Homeopatia, medicina alternativa: entre contracultura, Nova Era e oficialização (Brasil, década de 1970) / Homeopathy, alternative medicine: between counterculture, the New Era, and formalization (Brazil, 1970s)

Resumo O artigo analisa como a homeopatia foi veiculada ao público leigo no Brasil da década de 1970, período importante no processo de legitimação desse conhecimento como especialidade médica, o que ocorre em 1980. As fontes analisadas - compostas de artigos que circulavam no Jornal do Brasil e de livros destinados ao público leigo - permitem distinguir diferentes interlocutores que possuíam expectativas diversas diante da homeopatia, revelando um universo heterogêneo de compreensões e utilizações dessa medicina. Ao mesmo tempo, as fontes estabelecem um universo de representações envolvidas na construção da homeopatia como medicina alternativa, em que é perceptível sua relação com os movimentos de contracultura e Nova Era na formação de um "público consumidor de homeopatia".

Abstract The objective of this text is to analyze how homeopathy was conveyed to the lay public in Brazil during the 1970s, an important period in the process of legitimizing this practice as a medical specialty, which occurred in 1980. The sources analyzed (composed of articles that circulated in the Jornal do Brasil and books intended for the lay public) allow the reader to distinguish different interlocutors with various expectations of homeopathy, revealing a heterogeneous universe of understandings and uses for this medical system. At the same time, the sources establish a universe of representations present in the construction of homeopathy as alternative medicine, which is noticeable in its relationship with the counterculture movements and New Era in forming a "consuming public" for homeopathy.

Charles Miller Fisher: the 65th anniversary of the publication of his groundbreaking study "Transient Monocular Blindness Associated with Hemiplegia" / Charles Miller Fisher: 65 anos da publicação de seu estudo inovador "Cegueira monocular transitória associada com hemiplegia"

ABSTRACT Charles Miller Fisher is considered the father of modern vascular neurology and one of the giants of neurology in the 20th century. This historical review emphasizes Prof. Fisher's magnificent contribution to vascular neurology and celebrates the 65th anniversary of the publication of his groundbreaking study, "Transient Monocular Blindness Associated with Hemiplegia."

RESUMO Charles Miller Fisher é considerado o pai da neurologia vascular moderna, e um dos gigantes da neurologia no século XX. Esta revisão histórica enfatiza a magnífica contribuição de Miller Fisher na neurologia vascular, particularmente com a celebração dos 65 anos de publicação do seu estudo inovador intitulado "Cegueira monocular transitória associada com hemiplegia".

Historia del primer artículo científico argentino sobre cáncer y tabaco / History of the first Argentine scientific article on cancer and tobacco

Se revisa la historia del primer artículo científico argentino sobre cáncer y tabaco, de tipo experimental, realizado por el Dr Ángel Roffo en la década del 30.

The history of the first Argentine scientific article on cancer and tobacco, experimental, conducted by Dr. Angel Roffo in the 30s is reviewed.

Novas evidências documentais para a história da homeopatia na América Latina: um estudo de caso sobre os vínculos entre Rio de Janeiro e Buenos Aires / New documental evidence on the history of homeopathy in Latin America: a case study of links between Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires

Resumo A homeopatia começou a propagar-se logo após sua formulação por Samuel Hahnemann, nos primeiros anos do século XIX, chegando ao Cone Sul na década de 1830. Esse processo é tradicionalmente vinculado à figura de um “introdutor”, por vezes alcançando estatuto mítico. No entanto, pouco se sabe acerca da chegada da homeopatia à Argentina nesse período. Com base em trabalho de arquivo, identificamos uma clara circulação de homeopatas médicos e leigos no eixo Rio de Janeiro-Buenos Aires. Dada a conhecida atividade proselitista desenvolvida nos círculos ligados aos homeopatas leigos B. Mure e J.V. Martins no Rio de Janeiro, a documentação disponível aponta para a possível extensão desse movimento também na Argentina, o que não tinha sido evidenciado até o presente.

