ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN. Las cardiopatías congénitas son un factor de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedad severa por virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS). En Chile no se conoce la hospitalización o letalidad por esta causa. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la letalidad de niños menores de 2 años con cardiopatías congénitas hospitalizados por infección por VRS en el hospital de niños Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile. MÉTODO. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de revisión de fichas clínicas de niños menores de 24 meses con cardiopatía congénita, hospitalizados por infección respiratoria baja por VRS. Se registró edad, género, tipo de cardiopatía congénita, comorbilidades, días de hospitalización, ingreso a unidad de paciente crítico y letalidad en Hospital Roberto del Río durante los años 2014 a 2016. Se analizaron resultados mediante Stata 13. Aprobado por Comité de ética del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte RESULTADOS: Se estudian 94 pacientes hospitalizados, mediana de edad de 7,3 meses, 45 (48%) hombres. Los casos de cardiopatía congénita cianótica fueron 7 (7,4%), obstructivas izquierdas 3 (3,2%) y no obstructivas 84 (89,3%). Las comorbilidades fueron: 17 (18,08%) trisomía 21, 10 (10,6%) patología neurológica, 6 (6,38%) reflujo gastroesofágico. Sin comorbilidad 48 pacientes (51,06%). La mediana de hospitalización es 8 días y la necesidad de ventilación mecánica de 1 día, siendo mayor en las cianóticas. Requieren ingreso a unidad de paciente crítico 49 (52,12%). La letalidad fue de un 8,5%. CONCLUSIÓN: La morbimortalidad de la infección por VRS observada en pacientes con cardiópatas congénitas es elevada, por lo que la prevención con anticuerpos monoclonales podría tener impacto. En el 2019 Chile implementa el uso de anticuerpos monoclonales anti VRS en niños con cardiopatías congénitas por lo que será interesante medir el impacto de esta medida.
INTRODUCTION. Congenital heart disease is a risk factor for developing severe disease due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In Chile the rate of hospitalization or lethality due to this cause is not known. The objective of this study was to determine lethality of infants with congenital heart disease hospitalized for RSV infection. METHOD. Retrospective descriptive study, through review of clinical records of infants under 24 months with congenital heart disease, hospitalized due to low RSV respiratory infection. We recorded age, gender, type of congenital heart disease, comorbidities, days of hospitalization, admission to a critical patient unit and lethality in Roberto del Río Hospital between 2014 to 2016. The research had approved bay the ethical Comitee Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte. Results were analyzed through Stata 13. RESULTS. 94 hospitalized patients were studied, median age of 7.3 months, 45 (48%) men. The cases of congenital cyanotic heart disease were 7 (7.4%), left obstructive 3 (3.2%) and non-obstructive 84 (89.3%). The comorbidities were: 17 (18.08%) trisomy 21, 10 (10.6%) neurological pathology, 6 (6.38%) gastroesophageal reflux and 48 patients (51.06%) did not present. The hospitalization median is 8 days and the need for 1-day mechanical ventilation is greater in cyanotic patients. They require admission to the critical patient unit 49 (52.12%). The lethality is 8.5%. CONCLUSION: The lethality of RSV infection observed in patients with congenital heart disease is high. In 2019 Chile implemented the use of RSV monoclonal antibodies congenital heart disease. New studies are needed to measure the impact of this new policy. Keywords: congenital heart disease, respiratory syncytial virus
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Retrospective Studies , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/complications , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Because the antibody neutralizing respiratory syncytial virus (anti-RSV) has a short period of immunization and high cost, the identification of regions and months of highest occurrence of bronchiolitis is very important. METHODS: An Autoregressive Conditional Poisson model was constructed for count data and compared to the standard time-series Poisson regression model. RESULTS: The metropolitan area of Paraná presented the highest average occurrence from May to July. CONCLUSIONS: The constructed model presented a better fit and allowed prediction of when and where the bronchiolitis hospitalizations are distributed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Bronchiolitis/epidemiology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Seasons , Brazil/epidemiology , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Bronchiolitis/virology , Poisson Distribution , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Geographic MappingABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Dada la alta prevalencia de infecciones respiratorias en lactantes hospitalizados por Virus Respiratorio Sincicial (VRS), el objetivo de este estudio apuntó a determinar los costos directos de esta infección. