Knowledge of adolescents regarding sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy / Conocimiento de adolescentes acerca de enfermedades de transmisión sexual y embarazo / Conhecimento de adolescentes relacionados às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e gravidez

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the knowledge of adolescents related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), AIDS, and pregnancy, and understand the role of school in sex education. Method: A qualitative descriptive study, developed through a semi-structured interview and a form for participant characterization, with 22 high school students from a public school aged 16 to 19 years. Data were submitted to content analysis. Results: After analysis, four thematic categories were developed: sexuality and sex education; understanding of risk behaviors; knowledge of STI/AIDS; and knowledge of and practices for prevention. Final considerations: This study showed the need for preventive educational actions for adolescents, because the lack of information contributes to their vulnerability. The adolescents recognize the importance of sex education; therefore it is important to implement strategies to promote and protect health in the school environment to encourage and strengthen self-care in health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar el conocimiento de adolescentes acerca de Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS), SIDA y embarazo, además de conocer la comprensión del papel de la escuela en la educación sexual. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado mediante entrevista semiestructurada y formulario de caracterización de participantes, con 22 adolescentes de 16 a 19 años, estudiantes de Enseñanza Media en escuela pública. Datos sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Del análisis surgieron cuatro categorías temáticas: Sexualidad y educación sexual; Comprensión de comportamientos de riesgo; Conocimiento de ETS/SIDA; Conocimiento y prácticas de prevención. Consideraciones finales: Se reveló necesidad de acciones educativas de prevención para los adolescentes; la falta de información contribuye a su vulnerabilidad. Los adolescentes reconocen la importancia de la educación sexual; consecuentemente, es importante la implementación de estrategias de promoción y protección de la salud en el ámbito escolar, para contribuir al fortalecimiento del autocuidado de la salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento de adolescentes relacionado às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), AIDS e gravidez, além de conhecer a compreensão sobre o papel da escola na educação sexual. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e formulário para caracterização dos participantes, com 22 adolescentes entre 16 e 19 anos de idade, estudantes do Ensino Médio em uma escola pública. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: da análise emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: Sexualidade e educação sexual; Compreensão de comportamentos de risco; Conhecimento de IST/AIDS; Conhecimento e práticas de prevenção. Considerações finais: revelou-se a necessidade de ações educativas de prevenção para os adolescentes, pois a falta de informações contribui para a sua vulnerabilidade. Os adolescentes reconhecem a importância da educação sexual; consequentemente, é importante a implementação de estratégias de promoção e de proteção à saúde no ambiente escolar para contribuir e fortalecer o autocuidado na saúde.

Effects of a Maternal Sexuality Education Program for Mothers of Preschoolers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of a maternal sexuality education program for mothers of preschoolers. METHODS: A quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. The participants were 55 mothers of preschoolers in G city (Experimental group=27, Control group=28). The experimental group received the maternal sexuality education, and the control group received the program after the experiment. Data were collected during October and November 2012 through self-administered questionnaires at two times: prior to the intervention and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and t-test. RESULTS: After the intervention, mothers in the experimental group reported significant differences in knowledge of sex (t=3.74, p<.001), attitude toward sex (t=4.31, p<.001), parent-efficacy on child sexuality education (t=11.96, p<.001). compared to mothers in the control group. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that a sexuality education program for mothers of preschoolers is effective in improving knowledge of sex, attitude toward sex, and parent-efficacy on child sexuality education. Therefore further study should be done with larger and varied participants to confirm the effects of sexuality education programs for mothers of preschoolers.

