Assessment of thyroid disorders in patients with rosacea: a large case-control study

Abstract Background: The frequency of autoimmune diseases and thyroid cancer has been increasingly reported in association with rosacea. However, studies investigating thyroid diseases in rosacea are scarce with conflicting results. Objective: To investigate the relationship between thyroid disorders and rosacea. Methods: A large case-control study on ageand gender-matched 2091 rosacea patients and 9572 controls was conducted. Rosacea patients using the rosacea-specific ICD codes were compiled from the hospital records. Additionally, all participants were evaluated in terms of the presence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to compute case-control odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The analysis comprehended 2091 rosacea patients (1546 female, 545 male; mean 48.73 ± 14.53 years) and 9572 controls (7009 female, 2563 male; mean 48.73 ± 15.1 years). Whereas the rate of hypothyroidism was significantly higher in rosacea patients (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.13-1.49, p < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the rate of hyperthyroidism between the groups (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.81-1.53, p = 0.497). Stratification for gender revealed a significant association between hypothyroidism and rosacea in females (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.1-1.47, p = 0.002) and males (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.04-2.4, p = 0.032). The frequency of hypothyroidism in rosacea patients increased towards the age range of 40-49 and then decreased, parallel with the hypothyroidism frequency of the study population. Study limitations: Different subtypes and severities of rosacea were not distinguished. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism may be a comorbidity of rosacea and investigation for hypothyroidism may be appropriate when evaluating rosacea patients.

Severe Papulopustular Rosacea with Demodicosis in a 47-year-old Filipino female: A case report

Introduction@# Rosacea is a chronic relapsing inflammatory facial dermatosis often characterized by flare-ups and remissions exclusively affecting the centrofacial skin.@*Case report@#This is a case of multiple symmetric intensely erythematous papules, pustules, and plaques over both cheeks in a 47-year-old Filipino female. Dermoscopy showed brown-yellowish structureless areas, straight vessels in a polygonal pattern, dilated follicles, follicular plugs, ill-defined white rosettes, and non-specific scales. Skin punch biopsy showed spongiosis of the epidermis and demodex folliculorum within the follicular infundibulum. The dermis revealed telangiectasia of blood vessels and dense inflammatory infiltrates. Hypertrophy of sebaceous lobules was also seen. The patient was initially treated with oral lymecycline 300mg twice a day for 2 weeks without improvement. Due to the persistence of centrofacial erythema, papules and pustules, the patient was given prednisone 10mg once a day for 1 month and low dose isotretinoin 10mg once a day for 8 months which resulted in significant decrease in erythema and number of existing lesions. To further decrease the inflammation con- tributed by demodex mites, permethrin 5% cream twice a day for 1 month was applied. Long-pulsed Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) 1064 nm laser for a total of 10 sessions together with Isotretinoin 10 mg every other day effectively maintained remission for 1 year and 5 months. Gentle skin care measures, sunscreen, metronidazole 0.75% cream once a day, and desonide 0.05% cream twice a day for 1 week in cases of acute flares were maintained during the treatment course.@*Conclusion@#An armamentarium of topical and oral antibiotics, corticosteroids, isotretinoin and non-ablative long-pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser showed significant improvement in the inflammatory papules, pustules, and centrofacial erythema of rosa- cea and proves to be beneficial in the maintenance of its long-term remission.

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: when a rare skin disease involves the eyelid / Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: quando uma rara dermatose acomete a pálpebra

ABSTRACT The authors present a case of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei , a rare skin disease of unknown etiology, which may cause unaesthetic scarring due to its difficult treatment. The histopathological examination of epithelioid granulomas with caseating necrosis, together with the clinical features, are important for diagnosis and early treatment with better results. Despite difficult and unsatisfactory treatment, there are ongoing studies on therapy to improve aesthetic and social impairment. This case report describes an initial misdiagnosis delaying appropriate treatment, and highlights the value of physical examination and clinical judgment for another pathological examination, whenever necessary, aiming at better treatment outcomes in daily practice.

