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1.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 43(1): 27-30, mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1437159

ABSTRACT

La muerte siempre ha generado desconcierto, por lo que acompañar en este proceso de final de vida conlleva un alto compromiso existencial. Si a esta difícil tarea se le agregan los condicionantes hospitalarios o legales que sufren los enfermos en su agonía, estamos ante una muerte aterradora, muy distante de una partida que pueda ser considerada amorosa. Como sabemos, la palabra "clínica" hace referencia a la práctica de atender al pie de la cama del paciente, aliviando el dolor del que está por partir; sin embargo, el "corsé legal" de la muerte está alejando al médico de aquel que debiera recibir toda su atención y sus cuidados, atándole el brazo para acompañarlo en el buen morir. Deberíamos debatir y acordar una estrategia que enriquezca la experiencia del momento final de la vida, de modo que ese conjunto acotado de pacientes pueda elegir su forma de partir. Es de un valor incalculable despertar la compasión en este tema tan importante que preocupa al ser humano desde los inicios de la civilización. Sería muy fructífero que aprovechemos la transmisión de sabiduría de siglos de antiguas culturas que han sabido cuidar con humildad la vida hasta el instante de morir. (AU)


Death has always implied confusion, so accompanying this end-of-life process entails a highexistential commitment. If we add to this difficult task the hospital or legal constraints suffered bypatients in their agony, we are facing a terrifying death, very far from a departure that can be considered a loving one. As we know, the word "clinical" refers to the practice of caring for the patient very close to the bed, alleviating the pain of whom is about to leave; however, the "legal corset" of death is separating the doctor from the one who should receive all his attention and care, preventing him from accompanying the pacient in his/her good dying. We should discuss and agree on a strategy that enriches the experience of the end of life, so that patients could choose the way to leave. It is of incalculable value to awaken compassion on this important issue that has concerned human since the beggining of civilization. It would be very fruitful if we take advantage of the enormous wisdom of ancient cultures that have humbly cared for life until the moment of death. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Terminal Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Attitude to Death , Terminally Ill/legislation & jurisprudence , Death , Palliative Care/psychology , Argentina , Terminal Care/psychology , Terminally Ill/psychology , Patient Preference/psychology
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(1): 48-53, feb. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125037

ABSTRACT

Es frecuente que familiares directos soliciten la suspensión de soporte vital, en particular de la hidratación y nutrición asistidas, en pacientes con estado vegetativo o de mínima conciencia permanente, y que recurran a la justicia en caso de desacuerdo. Dos casos recientes de suspensión, uno del exterior y otro argentino, autorizados por los tribunales respectivos, han sido motivo de controversia. Si bien puede parecer inhumano dejar de alimentar e hidratar, continuar haciéndolo solo prolonga un estado de supervivencia biológica irreversible. Las familias tienden a aceptar la suspensión si el paciente se mantiene sin cambios. Sin embargo, persiste preocupación por el posible sufrimiento desde la suspensión hasta la muerte, aunque el mismo es poco concebible en ausencia de función cortical y de conciencia. Si bien médicos y profanos consideran ético suspender el soporte vital, una cierta proporción de médicos considera que en el estado vegetativo, o más aún, en mínima conciencia, efectivamente se experimenta hambre, sed y dolor. En países como el Reino Unido, se han propuesto criterios de suspensión de soporte vital, y esquemas de tratamiento para el malestar durante el período de suspensión, aunque su beneficio efectivo es controvertido. La Argentina cuenta con recomendaciones de dos sociedades científicas, pero no con criterios reglamentados. Pero tanto la Ley 26.742 de "muerte digna" como el Código Civil consienten la suspensión del soporte vital en el estado vegetativo o de mínima conciencia, si se acompaña de medidas de alivio de los síntomas clínicos que puedan significar sufrimiento.


