Efecto de la Vitamina E en Células Peritubulares de Testículos de Ratones Mus musculus Tratados con Ácido Valproico Durante el Estado Fetal y Pubertad / Effect of Vitamin E on Peritubular Cells from Testis of Mus musculus Mice Treated with Valproic Acid During the Fetal Stage and Puberty

El ácido valproico (VPA) es un fármaco antiepiléptico teratógenico que, al ser administrado durante etapas tempranas del embarazo, puede producir alteraciones en el desarrollo embriofetal, las que se manifiestan tanto a nivel del sistema nervioso como del testículo. No obstante, se ha reportado que la administración de vitamina E (VE) podría revertir dichas alteraciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto protector de la VE a nivel testicular en fetos y ratones púberes expuestos a VPA durante la fase embrionaria de su desarrollo. Se utilizó un total de 30 ratones hembra adultas gestantes (Mus musculus) cepa BALB/c, las cuales se dividieron en 6 grupos. El estudio contempló el análisis de fetos machos a los 17,5 días post-coital (dpc) y machos juveniles a las 6 semanas post-natal. A los grupos 1 y 4 se les administró 0,3 mL de solución fisiológica (grupos control para 17,5 dpc y 6 semanas postnatal, respectivamente). A los grupos 2 y 5 se les suministró la cantidad de 600 mg/kg de VPA (grupos VPA), en tanto que a los grupos 3 y 6 se les aplicó la misma dosis de VPA complementada con 200 UI de VE (grupos VPA+VE). Se describió la histología normal y patológica del compartimento peritubular del testículo. En los grupos VPA se evidenció una degeneración de la pared peritubular, y atrofia de túbulos seminíferos, así como exfoliación de las células germinales. Por el contrario, en los grupos VPA+VE tales signos no fueron observados y la morfología presentó aspecto normal solo con algunas alteraciones focales. Estos resultados corroboran el hecho que la administración de VE contrarresta en parte, los efectos deletéreos que ocasiona el VPA.

SUMMARY: Valproic acid (VPA) is a teratogenic antiepileptic drug that, when administered during the early stages of pregnancy, can produce alterations in embryo-fetal development, which manifest both at the level of the nervous system and the testicle. However, it has been reported that the administration of vitamin E (VE) could reverse these alterations. The study aimed to determine the protective effect of VE at the testicular level in fetuses and pubertal mice exposed to VPA during the embryonic phase of their development. 30 pregnant adult female mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c strain were used, which were divided into 6 groups. The study included the analysis of male fetuses at 17.5 days post-coital (dpc) and juvenile males at 6 weeks post-natal. Groups 1 and 4 were administered 0.3 mL of physiological solution. Groups 2 and 5 were given 600 mg/kg of VPA (VPA groups), while groups 3 and 6 were given the same dose of VPA supplemented with 200 IU of VE (VPA+VE). The normal and pathological histology of the peritubular compartment of the testis was described. In the VPA groups, degeneration of the peritubular wall, and atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, as well as exfoliation of the germ cells, were evident. On the contrary, in the VPA+VE groups such signs were not observed and the morphology presented a normal appearance with only some focal alterations. These results corroborate the fact that the administration of VE partially counteracts the deleterious effects caused by VPA.

Effects of Corchorus olitorius and protacatechuic acid on diabetic rat testis tissue / Efectos de Corchorus olitorius y ácido protocatéquico en el tejido testicular de rata diabética

