ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify and analyze factors associated with plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels in trauma victims with progression to rhabdomyolysis. Methods: we conducted a prospective, longitudinal study, with 50 patients submitted to the "Red Wave" protocol, with evolution to rhabdomyolysis after hospital admission. We studied the variables age, gender, trauma scores, mechanism and outcome, CPK at admission and final, intervals of days between laboratory evaluations, surgery and complications. We stratified CPK values in <500U/L, ≥500 - <1000 U/L, and ≥1000U/L, with calculation of the difference between the initial and final values. Results: at admission, 83% of patients (n=39) had CPK≥1000U/L, with predominance of blunt trauma and thoracic injury (p<0.05), as well as orthopedic fracture, acute renal failure and gastrointestinal bleeding, CPK being lower in those without acute renal injury, with a trend towards statistical significance. There were no differences in final CPK stratification. Factors that were independently associated with the greater CPK variation were, positively, hospitalization time greater than one week and compartment syndrome, and negatively, acute renal injury. Conclusion: the CPK level of 1000U/L remains the lower limit, with importance for early intervention in worsening conditions such as digestive hemorrhage, acute renal injury and compartment syndrome, which implied greater absolute differences between initial and final CPK, in addition to blunt trauma, thoracic injury and orthopedic fracture.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar e analisar fatores associados à variação dos níveis plasmáticos de creatina fosfoquinase (CPK) em vítimas de trauma com evolução à rabdomiólise. Métodos: estudo longitudinal prospectivo, com 50 pacientes que seguiram para o protocolo "Onda Vermelha", com evolução à rabdomiólise, após admissão hospitalar. Foram estudadas as variáveis: idade, sexo, escores, mecanismo e desfecho de trauma, CPK na admissão e final, intervalos de dias entre as avaliações laboratoriais, realização de cirurgia e complicações. Os valores da CPK foram estratificados em <500U/L; ≥500 - <1000 U/L; ≥1000U/L, com cálculo da diferença entre os valores inicial e final. Resultados: à admissão, 83% dos pacientes (n=39) apresentavam CPK≥1000U/L, com predomínio de trauma contuso e lesão torácica (p<0,05), além de fratura ortopédica, lesão renal aguda e hemorragia digestiva, sendo que a CPK era menor naqueles sem lesão renal aguda, com tendência à significância estatística. Não houve diferenças na estratificação por CPK final. Fatores que se revelaram independentemente associados à maior variação da CPK foram, positivamente, o tempo de internação superior a uma semana e síndrome compartimental, e negativamente, lesão renal aguda. Conclusão: como achado, nível de CPK de 1000U/L permanece como limite inferior, com importância à intervenção precoce em condições de agravamento do quadro, como hemorragia digestiva, lesão renal aguda e síndrome compartimental, que implicaram maiores diferenças absolutas entre CPK inicial e final, além do trauma contuso, lesão torácica e fratura ortopédica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Rhabdomyolysis/etiology , Rhabdomyolysis/blood , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Wounds and Injuries/blood , Creatine Kinase/blood , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
The rosuvastatin inducing rhabdomyolysis in McArdle disease (MD) has not been reported to date. A 35-years-old man had exercise intolerance, muscular fatigue and cramps during physical activity since infancy. He presented severe rhabdomyolysis episode with seizure and coma after use of rosuvastatin. The investigation showed increased serum creatinekinase levels and the forearm ischemic exercise did not increased venous lactate. The muscle biopsy showed subsarcolemmal and central acummulation of glycogen and absence of the myophosphorylase enzyme. The statin induced myopathy is discussed and the danger of its use in MD is emphasized.
Rosuvastatina induzindo rabdomiólise na doença de McArdle (MD) não foi relatada até o momento. Descrevemos o caso de um homem de 35 anos que desde a infância apresentava sintomas de intolerância aos exercícios, fadiga muscular e cãibras durante o esforço físico, porém após o uso de rosuvastatina apresentou episódio de rabdomiólise com crises convulsivas e coma. A investigação mostrou creatinoquinase sérica elevada e teste do esforço isquêmico sem aumento no lactato venoso. A biópsia muscular revelou acúmulo central e subsarcolemal de glicogênio nas fibras e ausência da enzima miofosforilase. Discutimos as estatinas induzindo miopatia, enfatizando o risco do seu uso na MD.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Fluorobenzenes/adverse effects , Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/drug therapy , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Pyrimidines/adverse effects , Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced , Sulfonamides/adverse effects , Fluorobenzenes/therapeutic use , Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/blood , Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/pathology , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Rhabdomyolysis/blood , Rhabdomyolysis/pathology , Sulfonamides/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Administration of simvastatin (80 mg/kg, po. evening dose) and gemfibrozil (600 mg/kg, po twice) for 30 days produced significant decrease in the level of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and increase in the level of lipid peroxidation and various serum parameters (creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen). This suggested involvement of oxidative stress in rhabdomyolysis. Increase in the level of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation and serum parameters after administration of antioxidant CoQ10 (10 mg/kg.ip) proved the protective effect of CoQ10 in rhabdomyolysis.