Abstract Homeopathy began to spread soon after it was formulated by Samuel Hahnemann in the early 1800s, reaching the Southern Cone in the 1830s. In processes of this kind, one figure is often cited as being responsible for introducing it, often attaining quasi-mythical status. Little is known, however, about how homeopathy reached Argentina at that time. Through archival research, we discovered that medical and lay homeopaths circulated between Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires. Given the well-known proselytizing of the circles gravitating around lay homeopaths B. Mure and J.V. Martins in Rio de Janeiro, the documents indicate that this movement actually went as far as Argentina, which had not been confirmed until now.

Las publicaciones psiquiátricas nacionales y sus autores en 150 años de la especialidad: los primeros cincuenta años (1852-1902) / Psychiatrics nationals publications and authors during 150 speciality years: The firsts fifty years (1852-1902)

This work is a brief historical investigation with double objective: to recall the importants alienists who took care of the mental patients and too communicate its mains articles, emphasizing its communication by the importance epidemiologist and the clinica relevance of the commented subjects. This an effort work in the House of Orates, and after in the Manicomio Nacional developed next to sacrificed civil employees it was an wasp to get the paper living experiences in one site -as some them they proclaimed- with very bad and deplorable conditions.

Se trata de una investigación histórica con un doble objetivo: recordar a los alienistas chilenos que atendieron a los enfermos mentales y comunicar algunos de sus artículos relevantes clínica y epidemiológicamente, publicados en los primeros cincuenta años de la psiquiatría chilena. Durante esa esforzada época -desarrollada en la principal institución nacional- progresivamente fue consolidándose la especialidad hasta ser conocida en el extranjero. El esforzado trabajo desarrollado en la Casa de Orates y luego en el Manicomio Nacional, junto a los sacrificados funcionarios, fue probablemente un aguijón para llevar al papel las experiencias vividas en un lugar -como algunos lo denunciaron- de pésimas y deplorables condiciones.

La revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey, su historia y logros / Archivo Médico de Camagüey journal, its history and achievements

INTRODUCCIÓN: la revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey fundada en el año 1997, está próxima a cumplir en el año 2015, 18 años de fructífero trabajo. De sus publicaciones se han generado diversos artículos, pero ninguno recoge sus orígenes, logros y perspectivas a lo largo de tantos años. OBJETIVO: rescatar la historia de la revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey, con la intención de promover su conocimiento entre los profesionales y estudiantes de la salud. MÉTODO: se realizó una revisión documental en el Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Se utilizó el sub método cronológico para establecer el orden de los hechos que se describen. DESARROLLO: se exponen los antecedentes históricos de la revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey, se hace alusión a las publicaciones que la precedieron, la relación de sus logros en orden cronológico así como las perspectivas de desarrollo futuro. CONCLUSIONES: la Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey y la Revista Referativa, constituyen los antecedentes históricos del surgimiento de la revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey; entre los logros se pueden mencionar el proceso de certificación por el CITMA, ingreso a la base de datos SciELO y adopción de la plataforma de trabajo Open Journal Systems.

INTRODUCTION: Archivo Médico de Camagüey journal, founded in 1997, is near to turn 18 years of profitable work in 2015. Articles that study the publication from different aspects have come out from its publications, but none of them have included its origin, perspectives, and achievements throughout these years. It could be added to this fact that some of the founders are retired or diseased. All this generated the need of presenting the historical evolution of the journal in this article. OBJECTIVE: to save the history of Archivo Médico de Camagüey journal, with the intention of promoting about it among health professionals and students. METHOD: a documentary review was made in the Provincial Information Center of the University of Medical Sciences. The chronological submethod was used to establish the order of the described facts. DEVELOPMENT: the historical record of the Archivo Médico de Camagüey journal is presented. The publications that preceded it, the relation of its achievements chronologically ordered, as well as the perspective for the future development are also referred. CONCLUSIONS: Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey and Revista Referativa constitute the historical antecedents of the Archivo Médico de Camagüey journal. Among the achievements can be mentioned: the certification process by CITMA, the entry to SciELO data base, and the adoption of the Open Journal System work platform.