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo longitudinal en lactantes menores de un año hospitalizados por VRS durante el año 2015. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos. Grupo 1 sin factores de riesgo y grupo 2 con factores de riesgo (prematurez, oxigeno dependencia, displasia broncopulmonar, cardiopatía, inmunodeficiencia), comparando entre sí el estado nutricional, género, lactancia materna, diagnóstico de egreso, diagnóstico radiológico, tiempo de estadía, entre otras. Se estimó costos directos por hospitalización según aranceles del Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA) y Modalidad Atención Institucional (MAI). RESULTADOS: Ingresaron 260 pacientes distribuidos, 234 en grupo 1 (90%) y 26 en grupo 2 (10%). El promedio de estadía hospitalaria fue 7,3 días (DS+5,1) para grupo 1 y 13,6 días (DS+16,3) grupo 2 (p < 0,05), con medianas de 6 y 7 días, respectivamente. El costo directo asociado a hospitalización por VRS fue en promedio CLP $ 413.529 (632,1 US$) para grupo 1 y de CLP $ 744.260 (1.137,6 US$) para grupo 2 (p < 0,05).También hubo significancia estadística por mayor costo en grupo 2 para el rubro exámenes y medicamentos (p < 0,03) y costos por días de estadía hospitalaria (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: Estos valores por primera vez conocidos en la realidad nacional, confirman el alto costo de estas infecciones y, en particular, en pacientes perte necientes a grupos de riesgo.
INTRODUCTION: Considering the high prevalence of respiratory infections in hospitalized infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), the objective of this study is to determine the direct costs of this infection. PATIENTS Y METHOD: Method: Prospective longitudinal study in infants under one year of age hos pitalized due to RSV during 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups, Group 1 patients without risk factors and Group 2 patients with risk factors (prematurity, oxygen dependence, bronchopulmo nary dysplasia, heart disease, immunocompromised patients), comparing each other variables such as nutritional status, gender, breastfeeding, discharge diagnosis, radiological diagnosis, length of hos pital stay, among others. Direct costs for hospitalization were estimated according to the fees of the National Health Fund (FONASA) and the Modality of Institutional Care (MAI). RESULTS: The total patients admitted in the period were 260: 234 (90%) in Group 1 and 26 (10%) in Group 2. The avera ge hospital stay for Group 1 was 7.3 days (SD+5.1) with a median of 6 days, and 13.6 days (SD+16.3) for Group 2 with a median of 7 days (p < 0.05). The direct costs associated with RSV hospitalization were on average CLP $ 413,529 (US$ 632.1) for Group 1, and CLP $ 744,260 (US$ 1,137.6) for Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was also statistically significant higher cost for Group 2 due to tests and drugs (p < 0.05) and costs per day of hospital stay (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These values, known for the first time in the national reality, confirm the high cost of these infections and particularly in risk groups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/economics , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/economics , Chile , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapyABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that use of heliox would result in improvement of gas exchange when used with high flow nasal cannula in infants with RSV acute bronchiolitis. Methods: All patients that met the inclusion criteria were randomized to either heliox (70:30) or air-oxygen mixture 30% via high flow nasal cannula at 8 L/min for a continuous 24 h. Measurements were taken at baseline, after 2 h, and at the end of the 24 h. Results: This prospective study included 48 patients. After 2 h of treatment with heliox, the oxygen saturation and PaO2 significantly improved when compared