Patient relatives often request withdrawal of life support, especially artificial nutrition and hydration, in cases of permanent vegetative or minimally conscious state, and resort to court in case of disagreement. Two recent cases of withdrawal authorized by the courts concerned, one from abroad and one from Argentina, have been controversial. Although it may appear inhuman to stop feeding and hydrating such patients, to continue it only prolongs a state of irreversible biological subsistence. Families tend to increasingly accept withdrawal if the patient status remains unchanged. However, concern persists regarding the suffering that patients may undergo from onset of withdrawal till death, even though such suffering is little conceivable in the absence of cortical function and conscience content. While doctors and the layman consider ethical to withdraw life support, a nonnegligible proportion of doctors consider that vegetative state patients, even more minimally conscious state patients, do experience hunger, thirst and pain. In some countries, like the United Kingdom, strict withdrawal criteria were proposed, together with pharmacological treatment schemes for the distress arising during the withdrawal period, even though its benefit is controversial. In Argentina, two scientific societies have publicly advocated withdrawal, but not issued formal guidelines. In any case, both "dignified death" Law 26.742 and the Civil Code consent withdrawal of life support, if accompanied by appropriate relief of clinical symptoms indicating suffering.


Subject(s)
Humans , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Persistent Vegetative State , Withholding Treatment/legislation & jurisprudence , Life Support Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Argentina
4.
Inmanencia (San Martín, Prov. B. Aires) ; 6(1): 159-164, 2017.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1023565

ABSTRACT

Las directivas anticipadas constituyen una oferta relativamente reciente. La novedad, genera dudas diversas en la esfera asistencial. Se duplica el artículo, publicado el 23 de junio de 2016 en la Revista Microjuris(MJ-DOC-9927-AR | MJD9927) y basado en la disertación que efectuará el autor el 6 de agosto de 2015 en la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales (UNLP) durante el Seminario intensivo Bioética y nuevo Código Civil y Comercial Argentino


Subject(s)
Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Advance Directives , Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(4): 483-487, abr. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-787119

ABSTRACT

This paper reviews the sentences dictated between 1993 and 2002 by the Supreme Courts of Canada and the Unites States, the House of Lords and Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the European Human Rights Court, about the validity of the legal prohibition of assistance for suicide. These sentences constituted a judicial consensus about the right to die. This consensus recognized the legal right of patients to reject medical treatments but did not recognize the right to be assisted by a physician to commit suicide. This exclusion is changing in the recent case law of Canada and the United Kingdom, which accepts the fundamental right of terminal patients to medically assisted suicide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Suicide, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Jurisprudence , United States , Canada , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Treatment Refusal/legislation & jurisprudence , Terminally Ill/legislation & jurisprudence , Personal Autonomy , Supreme Court Decisions , United Kingdom
6.
Córdoba; s.n; 2016. 70 p. graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-983032

ABSTRACT

La sedación en la agonía (S.A) resulta una práctica profesional aplicable a todos aquellos enfermos que en pocos días u horas irremediablemente transitan el camino hacia la muerte y que por otro lado, presentan síntomas molestos e incontrolables de diverso orden, tales como dolor insoportable, disnea severa, desasosiego o hemorragias. Su aplicabilidad está demostrada y avalada por asociaciones de cuidados paliativos del orden nacional e internacional y su alcance llega a todos los individuos con enfermedades crónicas, progresivas, incurables y en fase terminal, de todas las edades, en quienes los intentos por aliviar síntomas molestos no ha cumplido su cometido, habiendo llevado de modo previo medidas habituales o progresivas para el control de las manifestaciones desagradables, que producen disconfort e indignidad a la hora de morir. En base a los principios extraídos de la deontología médica y de la bioética, que regulan las praxis profesionales, la S.A ha de aplicarse siempre sobre las bases de la refractariedad del síntoma, la definición inequívoca de terminalidad de la enfermedad, sustentándose en sólidas bases de la relación médico paciente, respetando a ultranza el consentimiento informado y apoyándose por fin en el acabado conocimiento de farmacocinética y dinámica de los medicamentos empleados durante su aplicación. Existen controversias y sensaciones desencontradas en la sociedad respecto de la superposición de la técnica de S.A, con formas de eutanasia (pasiva- activa-slow eutanasia), sin embargo la práctica bien entendida y argumentada da por resultado una sensación de “buen morir” y de respeto por la dignidad del ser sufriente. Toda vez que el paciente agónico, en ejercicio de su autonomía lo requiera, la técnica puede y debe ser aplicada