SUMMARY: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Protocatechuic acid and Corchorus olitorius on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat testis tissue. Randomly selected Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups as; Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus treated with Corchorus Olitorus (STZ+CO), Diabetes Mellitus treated with Protacatechuic acid (STZ+PCA), Corchorus olitorius (CO), Protocatechuic acid (PCA) and Control. Diabetic model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg Streptozotosin. After 48 hours of the STZ injection, blood samples were collected from tail vein in order to measure blood glycose levels. Over 250 mg/dL accepted as diabetic subjets and fed with 250 mg/kg Corchorus olitorius or 20 mg/kg PCA by oral gavage for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, right testes were removed and fixed in 10 % neutral formaldehyde for paraffine embedding. Sections were stained by HE, Masson trichrome, PAS and TUNEL for microscopic evaluation. Control, PCA-only and Corchorus olitorius-only treated group testes tissues showed a normal tissue organization, when degeneration in seminiferous tubules, the vacuolization, seperations in spermatogenic cell series, outpouring of cell groups in the lumen, vesicular body formation, liquid accumulation in the interstitial region and edema were observed in STZ induced diabetic models and untreated groups. Besides, higher amount of TUNEL (+) stained cells were determined in STZ group. On the other hand, blood glucose level and number of TUNEL (+) stained cells were decreased as a result of PCA and Corchorus olitorius treatment. Because of the reduction of blood glucose level and apoptotic cell numbers, PCA and Corchorus olitorius decreace the complications of diabetes mellitus induced rat testis.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos del ácido protocatéquico y Corchorus olitorius sobre el tejido testicular de rata diabética inducida por estreptozotocina (STZ). Las ratas Wistar Albino fueron seleccionadas al azar y se dividieron en cinco grupos; Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus tratada con Corchorus olitorius (STZ + CO), Diabetes Mellitus tratada con ácido protocatéquico (STZ + PCA), Corchorus olitorius (CO), ácido protocatéquico (PCA) y Control. El modelo diabético se generó por inyección intraperitoneal de 60 mg/kg de estreptozotosina. Después de 48 horas de la inyección de STZ, se recogieron muestras de sangre de la vena de la cola para medir los niveles de glucosa. Niveles mayores a 250 mg/dL fueron considerados como especímenes diabéticos y alimentados con Corchorus olitorius de 250 mg/kg o PCA de 20 mg/kg por sonda oral durante tres semanas. Al final del experimento, se extirparon los testículos derechos y se fijaron en formaldehído neutro al 10 % para la inclusión en parafina. Las secciones se tiñeron con HE, tricromo de Masson, PAS y TUNEL para evaluación microscópica. Los tejidos de los testículos de los grupos control, tratados solo con PCA y con Corchorus olitorius mostraron una organización tisular normal. En cambio en modelos diabéticos inducidos por STZ y grupos no tratados se observó degeneración en los túbulos seminíferos, vacuolización, separaciones en series de células espermatogénicas, efusión de grupos celulares en la luz, formación del cuerpo vesicular, acumulación de líquido en la región intersticial y edema. Además, se determinó una mayor cantidad de células teñidas con TUNEL (+) en el grupo STZ. Por otro lado, el nivel de glucosa en sangre y el número de células teñidas con TUNEL (+) disminuyeron como resultado del tratamiento con PCA y Corchorus olitorius. Debido a la reducción del nivel de glucosa en sangre y el número de células apoptóticas, se observó que PCA y Corchorus olitorius disminuyen las complicaciones de los testículos de rata inducidos por diabetes mellitus.

Effects of ketoprofen in spermatogenesis of mice exposed to continuos hypobaric hypoxia / Efecto del ketoprofeno en la espermatogénesis de ratones expuestos a hipoxia hipobárica continua

Hypoxia hypobaric (HH) can cause alterations at testicular level, with temperature increase, intrascrotal alteration and deterioration of spermatogenesis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ketoprofen have anti-angiogenic properties, and can decrease testicular abnormalities. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of ketoprofen on spermatogenesis of mice exposed to continuous hypobaric hypoxia. 78 Mus musculus CF-1 male mice 3 to 4 months old were used and subjected to HH in chamber at 4200 m. They were divided into 13 groups (G) of 6 animals: 10 with HH cycles (1, 2, 3, 4 and 8, lasting 8.3 days each cycle, two groups each) and 3 in normoxia (Nx). Intraperitoneal ketoprofen 25 mg/kg was administered every 4 days. Euthanasia of these animals was performed at the end of each cycle and in the case the Nx groups at the end of cycles 1, 4 and 8. Percentage of microhematocrit and reticulocytes were measured in blood smears and a morphometric and histopathological analysis of the height of the epithelium, the tubular diameter and the diameter of the tubular lumen was made. It was shown that hematocrit increases continuously up to 8 cycles, while reticulocytes increase up to 3 cycles. Continuous HH decreases the tubular diameter in a sustained manner and proportional to HH cycles, and the height increased only in the groups subjected to 8 cycles. The groups treated with ketoprofen saw a decrease in angiogenesis, presenting some degree of protection at the testicular level.

La hipoxia hipobárica (HH) puede provocar alteraciones a nivel testicular, con aumento de la temperatura, alteración intraescrotal y deterioro de la espermatogénesis. Los antiinflamatorios no esteroidales (AINEs) como el ketoprofeno tienen propiedades antiangiogénicas, pudiendo disminuir las alteraciones testiculares. El objetivo de estudio fue evaluar el efecto del ketoprofeno en la espermatogénesis de ratones expuestos a hipoxia hipobárica continua. Se utilizaron 78 ratones macho Mus musculus CF-1 de 3 a 4 meses de edad y se sometieron a HH en cámara a 4200 m. Se dividieron en 13 grupos (G) de 6 animales: 10 con ciclos de HH (1, 2, 3, 4 y 8, con duración de 8,3 días cada ciclo, dos grupos cada uno) y 3 en normoxia (Nx). Se administró ketoprofeno intraperitoneal 25 mg/kg cada 4 días. La eutanasia de estos animales se realizó al final de cada ciclo y en el caso los grupos Nx al final de los ciclos 1, 4 y 8. Se midió porcentaje de microhematocrito y reticulocitos en frotis de sangre y se hizo un análisis morfométrico e histopatológico de la altura del epitelio, el diámetro tubular y el diámetro de la luz tubular. Se evidenció que el hematocrito aumenta de manera continua hasta los 8 ciclos, en cambio los reticulocitos aumentan hasta los 3 ciclos. La HH continua disminuye el diámetro tubular de forma sostenida y proporcional a los ciclos de HH, y la altura aumentó sólo en los grupos sometidos a 8 ciclos. Los grupos tratados con ketoprofeno se vio una disminución de la angiogénesis, presentando algún grado de protección a nivel testicular.

