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1.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 30(1): e2020354, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154143

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever os casos de raiva humana no estado do Ceará, Brasil, no período 1970-2019. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, sobre dados secundários da Secretaria da Saúde e do hospital de referência do Ceará. Resultados: Dos 171 casos, 75,7% ocorreram em homens, 60,0% nas idades até 19 anos e 56,0% em áreas urbanas. O cão foi agente transmissor em 74,0% dos casos; sagui em, 16,7%; e morcego, em 7,3%. Entre 1970 e 1978, houve crescimento do número de casos (pelo Joinpoint Regression Program, percentual da mudança anual [APC] = 13,7 - IC95% 4,6;41,5); e entre 1978 e 2019, redução (APC = -6,7 - IC95% -8,8;-5,9). Houve redução da transmissão por cães (71 casos; último caso em 2010) e aumento relativo por mamíferos silvestres (5 casos a partir de 2005). Conclusão: O estudo evidencia mudança na dinâmica da transmissão da raiva no período observado, com redução da transmissão por cão e incremento de casos por animais silvestres.


Objetivo: Describir los casos de la rabia humana en Ceará, Brasil, 1970-2019. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con datos secundarios de la Secretaría de Salud y del hospital de referencia de Ceará. Resultados: De los 171 casos, 75,7% ocurrió en hombres, el 60,0% en los 19 años y el 56,0% en áreas urbanas. El perro fue transmisor en 74,0%, el mono tití en 16,7% y el murciélago el 7,3%. Entre 1970 y 1978, hubo un aumento de casos (por el Joinpoint Regression Program, cambio porcentual anual [APC] = 13,7 - IC95% 4,6; 41,5), entre 1978 y 2019 una disminución (APC= -6,7 - IC95% -8,8; -5,9). Hubo una reducción de la transmisión por perros (71 casos, el último en 2010) y un aumento por mamíferos salvajes (5 casos, desde 2005). Conclusión: El estudio muestra un cambio en la dinámica de la transmisión de la rabia en los últimos años, con reducción de la transmisión por perros y aumento de casos por animales salvajes.


Objective: To describe cases of human rabies in Ceará State, Brazil between 1970 and 2019. Methods: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the Ceará State Department of Health and the state reference hospital. Results: Of 171 cases, 75.7% occurred in males, 60.0% in <19-year-olds, and 56.0% in urban areas. Rabies was transmitted by dogs in 74.0% of cases, marmosets in 16.7% and bats in 7.3%. Between 1970 and 1978, there was an increase of cases (using the Joinpoint Regression Program, annual percentage change [APC] = 13.7 - 95%CI 4.6;41.5), while between 1978 and 2019 there was a decrease (APC = -6.7 - 95%CI -8.8;-5.9). There was a reduction in transmission by dogs (71 cases, last case in 2010) and an increase by sylvatic animals (5 cases since 2005). Conclusion: This study demonstrates changes in rabies transmission dynamics during the period studied, with a reduction in transmission by dogs and an increase of transmission by sylvatic animals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rabies/transmission , Rabies/epidemiology , Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology , Rabies virus/classification , Brazil/epidemiology , Disease Vectors , Neglected Diseases , Epidemiological Monitoring
2.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 28(2): e2018275, 2019. tab, graf, mapa
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012084

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico da raiva humana no Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos casos de raiva humana notificados em 2000-2017; estimou-se a incidência e distribuição espacial. Resultados: 188 casos humanos observados, na maioria homens (66,5%), residentes rurais (67,0%), menores de 15 anos de idade (49,6%), com exposição mais frequente por mordedura (81,9%); o período 2000-2008 apresentou maior frequência (85,6%), com 46,6% dos casos envolvendo cães e 45,9% morcegos; incubação mediana de 50 dias, seguida de sintomatologia predominante de febre (92,6%), agitação (85,2%), parestesia (66,7%) e disfagia/paralisia (51,9%); a maioria (70,2%) não fez profilaxia, os demais (29,8%) realizaram-na de forma inoportuna e/ou incompleta; 13 pacientes foram tratados pelo Protocolo de Recife e dois sobreviveram. Conclusão: houve redução na incidência de raiva humana e mudança no perfil epidemiológico, predominando casos transmitidos por morcegos; sugere-se investigar casos secundários e viabilizar a profilaxia pré-exposição em populações sob maior risco de acidentes com morcegos.