Compreensão sobre sexualidade e sexo nas escolas segundo professores do ensino fundamental / Comprensión del sexo y la sexualidad en las escuelas, de acuerdo a la visión de profesores de enseñanza primaria / Understanding sexuality and sex in schools according to primary education teachers

Com o objetivo de identificarmos a forma pela qual professores de Ensino Fundamental compreendem a sexualidade/sexo na escola, procuramos levantar dados relativos a estas questões no cotidiano escolar, verificando a posição da escola e como lidam com isto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, humanista, por meio de pesquisa-ação. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio da observação participante e entrevista individual, usando um questionário com questões norteadoras. Os dados levantados foram organizados em categorias. A análise possibilitou apreender que a maioria dos professores valoriza o diálogo como meio de orientação aos alunos. Destacam a necessidade de obterem apoio de profissionais qualificados sobre a temática, e dão relevância à participação da família no processo de orientação. Neste processo, a Escola pode ser o recurso para ajudar familiares, professores e escolares a compreenderem melhor os pressupostos da educação sexual e profissionais da saúde são grandes aliados, no sentido de conscientizá-los e orientá-los. Baseando-se nos achados, desenvolveram-se ações/intervenções educativas junto aos professores, visando prepará-los para atuarem como agentes multiplicadores no cotidiano escolar. Os professores sugerem a busca de parcerias e a elaboração de estratégias de orientação sexual.

With the objective of identifying how teachers at a primary education level understand sexuality/sex in the school, we sought to collect data relative to these issues in the everyday school life, observing the school's position and how they deal with this issue. This is a qualitative, humanist study, performed by means of research-action. Data collection was performed through participant observation and individual interviews, using a questionnaire containing guiding questions. Data analysis revealed that most teachers value dialogue as a form of orienting their students. They emphasize the need to consult with qualified professionals to gain support regarding the issue and value family participation in the orientation process. In this manner, the school can help relatives, teachers and students to better understand the presuppositions of sex education, and health professionals are strong allies to build their awareness and provide orientation. Based on the findings, educational actions/interventions were performed with the teachers for the purpose of preparing them to work as multiplying agents in everyday school life. The teachers suggest seeking partnerships and creating sex orientation strategies.

Con el objetivo de identificar el modo por el cual los profesores de Educación Primaria comprenden la sexualidad y el sexo en la escuela, buscamos recolectar datos relativos a estas cuestiones en el devenir escolar cotidiano., verificando la posición de la escuela y la manera en que se trabaja la temática. Esta investigación se trata de una encuesta cualitativa y humanista, en la que se utilizó el método de pesquisa-acción. La recolección de datos fue realizada a través de la observación con participación y la entrevista individual, utilizándose un cuestionario con preguntas orientadoras. Los datos recogidos fueron organizados en categorías. El análisis posibilitó entender que la mayoría de los profesores valoriza el diálogo como elemento de orientación a los alumnos. Ellos mismos destacan la necesidad de obtener respaldo de profesionales calificados en la materia, y dan relevancia a la participación de la familia en el proceso de orientación. En este punto, la escuela puede ser la institución idónea para ayudar a familiares, profesores y alumnos a comprender mejor los supuestos de la educación sexual, y los profesionales de la salud se constituyen en grandes aliados, en el sentido de concientizar y orientar. De acuerdo con las conclusiones, se desarrollaron acciones e intervenciones educativas junto a los profesores, proponiéndose prepararlos para que actúen como agentes multiplicadores en el ámbito del cotidiano escolar. Los propios profesores sugieren la búsqueda de asociaciones con órganos competentes y la elaboración de estrategias de orientación sexual.

Promoción de la salud sexual y prevención del VIH-sida y de las ITS en los pueblos indígenas de las Américas / Promotion of sexual health and prevention of HIV-AIDS and STIs in the villages indigenous peoples of the Americas

Promoción de la salud sexual y prevención del VIH-sida y de las ITS en los pueblos indígenas de las Américas, documento trata de las bases del pensamiento y comportamiento indígenas, las vivencias de la sexualidad: género, cuerpo, amor y placer, Concepciones de la salud y la enfermedad: ITS y SIDA, Gobiernos locales: curación y prevención de la enfermedad y promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva, Estados nacionales: políticas de salud sexual y reproductiva y programas educativos de salud sexual, Instituciones internacionales: alianzas estratégicas, movilización de recursos financieros y técnicos y socialización de experiencias

Comportamientos sexuales de adolescentes y jóvenes adultos en comunidades de Honduras / Adolescents youngsters Sexual behaviorus in communities in Honduras