El Herbario USJ de Costa Rica: trayectoria y contribuciones / USJ Herbarium of Costa Rica: history and contributions

In 2011 the Herbarium USJ of the University of Costa Rica became 80 years old and came up with 100 000 specimens of all the taxa that traditional botany studies. Data and figures on the history, the founders, and contributions of USJ to the knowledge of Costa Rican flora are summarized.

En 2011 el Herbario USJ de Costa Rica cumplió 80 años y llegó a 100 000 especímenes de todos los taxa que estudia la botánica. Se anotan datos y cifras sobre historia, fundadores y contribuciones de USJ al conocimiento florístico de Costa Rica.

Trends in Research on the History of Medicine in Korea before the Modern Era / 의사학

Research on the history of medicine in Korea in the form of modern scholarship began with the publication in 1930 of Yi Neunghwa's "A History of the Development of Medicine in Korea." The purpose of the present study lies in surveying studies on the history of medicine in Korea in the past 80 years since the publication of Yi's paper. In terms of periodization, research on the history of medicine in Korea is bifurcated by the publication of two comprehensive histories.i. e., Miki Sakae's A History of Medicine and Disease in Korea (1963) and Kim Du-jong's The Complete History of Medicine in Korea (1966). Indeed, all earlier studies converged in these two books. Because Miki and Kim both had majored in Western medicine and conducted research based on similar perspectives, data, and methods, the two works overlap considerably, and Kim's book, as the later of the two, unfortunately lost the initiative to the former to a considerable extent. As a result of these two scholars' research, it became possible to trace the overall flow of the history of medicine in Korea. Following the publication of works by Miki and Kim and with the advent of the 1980's, research on the history of medicine in premodern Korea was renovated with the emergence of no fewer than some dozen new doctoral degree holders in the field. In fact, these young scholars went beyond surveying trends in each era to expand the scope of specific discussions and topics per era, to delve into the actual contents, and to elucidate the function of medicine in society. The fruits of studies conducted in the past 80 years on the history of medicine in premodern Korea can be summarized as follows. 1) before the 5th century AD: the existence of a comprehensive medical practice in regions inhabited by those considered to be the ancestors of the Korean people; and information on medication including ginseng. 2) 5th-10th centuries: the existence of professional medical posts; the management of medicine by the royal household; institutions for medical education; the import and use of Chinese medical texts; the compilation of independent medical texts; the transmission of medical knowledge to Japan; and the import and export of medicinal ingredients. 3) 10th-14th centuries: public medical organs; medicine focusing on domestic medication; the invitation of medical doctors and the transmission of new medicine from Song China; the inclusion of medicine in the civil service examinations; the compilation of diverse types of Korean medical texts including those on native medicinal ingredients; disaster relief organs; regional medical organs; regional medicinal ingredient tribute system; and the state's measures against infectious diseases. 4) 14th-17th centuries: the consolidation of traditional East Asian medicine; the consolidation of Korean medicine including native medicinal ingredients; the emergence of a medical tradition that stresses the Daoist preservation of health ; and the publication of dozens of types of Chinese and Korean medical texts led by the entral and regional governments. Also noteworthy is the emergence of simple medical texts on emergency relief, pregnancy and childbirth, smallpox, and epidemics ( as well as the dissemination of their vernacular editions. In addition, there were phenomena such as the increasing occupation of the posts of medical officials by the non-aristocratic middling jung'in class; the existence of Confucian scholar-physicians and women physicians; and the compilation of texts on independent external medicine. 5) 17th-19th centuries: the formation of medicinal ingredient markets; the spread of pharmacies throughout the provinces; a vogue for Ming Chinese medical texts; veneration for the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine; the emergence of a positivistic stance toward medical research; a vogue for experiential remedies; interest in Western medicine; compilation of several medical texts on measles; criticism of Chinese traditional medicine and/or Korean traditional medicine; the spread of variolation; attempts to introduce smallpox vaccination ; Korean-Japanese medical exchange through the dispatch of Korean goodwill missions to Japan; a great vogue for the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine in both China and Japan; the emergence of independent medical texts on acupuncture; the successful cultivation and massive export of ginseng; and the birth of the Sasang (4-type) constitutional typology, a native medical tradition.