with the air-oxygen group, 98.3% vs. 92.9%, 62.0 mmHg vs. 43.6 mmHg (p = 0.04 and 0.01), respectively. Furthermore, PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly higher in the heliox group when compared with the air-oxygen group, 206.7 vs. 145.3. Nevertheless, CO2 showed better elimination when heliox was used, without significance. MWCA score dropped significantly in the heliox group, 2.2 points vs. 4.0 points in air-oxygen (p = 0.04), 2 h after starting the therapy. Conclusion: Transient improvement of oxygenation in infants with RSV acute bronchiolitis during the initial phase of the therapy is associated with heliox when provided with HFNC, may provide a precious time for other therapeutic agents to work or for the disease to resolve naturally, avoiding other aggressive interventions.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a hipótese de que o uso da mistura heliox resultaria em melhoria da troca gasosa quando usado com cânula nasal de alto fluxo em crianças com bronquiolite aguda por VSR. Métodos: Todos os pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão foram randomizados para receber a mistura heliox (70:30) ou a mistura ar/oxigênio a 30% por meio da cânula nasal de alto fluxo a 8 L/min por 24 horas contínuas. As medições foram feitas no início, depois de duas horas e ao fim de 24 horas. Resultados: Fizemos um estudo prospectivo em que foram incluídos 48 pacientes. Após duas horas de tratamento com a mistura heliox, a saturação de oxigênio e a PaO2 apresentaram melhoria significativa em comparação com o grupo da mistura ar/oxigênio: 98,3% em comparação com 92,9%, 62,0 mmHg em comparação com 43,6 mmHg (p = 0,04 e 0,01), respectivamente. Além disso, a relação PaO2/FiO2 era significativamente mais alta no grupo da mistura heliox do que no grupo da mistura ar/oxigênio, 2.067 em comparação com 1.453. Contudo, o CO2 apresentou melhor eliminação quando a mistura heliox foi usada, sem relevância. O Escore MWCA caiu significativamente no grupo da mistura heliox, 2,2 pontos em comparação com 4,0 pontos da mistura ar/oxigênio (p = 0,04) duas horas após o início da terapia. Conclusão: A breve melhoria da oxigenação em crianças com bronquiolite aguda por VSR na fase inicial da terapia está associada à mistura heliox quando administrada pela CNAF e poderá fornecer um tempo precioso para outros agentes terapêuticos funcionarem ou para a própria doença se curar naturalmente e evitar outras intervenções agressivas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Bronchiolitis, Viral/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Cannula , Helium/administration & dosage , Bronchiolitis, Viral/virology , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Desde el descubrimiento del virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS) en 1956, se ha demostrado en todo el mundo su impacto como el principal causante de infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) que requieren hospitalización en el lactante. Posteriormente se ha descrito que una inadecuada respuesta inmune favorece reinfecciones en la infancia. Más recientemente, numerosos trabajos epidemiológicos lo han asociado a IRAB en adultos, especialmente de tercera edad y en ciertos pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de la estructura y función de los diferentes componentes del VRS, lo que ha permitido facilitar su diagnóstico y avanzar en estrategias de desarrollo de antivirales y vacunas. En efecto, el diagnóstico de laboratorio de VRS es muy simple en niños, por su alta excreción viral, pero para demostrar su participación en adultos se requieren técnicas de alta sensibilidad. La patogenia de la infección es muy compleja y muchos aspectos todavía no se han aclarado. Intervienen factores dependientes del virus -cepa, dosis infectiva, capacidad del virus de inhibir la respuesta inmune- y del hospedero humano, como edad, enfermedades concomitantes, integridad del aparato inmune y otros. Se menciona que otros factores como frío, humedad ambiental, contaminación aérea, hacinamiento, también actuarían en combinación con los inicialmente mencionados. Es necesario conocer los mecanismos responsables de la adquisición de inmunidad contra el VRS para entender las estrategias usadas en el intento de desarrollar vacunas, cuyos esfuerzos son todavía infructuosos. Actualmente se conoce bastante del VRS como patógeno de niños. Sin embargo, cada día se documenta más su participación en enfermedades de adultos, por lo que haremos un resumen para promover su consideración como posible patógeno respiratorio.