Objetivo: describir el perfil epidemiológico de la rabia humana en Brasil. Métodos: descripción de los casos en 2000-2017, con estimación de la incidencia y distribución espacial. Resultados: se observaron 188 casos humanos, la mayoría de hombres (66,5%), residentes rurales (67,0%), menores de 15 años de edad (49,6%), con exposición más frecuente por mordedura (81,9%); el período 2000-2008 presentó mayor frecuencia (85,6%), con un 46,6% de los casos involucrando a perros y 45,9% a murciélagos; la incubación promedio fue de 50 días, seguida de sintomatología predominante de fiebre (92,6%), agitación (85,2%), parestesia (66,7%) y disfagia/parálisis (51,9%); la mayoría (70,2%) no hizo profilaxis y los demás (29,8%) la realizaron de forma inoportuna y/o incompleta; se trataron 13 pacientes con el Protocolo de Recife y dos sobrevivieron. Conclusión: hubo reducción en la incidencia de rabia humana y cambio en el perfil epidemiológico, predominando casos transmitidos por murciélagos; se sugiere investigar casos secundarios y viabilizar la profilaxis preexposición en poblaciones de mayor riesgo a accidentes por murciélagos.


Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of human rabies in Brazil. Methods: this is a descriptive study of human rabies cases reported in 2000-2017, with an estimate of incidence and spatial distribution. Results: 188 cases were studied, mostly males (66.5%), rural residents (67.0%), children under 15 years (49.6%), with biting being the most frequent form of exposure (81.9%); frequency was highest in the period 2000-2008 (85.6%), with 46.6% of cases involving dogs and 45.9% bats; median incubation was 50 days, followed by, predominantly, symptoms of fever (92.6%), agitation (85.2%), paresthesia (66.7%), and dysphagia/paralysis (51.9%); the majority (70.2%) did not have prophylaxis and for the rest (29.8%) who did have prophylaxis, it was untimely and/or incomplete; 13 patients were treated according to the Recife Protocol, and two survived. Conclusion: human rabies incidence reduced and its epidemiological profile changed, with predominance of cases transmitted by bats; we suggest that secondary cases be investigated, and that pre-exposure prophylaxis be made available to populations at greater risk of accidents involving bats.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Rabies/diagnosis , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies virus/classification , Rabies virus/pathogenicity , Neglected Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Incidence , Disease Notification , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Public Health Surveillance , Spatio-Temporal Analysis
3.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1484664

ABSTRACT

Rabies is very common in Peoples Republic of China. Each year thousands of people die because of this disease, but rabies diagnosed in pregnancy is very rare. Case Presentation In this study, we report the case of a pregnant woman who was infected with the rabies virus after a dog bite. The symptoms of rabies appeared in labor and she died after pregnancy. Her baby and husband did not develop the disease. Conclusion The phenomenon that the newborn infant was healthy may be related to the protective role of placenta in resisting the invasion of the rabies virus or the absence of systemic viremia. The prompt administration of vaccines and anti-rabies immunoglobulin to the infant may have also contributed to his survival.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Survival Analysis , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccines/analysis , Rabies virus/classification , Rabies virus/immunology
4.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 57-63, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-47188

ABSTRACT

The nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) of 11 Korean rabies virus (RABV) isolates collected from animals diagnosed with rabies between 2008 and 2009 were subjected to molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Six isolates originated from domestic animals (cattle and dogs) and five were obtained from wild free-ranging raccoon dogs. The similarities in the nucleotide sequences of the N gene among all Korean isolates ranged from 98.1 to 99.8%, while those of the G gene ranged from 97.9 to 99.3%. Based on the nucleotide analysis of the N and G genes, the Korean RABV isolates were confirmed as genotype I of Lyssavirus and classified into four distinct subgroups with high similarity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Korean isolates were most closely related to the non-Korean NeiMeng1025B and 857r strains, which were isolated from rabid raccoon dogs in Eastern China and Russia, respectively. These findings suggest that the Korean RABV isolates originated from a rabid raccoon dog in Northeastern Asia. Genetic analysis of the Korean RABV isolates revealed no substitutions at several antigenic sites, indicating that the isolates circulating in Korea may be pathogenic in several hosts.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Dogs , Base Sequence , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , China , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Glycoproteins/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Nucleoproteins/genetics , Phylogeny , Rabies/veterinary , Rabies virus/classification , Raccoon Dogs/virology , Republic of Korea , Russia , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(5): 231-236, Sept.-Oct. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-562998

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the pathogenicity of rabies virus isolated from bats and dogs, and to verify the efficacy of a commercial rabies vaccine against these isolates. For evaluation of pathogenicity, mice were inoculated by the intramuscular route (IM) with 500MICLD50/0.03mL of the viruses. The cross-protection test was performed by vaccinating groups of mice by the subcutaneous route and challenged through the intracerebral (IC) route. Isolates were fully pathogenic when inoculated by the IC route. When inoculated intramuscularly, the pathogenicity observed showed different death rates: 60.0 percent for the Desmodus rotundus isolate; 50.0 percent for dog and Nyctinomops laticaudatus isolates; 40.0 percent for Artibeus lituratus isolate; 9.5 percent Molossus molossus isolate; and 5.2 percent for the Eptesicus furinalis isolate. Mice receiving two doses of the vaccine and challenged by the IC route with the isolates were fully protected. Mice receiving only one dose of vaccine were partially protected against the dog isolate. The isolates from bats were pathogenic by the IC route in mice. However, when inoculated through the intramuscular route, the same isolates were found with different degrees of pathogenicity. The results of this work suggest that a commercial vaccine protects mice from infection with bat rabies virus isolates, in addition to a canine rabies virus isolate.


