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1.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 19(2): 49-58, jun. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1566990

ABSTRACT

La atrofia muscular espinal (AME) 5q es una de las enfermedades neuromusculares de mayor incidencia en la infancia. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de AME tipo 1, su forma más severa de presentación, es menor debido a muertes prematuras evitables antes de los dos años por insuficiencia ventilatoria subtratada. La irrupción de nuevos tratamientos modificadores de la enfermedad pueden cambiar dramáticamente este pronóstico y es una oportunidad para actualizar el manejo respiratorio, a través de cuidados estandarizados básicos, preferentemente no invasivos, abordando la debilidad de los músculos respiratorios, la insuficiencia tusígena y ventilatoria, con un enfoque preventivo. La siguiente revisión literaria entrega estrategias para evitar la intubación y la traqueostomía usando soporte ventilatorio no invasivo (SVN), reclutamiento de volumen pulmonar (RVP) y facilitación de la tos. Se analizan en detalle los protocolos de extubación en niños con AME tipo 1.


Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) 5q is one of the neuromuscular diseases with the highest incidence in childhood. Nevertheless, the prevalence of its most severe form SMA1 is lower due to premature preventable deaths before two years of age related to ventilatory insufficiency undertreated. The emergence of new disease-modifying treatments can dramatically change this prognosis and is an opportunity to update respiratory management, through basic standardized care, mostly non-invasive, addressing respiratory muscles pump weakness, cough and ventilatory insufficiency with a preventive approach. This literature review provides consensus recommendations for strategies to avoid intubation and tracheostomy using noninvasive ventilatory support (NVS), lung volume recruitment (LVR), and cough facilitation. Extubation protocols in children with SMA type 1 are analyzed in detail.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Ventilator Weaning , Cough , Airway Extubation , Noninvasive Ventilation , Lung Volume Measurements
2.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; Rev. chil. enferm. respir;35(3): 199-206, 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058075

ABSTRACT

El patrón llamado 'crazy paving' en tomografia computada de tórax (TAC) puede deberse a diferentes condiciones siendo una de ellas la Proteinosis Alveolar Pulmonar (PAP), rara condición que puede llevar a insuficiencia respiratoria y a menudo, a la muerte. Presentamos el caso de una mujer joven con una historia de un año de evolución de disnea progresiva y tos seca que consultó por un cuadro de aparición brusca de fiebre, calofríos, malestar general y falla respiratoria hipoxémica severa (PaO2 = 51,9 mmHg con FiO2 = 0,50) en la cual la TAC de tórax mostraba un patrón de empedrado o 'crazy paving' que significó un desafío diagnóstico resuelto finalmente con una biopsia pulmonar quirúrgica que mostró una PAP. Ante el fracaso del tratamiento tradicional de Lavado Pulmonar Total (LPT) se usó una aproximación terapéutica novedosa consistente en una serie de 4 lavados lobares con un perfluorocarbono, Perflubron (PFC) bajo anestesia local seguido por 5 sesiones de Plasmaféresis. Casi inmediatamente después de este tratamiento la paciente evidenció mejoría radiológica y funcional. La PaO2 fue de 89,9 mmHg respirando aire ambiental y la CVF y el VEF1 aumentaron alcanzado respectivamente el 77 y el 75% de sus valores normales de referencia. Dadas las características químicas y físicas del PFC, pensamos que es una alternativa válida al LPT en estos casos.


Crazy paving computed tomography pattern may be due to a number of causes, one of them being Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis, a rare condition leading to respiratory failure and often to death. We present the case of a young woman with a one-year history of progressive dyspnea and dry cough, who consulted for an acute onset of fever, chills, malaise and severe hypoxemic respiratory failure (PaO2 = 51.9 mmHg; FiO2 = 0.50) with a 'crazy paving' pattern on chest CT. This diagnostic challenge was resolved by a surgical lung biopsy that showed a pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Taking into account that the traditional treatment using whole lung lavage had already failed in this patient, a novel therapeutic approach was settled. A series of 4 lobar lavages with a perfluorocarbon (Perflubron) under local anesthesia followed by 5 plasmapheresis sessions were carried out. The patient showed radiographic and functional improvement almost immediately after this treatment. PaO2 was 89.9 mmHg breathing room air and FVC and FEV1 increased to reach 77 and 75% respectively of their normal reference values. Because of its chemical and physical properties we think this novel therapeutic approach should be a valuable alternative to saline solution for whole lung lavage in these cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/therapy , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/surgery , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/complications , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Plasmapheresis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/methods , Fluorocarbons
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; Rev. bras. anestesiol;66(6): 572-576, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829705