OBJETIVOS. En Honduras, con altas tasas de infecciones de transmisión sexual y VIH/sida y violencia, resulta urgente conocer los comportamientos relacionados con las prácticas sexuales de los adolescentes y adultos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Este estudio, ha pretendido recoger a través de una etnografía las principales manifestaciones de la sexualidad de los/las jóvenes en comunidades de obreros/as del Distrito Central, Valle de Sula y costa atlántica del país. RESULTADOS. Se encontró que las conductas sexuales se conforman y se refuerzan dentro y a partir de grupos primarios. La formación que reciben niños y adolescentes enfatiza en que la niña aprenda a ser complaciente, obediente, sumisa, pasiva y cariñosa; el niño a ser rebelde, voluntarioso, agresivo, con la convicción de que ser hombre es mejor que ser mujer. El doble y contradictorio proceso de socialización se traduce en æÉxito inmediato, sexo temprano. Ambos aprenden a mentir desde muy temprano, rasgo potenciado por la extendida indolencia ante los fenómenos sociales, políticos y culturales. Un importante vacío detectado es la ignorancia acerca de la sexualidad y el desconocimiento sobre su propio organismo. CONCLUSIONES. Es necesario vigilar los comportamientos condicionantes de epidemias como sida y violencia, aplicar sistemas de consejería para atender a los niños y jóvenes, y lograr acuerdos básicos entre los grupos que establecen políticas de educación y conducen procesos de persuasión dirigidos a jóvenes y adultos...

TeenSTAR: una opción de madurez y libertad. Programa de educación integral de la sexualidad, orientado a adolescentes / Effects of Teenstar, an abstinence only sexual education program, on adolescent sexual behavior

Background: Urgent measures are required to stop the increase in the frequency of pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. A means of facing this problem is promoting sexual abstinence among youngsters. There are studies that confirm the efficacy of this approach. Aim: To show the results of the application of a holistic sexuality program (TeenSTAR) among Chilean teenagers. Subjects and Methods: Students attending basic or high school were divided into a control or study group. The control group (342 students) received the usual education on sexuality given by their schools and the study group (398 students) participated in twelve TeenSTAR sessions lasting 1.5 hours each, given by a trained professor. Assessment of achievements was made using an anonymous questionnaire answered at the start and end of the program. Results: The rates of sexual initiation among control and study groups were 15 and 6.5%, respectively. Among sexually active students, 20% of those in the study group and 9% of those in the control group discontinued sexual activity. Conclusions: A higher proportion of students in the TeenSTAR program retarded their sexual initiation or discontinued sexual activity and found more reasons to maintain sexual abstinence than control students.

Educación para la vida manual de educación de la sexualidad / Education for the manual education life of the sexuality

Presenta el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes (MECD) pone a disposición este Manual introductorio sobre educación sexual que representa un primer esfuerzo apra aplicar el Plan de Acción de la Política Nacional de Población del Gobierno de Nicaragua, el cual orienta impulsar un Programa forma de Educación en Población y de la Sexualidad, bajo la dirección del MECD. Este manual es un instrumento de lectura, consulta y profundización en el tema de la sexualidad para que los educadores puedan tener una comprensión integral de la misma, orientar oportunamente a los padres de familia y manejar adecuadamente diversas situaciones de aprendizaje que a diario se presetan en los diferenes ambientes en donde se desarolla el proceso educativo, en la familia, la escuela y la comunidad. Este manual sera utilizado para fines didáctico en una primera etapa en calidad de experiencia demostrativa, esperando se enriquezca con las lecciones aprendidas de la labor cotidiana, el análisis y la reflexión de los docentes involucrados

Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HIV/AIDS in Sana'a, Yemen

Although HIV prevalence is low in the Republic of Yemen, existing conditions could lead to the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. Interviewers helped 1033 residents aged 14-49 years from randomly chosen households to complete a survey of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HIV/AIDS. General awareness was good, although there were many misconceptions about transmission modes, stigmas and discrimination against HIV positive persons. Knowledge was significantly determined by schooling, residence and sex. Although they recognized the global threat of AIDS, participants underestimated its threat to the Republic of Yemen. Television was the commonest source of information. Fostering public awareness is recommended to facilitate the development of intervention programmes, fight stigmas and ensure delivery of care to those affected