RESUMO Os autores apresentam um caso de lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei , uma dermatose rara, de etiologia desconhecida, que pode deixar cicatrizes não estéticas, pela dificuldade de tratamento. O exame histopatológico de granulomas compostos por células epitelioides, com necrose caseosa, e as características clínicas, são importantes para o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, com melhores resultados. Apesar do tratamento difícil e insatisfatório, há estudos em andamento sobre terapias para melhorar o comprometimento estético e social. Este relato de caso descreve um diagnóstico inicial errôneo, que atrasou o tratamento adequado, e destaca o valor do exame físico e raciocínio clínico para solicitar outro exame anatomopatológico, quando necessário, de forma a obter melhores desfechos com o tratamento, na prática diária.

Case for diagnosis. Eyelid edema and erythematous papules disseminated on the face

Abstract Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei or acne agminata is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin, considered an intriguing entity due to its pathogenesis, which is still largely speculative. It has been linked to tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, rosacea, and other granulomatous diseases, but it is considered an independent entity.

Consensus on the therapeutic management of rosacea - Brazilian Society of Dermatology

Abstract Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, relatively more frequent in women over 30 with a low phototype and proven genetic predisposition. Although its etiology is unknown and possibly multifactorial, the immunological abnormality, associated with neurovascular dysregulation and triggering factors, are important elements in its pathophysiology, which lead to the main changes of inflammation, vasodilation, and angiogenesis that are responsible for the clinical manifestations. Despite the lack of cure, numerous therapeutic options are available for the different clinical presentations of the disease, with satisfactory responses. Objective: To reach a consensus, with recommendations from experts, on the therapeutic management of rosacea suitable to the Brazilian setting. Methods: The study was conducted by five specialized dermatologists from university centers, representatives of the different Brazilian regions, with experience in rosacea, who were appointed by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology. Based on the adapted DELPHI methodology, the experts contributed through an updated bibliographic review of the scientific evidence, combined with personal experiences. Results: The group of experts reached a consensus on the relevant aspects in the therapeutic management of rosacea, providing information on epidemiology, pathophysiology, triggering factors, clinical condition, classification, quality of life, and comorbidities. Consensus was defined as approval by at least 90% of the panel. Conclusion: Despite the impossibility of cure, there are several therapeutic alternatives specific to each patient that provide excellent results, with chances of total improvement and long periods of remission, promoting a positive impact on quality of life. This consensus provides detailed guidance for clinical practice and therapeutic decisions in rosacea.

Cuidados dermocosméticos no tratamento da rosácea: uma revisão da literatura sobre as perspectivas mundiais / Dermocosmetic care in the treatment of rosea: a review of the literature on world perspectives

Introdução: a rosácea é uma doença inflamatória de pele, de etiologia desconhecida. Apresenta-se na região centro-facial, com a presença de rubor, eritema, telangiectasias, pápulas e pústulas, periódicas ou persistentes. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa de estudos envolvendo os cuidados dermocosméticos no tratamento da rosácea. Metodologia: as buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e PubMed. A pesquisa envolveu artigos de revistas e periódicos, monografias e dissertações em português, inglês e francês, publicadas entre os anos de 2014 a 2020. Resultados: a pele dos pacientes com rosácea é suscetível a irritabilidade, logo, é necessário uma série de cuidados diários com a pele desde a limpeza, hidratação, proteção solar, que possibilitam efeitos calmantes que melhoram a qualidade da pele. Conclusão: devido à natureza multifatorial da doença não há tratamento padronizado. Logo, os profissionais envolvidos nos cuidados desses pacientes devem esclarecer aos pacientes sobre as ações e cuidados necessários para o uso das terapêuticas, incluindo os dermocosméticos.

Introduction: rosacea, erythema, telangiectasias, papules and pustules, periodic or persistent. Objective: the objective of this work is to carry out a narrative bibliographic review of studies involving dermocosmetic care in the treatment of rosacea. Methodology: Searches were carried out in the databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and PubMed. The research involved magazine and periodical articles, monographs and dissertations in Portuguese, English and French, published between 2014 and 2020. Results: the skin of patients with rosacea is susceptible to irritability, therefore, a series of daily care is necessary with the skin from cleansing, hydration, sun protection, which enable calming effects that improve the quality of the skin. Conclusion: due to the multifactorial nature of the disease, there is no standardized treatment. Therefore, the professionals involved in the care of these patients must inform patients about the actions and care necessary for the use of therapies, including dermocosmetics.