Uma brasiliana médica: o Brasil Central na expedição científica de Arthur Neiva e Belisário Penna e na viagem ao Tocantins de Julio Paternostro / A Brazilian medical collection: Central Brazil in Arthur Neiva and Belisário Penna's scientific expedition and Julio Paternostro's voyage to Tocantins

Aborda o papel das viagens científicas realizadas por médicos, durante a primeira metade do século XX, na imaginação social sobre o Brasil. Com esse objetivo, são analisados dois textos: o relatório de Arthur Neiva e Belisário Penna, publicado em Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, e o de Julio Paternostro, que veio a público em 1945 no livro Viagem ao Tocantins. O primeiro contribuiu para que se apontasse a patologia como marca definidora da identidade nacional durante a Primeira República (1899-1930). Esse fato teria repercussões nas décadas seguintes, como se verificou com relação ao livro de Paternostro, apresentado na época de sua publicação como obra de denúncia dos problemas nacionais. Além das doenças, a distância não apenas geográfica, mas sobretudo cultural entre litoral e sertão são os atributos ressaltados nesses retratos do Brasil.

The article addresses the role played within the social imaginary of Brazil by the scientific voyages of physicians in the first half of the twentieth century. Two texts are analyzed: a report by Arthur Neiva and Belisário Penna published in Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and another, by Julio Paternostro, released in 1945 in Viagem ao Tocantins. The former contributed to singling out pathology as the defining mark of national identity during the First Republic (1899-1930), a fact that had repercussions in the following decades, as apparent in Paternostro's book, which at the time of its publication was presented as an indictment of national problems. These portraits of Brazil highlight as attributes of the country not only disease but also the geographic and, primarily, cultural distance separating the coast from the sertão.

La Revista Médica de la Isla de Cuba a siglo y medio de su puesta en circulación / The Revista Médica de la Isla de Cuba later of 150 years of it putting into circulation

Durante los primeros años de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, surgieron en Cuba varias revistas médicas, algunas con un tiempo de circulación tan efímero que se suspendían el mismo año de su estreno. Una de estas publicaciones fue la que nació en marzo de 1858 con el título de Revista Médica de la Isla de Cuba y salió de la arena periodística en octubre siguiente. Se brindan algunos datos relativos al surgimiento y organización de este órgano de divulgación científica y se describe lo que fue en esencia su vida, al efecto de demostrar el valor de su contribución a las ciencias de la salud de su tiempo. A continuación se da a conocer su contenido, con la relación cronológica de todas las referencias de los artículos en ella registrados. Asimismo se presenta una lista donde se hallan ordenados alfabéticamente los nombres de los autores y otras con los asuntos por ellos tratados, en ambos casos acompañados de los elementos que remiten al cuerpo principal. Con esta obra de referencia se persigue, además de hacer surgir de las sombras la Revista Médica de la Isla de Cuba, a siglo y medio de su aparición, contribuir al conocimiento de una porción de la historiografía médica cubana de la época colonial.

During the first years of the second half of XIX century, several medical journals appeared in Cuba, some of them with a time of circulation so ephemeral that disappeared during the same year of its release. One of these publications was the Revista Médica de la Isla de Cuba, which was first published in March, 1858, and vanished in October of that same year. Some data related to the emergence and organization of this scientific spreading body are given, and its life is described in essence to demonstrate the value of its contribution to health sciences at that time. Its content, with a chronological relation of all the references of the articles registered in it, is made known. Likewise, we present a list arranged by alphabetical order with the names of the authors and others, and with the topics dealt with by them, in both cases accompanied with elements referring to the main body. With this reference work, we intend not only to rescue from the shadows this important journal, a century and a half after its first appearance, but also to contribute to the knowledge of a part of the Cuban medical historiography of the colonial period.

