ABSTRACT
Introduction. Workplace bullying and sexual harassment are concerns among general surgery residents in Colombia. Objective. To explore the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying and sexual harassment incidents among general surgery residents in Colombia. Materials and methods. This nationwide study was conducted in 2020. Residents selfrated their exposure to workplace bullying and to sexual harassment in the forms of gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion. We analyzed demographic variables, perpetrator's characteristics, and differences between victims and non-victims. Results. The study included 302 residents. It found that 49% of general surgery residents in Colombia suffered from workplace bullying and 14.9% experienced sexual harassment. The main forms of sexual harassment were gender harassment (47%) and unwanted sexual attention (47%). Women reported significantly higher rates of being sexually harassed. Surgeons were the main perpetrators of sexual harassment. Conclusions. Workplace bullying and sexual harassment are frequent events in general surgery residency in Colombia. These findings suggest the need for interventions to improve the educational culture of surgical departments and decrease the prevalence of these behaviors.
Introducción. El acoso laboral y el acoso sexual son preocupaciones en la formación quirúrgica. Objetivo. Exploramos la magnitud de estos problemas entre los residentes de cirugía general en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio nacional en junio de 2020. Los residentes autoevaluaron su exposición a la intimidación y el acoso sexual en forma de acoso de género, atención sexual no deseada y coerción sexual. Se analizaron variables demográficas y perpetradores entre víctimas y no víctimas. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 302 residentes. Las tasas de acoso laboral y sexual fueron del 49% y 14,9%, respectivamente. Las principales formas de acoso sexual correspondieron al acoso de género (47%) y la atención sexual no deseada (47%). El acoso sexual fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres. Los cirujanos fueron los principales perpetradores. Conclusiones. El acoso laboral y el acoso sexual son frecuentes en la formación quirúrgica en Colombia. Estos hallazgos conducen a intervenciones para mejorar la cultura educativa de los departamentos quirúrgicos para disminuir la prevalencia de estos comportamientos.
Subject(s)
Sexual Harassment , Occupational Stress , Medical Staff, Hospital , General Surgery , Cross-Sectional Studies , Social DiscriminationABSTRACT
El acoso sexual se manifiesta ante la presencia de una serie de conductas de carácter sexual, explícitas o implícitas que resultan invasivas para quien las recibe. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la asociación entre tipo de acoso sexual y género en docentes y personal de apoyo a la academia de una universidad pública ecuatoriana. El estudio tuvo un diseño observacional con alcance asociativo y de corte transversal. Este se desarrolló en un entorno universitario ecuatoriano en 2021 con una población de 1247 docentes y personal de apoyo a la academia, seleccionando una muestra de 484 participantes mediante un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo sujetos voluntarios. Los datos se recolectaron a través de la aplicación de la encuesta ASIES. El 58,3% perteneció al género masculino, predominando las personas autoidentificadas como heterosexuales y la edad promedio fue 41 años. El 14,3% (69) sufrió alguna clase de acoso sexual durante su estadía en la institución, de las que, el 76,8% correspondió al género femenino, esas dos variables se asociaron significativamente (χ²=42,378; p=0,000). La diferencia en la prevalencia entre mujeres y hombres fue estadísticamente significativa (χ²= 42,378; valor p = 0,000). El acoso sexual se asoció significativamente con el género de los participantes autoidentificados como víctimas, observándose que en los hombres predominó en acoso verbal; mientras que, en las mujeres fue el no verbal
Sexual harassment manifests itself in a series of sexual, explicit, or implicit behaviors that are invasive for those who receive them. This study aimed to determine the association between the type of sexual harassment and gender in teachers and academic support staff of an Ecuado-rian public university. The study had an observational design with an associative and cross-sec-tional scope. This research was developed in an Ecuadorian university environment in 2021 with a population of 1,247 teachers and academy support staff, selecting a sample of 484 parti-cipants through a non-probabilistic sampling of voluntary subjects. The data were collected through the ASIES survey application. 58.3% were male, with a predominance of people self-identified as heterosexual, and the average age was 41. 14.3% (69) suffered sexual harass-ment during their stay at the institution, of which 76.8% corresponded to the female gender. These two variables were significantly associated (χ²=42.378; p=0.000). The difference in prevalence between women and men was statistically significant (χ²=42.378; p-value=0.000). Sexual harassment was significantly associated with the gender of the participants who self-identified as victims. It was observed that verbal harassment predominated in men and non-verbal in women.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Universities , Sexual Harassment , Faculty , Women , Behavior , MenABSTRACT
Background: Every day females experience different types of sexual harassment while using public transportation worldwide. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of sexual harassment amongst female students who travel by public transportation at the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected using electronic questionnaires and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 21. Frequencies and percentages were used for data summary. Association between variables was determined using Chi Square test. Statistical significance was a p-value < 0.05. Results: Ninety-three percent of female students in FUTA had experienced sexual harassment. Among those who had experienced sexual harassment, 98.4% were single, 81.5% lived off campus, 79.0% used public bus, 45.4% commuted daily, 84.7% was in an overcrowded vehicle and 52.9% was in the evening. There was a significant association between sexual harassment and marital status (p = 0.033), place of residence (p = 0.019), mode of public transportation (p = 0.014), time of travel (p = 0.018). Verbal sexual harassment was most prevalent (91.1%), followed by physical sexual harassment (87.6%) and non-verbal sexual harassment (82%). Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of sexual harassment among female university students in FUTA using public transportation, which occurs in a variety of scenarios, particularly in crowded vehicles during rush hour