Manifestaciones clínicas y evolución a largo plazo de tres casos de rosácea ocular atendidos en un hospital de alta especialidad del sureste de México / Clinical manifestations and long-term outcomes in three ocular rosacea cases treated at a highly specialized hospital in southeast México

La rosácea es una alteración cutánea crónica que se ha asociado con factores etiológicos inespecíficos y diversas manifestaciones sistémicas. La rosácea cutánea suele evolucionar a rosácea ocular del 6 al 72 % de los pacientes. Al no existir criterios específicos que la caractericen, la rosácea ocular implica un reto diagnóstico. Para fortalecer la sospecha diagnóstica temprana, se presentan tres casos de pacientes con evolución clínica distinta, pero que tuvieron en común el retraso diagnóstico, lo que se tradujo en manifestaciones graves y daño ocular extenso.

Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder that has been associated with unspecific etiological factors and diverse systemic manifestations. Cutaneous rosacea usually evolves to ocular rosacea in 6 to 72% of patients. In the absence of specific criteria to characterize this pathology, ocular rosacea can mean a diagnostic challenge. To strengthen early diagnostic suspicion, we present three cases of patients with different clinical evolution who had in common diagnostic delay resulting in severe manifestations and extensive ocular damage.

Ocular surface changes in the treatment of rosacea: comparison between low-dose oral isotretinoin and doxycycline / Alterações da superfície ocular no tratamento da Rosácea: comparação entre isotretinoína oral em baixa dosagem e doxiciclina

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the impact of ocular changes between systemic treatment with doxycycline and low-dose oral isotretinoin in patients with moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive either isotretinoin 0.3-0.4 mg/kg (group A) or doxycycline 100 mg/day (group B) for 16 weeks. Ocular symptoms were searched and evaluated, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Schirmer test, breakup time, rose bengal staining score, and meibomian gland dysfunction grading. The patients were retested at the end of treatment. Results: The present study included 39 patients (30 females and 9 males). Best-corrected visual acuity was > 20/30 in >90% of patients in both groups and did not change after treatment. After treatment, improvement in ocular symptoms and meibomian gland dysfunction was more pronounced in group B (p<0.05); the other parameters did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Doxycycline improved meibomian gland dysfunction, ocular symptoms, and ocular surface in patients with rosacea. Even though some patients experienced worsening meibomian gland dysfunction and symptoms, no subject experienced any serious complications after administration of low-dose isotretinoin.

RESUMO Objetivos: Comparar o impacto das alterações oculares entre o tratamento sistêmico de doxiciclina e isotretinoína em baixa dosagem em pacientes com rosácea papulopustulosa moderada a grave. Métodos: Os pacientes form randomizados para receber isotretinoína 0,3 a 0,4 mg/kg (grupo A) ou doxiciclina 100mg/dia (grupo B) por 16 semanas. Os sintomas oculares foram pesquisados e avaliados, incluindo melhor acuidade visual corrigida, teste de Schirmer, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, coloração de rosa bengala e graduação da disfunção de glândula de Meibomius. Os pacientes foram novamente testados no final do tratamento. Resultados: O presente estudo incluiu 39 pacientes (30 mulheres e 9 homens). A melhor acuidade visual corrigida foi >20/30 em >90% dos pacientes em ambos os grupos e não se alterou após o tratamento. A melhora dos sintomas oculares e da disfunção de glândula de Meibomius foi mais pronunciada no grupo B (p<0,05) após o tratamento; as demais variáveis não atingiram significância estatística. Conclusão: A doxiciclina melhorou a disfunção de glândula de Meibomius, os sintomas oculares e a superfície ocular de pa cientes com rosácea. Mesmo que alguns pacientes tenham piorado a disfunção e os sintomas da glândula de Meibomius, nenhum indivíduo apresentou complicações graves após a admi nistração de baixas doses de isotretinoína.