Short-term buserelin administration induces apoptosis and morphological changes in adult rat testes

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of buserelin on gonadal structure and function in adult male rats. Methods: Twenty-four adult Wistar male rats were divided into three groups: two treated groups and controls. The first and second treated groups received 300 (low dose) and 500 (high dose) µg/kg buserelin, respectively, and the control group received normal saline. All groups were treated subcutaneously for five days. Results: The seminiferous tubular epithelial thickness was significant decreased in the treated groups compared with those in the control. There was a significant increase in apoptotic cell death in high dose treated group compared with low dose treated and control groups. No significant difference in serum testosterone level was observed after one month in the three groups. Conclusion: Buserelin induces apoptotic cell death and decreased diameter and epithelium thickness of seminiferous tubules in the adult rat testes.

Propolis protective role against morphological, hormonal biochemical and histological alterations induced by sildenafil overdoses / Rol protector del propóleo contra las alteraciones morfológicas, hormonales, bioquímicas e histológicas inducidas por sobredosis de sildenafil

Sildenafil is widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction with few studies are available on the protective role of propolis against its reproductive toxicity. The present study aims to investigate the hormonal biochemical and histomorphometric alterations induced in the testicular tissues by sildenafil overdoses. Four groups of rabbits were exposed to sildenafil with or without propolis as follows: Group I received the formulated vehicle, Group II received sildenafil (3 mg/kg), Group III received propolis (50 mg/kg), Group IV received sildenafil plus propolis. Sildenafil lowered body weight gain, testosterone and follicular stimulating hormone concentration but increased testis index while luteinizing hormone was almost not affected. Moreover, sildenafil treated rabbits showed degenerative seminiferous tubules and disturbance of spermatogenesis together with spermatocytes sloughing and nuclear alterations. Exposure to sildenafil plus propolis ameliorated tubular alterations, spermatogenesis disturbances, hormonal levels changes and partially protected spermatocytes from morphological nuclear alterations but could not ameliorate the effect on the body weight gain and testis index. The findings of the present work may indicate that propolis can ameliorate partially the reproductive toxicity induced by sildenafil overdoses with more need for further studies on the adverse effect of these doses on the other vital organs.

El sildenafil es un medicamento ampliamente utilizado para el tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil y existen pocos estudios disponibles referente a la función protectora del propóleo contra su toxicidad reproductiva. El objetivo fue investigar las alteraciones hormonales, bioquímicas e histomorfométricas, inducidas en los tejidos testiculares por sobredosis de sildenafil. Cuatro grupos de conejos fueron expuestos a sildenafil con o sin propóleo de la siguiente manera: grupo I recibió el sildenafil formulado, grupo II recibió sildenafil (3 mg/kg), grupo III recibió propóleo (50 mg/kg) y el grupo IV recibió sildenafil más propóleo. El sildenafil redujo el peso corporal, la testosterona y la concentración de la hormona foliculoestimulante, sin embargo, se observó un aumento del índice testicular mientras que la hormona luteinizante casi no se vio afectada. Por otra parte, los conejos tratados con sildenafil mostraron degeneración de los túbulos seminíferos, trastornos de la espermatogénesis y alteraciones nucleares de los espermatocitos. Con el uso de sildenafil más propóleo fue posible disminuir las alteraciones de los túbulos seminíferos, los trastornos de la espermatogénesis y los niveles de cambios hormonales; los espermatocitos fueron protegidos parcialmente de alteraciones nucleares morfológicas, pero no pudo mejorar el efecto de aumento de peso corporal e índice testicular. Los resultados indican que el propóleo puede aliviar, en parte, la toxicidad en la reproducción inducida por sobredosis de sildenafil. No obstante, existe la necesidad de realizar más estudios sobre los efectos adversos de estas dosis en otros órganos vitales.