Subject(s)
Surveys and Questionnaires , Sexual HarassmentABSTRACT
This study examined the content published by the newspaper Folha de São Paulo regarding domestic violence before and after Law 11340/06, commonly known as Maria da Penha Law, came into force. A retrospective and comparative documentary research analyzed 3408 news reports published between 1994 and 2018. Divided into two corpora, '12 years before' and '12 years after' the Law, the material was analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software and Descending Hierarchical Classification. The first corpus included news reports on cases involving celebrities and little about ordinary people. It also covered the feminist struggle to reduce domestic violence, focusing on specialized police stations and shelters. The second corpus included reports on the achievements generated by the Law and its challenges, pointing out the need to regard the law as more than a punitive instrument, addressing its preventive and care spheres. Problematizing how the media discloses such law is paramount, since the content divulged affects the construction of social representations.(AU)
Este artículo tuvo por objetivo identificar el contenido de la violencia doméstica transmitido en el periódico Folha de S. Paulo antes y después de la Ley 11.340/2006 (Ley Maria da Penha). La investigación fue de carácter documental retrospectivo y comparativa, realizada a partir de 3.408 noticias difundidas entre 1994 y 2018. El material se dividió en dos corpus: 12 años antes y 12 años después de la Ley, y se analizó con el software IRaMuTeQ. En el primer corpus, los medios informaron casos de celebridades y poco sobre la gente común. También abordaron la lucha feminista para reducir la violencia doméstica. Como no existe una legislación específica, la atención se centró en estaciones de policía especializadas y refugios. En el segundo corpus, se observaron los logros generados por la Ley y sus desafíos. Se identificó la necesidad de mirar la Ley desde un punto de vista no solo punitivo, sino también abordando las esferas preventivas y de asistencia. Se enfatiza la importancia de problematizar la difusión de la Ley en los medios, ya que los contenidos generalizados afectan la construcción de las representaciones sociales.(AU)
Este artigo pretende identificar o conteúdo sobre violência doméstica difundido no jornal Folha de S. Paulo antes e depois da Lei 11340/06 (Maria da Penha). A pesquisa foi documental, retrospectiva e comparativa; com 3408 reportagens entre 1994 e 2018. O material foi dividido em dois corpora: 12 anos antes e 12 anos depois da lei, e analisado com software IRaMuTeQ. No primeiro corpus, a mídia divulgava casos de celebridades e pouco acerca de pessoas do cotidiano. Também trouxe a luta feminista para diminuir a violência doméstica. Em virtude da então inexistência de uma legislação específica, os destaques eram as delegacias especializadas e as casas abrigo. No segundo corpus, observou-se as conquistas geradas pela lei e seus desafios. Identificou-se a necessidade de olhar para a lei por um viés não apenas punitivista, abordando as esferas preventivas e assistenciais. Destaca-se a importância de problematizar a difusão da lei na mídia, visto que os conteúdos perpassados afetam a construção de representações sociais.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Women , Domestic Violence , Social Representation , Mass Media , Periodicals as Topic , Population , Prisons , Psychology, Social , Public Opinion , Punishment , Quality of Life , Radio , Sex Offenses , Shame , Social Conditions , Social Environment , Social Problems , Socioeconomic Factors , Spouse Abuse , Television , Torture , Unemployment , Women's Rights , National Health Strategies , Attitude , Divorce , Family , Marriage , Family Characteristics , News , Civil Rights , Sexual Harassment , Communication , Colonialism , Feminism , Crime Victims , Periodical , Crime , Single-Parent Family , Culture , Dangerous Behavior , Death , Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute , Aggression , Human Rights Abuses , Dependency, Psychological , Dominance-Subordination , Disease Prevention , Family Relations , Stalking , Fear , Femininity , Sexism , Social Capital , Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders , Psychological Trauma , Defamation , Intimate Partner Violence , Physical Abuse , Gender-Based Violence , Political Activism , Social Oppression , Sexual Vulnerability , Androcentrism , Freedom , Data Analysis , Social Vulnerability Index , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Sexual Trauma , Gender Equity , Social Structure , Home Environment , Citizenship , Family Structure , Psychological Well-Being , Homicide , Malpractice , Motion PicturesABSTRACT
A violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) consiste em atos que ameacem causar ou efetivamente causem danos em um parceiro dentro de uma relação afetivo-sexual, independente da configuração ou tempo do relacionamento ou de haver coabitação ou não entre as partes. Nas relações homossexuais, a VPI é invisibilizada de diversas maneiras, mesmo sendo reconhecida como uma grave violação de direitos humanos. O estudo objetivou compreender os significados da VPI para um grupo de homens que se relacionam com homens (HRH). Participaram da pesquisa oito HRH, selecionados através da técnica "bola de neve", utilizada devido à sensibilidade do tema, considerando os estigmas de ser HRH. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevista semiestruturada e foram analisados pela Análise Temática. Como resultados, foram construídas seis categorias: 1º) O armário; 2º) Homofobia 3º) Racismo, poder e vulnerabilidade a VPI; 4º) Sexualidade; 5º) Infidelidade; 6º) HIV, que discutem a interseccionalidade de diversas formas de opressão na produção de VPI entre HRH. Conclui-se que a VPI vivenciada por esse grupo é influenciada por diversos fatores que envolvem a interseccionalidade de vários marcadores sociais, como os estereótipos de masculinidade em relação a hipersexualização e infidelidade, a homofobia como fator direto do estresse minoritário, o racismo que hierarquiza os corpos e invisibiliza o afeto de homens negros, e o estigma de HIV no imaginário social.(AU)