O estudo avaliou e comparou as propriedades patogênicas de cinco isolados do vírus da raiva de morcegos e um isolado do vírus da raiva de cão e analisou a eficácia de vacina comercial contra estes isolados, em camundongos. Para o estudo de patogenicidade camundongos foram inoculados pela via IM com 0,1 mL contendo 500MICLD50/0,03mL das amostras de vírus. Quando inoculados pela via IC, os isolados do vírus da raiva provocaram a morte de 100 por cento dos camundongos. No entanto, 500MICLD50/0,03mL das mesmas amostras, inoculadas pela via IM, ocasionaram mortalidade de: 60,0 por cento quando a amostra era de Desmodus rotundus; 50,0 por cento de cão e de Nyctinomops laticaudatus; 40,0 por cento de Artibeus lituratus; 9,5 por cento de Molossus molossus; e 5,2 por cento de Eptesicus furinalis. Camundongos que receberam duas doses de vacina foram protegidos quando desafiados pela via IC, com todas as amostras testadas. Quando os camundongos receberam uma dose da mesma vacina, houve proteção parcial daqueles desafiados com a amostra de cão. Todos os isolados do vírus da raiva testados foram patogênicos para camundongos, inoculados pela IC. No entanto, pela via IM, os mesmos isolados mostraram diferentes graus de patogenicidade. Concluiu-se também que a vacina comercial contra raiva protegeu os camundongos desafiados com amostras de vírus isolados de morcegos e de cão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Mice , Rabies Vaccines/immunology , Rabies virus/pathogenicity , Rabies/prevention & control , Chiroptera , Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage , Rabies virus/classification , Rabies virus/immunology , Rabies/immunology
6.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(supl.1): S8-S13, abr. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-480660

ABSTRACT

A retrospective epidemiological study about epidemiology of rabies in Chile between years 1989 and 2005 was done. A data base of 39793 national registries of rabies samples was analyzed by means of statistical packages. Out of 39793 analyzed cases, 719 bats, 7 dogs, 7 cats, 1 bovine and 1 human were positive to rabies throughout the 17 years of this study. The statistical analysis established a significant increase in the proportions of positivity in bats, with predominance of variant 4 between the reservoirs. Given the complexity of the wild cycle of the rabies in Chile, it is necessary to maintain a program control of rabies, directed to educate people for a responsible possession of domestic animals, due to the risk of rabies transmission from bat to the susceptible species.


Se realizó este estudio para actualizar el conocimiento epidemiológico de la rabia en Chile, entre los años 1989 y 2005. Se trabajó con una base de datos de 39.793 registros históricos nacionales de muestras para el diagnóstico de rabia que mantiene el Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, analizando los datos mediante paquetes estadísticos. De los 39.793 casos analizados se detectaron positivos a rabia en murciélagos (n: 719), perros (n: 7), gatos (n: 7), bovino (n: 1) y humano (n:l) a lo largo de los 17 años de estudio; estos representan el total de casos confirmados en Chile durante ese período. El análisis estadístico determinó un aumento lento pero significativo de positividad a rabia en murciélagos con un predominio de la variante 4 entre los reservónos circulantes. Dada la complejidad del ciclo silvestre de la rabia en Chile, es necesario mantener un programa de control de rabia dirigido a la educación de la población en pro de la tenencia responsable de los animales domésticos; existe riesgo de transmisión de la rabia desde murciélago a las especies susceptibles.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cattle , Dogs , Humans , Chiroptera/virology , Rabies virus/immunology , Rabies/epidemiology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Chile/epidemiology , Chiroptera/classification , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Rabies virus/classification , Rabies/transmission , Rabies/virology
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 95(5): 609-10, Sept.-Oct. 2000.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-267885

ABSTRACT

Presently, the State of Ceará reports the largest percentage of human rabies cases originated from wild animals in Brazil, transmitted by the principal simian species, the tamarin (Callithrix jacchus), found in various locations throughout the State, but concentrated along the coast. Epidemiological studies indicated that possibly the same virus caused the deaths in humans and non-human primates. This rabies virus seem to be different from all other identified so far.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rabies virus/classification , Saguinus/virology , Brazil , Monkey Diseases/virology , Rabies virus/isolation & purification , Rabies/transmission , Rabies/veterinary
10.
Salvador; s.n; 1997. vi,139 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-238948