Protective effect of Tribulus terrestris hydroalcoholic extract against cisplatin­induced apoptosis on testis in mice / Efecto protector del extracto hidroalcohólico de Tribulus terrestris contra la apoptosis inducida por cisplatino sobre los testículos en ratones

Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy. One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin is decreasing genital gland function, azoospermia and oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris (TT) has been used as an aphrodisiac. The present study amid to investigate protective effect of TT hydroalcoholic extract against cisplatin-induced apoptosis on testis in mice. Male adult mice (n=30) were divided into control and 4 experimental groups (n=6). Control group received saline, first experimental group received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and other three experimental group received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and different doses of hydroalcoholic extact of TT (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg/i.p) respectively. Day after the last injection, histopathology and histomorphic analysis and also TUNEL assay on mice testis were performed. Weights of body and testis, seminiferous tubules diameter and apoptotic index were assessed. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys' test. The results showed that cisplatin lead to a reduction in the weight of body and testes, and significantly increased apoptotic index compared to the control group (P<0.001), while in treated groups with TT, the weights of body and testis and seminiferous tubules diameter were significantly higher compared with cisplatin group (P<0.001), but apoptotic index did not show significant differences. The study demonstrates that extract of TT could protective effect of on cisplatin-induced apoptosis of testis and seminiferous tubules diameter that may be related to the presence of antioxidant components acting via a multitude of central and peripheral mechanisms.

El cisplatino es un medicamento anticancerígeno utilizado en tratamientos de quimioterapia. Uno de los efectos secundarios que limitan el uso del cisplatino es la disminución en la función de la glándula genital, provocando azoospermia y oligospermia. El Tribulus terrestris (TT) se ha utilizado como un afrodisíaco. El objetivo fue investigar el efecto protector del extracto hidroalcohólico de TT contra la apoptosis inducida por el cisplatino en los testículos de ratones. Ratones machos adultos (n=30) fueron divididos en un grupo control y cuatro grupos experimentales (n=6). Al grupo control se le administró una solución salina, mientras que el primer grupo experimental recibió cisplatino (5,5 mg/kg) y los tres restantes recibieron cisplatino (5,5 mg/kg) con diferentes dosis del extracto hidroalcohólico de TT (100, 300 y 500 mg/kg/ip), respectivamente. El día posterior a la última inyección, se realizaron análisis histopatológicos y morfométricos, junto al ensayo TUNEL, de los testículos de los ratones. Se registró el peso corporal y testicular de cada ratón, así como el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos e índice de apoptosis. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA de una vía, seguida de la prueba de Tukey. El cisplatino provocó una reducción del peso corporal y testicular, y un aumento del índice de apoptosis, que fue significativo en comparación con el grupo control (P<0,001), mientras que en los grupos tratados con TT, el peso corporal y testicular, junto al diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos fueron significativamente mayores en comparación con el grupo tratado con cisplatino (P<0,001), sin embargo, el índice de apoptosis no mostró diferencias significativas. El estudio demuestra que el extracto de TT podría poseer un efecto protector de la apoptosis inducida por cisplatino sobre los testículos, así como en el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos, lo que podría relacionarse con la presencia de componentes antioxidantes que actúan a través de diversos mecanismos, centrales y periféricos.

Protective effect of curcumin against nicotine-induced damage on reproductive parameters in male mice / Efecto protector de la curcumina contra el daño inducido por la nicotina sobre los parámetros reproductivos en ratones machos

Nicotine consumption can decrease fertility drive in males through inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage. The color of turmeric is because of a substance called curcumin for which some anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties have been identified. In this study, various doses of curcumin (10, 30 and 60 mg/kg) and curcumin plus nicotine (10, 30 and 60 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to male mice for 28 consequent days and reproductive parameters were determined. The results indicated that nicotine administration (0.5 mg/kg) significantly decreased testosterone level, count and motility of sperms, and testis weight compared to control group. However, increasing the dose of curcumin significantly increased reproductive indices in most of the groups. Thus, it seems that curcumin inhibits nicotine-induced adverse effects on reproductive parameters.

El consumo de nicotina puede disminuir la fertilidad en los hombres mediante la inducción de estrés oxidativo y daño del ADN. El color de la cúrcuma se debe a una sustancia llamada curcumina en la cual se han identificado algunas propiedades anti-oxidantes y anti-inflamatorias. En este estudio se administraron diferentes dosis de curcumina (10, 30 y 60 mg/kg) y de curcumina más nicotina (10, 30 y 60 mg/kg) por vía intraperitoneal a ratones machos durante 28 días consecutivos y se determinaron los parámetros reproductivos. La administración de nicotina (0,5 mg/kg) disminuyó significativamente el nivel de testosterona, el número y motilidad de los espermatozoides, y peso de los testículos en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, el incremento de la dosis de curcumina aumentó significativamente los índices reproductivos en la mayoría de los grupos. Este estudio sugiere que la curcumina inhibe los efectos adversos inducidos por la nicotina sobre los parámetros reproductivos.

Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on the normal testicular tissue of rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the testicular tissue of young male rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were assigned to groups (10 rats/group).Control Group received subcutaneous saline solution; Group 1 received hCG 50UI/Kg/dose; and Group 2 received hCG 100UI/Kg/dose, daily for 15 days. Half was submitted to bilateral orchiectomy on the 16th day and the other half 45 days after the beginning of the hormone application. Testicles were weighed, measured and has their volumes determined. The diameter of the tubules and the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium were measured. RESULTS: Control Group presented the highest values of testicles volume and weight. Rats in the Control presented normal histology. In G1 and G2 atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, apoptosis of germ cells and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Comparing groups, in the first operation Control rats had higher diameter values. In the second operation, the Control was only different from G1. As for thickness, Control had higher values in both operations. Comparing the time of operation, the diameter values were higher in G1 and G2 in the second operation. For all groups, the thickness of the epithelium was higher in the second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Human chorionic gonadotropin is gonadotoxic in rats. This effect was temporary and can affect reproductive potential. The total recovery of testicular damage in the studied range could not be proved, and the effects were not dose-dependent. .

The effect of cannabis sativa hydroalcoholic extract on sperm parameters and testis histology in rats / Efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico de cannabis sativa sobre los parámetros espermáticos e histología testicular en ratas

Cannabis Sativa is a multiuse herb in traditional medicine, its hydroalcoholic extract (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) administered interaperitoneally for 14 consequent days to Wistar male rats resulted in significant decrease in progressive motility of sperm. Sperm count and seminiferous tubules diameter decreased significantly in comparison with control group. Also decrease in animal body weight in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg was observed. Changes in testes weight and serum testosterone were not significant. Cannabis sativa extract has negative effect on sperm parameters such as motility, sperm count, and seminiferous tubules diameter.

La Cannabis Sativa es una hierba de múltiples usos en la medicina tradicional. Su extracto hidroalcohólico (10, 50, y 100 mg/kg) administrado intraperito-nealmente durante 14 días consecutivos a ratas Wistar macho produjo una disminución significativa en la motilidad progresiva de los espermatozoides. El recuento de espermatozoides y el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos se redujo significativamente en comparación con el grupo control. También se observó disminución del peso corporal de los animales en dosis de 50 y 100 mg/kg. Cambios en el peso de los testículos y la testosterona sérica no fueron significativos. El extracto de Cannabis sativa tiene un efecto negativo sobre los parámetros seminales tales como la motilidad, conteo espermático, y el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos.

Effect of diet contains sesame seed on adult Wistar rat testis / Efecto de la dieta con semillas de sésamo sobre el testículo de la rata Wistar adulta

Studies show that some antioxidants are effective in improving male infertility. According to several antioxidant compounds that exist in sesame seed, this study was designed and carried out to the effects of sesame seed diet consumption on adult male rats testis structure and sex hormones. This experimental study was carried out on 30 adults Wistar rat, 200 g that obtained from laboratory animal center at Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Rats were divided into experimental and control groups randomly. The control group received standard diet and experimental group received diet containing 70% standard diet and 30% sesame seed after weaning for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, testis weight and volume were measured and seminiferous tubules; lumen epithelium diameter, LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were evaluated. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and t-test. P< 0.05 was considered to significant level. Bodyweight rats, weight and volume testis and percentage volume seminiferous tubules vessels in two groups were not significant. The mean cells number and motility of sperm in left epididym, number of cells epithelium and percentage volume of epithelial, lumen and interstitial of this tubules were extremely significant (P<0.0001) in the experimental group compared to control. LH concentration increased significantly in the experimental group compared to control (P<0.03). Sesame seed intake improved testicular parameters, fertility and sperm production in males.

Estudios demuestran que algunos antioxidantes son eficaces en la mejora de la infertilidad masculina. Debido a la presencia de varios compuestos antioxidantes que existen en la semilla de sésamo, este estudio fue diseñado y realizado para evaluar los efectos de su consumo sobre la estructura testicular y las hormonas sexuales de ratas macho adultas. Se utilizaron 30 ratas Wistar adultas de 200 g obtenidas desde el centro laboratorio animal de Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Las ratas se dividieron en grupos experimental y de control. El grupo control recibió una dieta estándar y el grupo experimental una dieta que contenía 70% de dieta estándar y 30% de semillas de sésamo, después del destete durante 12 semanas. Al final del estudio, se midieron el peso y volumen de los testículos y túbulos seminíferos, diámetro luminal epitelial, y las concentraciones de LH, FSH y testosterona. Los datos fueron analizados mediante t-test con el programa SPSS. Fue considerado significativo un valor P<0,05. El peso corporal de las ratas, peso y volumen testicular, y el porcentaje volumétrico de los túbulos seminíferos en los dos grupos no fue significativo. La media del número de células y la motilidad de los espermatozoides en epidídimo izquierdo, número de células del epitelio y porcentaje volumétrico del epitelio, y lumen intersticial de los túbulos fueron significativos (P<0,0001) en el grupo experimental en comparación con el control. La concentración de LH aumentó significativamente en el grupo experimental en comparación con el control (P<0,03). La ingesta de semillas de sésamo mejora de los parámetros testiculares, la fertilidad y la producción de espermatozoides en machos.