Intimate partner violence (IPV) consists of acts that threaten to harm or actually harm to a partner within an affective-sexual relationship, regardless of the configuration or duration of the relationship or whether or not there is cohabitation between the parties. In homosexual relationships, IPV is made invisible in several ways, even though it is recognized as a serious violation of human rights. The study aimed to understand the meanings of IPV for a group of men in same sex relationships (MSSR). Eight MSSR participated in the research, selected by snowball sampling, used due to the topic's sensitivity, considering the stigmas involved in being MSSR. Data were constructed via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. As a result, six categories were constructed: 1) The closet persons; 2) Homophobia; 3) Racism, power, and vulnerability to IPV; 4) Sexuality; 5) Infidelity; 6) HIV, which discuss the intersectionality of various forms of oppression in the production of IPV among MSSR. Thus, the IPV experienced by this group is influenced by several factors that involve the intersectionality between different social markers, such as stereotypes of masculinity in relation to hypersexualization and infidelity, homophobia as a direct factor of minority stress, the racism that hierarchizes bodies and makes the affection of Black men and the stigma of HIV invisible in the social imaginary.(AU)
La violencia de pareja (VP) consiste en actos que amenazan con causar o de hecho causan daño a una pareja dentro de una relación afectivo-sexual, independientemente de la configuración o duración de la relación o de si existe o no cohabitación entre las partes. En las relaciones homosexuales, la VP se invisibiliza de varias formas, a pesar de que se reconoce como una grave violación de los derechos humanos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los significados de VP para un grupo de hombres que se relacionan con hombres (HRH). Ocho HRH participaron de la investigación, seleccionados mediante la técnica de "bola de nieve", utilizada debido a la sensibilidad del tema, considerando los estigmas de ser HRH. Los datos se construyeron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y se sometieron a análisis temático. Como resultado se construyeron seis categorías: 1.ª) El armario; 2.º) Homofobia; 3.º) Racismo, poder y vulnerabilidad a la VP; 4.º) Sexualidad; 5.º) Infidelidad; 6.ª) HIV; que discuten la interseccionalidad de diferentes formas de opresión en la producción de VP entre HRH. Se concluye que la VP vivida por este grupo está influida por varios factores que involucran la interseccionalidad entre distintos marcadores sociales, como los estereotipos de masculinidad en relación con la hipersexualización y la infidelidad, la homofobia como factor directo de estrés minoritario, el racismo que jerarquiza cuerpos e invisibiliza en el imaginario social el afecto de los hombres negros y el estigma del HIV en el imaginario social.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Power, Psychological , Marriage , Masculinity , Intimate Partner Violence , Psychological Distress , Men , Paraphilic Disorders , Prejudice , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Rape , Rejection, Psychology , Self Concept , Sexual Behavior , Sex Offenses , Shame , Social Problems , Spouse Abuse , Awareness , Therapeutics , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Family , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Mental Health , Prevalence , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Sexual Harassment , Condoms , Interview , Domestic Violence , Homosexuality, Male , Hazards , Safe Sex , Dangerous Behavior , Aggression , Racial Groups , Dependency, Psychological , Unsafe Sex , Diagnosis , Alcoholism , Erotica , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Fear , Pleasure , Social Stigma , Sexual Health , Racism , Sexism , Social Marginalization , Criminal Behavior , Defamation , Social Oppression , Sexual Vulnerability , Androcentrism , Gender Stereotyping , Embarrassment , Emotional Abuse , Gender Equity , Genital Diseases , Family Structure , Guilt , Handling, Psychological , Homicide , Hostility , JealousyABSTRACT
Este artigo tem como objetivo produzir uma análise histórica sobre as intersecções entre Psicologia e sexualidade desviantes da norma no Brasil, de fins do século XIX a meados da década de 1980. Esta temporalidade foi escolhida por abarcar o surgimento das pesquisas científicas sobre sexualidade e desvios sexuais, a consolidação dos estudos psicológicos sobre a temática e o processo mais recente de despatologização da homossexualidade. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, foram adotados os pressupostos da História Social da Psicologia e da historiografia das homossexualidades no Brasil. Desse modo, buscou-se compreender como as ideias, concepções e práticas psicológicas foram mudando ao longo do tempo, em conexão com as transformações socioculturais e políticas que ocorreram durante o século XX. Para isto, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa com vistas à produção de interpretações sobre as conexões entre as ideias, os atores e os eventos narrados. Argumenta-se, ao longo do artigo, que as ideias e práticas psicológicas estão intrinsecamente conectadas aos contextos socioculturais e políticos de seu tempo, sendo os movimentos dinâmicos e os conflitos presentes nesses contextos fatores determinantes para a sua constituição.(AU)
This article aims to produce a historical analysis of the intersections between Psychology and sexualities that deviate from the norm in Brazil, from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s. This period was chosen because it encompasses the emergence of scientific research on sexuality and sexual deviations, the consolidation of psychological studies on the subject and the most recent process of de-pathologization of homosexuality. Theoretically and methodologically, the assumptions of the Social History of Psychology and the historiography of homosexualities in Brazil were adopted. Therefore, we sought to understand how psychological ideas, conceptions and practices have changed over time, in connection with the sociocultural and political transformations that occurred throughout the 20th century. For this, primary and secondary sources of research were used to produce interpretations about the connections between the ideas, the actors and the narrated events. It is argued, throughout the article, that the psychological ideas and practices are intrinsically connected to the sociocultural and political contexts of their time, being the dynamic movements and conflicts present in these contexts determining factors for their constitution.(AU)
Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis histórico de las intersecciones entre la Psicología y las sexualidades desviadas de la norma en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Esta temporalidad fue elegida por abarcar el surgimiento de las investigaciones científicas sobre sexualidad y desvíos sexuales, la consolidación de los estudios psicológicos sobre el tema y el más reciente proceso de despatologización de la homosexualidad. En el marco teórico y metodológico, se adoptaron los presupuestos de la Historia Social de la Psicología y de la historiografía de las homosexualidades en Brasil. De esta manera, se pretende comprender cómo las ideas, concepciones y prácticas psicológicas han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con las transformaciones socioculturales y políticas ocurridas durante el siglo XX. Para ello, se utilizaron las fuentes de investigación primarias y secundarias con miras a generar interpretaciones sobre las conexiones entre las ideas, los actores y los eventos narrados. Se argumenta, a lo largo de este artículo, que las ideas y las prácticas psicológicas están intrínsecamente conectadas a los contextos socioculturales y políticos de su tiempo, y los movimientos dinámicos y los conflictos presentes en estos contextos fueron los factores determinantes para su constitución.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brazil , Homosexuality , Sexuality , History , Orgasm , Paraphilic Disorders , Pathology , Pedophilia , Personality Development , Personality Disorders , Pleasure-Pain Principle , Psychology , Psychosexual Development , Public Policy , Rationalization , Religion and Sex , Repression, Psychology , Sadism , Sex , Sexual Behavior , Disorders of Sex Development , Sex Offenses , Social Control, Formal , Social Environment , Societies , Avoidance Learning , Sublimation, Psychological , Taboo , Therapeutics , Transvestism , Unconscious, Psychology , Voyeurism , Behavior Therapy , Child Abuse, Sexual , Attitude , Homeopathic Cure , Character , Christianity , Mental Competency , Sexual Harassment , Coitus , Human Body , Homosexuality, Female , Conflict, Psychological , Community Participation , Cultural Diversity , Feminism , Heterosexuality , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological , Crime , Cultural Characteristics , Culture , Safe Sex , Mind-Body Therapies , Defense Mechanisms , Dehumanization , Human Characteristics , Intention , Moral Development , Emotions , Health Research Agenda , Discussion Forums , Population Studies in Public Health , Eugenics , Exhibitionism , Pleasure , Fetishism, Psychiatric , Sexual Health , Homophobia , Racism , Social Marginalization , Medicalization , Transgender Persons , Moral Status , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Political Activism , Gender Diversity , Asexuality , Undisclosed Sexuality , Sexuality Disclosure , Gender Norms , Gender Blind , Androcentrism , Freedom , Freudian Theory , Respect , Gender Identity , Sexual Trauma , Workhouses , Psychosocial Functioning , Gender Role , Intersectional Framework , Family Structure , Health Promotion , Human Development , Human Rights , Identification, Psychological , Anatomy , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders , Incest , Instinct , Introversion, Psychological , Libido , Masochism , Masturbation , Mental Disorders , Methods , Morale , Morals , Neurotic DisordersABSTRACT
Objetivamos apresentar uma proposta de atendimento psicossocial grupal oferecida para mulheres adultas que cometeram ofensa sexual, cuidadoras e mães. A experiência está sendo desenvolvida no Distrito Federal, Brasil, com pessoas do gênero feminino provenientes de encaminhamento judicial. Carece que os profissionais das áreas da justiça, saúde, serviço social e psicologia avancem no estudo e na compreensão desta temática, de modo a pensarem a atuação e o apoio terapêutico a essas mulheres. O modo de atendimento é focal e breve, com ênfase na criação de um ambiente lúdico como facilitador das interações grupais e da discussão sobre os temas: identidade; confiança nas relações afetivas e sociais; vivência pessoal com violência física e sexual; configuração de gênero; e expressão da sexualidade e futuro. A abordagem individual também se baseia no enfoque dos temas mencionados. O oferecimento de ajuda à mulher cuidadora ou à mãe tem participação ativa na interrupção do circuito abusivo sexual, pois essa violência é extremamente ocultada, ocasionando uma prolongada vulnerabilidade para as vítimas. Ressalta-se o valor do texto indicando a descrição de ação voltada para uma população permanentemente não estudada e evitada em seu reconhecimento. Os limites desta proposta encontram-se na falta de outras iniciativas que possibilitem uma discussão sobre essa experiência.(AU)
We aim to present a proposal of a group psychosocial intervention offered for adult female sexual offenders, caregivers, and mothers. The intervention is being developed at Federal District, Brazil, with female people coming from judicial referrals. Professionals in the areas of justice, health, social work, and psychology need to advance in the study and understanding this theme to think about action and therapeutic support for these women. The intervention is a focal and brief approach, with emphasis on the creation of a ludic environment as a facilitator of group interactions and discussion about the themes: identity; trust in affective and social relationships; personal experience with physical and sexual violence; gender configuration; and sexuality expression and future. The individual approach is also based on focusing on these themes. The offering of help to the female caregiver or the mother has an active participation in the interruption of the sexual offense circuit, since this violence is extremely hidden, bringing a prolonged condition of vulnerability to the victims. The value of this text is highlighted indicating the description of an action directed to a population that is permanently not studied and whose recognition is avoided. The limits of this proposal are found in the absence of other initiatives that would allow a discussion about this experience.(AU)
Este texto presenta una propuesta de atención psicosocial grupal destinada a mujeres adultas que han cometido delito sexual, a cuidadoras y madres. La intervención se está desarrollando en el Distrito Federal (Brasil), con personas del género femenino provenientes de remisiones judiciales. Es necesario que los profesionales de las áreas de justicia, salud, trabajo social y psicología avancen en el estudio y comprensión de esta temática para pensar en el desempeño y apoyo terapéutico de estas mujeres. El servicio es enfocado y breve, con énfasis en la creación de un ambiente lúdico como facilitador de interacciones grupales y discusión sobre los temas: identidad; confianza en las relaciones afectivas y sociales; experiencia personal con violencia física y sexual; configuración de género; y expresión de la sexualidad y el futuro. El enfoque individual también se centra en estos temas. La oferta de ayuda a la mujer cuidadora o a la madre es importante para la interrupción del circuito de abuso sexual, ya que esta violencia es extremadamente oculta y provoca una vulnerabilidad prolongada a las víctimas. Se destaca el valor del texto con la descripción de la acción dirigida a una población que no es objeto de estudios ni reconocida. Los límites de esta propuesta se encuentran en la ausencia de otras iniciativas que permitan un debate sobre esta experiencia.