ABSTRACT

A raiva é um dos problemas de Saúde Pública, sendo letal em quase 100 (porcento) dos casos. Mais de 20.000 mortes por raiva humana ocorrem por ano em todo o mundo e o cäo é o principal transmissor na maioria dos casos. Por isto, diferentes esquemas de vacinaçäo anti-rábica pós-exposiçäo säo utilizados, contudo, com relaçäo aos esquemas pré-exposiçäo näo se tem determinado qual esquema induz a melhor resposta de anticorpos específicos após vacinaçäo. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta humoral contra o vírus rábico, após aplicaçäo da vacina anti-rábica Fuenzalida-Palacios utilizada em quatro esquemas pré-exposiçäo. Neste estudo experimental a populaçäo foi constituída por estudantes de Medicina Veterinária da UFBA, sendo selecionados 113 indivíduos, distribuídos aleatoriamente nos quatro esquemas vacinais avaliados (I - Ministério da Saúde: 0,2, 428 dias; II - Alternativo 1: 0-2 doses, 4 dias; III - TECPAR: 0,7, 14 dias; IV - Alternativo 2: 0-2 doses, 7 dias). A titulaçäo de anticorpos neutralizantes (AcN) foi determinada usando o teste de soro-neutralizaçäo (TN) em camundongos nas amostras séricas coletadas nos seguintes dias: 0, 7, 16, 30 e 60. Resultados: Na última avaliaçäo sorológica, por exemplo, os títulos conforme o esquema, foram os seguintes em UI/ml: I (1,96 mais ou menos 1,78), II (0,62 mais ou menos 0,93), III (7,13 mais ou menos 7,82) e IV (4,49 mais ou menos 6,00). Na avaliaçäo dos resultados dos quatros grupos vacinais, as melhores respostas foram obtidas com os esquemas vacinais III e IV. Todavia, com o esquema vacinal IV a totalidade dos indivíduos (100 porcento) foi respondedor (título >0,UI/ml), com a vantagem de neste vacinal o indivíduo necessitar apenas de duas visitas à Unidade de Saúde. Conclusöes: (i) os esquemas vacinais reduzidos, com 3 doses säo uma boa alternativa para a imunizaçäo pré-exposiçäo; (ii) os esquemas reduzidos oferecem a vantagem de títulos sorológicos protetores num período curto de tempo; (iii) o esquema vacinal I recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde, além de ser de custo maior (4 doses em tempos diferentes) näo forneceu resposta sorológica superior aos esquemas reduzidos (IV) e (III) com três doses de vacina


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dogs , Immunization Schedule , Rabies Vaccines/classification , Rabies Vaccines/therapeutic use , Rabies/immunology , Rabies/prevention & control , Antibody Formation/immunology , Nonlinear Dynamics , Rabies/history , Rabies/transmission , Rabies virus/classification , Rabies virus/pathogenicity
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 29(6): 579-83, nov.-dez. 1996.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-191186

ABSTRACT

RV194-2 rabies virus, an avirulent mutant of CVS strain, induces an inapparent infection limited to the central nervous system (CNS) in adult mice inoculated intracerebrally. This fact suggest that immune response of the host is able to eliminate the virus in CNS. For this reason, we have studied the induction of interferon and the humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice after RV194-2 inoculation. These mice presented high levels of interferon in the plasma and in the brain, with elevated levels of neutralizing antirabies antibodies. The 2-5A synthetase, an enzyme marker of interferon action, was analyzed in the brain of inoculated animals. Its enhancement in parallel to the interferon production in the brain, showed biochemical evidence that this interferon is active. Forty five days after RV194-2 virus inoculation, mice were protected against a challenge with the CVS virulent strain. The results presented herein show that RV194-2 strain has a high level of immunogenicity.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Epitopes/immunology , Rabies virus/immunology , Cerebrum/immunology , Species Specificity , Interferons/blood , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Rabies virus/classification
12.
Rev. saúde pública ; 28(1): 86-91, fev. 1994.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-130169

ABSTRACT

Fez-se revisäo sobre os recentes avanços na pesquisa da raiva resultantes do progresso tecnológico das ciências biológicas, em especial a biologia molecular e a engenharia genética. Enfatizam-se os novos conhecimentos sobre as características e propriedades do vírus rábico, sobre a patogenia e imunologia da infecçäo bem como o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de diagnóstico e de avaliaçäo de imunógenos. Destacam-se, na epidemiologia a importância da identificaçäo de cepas imunogenicamente distintas do vírus rábico, e na imunoprofilaxia, a produçäo de vacinas altamente imunogênicas


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rabies , Rabies Vaccines , Rabies virus/classification , Rabies/epidemiology , Molecular Biology , Rabies virus/pathogenicity
13.
Indian J Public Health ; 1990 Apr-Jun; 34(2): 75-86
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-110453
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