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1.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 74(2): 98-106, mar.-abr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-888603

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: El Programa de Estancias Infantiles (PEI) se enfoca en padres de niños de 1-3 años en situación de pobreza. Incluye educación y cuidado de los niños por 8 h, 5 días por semana. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre el tiempo de permanencia en el PEI y el nivel de desarrollo infantil. Métodos: Estudio transversal de base poblacional en dos estados de México. Se incluyeron todos los niños de 12-48 meses inscritos al PEI de noviembre de 2014 a enero de 2015. Se evaluó el nivel de desarrollo con la prueba EDI. Se calculó la razón de momios de prevalencia (RMP) para desarrollo normal por tiempo de estancia, ajustado por sexo, edad y discapacidad, teniendo como referencia a los niños que tenían < 30 días en el PEI. Resultados: Se incluyeron 3387 niños de 177 estancias infantiles: 53% de sexo masculino; 22.3% de 12-24 meses, 37.6% de 25-36 meses y 40.1% de 37-42 meses de edad. El RMP ajustado para desarrollo normal fue de 1.90 (IC95%:1.30-2.78) para 6-11 meses, 2.36 (IC95%:1.60-3.50) para 12-17 meses, 2.78 (IC95%:1.65-4.65) para 18-23 meses y 3.46 (2.13-5.60) para > 24 meses. Por área de desarrollo, se observó una mayor probabilidad de desarrollo normal a partir de 6 meses de estancia para lenguaje y social, y a partir de 12 meses para motor grueso, fino y conocimiento. Conclusiones: El tiempo de permanencia en el PEI a partir de 6 meses incrementa, de forma significativa y progresiva, la probabilidad de tener un desarrollo normal independiente del sexo y edad.


Abstract: Background: Early education program (EEP) was created to support parents with 1 to 3 year olds living in poverty situation in Mexico, and includes education and child daycare for 8 h five days per week. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between length of stay in EEP and the level of development in children. Methods: Cross sectional, population-based study conducted in two Mexican states. All children aged between 12 to 48 months enrolled in EEP from November 2014 to January 2015 were included. Child Development Evaluation (CDE) test was used to screen early development in every child. Normal early development prevalence odds ratio (OR) was calculated adjusted by gender, impairment and state, using as a reference those children with less than 30 days in the program. Results: The study included 3,387 children from 177 EEP nurseries, from which 53% were male; age by group was divided in 12-24 months (22.3%), 25-36 months (37.6%) and 37-42 months (40.1%). Normal development adjusted OR by age was 1.9 (CI95%: 1.30-2.78) for 6-11 months, 2.36 (CI95%: 1.60-3.50) for 12-17 months, 2.78 (CI95%: 1.65-4.65) for 18-23 months and 3.46 (CI95%: 2.13-5.60) for >24 months. By area of development, a greater probability of having a normal result for language and social areas was observed after 6 months in the program, and for motor (both gross and fine) and knowledge areas after 12 months. Conclusion: The length of the stay in the EEP after 6 months significantly and progressively increases the probability of normal development regardless of gender and age.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data , Child Care/statistics & numerical data , Child Development/physiology , Language Development , Poverty , Time Factors , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors , Mexico
2.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 37(4): 408-417, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582993

ABSTRACT

This article describes the process of implementation of WHO growth standards in the Chilean National Nursery Schools Council Program (JUNJI) and how will influence the beneficiary's nutritional status estimates. Using the 2009 anthropometric data collected by the program, we compare nutritional estimates using the NCHS 1978 reference and the WHO 2006 growth standards. The use of the new WHO growth standards will determine a decrease in under nutrition (weight for height z score < -2 DS) in infants from 1.1 to 0.5 percent while in all children less than 5y of age will increase stunting (height for age z score < -2 SD; from 5.7 to 7.3 percent in children less than 2y and from 2.3 to 4.2 percent in children 2 to 5y), and overweight (weight for height > lSD from 19.6 to 29 percent in children less than 2y, and from 20.6 to 28.9 in children 2 to 5y) and obesity (weight for height>2 SD; from 8.2 to 11.4 percent in children less than 2y and from 8.3 to 13.5 percent in children 2 to 5y ). The WHO growth standards describe the growth of children that receive optimal feeding and that live in optimal conditions. The implementation of the WHO growth curves at the JUNJI program is taken place in a sequential and well-planned way that will allow not only to optimize growth monitoring at the program but also to promote short and long-term health of the beneficiaries.