ABSTRACT: The sedation in the agony (S.A) turns out to be a professional practice applicable to all those patients that in a few days or hours irremediably travel the way towards the death and that on the other hand, they present troublesome and uncontrollable symptoms, of diverse order such as unbearable pain, severe difficulty in breathing, uneasiness or hemorrhages. His applicability is demonstrated and supported by associations of taken care palliative of national and international order and his scope comes to all the individuals with chronic, progressive, incurable diseases and in terminal phase, of all the ages, in whom the attempts for relieving troublesome symptoms it has not fulfilled his assignment having led to forward the habitual or progressive measures for the control of the disagreeable manifestations, which produce Indignity at the moment of dying.On the basis of the principles extracted from the medical business ethics and from the bioética, which regulate the professional practices, the S.A it has to be applied always on the bases of the refractariedad of the symptom, the unequivocal definition of terminalidad of the disease, being sustained in solid bases of the relation medical patient, respecting extreme the informed assent and resting finally on the finished knowledge of farmacocinética and dynamics of the medicines used during his application


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Child , Bioethical Issues/legislation & jurisprudence , Child , Euthanasia , Right to Die , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Argentina
11.
Córdoba; s.n; 2014. 84 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-750202

ABSTRACT

Los avances científicos y técnicos en el campo de la medicina y de la biología impactan fuertemente en la sociedad, de manera que el derecho no puede permanecer ajeno. El derecho es más que el conjunto de normas jurídicas y leyes que reglan la relación entre las personas: es vida, libertad, dignidad, cultura. Vida y libertad por cuanto guía y tutela a la persona desde su concepción hasta que muerte. Su esencia no es más que la dignidad humana donde reside la importancia del hombre. Cultura dado que debe prestar atención a los cambios sociales para adecuar el orden jurídico a las nuevas problemáticas que plantea la sociedad. De allí nuestro interés a fin de que se incorporen a nuestro derecho positivo reglas que permitan a personas mayores de edad, en pleno uso de sus facultades mentales formular disposiciones anticipadas a efectos de plasmar instrucciones sobre el cuidado de su persona, atención médica que desea recibir o no, en situaciones que por su vejez o enfermedad sobreviniente no pudiera expresarse por sí misma. La vejez es el último ciclo existencial, que nos anticipa la llegada de la muerte, por ello aspiramos para nuestros mayores una retirada digna. Fortaleza de espíritu que les permita aceptar las limitaciones que nos traen los años, dejando atrás con sabiduría los hábitos conductuales que no coinciden con nuestra situación, con plena conciencia que debemos dejar el espacio a la generación que nos sigue. En respuesta a este requerimiento la Ley Nacional N° 26.742 ha dado solución a la cuestión que nos inquieta. Estimamos que satisface la necesidad del disponente, libera al profesional interviniente de responsabilidad siempre que se conduzca dentro de los parámetros reglados y a los familiares a cargo del paciente de toda preocupación por su atención. No podemos desconocer, que el derecho, sólo será derecho positivo en la medida que sus normas regulen los procedimientos para su aplicación...


The scientific and technical advances in the field of medicine and biology have a strongly impact in the society, so the law cannot remain away stay aside. The law right is more than the set of juridical procedures and laws that rule the relations between the persons: it is life, freedom, dignity, culture. Life and freedom are the because it guides and guardianship protects to the person from his conception until he dies to death. His essence is not more than the human dignity where the importance of the man humankind resides. Culture since it has to should pay attention to the social changes to adapt the legal system to the new problematic that the society have presents. Therefore our interest in order to be incorporated new rules into our positive law rules that enables older people seniors, in full possession of his mental faculties, to formulate in advance directives in order to leave instructions on the care of his person, to receive medical care or not, in situations which where bye due to their age or supervening disease they could not express itself by themselves. Old age is the last cycle of life, where we anticipate the coming of death, so our best hope we wish for our old people a dignified retreat. The strength of mind that allows them to accept the limitations that bring the years, with wisdom to leave behavioral habits that do not match our situation, with the knowledge that we must leave the space for the next generation. In response to this request the National Law N:26.742 which modify to modifies the Law Nº:26529 and Provincial Law Nº: 10.058 have resolved the issue that troubled the society. We estimate that satisfies the need of disposal, leave free frees the intervening professional intervening whenever the conduct matches the regulated parameters and to the dependents that take care of the patient from worries for concerning the right attention...