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Sex Offenses , Gender Identity , Psychosocial Intervention , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Pedophilia , Perception , Art Therapy , Prejudice , Sex Work , Psychology , Psychopathology , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Rape , Rejection, Psychology , Safety , Sex Education , Shame , Social Environment , Social Justice , Social Problems , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Taboo , Torture , Battered Child Syndrome , World Health Organization , Child Abuse, Sexual , Brazil , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral , Family , Child Abuse , Child Advocacy , Child Welfare , Liability, Legal , Women's Health , Parenting , Sexual Harassment , Coercion , Domestic Violence , Conflict, Psychological , Contraception , Crime Victims , Statistics , Crime , Hazards , Dangerous Behavior , Denial, Psychological , Trust , Aggression , Sexology , Human Rights Abuses , Depression , Fear , Criminals , Sexual Health , Human Trafficking , Criminal Behavior , Physical Abuse , Recidivism , Rights of Prisoners , Androcentrism , Freedom , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Respect , Emotional Abuse , Information Avoidance , Social Deprivation , Psychological Well-Being , Handling, Psychological , Hate , Health Promotion , Human Rights , Incest , Infections , Inhibition, Psychological , Life Change Events , Loneliness , Love , Deception , Malpractice , Masturbation , NarcissismABSTRACT
A violência e o assédio no trabalho apresentam elevada prevalência e têm efeitos profundos e custosos, que envolvem desde danos à saúde física e mental até desligamento do trabalho e perdas econômicas para trabalhadores, empregadores e sociedades1,2. A Convenção 190 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) é o primeiro tratado internacional a reconhecer o direito a um mundo do trabalho livre de violência e assédio e foi adotada, em junho de 2019, pela Conferência Geral da OIT, juntamente à Recomendação nº 206. Em seu primeiro artigo, a expressão "violência e assédio" no mundo do trabalho é definida como "uma série de comportamentos e práticas inaceitáveis, ou ameaças desses, seja uma única ocorrência ou repetida, que visam, resultam ou podem resultar em danos físicos, psicológicos, sexuais ou econômicos, e inclui violência e assédio de gênero".
Workplace violence and harassment are highly prevalent and have profound and costly effects, ranging from physical and mental health damages to job disengagement and economic losses for workers, employers, and societies1,2. The International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 190 is the first international treaty to recognize the right to a world of work free from violence and harassment. It was adopted in June 2019 by the ILO General Conference, alongside Recommendation No. 206. In its first article, "violence and harassment" in the world of work is defined as "a range of unacceptable behaviours and practices, or threats thereof, whether a single occurrence or repeated, that aim at, result in, or are likely to result in physical, psychological, sexual or economic harm, and includes gender-based violence and harassment." Furthermore, "gender-based violence and harassment" refers to "violence and harassment directed at persons because of their sex or gender, or affecting persons of a particular sex or gender disproportionately, and includes sexual harassment".
Subject(s)
Sexual Harassment , Workplace Violence , WorkplaceABSTRACT
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a vivência de trabalho precoce de adolescentes e jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa, no estado da Paraíba. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um Questionário Mosquito Diagnóstico e uma Entrevista Semiestruturada. A análise foi realizada com o software Iramuteq, (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), através da Análise Hierárquica Descendente, que gerou seis classes: significado do trabalho; infância e escola; condições objetivas de vida; trabalho, drogas e ato infracional; consequências do trabalho infantil; e trabalho infantojuvenil. A perspectiva teórica utilizada foi a psicologia histórico-cultural e os dados discutidos a partir do conceito de vivência. Conclui-se que as vivências e situações sociais de desenvolvimento foram caracterizadas pelo trabalho precoce que oportunizou o envolvimento com atos infracionais e as instituições responsáveis pela garantia de direitos em vez de garantir a proteção social, criminalizaram por meio de medidas socioeducativas.(AU)
This article aims to analyze the experience of child labor of adolescents and youngsters that are complying a social-educational measure, in the State of Paraíba. The instruments utilized were a Questionnaire Mosquito Diagnóstico and a Semi-Structured Interview. The analysis was performed by using the Iramuteq software (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), by using Descending Hierarchical Analysis, which generated six classes: meaning of labor; childhood and school; objective conditions of life; labor, drugs, and act of infraction; consequences of child labor; and child labor. The theoretical perspective used was historical-cultural psychology and the data were discussed from the concept of experience. It was concluded that the experiences and social situations of development were characterized by child labor, which enabled the involvement with acts of infraction; and the institutions responsible for guaranteeing rights, instead of guaranteeing social protection, criminalized by using social-educational measures.(AU)
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la vivencia precoz de adolescentes y jóvenes que cumplen medidas socioeducativas en el estado de Paraíba (Brasil). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un Cuestionario Mosquito Diagnóstico y una entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis se realizó con el software Iramuteq (Interface de R pour les Multidimensionnelles Analyzes de Textes et de Questionnaires), mediante análisis jerárquico descendente, que generó seis clases: Significado del trabajo; Infancia y escuela; Condiciones objetivas de vida; Trabajo, drogas y acto de infracción; Consecuencias del trabajo infantil; y Trabajo infantojuvenil. La perspectiva teórica que se utilizó fue la psicología histórico-cultural, y los datos se discutieron desde el concepto de vivencia. Se concluye que las vivencias y situaciones sociales de desarrollo se caracterizaron por trabajo infantil que permitió la participación en infracciones y que las instituciones responsables de garantizar los derechos en lugar de la protección social los criminalizaron mediante medidas socioeducativas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Child Labor , Adolescent , Education , Personality , Play and Playthings , Poverty , Prejudice , Sex Work , Psychology , Public Policy , Punishment , Schools , Self Concept , Social