Histological study of preventive role of cyanacobalamin [vitamin B-12] on heat induced testicular injury

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of Cyanacobalamin [Vitamin B-12] in reducing the hazardous effects of heat on seminiferous tubules of testes in albino rats. Experimental Study. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, for 6 weeks from October 2010 to November 2010. Thirty adult albino rats of 200-250 grams of weight and 90-120 days of age were taken for this study. They were divided into three groups A [control], B [heat treated], and C [heat plus Cyanocobalamin treated]. They were further subdivided into A1 and A2, B1 and B2 and C1 and C2, based on duration of treatment of 4 weeks and 6 weeks respectfully. At the end of study histological examination of seminiferous tubules of testes were seen by applying Periodic Acid Schiff Iron Hematoxylin stain. There was marked damaging effects of heat [42°C] on seminiferous tubules of testes with disorganized germinal epithelium and vacuolation. This damage to spermatogenic cell series was well protected with concomitant treatment with Cyanacobalamin [vitamin B-12]. There was restoration of germinal epithelium and marked decrease in vacuolation. This study proved protective role of Cyanacobalmin [Vitamin B-12] in heat induced damage in testes of albino rats

The effects of Tynnanthus fasciculatus (Bignoniaceae) infusion on testicular parenchyma of adult Wistar rats

Traditional medicine provides strong guidance for scientific experiments involving plant products used by the Brazilian people. The species "cipó-cravo" (Tynnanthus fasciculatus) is a plant commonly used either to combat indigestion and stomachaches, or as a general stimulant and aphrodisiac. In this study, the effects of "cipó-cravo" infusion were investigated within the testicular parenchyma of adult Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups: a control (distilled water) and two treated groups, which received the plant infusion (100 and 200mg/animal/day). The 200mg dose promoted a significant increase of the testicular parenchyma weight and of the volume and total length of the seminiferous tubules, as well as in total daily sperm production and sperm production per gram of testis.

Toxic effects of lead on the germinal epithelium in male albino rats

To determine the toxic effects of lead on the germinal epithelium of testes of albino rat. Experimental study. Basic Medical Sciences Institute. Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from August 2003 to December 2005. Forty adult Albino rats selected for the study were divided into two groups; group A, received injection normal saline 1 ml intraperitoneally daily for eight weeks. Group B received lead chloride in a dose of 10 mg / kg body weight intraperitoneally daily. The testes were removed and fixed in Bouin's fluid for 24 hours. They were dehydrated in ascending strength of alcohol and the paraffin blocks were made. Four micro m thick tissue sections were obtained, stained with PAS Iron Hematoxylin method and the morphometric study was done. Students T-test was used for statistical analysis. Student's T test was used to determinate significance; P value = 0.05 was taken significant. Mean +/- SEM diameter of seminiferous tubules was 291.92+1.11706mm and 198.54 +/- 1.67282mm in groups A and B respectively after eight week of treatment. Mean diameter of seminiferous tubule of group B was decreased significantly [P<0.0001] as compared to groups A. Mean +/- SEM thickness of germinal epithelium was 96.19 +/- 1.01215 mm and 50.69 +/- 1.20064mm in groups A and B respectively after eight week of treatment. Mean thickness of germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules of group B was decrease significantly [P<0.0001] as compare to group A. Heavy metal lead present in environment had direct toxic effects on male germinal epithelium and produced damaged on male germinal epithelium

Effect on histological and sperm kinetics in DBP exposed Wistar rats.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, extensively used as a softener for polyvinyl chloride resins. A study was conducted to evaluate its effect on reproductive function of Wistar rats. DBP was given orally at a dose of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg(-1) body weight for 7 days. Evaluating histological and fertility parameters assessed reproductive function. Significant reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter, Leydig cell nuclear diameter (except at dose 500 mg), number of primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids were observed. Caudal sperm density and viability reduced significantly. Decrease in serum testosterone was also observed. Evidence indicates that DBP exposure causes dose dependent testicular toxicity and has the potential to induce adverse effect.