Demodex folliculorum infestations in common facial dermatoses: acne vulgaris, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis

Abstract Background: Demodex mites are found on the skin of many healthy individuals. Demodex mites in high densities are considered to play a pathogenic role. Objective: To investigate the association between Demodex infestation and the three most common facial dermatoses: acne vulgaris, rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. Methods: This prospective, observational case-control study included 127 patients (43 with acne vulgaris, 43 with rosacea and 41 with seborrheic dermatitis) and 77 healthy controls. The presence of demodicosis was evaluated by standardized skin surface biopsy in both the patient and control groups. Results: In terms of gender and age, no significant difference was found between the patients and controls (p > 0.05). Demodex infestation rates were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p = 0.001). Demodex infestation rates were significantly higher in the rosacea group than acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis groups and controls (p = 0.001; p = 0.024; p = 0.001, respectively). Demodex infestation was found to be significantly higher in the acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis groups than in controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). No difference was observed between the acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis groups in terms of demodicosis (p = 0.294). Study limitations: Small sample size is a limitation of the study. The lack of an objective scoring system in the diagnosis of Demodex infestation is another limitation. Conclusion: The findings of the present study emphasize that acne vulgaris, rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis are significantly associated with Demodex infestation. Standardized skin surface biopsy is a practical tool in the determination of Demodex infestation.

Rhinophyma on hemangioma: A diagnostic conundrum

@#INTRODUCTION: Rhinophyma, aside from persistent centrofacial redness is a major diagnostic criteria for rosacea. Phyma may be mistaken for hypertrophy of tissue due to an underlying hemangioma. CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old female presented with few erythematous papules on the face and nose 19 years prior to consult. Lesions evolved into multiple erythematous nodules on nose and was mistaken for tissue hypertrophy due to an adjacent congenital hemangioma. Her hemangioma was treated with pulsed dye laser 16 years prior with noted decrease in size and erythema. Recently she noticed enlargement of her nose with persistent redness. She presented with multiple firm, thick irregularly shaped erythematous nodules with prominent pilosebaceous pores and telangiectasia on the nose. Skin punch biopsy was done which revealed hypertrophy and lysis of sebaceous lobules with a moderately dense inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes. Histopathological diagnosis was rhinophyma. Patient was treated with low dose isotretinoin (0.20 mkd) with marked flattening of lesions in just one month. CONCLUSION: Distinguishing phyma from tissue hypertrophy caused by hemangioma poses as a diagnostic challenge. Careful dermatological examination and histopathological findings will aid in correct diagnosis. Low dose oral isotretinoin is an effective treatment for rhinophyma.

Rosacea associated with increased risk of generalized anxiety disorder: a case-control study of prevalence and risk of anxiety in patients with rosacea

Abstract Background: Rosacea may result in emotional distress and anxiety. However, data on the presence of generalized anxiety disorder in rosacea patients are scarce. Objective: The aim of the study was to detect the frequency and level of anxiety and depression in patients with rosacea. Methods: A total of 194 consecutive rosacea patients and 194 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Severity of rosacea was assessed in patients according to the criteria of the National Rosacea Society Ethics Committee. Both patients and controls were evaluated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, and severity was measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-Adult. Results: Individuals who were diagnosed with an anxiety and/or depressive disorder were more common in patient group (24.7% vs. 7.2%, p < 0,01). Female patients were particularly at risk for having generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.15-7.37; p = 0.02). Study limitations: Single center study and limited sample size. Conclusions: Rosacea patients show greater risk of having anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder. Female patients, those with lower educational levels, those with phymatous subtype, untreated patients, and patients with prior psychiatric morbidity may be at particular risk for anxiety. It is essential to consider the psychological characteristics of patients to improve their well-being.