En el presente artículo se describe el proceso de implementación de las nuevas curvas de crecimiento OMS a la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles de Chile (JUNJI) y el efecto que tendrá esta incorporación en las estimaciones del estado nutricional de los beneficiarios. En base a la información antropométrica recolectada en el programa durante el año 2009 se realiza una comparación entre la referencia NCHS 1978 y las OMS 2006 y se muestra que con las nuevas curvas disminuirá la prevalencia de desnutrición (peso para la talla <-2 DS) en los lactantes de 1.1a 0.5 por ciento mientras que en todos los menores de 5 años aumentará la prevalencia de talla baja (< -2DS; de 5.7 a 7.3 por ciento en menores de 2 años y de 2.3 a 4.2 por ciento de 2 a 5 años), y de sobrepeso (> 1 DS peso talla, de 19.6 a 29.0 por ciento en menores de 2 años y de 20.6 a 28.9 por ciento de 2 a 5 años) y obesidad (> 2 DS peso talla, de 8.2 a 11.4 por ciento en menores de 2 años y de 8.3 a 13.5 por ciento de 2 a 5 años). Los estándares de crecimiento OMS describen la forma en que debieran crecer los niños de cualquier parte del mundo si es que fueran alimentados y vivieran en condiciones óptimas. Su implementación en la JUNJI, de manera programada y secuencial, permitirá optimizar el monitoreo del crecimiento de los beneficiarios promoviendo una mejor salud en el corto y largo plazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Anthropometry/methods , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Obesity , World Health Organization
3.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 235-241, 2009.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-191540

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to estimate the benefit from repeated examinations in the diagnosis of enterobiasis in nursery school groups, and to test the effectiveness of individual-based risk predictions using different methods. A total of 604 children were examined using double, and 96 using triple, anal swab examinations. The questionnaires for parents, structured observations, and interviews with supervisors were used to identify factors of possible infection risk. In order to model the risk of enterobiasis at individual level, a similarity-based machine learning and prediction software Constud was compared with data mining methods in the Statistica 8 Data Miner software package. Prevalence according to a single examination was 22.5%; the increase as a result of double examinations was 8.2%. Single swabs resulted in an estimated prevalence of 20.1% among children examined 3 times; double swabs increased this by 10.1%, and triple swabs by 7.3%. Random forest classification, boosting classification trees, and Constud correctly predicted about 2/3 of the results of the second examination. Constud estimated a mean prevalence of 31.5% in groups. Constud was able to yield the highest overall fit of individual-based predictions while boosting classification tree and random forest models were more effective in recognizing Enterobius positive persons. As a rule, the actual prevalence of enterobiasis is higher than indicated by a single examination. We suggest using either the values of the mean increase in prevalence after double examinations compared to single examinations or group estimations deduced from individual-level modelled risk predictions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Anal Canal/parasitology , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods , Enterobiasis/diagnosis , Enterobius/isolation & purification , Estonia/epidemiology , Prevalence , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data
4.
J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent ; 2008 Dec; 26(4): 153-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-114895

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to find the prevalence of nursing caries in Davangere preschool children and its relationship with feeding practices and socioeconomic status of the family. Materials and Methods: A total of 813 children aged 2-6 years were screened for the present study from randomly selected three kindergarten schools each from Government, Government aided, and private managements. Clinical examination was done inside the respective schools. At the time of examination, a proforma was filled for each child comprising of DFS index. The questionnaire by Winter et al. was modified and used in this study. The completed proformas were statistically analyzed to find if any correlation existed between the nursing caries to the feeding practices and socioeconomic status of the family. Results: Duration of breastfeeding increases the number of children with nursing caries and the mean DFS. There is a strong and significant relationship between the severity of nursing caries and the degree of feeding abuse. Children from low socioeconomic status have increased early childhood caries. Conclusion: The prevalence of nursing caries was 19.2% in Davangere preschool population. Nursing caries were more in children who were taking a feeding bottle to bed at night and were increasingly seen in large families and lower socioeconomic groups.


Subject(s)
Bottle Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child, Preschool , DMF Index , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Family Characteristics , Humans , Income/statistics & numerical data , India/epidemiology , Mass Screening , Poverty/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data , Social Class , Toothbrushing/statistics & numerical data
5.
Invest. clín ; 43(4): 231-237, dic. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-332214