Since respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified in 1956, its impact as the main cause of severe acute lower respiratory infections in infants has been shown. Studies about RSV immunopathogenesis have demonstrated that the host immune response is important in protecting from re-infections. The presence of RSV in exacerbation of chronic diseases as COPD and bronchial asthma in adults and its severity in cases with immunodeficiency has been also related to an inadequate response. The actual knowledge on the molecular structure and functions of the virus has allowed to improve diagnosis and to develop new strategies for vaccines and antiviral drugs. The etiologic diagnosis in children is easier than in adults due to the higher viral shedding; therefore techniques based on antibody reactions (immunofluorescence, immunocromatography, etc) are good enough in this group. By contrast, in adults, highly sensitive molecular techniques are needed. Although the advances in understanding the pathogenesis process in neonates and infants, many pathogenic factors still need to be elucidated. The virus strains, viral loads and immune response have been described as important players; however, the changes on the host immunity to RSV according to age and co-morbidities associated to severity of illness needs to be explored. RSV has been known as a children pathogen, nowadays this agent is being recognized as an important agent in adults, especially in those with chronic diseases, immunodeficiency and in immune-senescence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology , Viral Vaccines , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapyABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: The aim of this review was to address advances in management and treatment of acute viral bronchiolitis in infants. Sources: A systematic review search was made including all articles published in English between 2010 and 2017, and available in the electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and specialized register of the Acute Respiratory Infections Group (Cochrane review group). The following MESH terms in English were included, using different Boolean operators for the search strategy: "bronchiolitis, viral," "diagnosis," "epidemiology," "etiology," "therapy," "virology," "prevention and control," "respiratory syncytial virus, human." Additional filters were used. Summary of findings: Few effective interventions are recommended for the management of RSV bronchiolitis in young infants. The main goal is to ensure an adequate oxygen supplementation and fluid balance whenever deemed necessary. Hypertonic saline nebulization is helpful only for hospitalized infants. Numerous antiviral drugs and specific vaccines for RSV are under evaluation and foretell advances in disease management in the near future. Conclusion: A number of promising new technologies are advancing in the field. Until new interventions became feasible, early detection and modification of preventable risk factors is essential to improve outcomes.
Resumo Objetivo: Abordar avanços no manejo e no tratamento de bronquiolite viral aguda em neonatos. Fontes: Uma pesquisa de análise sistemática foi feita e incluiu todos os artigos publicados em inglês entre 2010 e 2017 e disponíveis nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, no Registro Central de Ensaios Controlados (Central) da Cochrane e no registro especializado do Grupo de Infecções Respiratórias Agudas (grupo de revisão Cochrane). Os seguintes termos MESH em inglês foram incluídos na abordagem com diferentes operadores booleanos para a estratégia de pesquisa: "bronquiolite, viral", "diagnóstico", "epidemiologia", "etiologia", "terapia", "virologia", "prevenção e controle", "vírus sincicial respiratório, humano". Foram usados filtros adicionais. Resumo dos achados: Poucas intervenções efetivas são recomendadas para o manejo da bronquiolite por VSR em neonatos jovens. O principal objetivo é garantir uma suplementação de oxigênio adequada e equilíbrio de fluidos sempre que considerado necessário. A nebulização de solução salina hipertônica ajuda apenas em casos de neonatos hospitalizados. Vários medicamentos antivirais e vacinas específicas contra VSR estão em fase de avaliação e predizem avanços no manejo da doença no futuro próximo. Conclusão: Várias novas tecnologias promissoras avançam no campo. Até que as novas intervenções se tornem viáveis, a detecção precoce e a modificação de fatores de risco de prevenção são fundamentais para melhorar os resultados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchiolitis, Viral/therapy , Bronchiolitis, Viral/virology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Infant, Newborn , Acute DiseaseABSTRACT
Introducción: en el Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR) durante los meses fríos, las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) determinan gran demanda asistencial. Para afrontarlas se pone en práctica una estrategia de diagnóstico y tratamiento denominada Plan de Invierno (PI), que se planifica anualmente, en función de las características de los pacientes tratados en años anteriores. Objetivos: describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los niños que requirieron admisión por IRAB en el HP-CHPR durante los meses fríos del 2012 y describir las principales acciones de la estrategia Plan Invierno del año 2012 (PI-2012). Metodología: se describieron las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los menores de 24 meses que egresaron del HP-CHPR, en el marco de la estrategia PI-2012, por IRAB de probable etiología viral. Se describió las principales acciones de la estrategia de diagnóstico y tratamiento realizada. Resultados: durante el PI-2012 egresaron 887 niños (25,5% de los egresos hospitalarios). La mediana de edad fue 4 meses. Menos de 10% tenía factores de riesgo para enfermedad grave. El virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) fue el más frecuentemente identificado. Se aplicó un protocolo de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se pusieron en práctica técnicas especiales de tratamiento en salas de cuidados moderados. Se aplicó ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en 87 niños, con éxito en 80% de los casos. Se realizó oxigenación de alto flujo (OAF) a 22 niños, con éxito en 100%. Requirieron ingreso a terapia intensiva (CTI) 149 niños, 55,7% requirió asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (AVM). Dos pacientes fallecieron en salas de cuidados moderados, cuatro en CTI. Conclusiones: las IRAB representaron una causa muy importante de morbimortalidad durante el período descripto. Los niños que requirieron ingreso hospitalario eran en su mayoría pequeños. Un porcentaje importante cursó una enfermedad grave, requiriendo modalidades especiales de tratamiento. Es importante continuar en la búsqueda de la mejor estrategia terapéutica para estos niños.