Eficacia del metronidazol gel 0.75% vs permetrina crema 5% en pacientes con rosácea. Hospital Manuel Fajardo, 2016-2017 / Effectiveness of metronidazole gel 0.75% vs permetrine cream 5% in patients with rosacea. Manuel Fajardo Hospital, 2016-2017

Introducción: la rosácea es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de etiología desconocida que se presenta con eritema centro facial permanente, con episodios transitorios de intensificación asociados a factores desencadenantes unido a otros síntomas y signos variados. Tiene diferentes formas clínicas, es de difícil manejo y por ello, aunque existen diferentes tratamientos, aún es válido continuar la búsqueda de otras alternativas terapéuticas. Objetivo: determinar eficacia del metronidazol gel 0.75%, permetrina crema 5%, y la combinación de ambos medicamentos en pacientes con rosácea facial tratados en el Hospital Fajardo en el período 2016 a 2017. Método: se realizó un estudio de intervención cuasi-experimental, abierto, longitudinal, aleatorizado con tres grupos de 30 pacientes, que recibieron tratamiento durante 3 meses, y fueron evaluados un mes después de terminar el tratamiento. Resultados: predominaron las mujeres, el fototipo cutáneo III, con piel grasa. La mejor respuesta terapéutica fue la asociación de ambos medicamentos con un 100% con respuesta satisfactoria, seguida de 92.9% con la permetrina y 79.3% con el metronidazol. Conclusiones: La respuesta terapéutica en la mayoría de los 3 grupos fue satisfactoria, aunque predominó la combinación de ambos medicamentos. Las reacciones adversas fueron leves y escasas.

Modern aspects of rosacea therapy

This work is aimed at studying the problems of timely diagnostics and therapy of various forms of rosacea, identifying the factors that influence the compliance, prognosis, and quality of life of the patients, as well as the stages of combination therapy. The efficiency of rosacea therapy is determined by the timely identification of patients, as well as the clinical variety of the disease. Complex therapy of rosacea includes identification of the precipitating factors, basic skincare, and the use of systemic and local pathogenetic preparations. The "Gold Standard" of topical rosacea therapy is the antimicrobial and antiprotozoal drug called metronidazole. An important role in disease therapy is played by active cooperation between the doctor and the patient. Comprehensiveness, timeliness, and rationality of rosacea therapy are defined not only by the mechanisms of the disease development but also by aggravating factors, the need for basic care and photosensitivity of the patients

Rosácea oculocutánea en un niño / Ocular and cutaneous rosacea in a child

La rosácea es una dermatosis crónica que se manifiesta clínicamente con eritema, telangiectasias, pápulas y pústulas en la parte central de la cara. Afecta, sobre todo, a los adultos y, en raras ocasiones, a los niños. La rosácea puede también presentar afección ocular y preceder, aparecer en forma simultánea o con posterioridad a las lesiones cutáneas; es mayor el riesgo de complicaciones oculares en los niños. La baja prevalencia de esta patología en la infancia origina demoras en el diagnóstico. Se presenta a un paciente de 1 año de edad con rosácea ocular y cutánea que desarrolló opacidades corneales con compromiso de la agudeza visual. Se destaca la importancia del diagnóstico y del tratamiento precoz para evitar el desarrollo de secuelas.

Rosacea is a chronic skin disease characterized by erythema, telangiectasia, papules and pustules in the central facial region. It most often affects adults and is rare in children. Rosacea can also present ocular involvement. Symptoms can precede cutaneous findings, appear simultaneously or after them, with a higher risk of ocular complications in children. Because of low prevalence of rosacea in childhood, the diagnosis is frequently delayed. We report a 1-year-old boy with ocular and cutaneous rosacea who developed corneal opacities and visual impairment. Early diagnosis and treatment is considerable to avoid sequels.

Granuloma aséptico facial idiopático: A propósito de un caso / Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma: A case report

El granuloma aséptico facial idiopático (GAFI) es una afección de la infancia, que se caracteriza por nodulos faciales eritematovioláceos asintomáticos, usualmente confundidos con abscesos. Su patogénesis es desconocida, pero algunos autores han postulado su relación con la rosácea infantil. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico clínico de granuloma aséptico facial idiopático, con compromiso ocular y buena respuesta al tratamiento con metronidazol por vía oral.

Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma is a childhood condition characterized by asymptomatic erythematous-violaceous nodules, often confused with abscesses. Its pathogenesis is unknown, but some authors have postulated its relationship with infantile rosacea. We present a case of a patient with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma, with ocular involvement and a good response to oral metronidazole treatment.