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Attitude to Death , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Aged Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Services for the Aged , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Argentina
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(9): 2691-2698, Set. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-684677

ABSTRACT

O artigo se propõe a refletir acerca da legalidade da manifestação antecipada de vontade, instituída no Brasil por meio da Resolução nº. 1.995/12 do Conselho Federal de Medicina, em face da omissão legislativa e considerando a possível vinculação dos médicos e familiares de pacientes terminais ao Testamento Vital. Analisa a constitucionalidade dessas diretivas e, por conseguinte, a constitucionalidade da própria Resolução à luz do novo paradigma constitucional brasileiro.


The article seeks to reflect on the legality of the early manifestation of will, established in Brazil through Resolution No. 1.995/12 of the Federal Council of Medicine in the face of the legislative omission and considering the possible linkage of physicians and relatives of terminally ill patients in drafting the Last Will and Testament. It examines the constitutionality of these policies and, therefore, the constitutionality of the resolution itself in light of the new Brazilian constitutional paradigm.


Subject(s)
Humans , Advance Directives/legislation & jurisprudence , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil
13.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-143489

ABSTRACT

Euthanasia and its procedure have long history of locking horns as a vexed issue with laws of countries across the world. Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his/her own body. It is unlawful to administer treatment to an adult who is conscious and of sound mind, without his consent. In patients with Permanently Vegetative State (PVS) and no hope of improvement, the distinction between refusing life saving medical treatment (passive euthanasia) and giving lethal medication is logical, rational, and well established. It is ultimately for the Court to decide, as parens patriae, as to what is in the best interest of the patient. An erroneous decision not to terminate results in maintenance of the status quo; the possibility of subsequent developments such as advancements in medical science, the discovery of new evidence regarding the patient’s intent, changes in the law, or simply the unexpected death of the patient despite the administration of life-sustaining treatment, at least create the potential that a wrong decision will eventually be corrected or its impact mitigated.


Subject(s)
Euthanasia, Passive/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia, Passive/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India , Medical Futility/legislation & jurisprudence , Quality of Life , Persistent Vegetative State , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Withholding Treatment/legislation & jurisprudence
15.
Córdoba; s.n; 2012. 303 p.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-715883

ABSTRACT

Nuestra tesis recae sobre "El Derecho a la Calidad de Vida y la Dignidad de los Enfermos Terminales" desde la bioética de los Derechos Humanos. Esta temática reviste significativa actualidad en el horizonte jurídico y bioético nacional e internacional. Su especial complejidad, impide pueda ser abordado si no es desde una óptica multidimensional enriquecido por el aporte de la interdisciplina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bioethics/trends , Right to Die/ethics , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Human Rights/psychology , Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Bioethical Issues/legislation & jurisprudence , Argentina
16.
Rev. colomb. bioét ; 3(2)dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616089

ABSTRACT

Se está planteando legislar en varios países latinoamericanos sobre las voluntades anticipadas. La confusión entre algunas situaciones clínicas –rechazo de tratamientos, limitación de tratamientos, peticiones de eutanasia- lleva a algunos al rechazo sin más de las voluntades anticipadas, o impulsa a otros a defenderlas como “paso previo” a una legalización de la eutanasia. Ambas posiciones están erradas a nuestro parecer, y hay que entender la declaración anticipada de voluntades como un paso más en la profundización del proceso de consentimiento informado, especialmente en Atención Primaria, sin convertirlas en un documento más para toma de decisiones médicas en situaciones críticas.