Change , Social Class , Social Conditions , Social Support , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Stereotyping , Student Dropouts , Suicide, Attempted , Theft , Violence , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Work Hours , Child Abuse, Sexual , Mainstreaming, Education , Occupational Risks , Accidents, Occupational , Family , Illicit Drugs , Child, Abandoned , Child Advocacy , Child, Institutionalized , Child Welfare , Self-Injurious Behavior , Civil Rights , Family Planning Policy , Sexual Harassment , Communication , Adult , Legislation , Counseling , Crime , Dangerous Behavior , Adolescent Health , Death , Deinstitutionalization , Friends , Minors , Aggression , Human Rights Abuses , Educational Status , Employment , Health Vulnerability , Job Market , Bullying , Remuneration , Social Discrimination , Drug Trafficking , Enslaved Persons , Social Capital , Emotional Adjustment , Underage Drinking , Literacy , Help-Seeking Behavior , Self-Control , Psychiatric Rehabilitation , Psychosocial Support Systems , Work-Life Balance , Frailty , Survivorship , Recidivism , Academic Failure , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Cyberbullying , Data Analysis , Involuntary Commitment , Return to School , Sustenance , Emotional Abuse , Financial Stress , Life Course Perspective , Housing Instability , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Homicide , Household Work , Human Rights , Institutionalization , Juvenile Delinquency , Language , Mental Health ServicesABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever características das notificações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes segundo a raça/cor da pele e sua distribuição no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2014-2018. Métodos: estudo descritivo de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan); foram analisadas distribuições de frequência, prevalências e diferenças estatísticas pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: das 8.716 notificações, a maioria ocorreu na capital (48,2%) e de vítimas do sexo feminino (82,2%) com idade entre 10 e 14 anos (38,1%); houve maior prevalência (370/100 mil) e frequência relativa de estupro (84,5%), exploração sexual (5,8%) e negligência/abandono (4,6%) entre vítimas de raça/cor da pele negra (p-valor < 0,05); 4,6% das notificações foram realizadas nos serviços de Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS). Conclusão: houve maior frequência de notificações entre pré-adolescentes do sexo feminino e maior prevalência entre negros, alvos prioritários das medidas de proteção; torna-se necessário reforçar a vigilância dessa violência na ABS.
Objetivo: describir las características de las notificaciones de violencia sexual contra niños y adolescentes según raza/color de piel y su distribución en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2014-2018. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades y Notificaciones (Sinan). Distribuciones de frecuencia, prevalencias y diferencias estadísticas fueron analizadas mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: de 8.716 notificaciones, la mayoría ocurrió en la capital (48,2%) y fueron de víctimas del sexo femenino (82,2%) con edades entre 10 y 14 años (38,1%). Hubo mayor prevalencia (370/100.000) y frecuencia relativa de violación (84,5%), explotación sexual (5,8%) y negligencia/abandono (4,6%) entre víctimas de raza/color de piel negro (p-valor < 0,05). Un 4,6% de las notificaciones ocurrió en servicios de atención primaria. Conclusión: hubo mayor frecuencia de notificaciones entre preadolescentes femeninas y mayor prevalencia entre víctimas negras, que deben presentar medidas de protección prioritarias. Es necesario reforzar la vigilancia de violencias en atención primaria.
Objective: to describe characteristics of notifications of sexual violence against children and adolescents according to race/skin color and their distribution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2014 and 2018. Methods: this was a descriptive study of data retrieved from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN). Frequency distributions, prevalence and statistical differences were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: of the 8,716 notifications, most occurred in the state capital (48.2%) and related to female victims (82.2%) aged between 10 and 14 years (38.1%). There was a higher prevalence (370/100,000) and relative frequency of rape (84.5%), sexual exploitation (5.8%) and neglect/abandonment (4.6%) among victims of Black race/skin color (p-value < 0.05). Only 4.6% of notifications occurred in primary health care services. Conclusion: notifications were more frequent among female pre-adolescents and prevalence was higher among Black people, who should be a priority target for protective measures. Surveillance of this form of violence needs to be strengthened in primary care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data , Child Abuse, Sexual/statistics & numerical data , Mandatory Reporting , Health Information Systems , Rape/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sexual Harassment/statistics & numerical data , Crime VictimsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Antecedentes: en la Argentina, la especialidad Cirugía General se encuentra en crisis y esta situación alarmante se halla vinculada a las malas condiciones laborales del cirujano general. Objetivo: describir la percepción que el cirujano joven tiene al terminar su programa de formación, en relación con su perspectiva laboral, actividad quirúrgica y académica. Material y métodos: estudio transversal basado en una encuesta dirigida a cirujanos jóvenes en Córdoba, Argentina. Resultados: participaron 53 encuestados. El 58% eran hombres y la mediana de edad fue 32 años. El 72% ejercía Cirugía General y el 55% trabajaba en el sector privado. El 34% pertenecía a la Asociación de Cirugía de Córdoba y el 23% a la Asociación Argentina de Cirugía. En cuanto a la experiencia profesional, el 53,1% eran cirujanos junior y el 64% eran competentes para realizar procedimientos de baja o mediana complejidad. En relación con la perspectiva laboral, el 89% consideró que el cirujano joven no consigue salida laboral rápida y el 96,2% refirió que sus prácticas no eran bien remuneradas. Respecto de la calidad de vida personal y laboral, el 57% manifestó frustración e incertidumbre económica. En cuanto a las cirujanas, la tasa de inequidades de género y hostigamiento sexual en el ámbito laboral fue del 73% y 50%, respectivamente. Conclusión: encontramos la percepción de un bajo nivel de competencia para las cirugías de mayor complejidad y una baja tasa de adherencia a sociedades quirúrgicas. Debido a la escasa oferta laboral existe gran frustración e incertidumbre económica. Actualmente, predomina y persiste el maltrato y hostigamiento hacia las cirujanas.