A Rosacea Case Involving One Side of the Face Accompanied by Demodex Infestation: Unilateral Rosacea Fulminans

No abstract available.

A Clinical Study Including Patch Test of Rosacea Patients / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a relatively common inflammatory skin disease characterized by central facial erythema that persists for several months or longer. Experimental studies have demonstrated that rosacea compromises the epidermal barrier protection against allergens and irritants, rendering rosacea patients susceptible to contact hypersensitivity and skin irritation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate allergic and irritant reactions to topical agents and cosmetics in rosacea patients using patch tests. METHODS: Rosacea signs and subtypes of 40 patients were recorded and subjective symptoms and clinical experiences related to topical agents and cosmetics were assessed using a questionnaire. Patch tests were performed in these patients using the Korean Standard Series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Sweden), the TRUE test® (Mekos Laboratories ApS, Denmark), and 26 selected fragrance and 31 cosmetic antigens (TROLAB, Germany). RESULTS: Of 40 patch-tested patients, 26 (65%) showed at least 1 positive reaction and 13 (32.5%) showed 2 or more positive reactions. The most common allergens were nickel (II) sulfate (50%), cobalt chloride (10%), epoxy resin (7.7%), and thimerosal (7.5%). Thirteen patients (32.5%) experienced irritant patch test reactions. There were no significant differences in allergic or irritant positive reactions between mild, moderate, and severe cases of rosacea or between rosacea subtypes. Irritant reactions were more common in fair-skinned participants. CONCLUSION: Different topical medications are used in the treatment of rosacea patients. Exacerbation of rosacea may be caused by a hypersensitivity reaction or irritation induced by the topical agent or by cosmetics.

Síndrome de Morbihan ­ relato atípico de uma doença pouco conhecida / Morbihan syndrome ­ an atypical report of a rare condition

A síndrome de Morbihan é uma doença rara, de fisiopatologia pouco conhecida, tipicamente caracterizada por edema e eritema facial, de aparecimento lento, simétrico, afetando terço superior da face. Este relato de caso se trata de um paciente com caso atípico de Síndrome de Morbihan, com acometimento assimétrico de face. Foram ressaltados aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos para diagnóstico dessa rara patologia, possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais e opções de tratamento. Também foi buscado difundir formas menos típicas desta doença.

Morbihan syndrome is a rare condition and its pathogenesis is not fully known. This entityh is characterized by facial edema and facial erythema, with a slow, symmetrical appearance, affecting the upper portion of the face. This case report is about a patient with an atypical case of Morbihan syndrome, with asymmetric facial involvement. Clinical and histopathological aspects were highlighted aiming the diagnosis of this rare pathology, as well as possible differential diagnoses and treatment options. It has also been aimed to call attention to less typical forms of this disease.

Rosacea-specific quality of life questionnaire: translation, cultural adaptation and validation for Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract: Background: Brazil does not have a rosacea-specific quality of life questionnaire. Objectives: translation into Brazilian Portuguese, development of cultural adaptation, and validation of the RosaQoL disease-specific questionnaire for rosacea of any subtype. Methods: the recommended procedures for translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of an instrument were followed, and three interviews were conducted: baseline; seven to fourteen days after baseline; and at four to six months. The questionnaire was analyzed (with 95% confidence interval) for reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha); testretest reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient); responsiveness and validity. Results: terms of the original questionnaire were replaced to guarantee cultural and semantic equivalence. Validity was demonstrated by expressive correlations between the RosaQoL domains and by significance in the Jonckheere-Terpstra test (p≤0.05) between the scores of the RosaQoL domains and the participants' self-perception in relation to the disease. Reliability was acceptable; alpha coefficient ranged from 0.923 to 0.916 in the first and second applications of the RosaQoL, respectively, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.671 to 0.863 in the seven- to fourteen-day period. Responsiveness, measured by grouping participants into three categories based on self-perception of rosacea (better, worse or unchanged), was found for the "better" response group (p≤0.05). Study limitations: small sample; limited variety of screening sources. Conclusions: RosaQoL-BR (Brazil) was demonstrated as a reliable, valid and responsive questionnaire, with limitations, for individuals with any subtype of rosacea.