Subject(s)
Bioethical Issues , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Advance Directives/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethics, Clinical , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Informed Consent , Living Wills
18.
Dolor ; 15(45): 26-32, sep. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677745

ABSTRACT

El progreso de la ciencia médica y sus efectos sobre el ser humano encuentran en la muerte un límite ético a sus posibilidades. El progreso médico, en ocasiones, se opone a los derechos de los pacientes, apareciendo la eutanasia como uno de sus principales conflictos. La discusión bioética debe resolver el dilema sobre permitir o no la muerte de todo paciente terminal que así lo desee. Algunas legislaciones han permitido la eutanasia, basadas en la autonomía del paciente, cuando aparecen situaciones que no permiten una buena calidad de vida en pacientes que padecen enfermedades terminales. El propósito de este artículo es realizar un análisis acerca de la eutanasia con el objetivo de clarificar los conceptos, sus aspectos bioéticos y realizar un análisis del proyecto de ley que pretende aprobar la eutanasia en Chile, encontrándose en dicho proyecto muchas contradicciones dentro del mismo y en relación con la legislación chilena en general.


The progress of medical science and their effect on the human being find in the death the ethical limits to their possibilities. The medical science, sometimes, opposes to the patients rights, so appear the euthanasia like one of these principals' troubles. The bioethics discussion must to resolve the question about to permit the possibilities of death to all terminals patients who don't want to continue with their lives. Some legislation has permitted the euthanasia based on autonomy of the patients when some situation doesn't permit one well quality of life in patients with terminal illness. The purpose of this paper is to make an analysis about the euthanasia with the object to clarify some concepts, their bioethical aspects and to analyze the Chilean project of law which pretends to regulate the euthanasia, finding many contradictions inside the project and in their relation with the Chilean legislation in general.


Subject(s)
Humans , Right to Die/ethics , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia/classification , Euthanasia/ethics , Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia/psychology , Patient Rights/classification , Patient Rights/ethics , Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Bioethical Issues/legislation & jurisprudence , Suicide, Assisted/classification , Suicide, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Suicide, Assisted/psychology
19.
Cad. saúde pública ; 22(8): 1741-1748, ago. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-430939

ABSTRACT

Este artigo discute um caso específico de recusa de obstinação terapêutica para um bebê de oito meses, portador de Amiotrofia Espinhal Progressiva Tipo I, uma doença genética incurável, degenerativa e com curto prognóstico médico de sobrevida. Os pais buscaram suporte judicial para garantir que o bebê não fosse compulsoriamente submetido a mecanismos de respiração artificial, caso apresentasse paradas cardiorrespiratórias durante atendimento hospitalar. O bebê foi a óbito por parada cardíaca uma semana após a decisão favorável da Justiça. A solicitação dos pais à Justiça foi pela garantia do direito de recusar procedimentos médicos que não modificariam o quadro clínico do bebê, em especial a ventilação artificial. O caso chegou à Justiça recentemente, ocasião em que participei do processo fornecendo assessoria bioética. Este artigo é uma versão modificada do relatório ético apresentado à Justiça.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Male , Parental Consent , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood , Treatment Refusal/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Right to Die , Treatment Refusal
20.
Cad. saúde pública ; 22(8): 1749-1754, ago. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-430940

ABSTRACT

Este estudo destaca mudanças ocorridas no Ocidente, inclusive no Brasil, em decorrência da substituição do princípio do paternalismo pelo consentimento livre e esclarecido nas relações biomédicas, com destaque para a integração da autonomia como princípio inerente à dignidade humana. O respeito à autonomia, à autodeterminação pessoal é a base para a suspensão de esforço terapêutico dos usuários dos serviços de saúde com capacidade preservada. Por suspensão de esforço terapêutico compreende-se não iniciar ou suspender terapia iniciada, não ressuscitar nos casos de parada cardiorrespiratória, não submeter o doente à ventilação mecânica, alimentação e hidratação artificiais contra a sua vontade, que pode ser instante ou manifestada em diretivas antecipadas. Os médicos e demais profissionais de saúde têm o dever de respeitar a autonomia do usuário, inclusive para lhe dar alta "a pedido", deixando que a morte ocorra no local, no tempo e em companhia de quem o doente quiser. O usuário dos serviços de saúde tem o direito de estar só e de morrer só, de estar acompanhado e de morrer entre os seus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Personal Autonomy , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Treatment Refusal/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil
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