A trajetória das ciências sociais em saúde na América Latina: revisão da produção científica / The path taken by social sciences within health in Latin America: review of scientific production

Foi realizada uma análise da trajetória das ciências sociais em saúde na América Latina com base na produção científica, em especial no Brasil. O trabalho divide-se nas seguintes partes: introdução, notas sobre as origens do campo, revisões da produção científica, os anos 90 e os estudos sobre a produção científica, revisando as coletâneas, e comentários finais. O trabalho relata a trajetória histórica da produção científica com base em farta documentação: levantamentos bibliográficos, estudos bibliográficos, coletâneas de textos. Destaca-se, ainda, o levantamento das temáticas dessa área e alguns dados sobre os profissionais que atuam nessas atividades. Nas conclusões é dada ênfase à grande vitalidade da área, que em poucas décadas conseguiu firmar-se no cenário científico.

The Characteristics of Korea's Eugenic Movement in the Colonial Period Represented in the Bulletin, Woosaeng / 의사학

Woosaeng, meaning "eugenic" in Korean, was a bulletin published by the Korean Eugenics Association in 1934. With detailed review of the contributors to Woosaeng, its publication background and the contents, the characteristics of Korea's eugenic movement in 1930's and its historical implications of public health are studied. Intellectuals, especially some medical doctors educated abroad, played the pivotal role in publishing Woosaeng and leading the eugenic movement in 1930's. Lee Gabsoo, a medical doctor educated in Germany, is identified as the key person in the whole process. Most of contributors including Lee considered medical science, especially genetics, as the foundation of eugenics and had strong confidence in their belief. A variety of eugenic movements and activities, including enactment of the national eugenic law around the world, was introduced to the Korean society through Woosaeng and it reinforced the eugenic activities in Korea. Although colonial Korea at the time was being heavily imposed with Japan's culture, the eugenic activities were also influenced by Germany and the US through the contributors educated oversea. The overall content and tone of Woosaeng, revealed its 'soft' characteristics, yet it also implied its vulnerability to 'hard' eugenics. Korea's eugenic movement around Woosaeng faces turnover right before 'The Go Fast Imperialism' period. The high class intellectuals tamed by Japanese colonial paradigm in eugenics took the lead and ended up having a significant influence upon the activities around Woosaeng. And even after Koreans' liberation from Japan's annexation, they were able to retain their influence in public health area in the Korean society. In summary, Woosaeng guided us to understand the characteristics of Korea's eugenic movement in 1930's and the historical context of public health in Korea. Moreover, Woosaeng provided a large amount of information about the eugenic movements around the world as well as in Korea. It also provided some specific examples about the strategic relationship between medical science and politics in 1930's Korea.

Etapas cumpridas / Accomplished Stages

Balanço do quarto ano como editor da revista, enfatizando os esforços empreendidos para trazer para a revista os artigos oorgiinais com uma versão em língua inglesa. Destaca ainda a liberdade absoluta que é dada aos editores, em apresentar seus pontos de vista, uma vez que o objetivo da Revista não é só divulgar os trabalhos mas ensinar na medida do possível, e enriquecer os conhecimentos de nossos leitores

Lessor known ayurvedic physicians from an Urdu book Rumoozul Atibba: part II.

Rumoozul Atibba, a rare Urdu book compiled by Hakim Fairozuddin is in two Volumes. It is published by Darul Kutub Rafiqul Atibba, printed in "Rifah-e-Aam press in 1913 at Lahore which contains short biographies of Ayurvedic and Unani physicians. It has been compiled to disclose the tested formulae hidden in the minds of eminent scholars of Ayurveda and Unani with their life sketches.The selection of this work has been aimed to enlight the Ayurvedic History prevailed in different languages. Twenty biographies of Ayurvedic Physicians were in first volume of 'Rumuzul Atibba', which were published prior to this article (Bulletin of Indian Institute of History of Medicine. Vol XXVI (1996).This article contains only three biographies of Ayurvedic physicians.