ABSTRACT Background: In Argentina, the specialty of general surgery is in crisis, and this alarming situation is associated with the poor working conditions of general surgeons. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the perception of young surgeons at the end of their training program, in relation to their job prospects, surgical and academic activity. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a survey responded by young surgeons in Cordoba, Argentina. Results: The survey was responded by 53 young surgeons; 58% were men and median age was 32 years. Seventy-two percent practiced general surgery and 55% worked in the private setting. Thirtyfour percent were members of Asociación de Cirugía de Córdoba and 23% belonged to Asociación Argentina de Cirugía. As for professional experience, 53.1% were junior surgeons and 64% were capable of performing low or medium complexity procedures. Eighty-nine percent considered that young surgeons do not get a job quickly and 96.2% reported that they were not well paid for their practice. When asked about their personal and professional quality of life, 57% expressed frustration and economic uncertainty. Among women surgeons, 73% reported gender inequities and 50% reported sexual harassment in the workplace. Conclusion: Young surgeons perceived they had low level of competencies for high complexity surgical procedures and reported low rate of membership in surgical societies. Most of them feel frustrated due to scarce job opportunities and expressed economic uncertainty. Nowadays, abuse and harassment of women surgeons still prevails and persists.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Perception , Surgeons/psychology , Motivation , Quality of Life/psychology , General Surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative/psychology , Women, Working/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Sexual Harassment/psychology , Working Conditions/psychology , Medicine , Occupational Groups/psychologyABSTRACT
Introducción. La violencia sexual es un problema de salud pública inscrito en las agendas sociales y políticas a nivel global. Representa una urgencia médica que se atiende en los servicios de salud, lo que los convierte en la principal fuente de su registro en los sistemas de vigilancia en salud pública. Objetivo. Analizar las características sociodemográficas de las víctimas de violencia sexual y de sus victimarios en el municipio de Envigado, Antioquia, entre el 2011 y el 2020. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal descriptivo a partir de todos los registros de violencia sexual notificados en el Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública de la violencia de género e intrafamiliar de Envigado (código de ficha INS-875), durante el periodo 2011-2020. Resultados. Se registraron 807 casos de violencia sexual entre 2011 y 2020; el 62,0 % correspondió a casos de abuso sexual a personas menores de 18 años; el 82,3 % de las víctimas estaba constituido por mujeres adolescentes agredidas por familiares; los principales agresores fueron hombres (99,1 %), con una mediana de edad 26 años. Conclusión. La violencia sexual es un problema en aumento; en el 2020, año del confinamiento poblacional por la Covid-19, las tasas en mujeres y durante la primera infancia, la adolescencia y la juventud, fueron las más altas del periodo de estudio.
Introduction: Sexual violence is a public health problem included in political and social agendas worldwide. It is a medical emergency seen in health services, which are the main source of record-keeping by means of public health surveillance systems. Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of victims of sex offenses and their offenders in the municipality of Envigado, Antioquia, between 2011 and 2020. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that analyzed all the sexual violence records reported in the Envigado Public Health Surveillance System for gender and intrafamilial violence (file code INS-875) during the 2011-2020 period. Results: A total of 807 cases of sexual violence were recorded between 2011 and 2020; 62.0% were cases of sexual abuse against persons under 18 years of age, and 82.3% of the victims were adolescent women suffering sexual violence exerted by relatives. The main aggressors were men (99.1%) with a median age of 26 years. Conclusion: Sexual violence has increased over time and in 2020, the year of population confinement due to COVID-19, the rates in women and in the life courses of early childhood, adolescence, and youth were the highest during the study period.
Subject(s)
Sex Offenses , Rape , Sexual Harassment , Domestic Violence , Violence Against Women , Gender-Based ViolenceABSTRACT
Resumen En octubre de 1919, en medio de la construcción de las instituciones posrevolucionarias de protección de la salud en México, Juan de Beraza, oficial ayudante de la Secretaria de Industria, Comercio y Trabajo, redactó un documento sobre las condiciones de 479 obreras de una fábrica de la capital. El informe presentó un resumen de los problemas de higiene y de acoso sexual que las mujeres experimentaron en los espacios laborales. El documento ofrece información relevante para la historia de las mujeres dentro del "mundo del trabajo" en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Se publica una transcripción del informe precedida de una presentación del mismo.
Abstract In October 1919, during the construction of post-revolutionary health protection institutions in Mexico, Juan de Beraza, an office assistant to the Secretary of Industry, Commerce, and Labor, wrote a document about the conditions of 479 women workers in a factory in the capital. The report had a summary of hygiene and sexual harassment problems that women experienced in their workplaces. The document offers relevant information about the history of women in the "world of work" in the first decades of the twentieth century. A transcript of the report is published, preceded by a presentation of the report.