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: This study compared the rates of acute respiratory failure, reintubation, length of intensive care stay and mortality in patients in whom the non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) was applied instead of the routine venturi face mask (VM) application after a successful weaning. Methods: Following the approval of the hospital ethics committee, 62 patients who were under mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours were scheduled for this study. 12 patients were excluded because of the weaning failure during T-tube trial. The patients who had optimum weaning criteria after the T-tube trial of 30 minutes were extubated. The patients were kept on VM for 1 hour to observe the hemodynamic and respiratory stability. The group of 50 patients who were successful to wean randomly allocated to have either VM (n = 25), or NIV (n = 25). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), PaO2, PCO2, and pH values were recorded. Results: The number of patients who developed respiratory failure in the NIV group was significantly less than VM group of patients (3 reintubation vs. 14 NIV + 5 reintubation in the VM group). The length of stay in the ICU was also significantly shorter in NIV group (5.2 ± 4.9 vs. 16.7 ± 7.7 days). Conclusions: The ratio of the respiratory failure and the length of stay in the ICU were lower when non-invasive mechanical ventilation was used after extubation even if the patient is regarded as ‘successfully weaned’. We recommend the use of NIMV in such patients to avoid unexpected ventilator failure.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Este estudo comparou as taxas de insuficiência respiratória aguda, reintubação, tempo de internação em UTI e mortalidade em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) em vez da habitual máscara facial de Venturi (MV) após desmame bem-sucedido. Métodos: Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética do hospital, 62 pacientes que estavam sob ventilação mecânica por no mínimo 48 horas foram inscritos neste estudo. Doze foram excluídos devido à falha de desmame durante o teste de tubo-T. Os que apresentaram critérios de desmame ótimos após o teste de tubo-T de 30 minutos foram extubados. Foram mantidos em MV por uma hora para observação da estabilidade hemodinâmica e respiratória. O grupo de 50 pacientes que obtiveram sucesso no desmame ventilatório foi alocado aleatoriamente para MV (n = 25) ou VNI (n = 25). Os valores de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), PaO2, PCO2 e pH foram registrados. Resultados: O número de pacientes que desenvolveu insuficiência respiratória no grupo VNI foi significativamente menor do que o do grupo MV (3 reintubações vs. 14 VNI + 5 reintubações no grupo MV). O tempo de permanência em UTI também foi significativamente menor no grupo NIV (5,2 ± 4,9 vs. 16,7 ± 7,7 dias). Conclusões: As taxas de insuficiência respiratória e do tempo de permanência em UTI foram menores quando a ventilação mecânica não invasiva foi usada após a extubação, mesmo se o paciente foi considerado como “desmame bem-sucedido”. Recomendamos o uso de VMNI em tais pacientes para evitar a falha inesperada do ventilador.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Respiration, Artificial/mortality , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology , Ventilator Weaning/mortality , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/mortality , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Longevity , Masks , Middle Aged
4.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 85(4): 539-543, oct.-dic. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-697516

ABSTRACT

La hernia diafragmática congénita constituye uno de los retos pendientes dentro de las enfermedades quirúrgicas del recién nacido. Se presenta un caso muy inusual, en el cual se diagnosticó una hernia diafragmática derecha atascada, con compromiso de gran parte del intestino. Se describen los medios diagnósticos utilizados, el procedimiento quirúrgico realizado y las complicaciones presentadas. La hernia diafragmática congénita atascada es una complicación potencialmente letal, por el amplio compromiso vascular que produce en los órganos abdominales y que conlleva a la necrosis de estos si no se diagnostica precozmente. Por ello, debe ser considerada en el diagnóstico diferencial de la insuficiencia respiratoria en los recién nacidos y lactantes pequeños


Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is one of the pending challenges in dealing with the surgical diseases of the newborn. This was a very unusual case of a right stuck diaphragmatic hernia that affected a large part of the intestine. The used diagnostic means, the surgical procedure and the observed complications were described. Stuck congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a potentially lethal complication because of the wide vascular effect on the abdominal organs, leading to their necrosis if this problem is not early diagnosed. Therefore, it must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of the respiratory failure in newborns and small infants


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/surgery , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/complications , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Diagnosis, Differential
6.
Medisan ; 12(1)ene.-mar. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-532623

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y prospectivo de 12 pacientes tratados con ventilación mecánica artificial en el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital Provincial Docente Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba durante el último cuatrimestre del 2006, en quienes se utilizaron aerosoles de eucalipto por más de 48 horas para evaluar su utilidad como tratamiento profiláctico de la infección en las vías respiratorias bajas. Se excluyeron de la casuística los pacientes con procesos infecciosos en el momento de iniciar la ventilación y los mayores de 60 años. De los integrantes de la serie se infectaron 4 (33,3 por ciento) con microorganismos gramnegativos, predominantemente Klebsiella, aislados en cultivos de secreciones endotraqueales. La infección se produjo generalmente después del séptimo día de estar aplicando la mencionada ventilación, lo cual permitió concluir que este tratamiento puede resultar eficaz para prevenir la neumonía que suele asociarse a su uso.


A longitudinal and prospective study of 12 patients treated with artificial and mechanical ventilation in the Service of Intensive Therapy of Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the last quarter of 2006, in whom eucalyptus aerosols were used for more than 48 hours to evaluate their use as prophylactic treatment of the low airways infection. The patients with infectious processes in the moment of beginning ventilation and those older than 60 years were excluded from the case material. Of these patients 4 (33,3 percent) were infected with Gram-negative microorganisms, predominantly Klebsiella, isolated from cultures of endotracheal secretions. The infection generally occurred after the seventh day of applying the mentioned ventilation, which allowed to conclude that this treatment can be effective to prevent the pneumonia that is usually associates to its use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Administration, Inhalation , Eucalyptus , Respiratory Insufficiency/complications , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Pneumonia/complications , Pneumonia/mortality , Respiration, Artificial , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies
7.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 18(2): 75-79, abr. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-473233

ABSTRACT

El asma bronquial es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de las vías aéreas asociada a hiperreactividad bronquial y obstrucción reversible del flujo aéreo. Su prevalencia ha ido en aumento en todo el mundo en las dos últimas décadas, especialmente en los países industrializados. El desarrollo de medicamentos antiinflamatorios, principalmente los corticoides inhalados, junto a los broncodilatadores beta adrenérgicos de acción prolongada han constituído un notorio avance en el control de la enfermedad. Debido a su heterogeneidad y difícil manejo práctico, en algunos casos no es posible controlar los síntomas totalmente. Nuevas terapias biológicas anti inflamatorias específicas aparecen como un promisorio aporte en su tratamiento. La educación permanente de los pacientes continúa siendo un pilar fundamental en el control del asma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Severity of Illness Index
8.
J Biosci ; 2003 Feb; 28(1): 101-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-110962

ABSTRACT

This investigation focuses on the application of an in vitro assay in elucidating the role of lung lining fluid antioxidants in the protection against inhaled particles, and to compare the toxicities of different airborne particulate matter (PM), PM10, collections from South Wales, UK. PM collections from both urban and industrial sites caused 50% oxidative degradation of DNA in vitro at concentrations as low as 12.9 +/- 2.1 microg ml(-1) and 4.9 0.9 mg ml-1 respectively. The primary source of this bioreactivity was found to be the soluble fraction of both particle collections. The coarser PM(10-2.5) fraction also showed greater oxidative bioreactivity than the PM(2.5-0.1) in both cases. When repeated in the presence of a low molecular weight fraction of fresh pulmonary lavage fluid, as well as in artificial lung lining fluid (200 microM urate, glutathione and ascorbate), the DNA damage was significantly reduced in all cases (P < 0.05). The antioxidants exerted a greater effect on the industrial samples than on the urban samples, and on the PM(10-2.5) fractions than on the PM(2.5-0.1) fractions, supporting the previous findings that respirable PM and urban samples contain fewer free radical sources than inhalable PM and industrial samples.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/chemistry , Animals , Antioxidants/physiology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry , Cities , Germ-Free Life , Industry , Lung/chemistry , Male , Molecular Weight , Oxidation-Reduction , Particle Size , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Solubility , Toxicity Tests
9.
Rev. méd. Costa Rica Centroam ; 67(550): 7-10, ene.-mar. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-278738