Introduction: during the colder months, acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) determine a considerable increase in the demand for care at the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital (HP-CHPR). In order to respond to such demand the hospital implements a diagnosis and treatment strategy called Winter Plan (WP), which is planned annually based on the characteristics of patients treated in previous years. Objectives: to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and evolution of children with ALRI who required hospitalization in the HP-CHPR during the cold months of 2012, and to describe the main actions of the 2012 Winter Plan strategy (2012 WP). Methodology: epidemiological, clinical and evolution characteristics of children under 24 months discharged from HP-CHPR within the 2012WP strategy were described. The strategy’s main action for diagnosis and treatment were described. Results: 887 children were discharged during the 2012 WP strategy, representing 25.5% of hospital discharges. Median age was 4 months. Less than 10% presented risk factors for severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most frequently identified virus. A protocol for diagnosis and treatment was applied. Special techniques for treatment were implemented in transitional care rooms. 87 children were administered non-invasive ventilation, which was successful in 80% of cases. High-flow oxygen was used in 22 children, being this successful in all patients. 149 children required admission to intensive care unit (ICU) , 55.7% needed mechanical ventilation assistance. Two patients died in the medium unit and four in the ICU. Conclusions: ALRI represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality during the period described . Most children who required hospitalization were young. A significant percentage presented a severe disease, requiring special treatment modalities. It is important to continue searching for the best therapeutic strategy for these children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/mortality , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Child, Hospitalized/statistics & numerical data , Acute Disease , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Uruguay , Cold Climate/adverse effects , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Objetivos: Investigar as características clínicas e observar a condução do tratamento assim como a evolução de lactentes hospitalizados por bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) em um hospital geral com níveis de complicações abaixo dos encontrados na literatura e detectar possíveis tratamentos de maior eficácia para esta população com base nestes dados. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo dos 5 últimos períodos epidêmicos de crianças com diagnóstico de BVA hospitalizadas.Foram excluídos lactentes > 2 anos que tenham sido hospitalizados previamente com história de sibilos ou com outro diagnóstico confirmado. Foram avaliadas características demográficas como idade,gênero, local de internação, tempo de hospitalização, necessidade de suporte ventilatório, tempo de oxigeno terapia, resultados da amostra do vírus sincicial respiratório e tratamentos utilizados. Resultados: Dos 70 lactentes avaliados, 3 foram excluídos do estudo. Dos 67lactentes, (98,5%) tinham menos de um ano de idade e 44(64,68%)eram < 6 meses. Todos os pacientes (100%) foram submetidos à fisioterapia respiratória, 5 (7,4%) necessitaram de internação em terapia intensiva, um necessitou de ventilação mecânica invasiva (1.5%) e 5(7.4%) de ventilação não invasiva com uma taxa de sucesso de 80%. Conclusão: A menor necessidade de internação em UTI, assim como de suporte ventilatório em relação aos dados descritos na literatura pode estar relacionada aos tratamentos adotados especialmente nas técnicas de fisioterapia empregadas nestes lactentes.
Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and observe the management and development of infants hospitalised for acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) in a general hospital with a level of complication below that found in the recorded literature as well as to investigate causes and more-effective techniques for the treatment of AVB. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the last 5 epidemic periods was evaluated for all patients whose diagnosis on admission was AVB. We excluded children > 2 years old, those who were previousl y hospitalised with a history of wheezing or those who had other confirmed diagnoses. We evaluated demographic characteristics such as age, gender, place of hospitalisation as well as the background, length of stay, need for ventilation support, duration of oxygen therapy, collection of respiratory virus and the treatments used. Results: Of 70 infants who were studied, 3 were excluded from the study. Sixty seven infants (98.5%) were included in the study and were < 1 year old; of these, 44 (64.68%) were younger than 6 months. All patients underwent chest physiotherapy; 5 (7.4%) required hospitalisationin the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), one (1.5%) required invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and 5 (7.4%) required non invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) with a success rate of 80%. Conclusion: The decreased need for PICU admission and ventilation support in relation to current data suggests that greater emphasis should be placed on therapeutic procedures and chest physiotherapy techniques to treat infants with AVB.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Bronchiolitis, Viral/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis, Viral/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Physical Therapy Modalities/classification , Physical Therapy Modalities/methods , Physical Therapy Modalities , Respiratory Therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Con el fin de objetivar el impacto de la infección por Virus Sincicial Respiratorio (VSR) se analizó una cohorte de prematuros (PT) atendidos en nuestro consultorio de seguimiento de alto riesgo (CSAR) entre los años 1998 y 2004. A par tir del año 2006 el Hospital incorpora el anticuerpo monoclonal Palivizumab (PVZ) para la profilaxis de VSR en esta población vulnerable. Objetivo: analizar el impacto de la profilaxis con PVZ en la población de lactantes PT con y sin displasia broncopulmonar (DBP). Población: PT atendidos en el CSAR del Hospital Garrahan entre los años 1998- 2004 y 2006-2010. Diseño y Método: estudio longitudinal y observacional mediante comparación de riesgo de hospitalización por VSR entre la cohor te retrospectiva que no recibió PVZ (SP) vs una cohor te prospectiva que recibió profilaxis (CP) Resultados: SP: 154 pacientes, CP: 99 pacientes. La tasa de internación en el grupo SP fue 26% (21% en el grupo sin DBP y 28% para el grupo con DBP); la tasa de internación en el grupo CP disminuyó a 6% (5% y 6,3% para los PT sin y con DBP). Estas diferencias resultaron significativas (RR 0,22 IC95% 0,10 a 0,51); el NNT (número necesario a tratar) fue de 5. Conclusiones: la incorporación de inmunoprofilaxis en este grupo de riesgo produjo un impor tante descenso de la tasa de internación. El impacto en nuestra población fue mayor que el repor tado, incluso en la población de pacientes mas graves como los lactantes con DBP...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/prevention & control , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/therapy , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Immunization/trends , Immunization , ArgentinaABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar se as concentrações dos mediadores inflamatórios (CCL5, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 [sICAM-1], TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-10) na secreção nasofaríngea e no soro de crianças com infecção do trato respiratório inferior (ITRI) por vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR) apresentam correlação com os marcadores clínicos de gravidade da doença. MÉTODOS: Entre julho de 2004 e dezembro de 2005, 30 crianças com idade inferior a três meses, diagnosticadas com ITRI por VSR e admitidas em uma UTI neonatal foram incluídas neste estudo. RESULTADOS: Houve uma correlação positiva significante entre a gravidade da doença na admissão hospitalar, determinada por um sistema de escore clínico modificado, e as concentrações de sICAM-1 e de IL-10 na secreção nasofaríngea e de IL-6 no soro dos pacientes. Houve também uma correlação positiva significante entre a concentração de IL-6 no soro e o tempo de oxigenoterapia e a duração da internação. CONCLUSÕES: As concentrações de sICAM-1 e IL-10 na secreção nasofaríngea e de IL-6 no soro determinadas na admissão poderiam ser usadas como marcadores de gravidade da ITRI por VSR. Os níveis de IL-6 determinados no soro na admissão também poderiam ser usados para predizer o prolongamento da oxigenoterapia e da duração da internação.