ABSTRACT

El número de Hogares de Cuidado Diario ha aumentado progresivamente en países subdesarrollados. Estas Instituciones presentan condiciones que facilitan la transmisión de agentes entéricos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de Giardiasis en Hogares de Cuidado Diario del Municipio San Francisco, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se realizó una encuesta para recolectar datos personales y clínicos. Se analizaron especímenes fecales de 82 niños de uno u otro sexo, de 11 meses a 6 años de edad, que asistieron a cuatro Hogares de Cuidado Diario del Municipio antes mencionado. Las muestras fueron procesadas mediante examen al fresco, coloración temporal con lugol y concentración por formol-éter. Se aplicó análisis porcentual para el estudio estadístico. De las 82 muestras procesadas, 37 (45,1 por ciento) revelaron la presencia de Giardia Lamblia. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentemente observadas en este estudio fueron dolor abdominal, diarrea, pérdida de peso e inapetencia. El análisis estadístico no demostró diferencia significativa de esta parasitosis con relación a sexo, pero si un predominio en la edad escolar (75 por ciento). El resultado de este estudio parasitológico refleja una elevada prevalencia de Giardiasis en Hogares de Cuidado Diario del municipio estudiado, lo cual sugiere que este tipo de instituciones reúne las condiciones que favorecen la transmisión de este flagelado, por lo que se debe hacer hincapié en la práctica de medidas preventiva


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Female , Child Care , Child Day Care Centers , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data , Giardia lamblia , Giardiasis , Prevalence , Parasitology , Venezuela
6.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 39(5): 435-440, sept.-oct. 2001. graf, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-306607

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los malos hábitos orales de succión no nutritiva y morder objetos o tejidos se mencionan en la literatura como importantes causas de maloclusión. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia, distribución y condiciones asociadas con malos hábitos orales. Material y métodos: estudio transversal realizado en guarderías del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), en Campeche. A través de un muestreo no probabilístico fueron incluidos 189 niños, de 3 a 48 meses de edad. Los datos personales y sociodemográficos se obtuvieron de un cuestionario dirigido a las madres; fueron capturados en un programa computarizado y analizados con c2. Resultados: 44.4 por ciento (n = 84) de los sujetos perteneció al género masculino; el promedio de edad fue 28.4 ñ 11.7 meses; 47.6 por ciento (n = 90) presentó algún mal hábito oral, de éste 8.3 por ciento tuvó dos al mismo tiempo. En el análisis de c2 se encontraron variables asociadas con los malos hábitos orales: el género masculino (p = 0.003), salud general regular (p = 0.033), uso de chupón (p = 0.45), la edad de la madre menor a 30 años (p = 0.012).Conclusiones: prácticamente 50 por ciento de los sujetos estudiados manifestó algún mal hábito oral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Infant , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data , Habits , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Malocclusion/etiology , Fingersucking/adverse effects , Precipitating Factors
7.
J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent ; 1998 Mar; 16(1): 21-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-114936

ABSTRACT

A study of prevalence and severity of dental caries was undertaken in seven nursery schools of Akola city in the age group of 5-6 years. A total of 508 children were examined out of which 288 were boys and 220 girls. The examination for dental caries and data collection was carried out as per W.H.O. (1987) criteria. Out of the total 508 children examined 61.41% were observed to be having caries with mean dmft/dmfs of 2.75+/-3.98 & 4.04+/-6.84 respectively. Total 17.91% school children were found to be having decay in either all upper or lower molars. In the high risk caries group 0.98% children were found to be affected with nursing caries and 0.2% children with rampant caries. Only a negligible proportion of filled teeth (1.42%) and missing due to caries (0.14%) was observed in the population. Occlusal surface caries was the most prevalent type of decay (44.71) and the mandibular deciduous second molars were the most affected by caries. Due to high prevalence of dental caries (61.41%) research must be carried out in the direction of identification of the children population at high risk of caries, so that a rigorous preventive programme be implemented.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , DMF Index , Dental Caries/classification , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Dental Restoration, Permanent/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Molar/pathology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data , Tooth Loss/epidemiology , Tooth, Deciduous/pathology , Urban Health/statistics & numerical data
8.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 6(4): 191-5, oct.-dic. 1993. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-134879

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles para determinar las diferencias de colonización nasofaríngea de niños sanos que asisten a una guardería y niños cuidados en casa. Cuatro bacterias: heamophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis y Streptococcus pyogenes, fueron seleccionadas. Se utilizó la razón de momios (RM) para precisar su asociación y analizar ambos grupos. Se evidenció colonización nasofarñingea en 87 de 127 niños de guardería contra 43 de 127 niños cuidados en casa una Rm de 4.25, p (95 por ciento)<0.05. Individualmente la RM para S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae y M. catarrhalis, fue de 3.12, 2.65 y 1.7, respectivamente. La frecuencia para S. pyogenes fue baja. Se compararan las cifras encontradas en este estudio con prevalencias previas reportadas. Se plantea que la asistencia a una guardería, dado el incremento en la colonozación nasofaríngea observada, posiblemente sea un factor de riesgo para una mayor frecuencia de infección respiratoria y/o enfermedad invarora, causada por este tipo de bacterias


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child Care/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Health Surveys , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology
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