Prisoners' knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its prevention in Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran

Knowledge of prisoners regarding HIV/AIDS in Kerman was evaluated. Analysis indicated that the sample [n = 350] of prisoners had relatively high knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its modes of transmission. However, they had a lower level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention. The overall knowledge of men about AIDS was significantly lower than women. Persons aged 46 years and older and illiterate inmates had the least knowledge about modes of transmission. In addition, the knowledge of illiterate prisoners about HIV/AIDS prevention was significantly lower than others. Evaluation of attitudes and practices of prisoners and implementation of educational programmes regarding HIV/AIDS are suggested

Knowledge of AIDS and self-efficacy to high-risk sexual practices among Lebanese males in New York

The relationship of AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy to high-risk sexual practices among Lebanese males in NewYork was examined. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by a convenience sample. Relationships between AIDS-knowledge and self-efficacy and high-risk sexual practices for the 25 homosexual men were rarely significant, probably because of the small sample. The 261 heterosexual participants had statistically significant relationships between AIDS-knowledge and 9 high-risk sexual practices and between self-efficacy and 18 high-risk sexual practices. For heterosexuals, and to a lesser degree for homosexuals, high-risk sexual practices increased as drug-related behaviours and sex with prostitutes increased

Heterosexual awareness and practices among Lebanese male conscripts

To assess sexual behaviour and awareness about sexually transmitted infections [STIs] among young male adults in Lebanon, and to explore determinants associated with increasing levels of sexual risk, a cross-sectional survey of 730 conscripts was conducted. About 50% reported any lifetime heterosexual experience. Non-mutually exclusive sex predominated, and only half of the respondents reported consistent condom use during insertive vaginal sex. Higher sexual risk-taking was associated with urban residence, higher education, lower family crowding and younger age at first sexual experience. A national strategy with epidemiological and behavioural surveillance and educational programmes must be initiated before sexual risk-taking and incidence of STIs become a major public health issue

Risk behaviours associated with urethritis and genital ulcer disease in prison inmates, Sindh, Pakistan

We evaluated the epidemiological differences with respect to demographics, drug use and sexual behaviours associated with lifetime risk of urethritis, genital ulcer disease [GUD] and urethritis and GUD together among 3395 male prisoners in Sindh. Factors associated with urethritis and GUD alone were sex with multiple females, sex with men, and ethnicity. Additional factors associated with urethritis alone were sex with prostitutes, sex with partners having multiple partners and sex with partners believed to be injecting drugs. Behaviours associated with lifetime risk for urethritis and GUD together were sex with multiple females, sex with prostitutes, sex with men, sex with partners believed to be injecting drugs and ethnicity. These relationships were consistently stronger compared to urethritis or GUD alone

Teachers awareness and opinion about AIDS--a study from eastern Nepal.

The potential for spread of HIV in Nepal is considered large because of the presence of extensive commercial sex workers, high rate of sexually transmitted disease, low condom use and many pockets of intravenous drug users. To prevent this disease from producing any public health problem in Nepal, strategies have been formulated by Government and non-government agencies in Nepal. School teachers' views and knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS are very important so that they can impart correct acknowledge about this dreaded disease AIDS to the school children who ultimately serve as catalytic agent to spread correct acknowledge in the community in long run. Teachers' awareness about HIV/AIDS in this study was fairly good. Majority of them were aware about established routes of HIV/AIDS transmission and various ways of preventing it. Various misconceptions regarding HIV transmission and its causes are the matter of concern. To impart education to the teachers and the community, more than 60% of the teachers expressed the radio to be the most effective medium. This can be suggested to the government to deliver more simple and attractive programmes about HIV/AIDS education through radio in suitable time for the community. The special AIDS education programme, for school teachers long term objective and with the support of government, non-government and social organizations will go a long way in dissemination of health knowledge to the school children.

Sugerencias de desarrollo temático en educacion para la sexualidad / Suggestions of thematic development in education for the sexuality

El cuaderno de trabajo sobre educacion en y para la sexualidad,que contiene sugerencias temáticas e informacion a ser utilizada en los procesos educativos.