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the concentrations of inflammatory mediators (CCL5, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 [sICAM-1], TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) in the nasopharyngeal secretion and in the serum of children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) correlate with the clinical markers of disease severity. METHODS: Between July of 2004 and December of 2005, 30 children less than three months of age, diagnosed with LRTI caused by RSV and admitted to a neonatal ICU, were included in this study. RESULTS: The severity of disease at hospital admission, as determined with a modified clinical scoring system, presented a significant positive correlation with sICAM-1 and IL-10 concentrations in the nasopharyngeal secretion, as well as with IL-6 concentrations in the serum, of the patients. In addition, serum IL-6 concentrations presented a significant positive correlation with the duration of oxygen therapy and with the length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: At hospital admission, the concentrations of sICAM-1 and IL-10 in the nasopharyngeal secretion, as well as the concentration of IL-6 in the serum, could be used as markers of severity in patients with LRTI caused by RSV. The serum levels of IL-6 determined at admission could also be used to predict prolonged oxygen supplementation and hospital stay.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Inflammation Mediators/analysis , Nasal Mucosa , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/blood , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood , /blood , /analysis , /blood , Length of Stay , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Patient Admission , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/blood , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/bloodABSTRACT
El Virus Respiratorio Sincicial (VRS) es hoy el virus respiratorio que más produce enfermedades respiratorias en niños, el que más origina hospitalizaciones y al que con más frecuencia se le atribuye una relación íntima con el asma. A pesar del mayor conocimiento, los esfuerzos para combatirlo han sido infructuosos. Hasta ahora, sabemos con certeza que cada año viene y al no existir una vacuna efectiva, no contar con drogas antivirales seguras, sólo nos queda prepararnos para lo peor.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity , Bronchial Hyperreactivity , Bronchiolitis/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis/epidemiology , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Immunologic Surveillance , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiologySubject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Bronchiolitis/epidemiology , Bronchiolitis/etiology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Prospective Studies , Respiratory SoundsABSTRACT
As infecções respiratórias agudas são importante causa de morbimortalidade em pediatria em todo o mundo, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. As infecções respiratórias são responsáveis por mais de 25 de todo o atendimento médico pediátrico ambulatorial e hospitalar e, em torno de 90 dessas infecções são relacionadas com agentes virais. O vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR)possui distribuição mundial e constitui a causa mais comum de pneumonia viral em crianças com menos de 5 anos de idade. A bronquiolite ou a pneumonia grave têm probabilidade elevada de ocorrência em lactantes com cerca de 6 semanas de idade, com incidência máxima aos 2 meses. A infecção pelo VSR em lactantes e crianças de mais idade resulta em infecção das vias respiratórias menos agressiva do que aquela observada em lactentes com menos de 6 meses de idade. No hemisfério setentrional, os surtos de infecção pelo VSR tendem a terseu pico no inverno. Nas regiões tropicais, as epidemias pelo VSR iniciamîse no outono e vão até a primavera. A reinfecção é freqüente, porém os sintomas resultantes são mais leves, envolvendo as vias aéreas superiores. Nesta revisão são abordados aspectos importantes das infecções respiratórias por VSR relativos às características do VSR, imunidade, transmissão, epidemiologia, clínica e patologia, prevenção, tratamento, e mortalidade
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapyABSTRACT
El objetivo de la presente comunicación breve fue determinar la incidencia de recién nacidos (RN) con infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) por virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS) que requirieron ventilación mecánica, las causas que motivaron la VM y algunas características clínicas y epidemiológicas del grupo. De los 150 RN hospitalizados por IRAB por VRS, 11 (7,3 por ciento) requirieron VM, en 10 de la causa de la VM fue apneas a repetición y en 1 insuficiencia respiratoria global más apnea. En promedio la edad de ingreso fue de 18,1 días, siendo los signos más frecuentes: tos (81,8 por ciento) y dificultad respiratoria (54,5 por ciento). Solo un paciente requirió PIM mayor de 35 cm H2O y solo dos requirieron FiO2 mayor de 0,4; el índice de oxigenación promedio fue de 5,5 y la duración de la VM fue de 3,5 ñ 2,8 días (1 a 11 días). La mediana de la duración de la hospitalización fue de 11 días; falleció un solo paciente. Concluimos que la necesidad de VM en RN con IRAB por VRS es de baja frecuencia (7,3 por ciento), siendo la principal causa de conexión los episodios de apnea, requiriendo, en general asistencia ventilatoria por un breve periodo