ABSTRACT

1. El manejo protocolizado de los trastornos de los carbohidratos durante el embarazo nos conduce a resultados perinatales similares a los de la población embarazada general, tal y como lo demuestran en nuestro estudio: La incidencia de muertes fetales y neonatales. Los marcadores de asfixia neonatal. La hiperbilirrubinemia. El síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria. 2. La incidencia de macrosomía lo hemos logrado reducir a cifras muy aceptables. 3. El momento de interrupción del embarazo nos garantiza obtener neonatos maduros, contrario a lo que ocurría en tiempos pasados


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Carbohydrates , Carbon , Diabetes, Gestational , Diabetes Mellitus , Pregnancy in Diabetics , Asphyxia Neonatorum/prevention & control , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Costa Rica , Fetal Death/prevention & control , Hyperbilirubinemia/prevention & control
11.
Bol. Soc. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter ; 18(171): 11-4, jan.-abr. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-186240

ABSTRACT

Um quadro de insuficiência respiratória aguda tem sido descrito em pacientes submetidos a quimioterapia com Citarabina em altas doses, concomitante à detecçäo de Streptococcus sp. O quadro clínico pode ser fatal e envolve múltiplos fatores. Profilaxia com penicilina tem sido utilizada para evitar esta complicaçäo. Aqui, descrevemos a evoluçäo de um caso clínico após o uso de Citarabina altas doses com insuficiência respiratória aguda, onde foi detectado Streptococcus Viridans.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Cytarabine/adverse effects , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Acute Disease , Cytarabine/therapeutic use , Streptococcal Infections/chemically induced , Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control , Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control
14.
RIO DE JANEIRO; SENAC-RJ; 1993. 1v p.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-773662
15.
RIO DE JANEIRO; SENAC-RJ; 1993. 1v p.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-942068
17.
In. Muñoz Canto, Félix; Caviedes Soto, Iván. Cuidados intensivos respiratorios. Santiago de Chile, Mediterráneo, 1991. p.215-21. (Medicina Serie Práctica).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-164849
18.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; Arq. neuropsiquiatr;47(4): 484-90, dez. 1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-80120

ABSTRACT

Os autores descrevem três casos de síndrome de Landry-Guillain-Barré-Sthohl tratados com sucesso pela plasmaferese - os únicos do Rio Grande do Sul - precedidos por breve revisäo e detendo-se no procedimento, fixando critérios para sua indicaçäo


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Plasmapheresis , Polyradiculoneuropathy/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control
20.
RBM rev. bras. med ; RBM rev. bras. med;43(10): 291-3, out. 1986. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-35692

ABSTRACT

Foi testada a possibilidade experimental de utilizaçäo do peritônio como membrana de diálise peritoneal gasosa, como forma de apoio suplementar, em situaçäo de insuficiência respiratória artificial, aos processos clássicos de ventilaçäo. 14 cäes foram submetidos ao protocolo proposto, demonstrando: os aumentos de pressäo de oxigênio intraperitoneal produzem elevaçäo significativa (p<0.05) da oxigenaçäo arterial, näo sendo afetada pelas variaçöes de fluxo de oxigênio, que, no entanto, mostrou haver uma tendência de reduçäo da PaCO2 nestas circutâncias. Näo foram detectadas maiores complicaçöes


Subject(s)
Dogs , Animals , Male , Female , Peritoneal Dialysis , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control
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