The effect of finasteride on spermatogenesis of Mesocricetus auratus / Impacto da finasterida na espermatogênese do Mesocricetus auratus

PURPOSE: To study the effect of finasteride on the spermatogenesis of adult Mesocricetus auratus. METHODS: Twenty adult hamsters were evaluated. The animals were one year-older, and were randomly divided in 2 different groups: control group with ten animals (n=10) and experimental group also with ten animals (n=10). The animals in the experimental group were shot 7.14 ng/mL (0.5mL) of finasteride by 100mg/Kg, subcutaneously in the dorsal region three times per week during 90 days. This dose correspondes to 5mg of the drug used in adult men for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). After three months, the animals were anesthetized through association of 200mg/kg ketamine chloridrate and 2.5 mg/kg of diazepan and were dead through hypovolemia.. The testis removed along with the whole genitourinary apparel were fixed with 10 percent formalin and submitted to histological analisys by optical microscopy. The hematoxilin-eosin (HE) method was used to stain the slides. RESULTS: The mean weight of animals in the control group before death was 129.0±18.8gr. The mean weight of animals in experimental group was 145.0±15.25gr. The mean age of animals in control group before death was 15.2±1.13 months. The mean age of animals in experimental group before death was 17.16±0.82 months. The mean difference in weight between both groups was not statistical significant (p=0.0514). The totality of animals in control group (100 percent) presented no tubular alterations and showed no disturbancy in the spermatogenesis stages. Four animals (40 percent) in the experimental group showed hypotrophy of the seminiferous tubules and six (60 percent) showed normal spermatogenesis, however reduced compared to control group. There was statiscally significant difference (p=0.043) between the control and experimental group related to testicular alterations. CONCLUSION: The animals that were administered finasteride showed significant...

OBJETIVO: Estudar o impacto da finasterida na espermatogênese do Mesocricetus auratus, adulto. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 20 hamsters adultos, com idades superiores a 1 ano, distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo controle com dez animais (n=10) e grupo experimental também com dez animais (n=10). No grupo experimental foi aplicado 7,14ng/mL (0,5mL) de finasterida por 100mg/Kg/peso, subcutâneo (SC), na região dorsal do animal, três vezes por semana por 90 dias, dose correspondente a 5mg da droga usada em homens adultos, para tratamento da hiperplasia benigna da próstata (HBP). No final de três meses, esses Hamsters foram mortos por hipovolemia, após serem anestesiados com cloridrato de quetamina, na dosagem de 200 mg/kg juntamente com diazepam, na dosagem de 2,5 mg/kg. Os testículos foram retirados em monobloco juntamente com todo o aparelho geniturinário, fixados em formalina a 10 por cento e encaminhados à histotécnica para posterior análise histológica em microscópico óptico. Foram usadas para coloração das lâminas a hematoxilina e eosina (HE). RESULTADOS: Quando foram mortos, os Hamsters do grupo de controle pesaram em média 129,0g e desvio padrão (DP) de 18,8g. O grupo de experimento apresentou média de peso de 145,0g e DP de 15,25g. A idade dos animas de controle quando foram mortos apresentou média de 15,2 meses e DP de 1,13 meses. Os animais de experimento apresentaram média de idade de 17,16 meses e DP de 0,82. A diferença das médias de peso entre os dois grupos não teve significado estatístico (p=0,0514). Os animais (100 por cento) do grupo controle não tiveram alterações tubulares e apresentaram todas as etapas da espermatogênese normais. Quatro animais (40 por cento) do grupo de experimento apresentaram hipotrofia dos túbulos seminíferos, e seis (60 por cento) desses animais apresentaram espermatogênese normal, mas diminuída em relação ao grupo controle. Do ponto de vista estatístico houve significância (p=0,043) entre o grupo de...

[ effect of formaldehyde on somniferous tubules of Balb/c mice]

To examine the effect of formaldehyde on somniferous ducts of laboratory animals. This study investigated 24 male Balb/c mice 20 days old that randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Experimental group was administered every other days at the rate of 0.25 mg/kg formaldehyde intrapritoneally for 20 days. The control group received the same volume of normal saline during the same period of times. At the end of exposure time, the sample of both groups were anesthetized and Transected. Their removed testies were processed, serially sectioned and histochemically studied. Our findings showed that the mean of internal diameter of somniferous tubules decreased significantly in experimental group compared to control group while the mean of external diameter was the same in both groups. Furthermore the prolifration rates of I and II spermatocytes were decreased significantly in experimental group compared to control group. The findings indicate that administration of formldehyde can influence the structure of male reproductive system and affect on spermatogenesis procedure

Protection of the cells of the seminiferous tubules by alpha-tocopherol following hyperthermic injury