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity , Albuterol/therapeutic use , Apnea/etiology , Apnea/therapy , Incidence , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Respiratory syncycial virus (RSV) is the first cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in Chilean infants. A significant impact of nutrition on clinical course of these infections has been described. In order to analyze the association between nutritional status (NS) and clinical course of infants hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection due to RSV, 130 infants (mean age 5.8 +/- 4.9 m) without chronic diseases, admitted to hospital with confirmed RSV infection, were studied. Clinical course of disease was assessed (hospitalization days and days with oxygen therapy) according to nutritional status on admission (weight/length (W/L), ratio, arm muscle area, lymphocyte count and albumin), antropometrics changes, and hospital dietary intake. On admission prevalence of malnutrition by W/L (z score) was 1, 14 overweight and 8 were obese. Median value of hospitalization days was 5 d (2-29 d) and days receiving oxygen was 3 d (0-19 d). Longer admission were observed in fasted patients than in those who were fed everyday (Wilcoxon and Log-rank test, 8 d vs 5 d; P < 0.01). Obese children (Wilcoxon and Log-rank test, 5 d vs. 3d in normal patients; P < 0.05), and patients not fed enterally (Wilcoxon and Log-rank test, 7 d vs. 3 d; P < 0.01) required oxygen for longer time. Fasting and severity of illness (Tal score) were correlated variables (X2 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed an association of Tal score and NS on admission, with days receiving oxygen therapy. We conclude that obesity is a risk factor for worse clinical course of acute lower respiratory tract infection in Chilean infants with RSV infection and without chronic disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Lung Diseases , Nutritional Status , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human , Acute Disease , Child, Preschool , Chile , Infant , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Length of Stay , Lung Diseases , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiologyABSTRACT
As infecçöes agudas, causadas por vírus respiratórios säo as mais freqüentes da humanidade. Os vírus respiratórios comuns vêm sendo, progressivamente, mais implicados como causa de infecçöes respiratórias potencialmente graves em pacientes imunodeprimidos. O presente trabalho faz uma breve revisäo dos aspectos clínicoepidemiológicos de infecçöes respiratórias virais, enfatizando sua importância em pacientes com funçäo imune comprometida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Aged , HIV , Immunocompromised Host , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Antiviral Agents , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Con el objetivo de determinar la etiología de la infección respiratoria aguda baja en los recién nacidos hospitalizados en la Unidad de Neonatología y conocer algunas características epidemiológicas clínicas, de tratamiento y evolución, se estudiaron prospectivamente 260 recién nacidos hospitalizados por infección respiratoria aguda baja entre agosto de 1995 y septiembre de 1998. En 150 de ellos (57,7 por ciento) se aisló virus respiratorio sincicial mediante inmunofluorescencia y en dos de ellos se encontró asociación con virus parainfluenza. No se aisló adenovirus ni virus influenza A y B. El 80,5 por ciento correspondió a RN de término, sin predominio por sexo. El promedio de edad al ingreso fue de 19,3 días, siendo los síntomas más frecuentes tos (84,6 por ciento), dificultad respiratoria (66,7 por ciento), coriza (64,0 por ciento) y rechazo alimentario (58,8 por ciento). El manejo fue básicamente kinésico y con broncodilatadores. Menos de la mitad de los casos requirió oxigenoterapia y sólo el 7,3 por ciento necesitó ventilación mecánica. en el 55,4 por ciento de los RN se indicó antibióticos, suspendiéndose en el 66,7 por ciento de ellos al conocerse la etiología viral. La evolución clínica fue benigna con un promedio de estadía hospitalaria de 10,8 días y una letalidad de 0,67 por ciento. Se concluye que en los recién nacidos hospitalizados por infección respiratoria aguda baja predominó la etiología viral, aislándose virus respiratorio sincicial en todos los casos en que el examen de inmunofluorescencia fue positiva. La evolución fue sastisfactoria sin requerir el uso de antibióticos. Se observó además una muy baja tasa de infección intrahospitalaria con las estrictas medidas de aislamiento implementadas y reforzadas especialmente durante los meses de invierno y primavera
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Infant, Newborn , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Breathing Exercises , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Cough , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapyABSTRACT
The grouping characteristics of 29 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) present in nasopharyngeal cells collected from hospitalized children with bronchiolitis during the 1990 RSV season in Porto Alegre, RS, were analysed. Twenty-two were grouped as belonging to group A and 7 to group B. Cyanosis, oxygen therapy, cough, length of hospitalization and atelectasis were observed to be more frequently found within group B infected children. Other clinical signs and symptoms were similarly found in both groups