Exposing the testis of adult wistar rats to hyperthermic condition [43°C.] for a period of 15 minutes resulted in the arrest of the process of spermatogenesis. In addition to this, a cytotoxic effect of the hyperthermic assault was confirmed by this study. The cytotoxic effect is however more pronounced in the more matured cellular components of the seminiferous tubules as against the more primitive cells. The seminiferous tubule epithelium as well as the Sertoli cells was not spared of the adverse effects of the hyperthermic assault. Leydig cells were however spared. The possibility of the involvement of reactive oxygen species generation in the deleterious effect of hyperthermia on the rat testis was confirmed by this work. This is confirmed by the protective effect of alpha-tocopherol, a well known antioxidant, at 25mg/kg body weight administered parenterally 1 day before the hyperthermic assault particularly on the more matured cells of the tubule. It also protected the seminiferous tubule epithelium and the Sertoli cells. Despite the ability of alpha-tocopherol to protect the aforementioned, the arrangement of the components of the seminiferous tubules was not protected by the administered dose of alpha-tocopherol

Effect of methotrexate (MTX) administration on spermatogenesis: an experimental on animal model.

An experiment was conducted to observe histomorphometric and cellular toxicity on rat testes after sixty days of methotrexate administration intraperitoneally (ip). Total 30 adult male rats were divided into one control and two experimental groups containing 10 rats in each group. Experimental groups received methotrexate in two different doses i.e 25 ig and 50 ig, whereas control one received normal saline intraperitoneally. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and testes were processed for paraffin sectioning and stained in haematoxylin and eosin. Further microscopic study of seminiferous tubules, interstitial spaces, primary spermatocytes and spermatids were carriedout. Results revealed decreased diameter of seminiferous tubules, increased interstiial spaces in experimental groups in dose dependent manner and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) as well as distortion of morphology of Leydig cells in experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that these qualitative and quantitative changes in male gonads may alter the reproductive performance of animals.

[ morphologic and morphometric study of adult mouse testis following different doses of busulfan administration]

Anti-cancer drugs have adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Therefore, information on their role for the prevention of germinal epithelium destruction is necessary. The aim of this study was morphologic and morphometric evaluations of testes, measurement of volume and volume density of testes parameters, measurement of tubular diameters, germ and somatic cell counts following administration of different doses of busulfan in adult mice. In the present study, 42 male NMRI mice aged 6-8 weeks were used. The animals were divided into 5 groups. Case groups received a single dose of busulfan by intraperitoneal injection as 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg in the first, second, third and forth groups respectively. The control group received only the solvent for busulfan. All the animals were killed 35 days after treatment and their testes were dissected out and processed for light microscope studies. Then morphometric studies were performed on testicular parameters. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant Busulfan administration in 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg doses significantly reduced most morphometric parameters in testes with a maximum effect in the 40 mg/kg group. Volumes of testes, tubules and germinal epithelia were decreased significantly in the experiment groups [p<0.05] however, the volume of interstitial tissue increased [p<0.05]. Tubular diameters and thickness of epithelia were also decreased in the experiment groups. Number of germ cells was reduced, but number of sertoli cells was not affected. The number of leydig cells were not affected in 10 and 20 mg/kg busulfan treated groups, however in the 40 mg/kg treated group they were increased significantly [p<0.003]. In 5 mg/kg treated group there were no significant differences in morphologic and morphometric studies. Busulfan could reduce testicular parameters and disrupt spermatogenesis through affecting both germ and somatic cells in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, the side effects of busulfan on spermatogenesis should be considered during cancer therapies

Stereological and morphometric analysis of collagen and seminiferous tubules in testes of patients with cryptorchidism submitted or not to treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin

OBJECTIVES: Quantify the distribution of collagen and analyze the seminiferous tubules diameter in the testis of patients with cryptorchidism, to verify if the previous use of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) affects these structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of parenchymal tissue of cryptorchid testis obtained during peroperative biopsies were collected from 26 patients. Sixteen samples were embedded in paraffin and stained with picrosirius red to evidence fibers of collagen system. The quantification of these fibers was determined by stereological methods, using a test system M-42. To obtain seminiferous tubules diameter we used 10 of the 26 samples. These samples were embedded in Epon and the analyses were carried out in semi-thin sections, stained with toluidin blue. The selected results of each group were statistically analyzed and compared by the student's t and Tukey-Kramer's tests. RESULTS: The testicular interstitium and lamina propria of patients treated with hCG showed statistically significant less collagen system fibers, when compared to the testes of patients nontreated (0.30 percent versus 0.39 percent, p = 0.0079). The seminiferous tubules diameters were not statistically significant different between the testes of patients treated and nontreated with hCG (67.5 versus 59.35 µm, p = 0.0609). CONCLUSIONS: hCG use in the cryptorchidism could delay, at least temporarily, a progressive growth of fibers of collagen system. We did not find statistically significant difference in the seminiferous tubular diameters between treated and nontreated patients.