Subject(s)
Women/history , Occupational Health , Sexual Harassment , Public Health Surveillance , History, 20th Century , MexicoABSTRACT
Con respecto al trabajo titulado "Percepción de acoso o discriminación durante la residencia de urología en colombia",[1] cuyo objetivo era conocer la percepción de los residentes de urología de Colombia con respecto a la discriminación de género y al acoso laboral, verbal y sexual,[2] [3] se hacen las siguientes observaciones y apreciaciones teniendo en cuenta las conclusiones presentadas en el artículo en mención. Me parecen temerarias las conclusiones que sacaron los autores en este artículo sobre la percepción de acoso o discriminación durante la residencia en Colombia sin haberles dado las herramientas necesarias a los encuestados para definir lo que es acoso en las diferentes preguntas. Si en el artículo definen que es acoso laboral, en la encuesta de 12 preguntas, no se le da al entrevistado las definiciones de los ítems preguntados, ¿Cómo diferencian ellos acoso laboral de la exigencia laboral por ejemplo ?, ¿cómo diferencian acoso verbal de un llamado de atención por mal desempeño o por no dedicación a los pacientes?
With respect to the study entitled "Perception of harassment or discrimination during urology residency in Colombia",[1] whose objective was to determine the perception of urology residents in Colombia with respect to gender discrimination and labor, verbal and sexual harassment,[2] [3] the following observations and appreciations are made taking into account the conclusions presented in the article in question. The conclusions drawn by the authors of this article on the perception of harassment or discrimination during residence in Colombia without having given the necessary tools to the respondents to define harassment in the different questions seem to me to be reckless. If in the article they define harassment at work, in the 12-question survey, they do not give the interviewee the definitions of the items asked, how do they differentiate harassment at work from, for example, job demands, how do they differentiate verbal harassment from a reprimand for poor performance or lack of dedication to patients?
Subject(s)
Humans , Sexism , Social Discrimination , Occupational Stress , Sexual Harassment , Internship and ResidencyABSTRACT
O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as narrativas de mulhe-res praticantes de musculação sobre assédio sexual. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva. Utilizou-se dois instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico estruturado e entrevista se-miestruturada. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo. Foram significativos os comentários sobre o olhar malicioso como uma das formas de assédio predominante nos episódios relatados, tornando-se inoportuno durante a execução dos exercícios físicos. As participantes do estudo perceberam como uma invasão da sua intimidade e do seu espaço de treino, assim como consideraram que o olhar invasivo não é uma forma de assédio sexual (AU).
The study aimed to analyze the narratives of women practitioners of bodybuilding on sexual harassment. It is a research with a qualitative approach, descriptive. Two instruments were used: a structured sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed through content analysis. There was a significant comment on the malicious look as one of the ways of predominant harassment in the reported episodes, becoming inopportune during the performing physical exercises. The study participants conceived it as an invasion of your intimacy and your training space, as well as, considering the gaze invasive that was not accepted as a form of sexual harassment (AU).
El estudio tuvo como objetivo analisar las narrativas de mujeres practicantes de musculación acerca del acoso sexual. Se trata de una encuesta de abordaje cualitativo, descriptivo. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico estructurado y entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados a través del análisis del contenido. Fueron significativos los comentarios acerca de miradas maliciosas como una de las formas de acoso predominantes en los episodios relatados, tornándose inconvenientes durante la práctica de ejercicios físicos. Las participantes de la encuesta han visto eso como una invasión de su privacidad y de su espacio de entrenamiento, así como, consideraron una mirada invasiva que no fue acogida como una forma de acoso sexual (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Women , Sexual Harassment , Resistance Training , Exercise , Surveys and Questionnaires , PrivacyABSTRACT
Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) has been identified to be one of the ripple effects of the global pandemic. In countries like Nigeria, the situation is hypothesized to be worse because of widespread poverty and gender inequalities. Objective: To examine the exposure of females to GBV during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 lockdown. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a low-income community in Lagos. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 130 respondents selected via systematic random sampling. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 26.89 ± 8.67 years. Majority worked informal jobs, while only 50% had attained beyond primary education. Within the period, the respondents had been subjected to sexual (54.6%), physical (52.3%), verbal assault (41.5%), and online sexual harassment (45.4%); of which only 30% reported to the police. Furthermore, respondents subjected to sexual (p=0.004) and physical assault (p=0.032) during the period earned significantly less money than other respondents. Conclusion: The fact that over 1 out of every 2 females was subjected to at least one form of GBV within the short timeframe shows how unsafe girls and women in low-income communities are. This calls for proactive community-level interventions to curb the GBV menace.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Residence Characteristics , Sexual Harassment , Gender Identity , Poverty , Gender-Based Violence , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Family is the microcosm of a larger society that provides care that shapes the behavior of children. However, the different levels of attention children receive from their parents may affect their behaviour and self-esteem, which can lead to them being more vulnerable to sexual harassment. An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March August 2021, to assess the relationship between family birth order and prevalence of sexual harassment. The multistage sampling procedure was used to draw 1070 participants. The data was analyzed using percentages, mean, and multivariate logistic regression statistics. The multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The findings revealed prevalence (73.6%) of sexual harassment, and the two forms such as verbal (xï·= 2.63) and non-verbal sexual harassment (xï·= 2.56) were high. The multivariate logistic regression odds ratios adjusted shows that the middle born were approximately 2 folds (AOR = 1.62; CI = 1.14 2.30; P = 0.008 0.05) more likely to predict sexual harassment. The study recommended amongst others that parents in South Eastern Nigeria should refrain from given special attention to a particular child as this may predispose the unfavoured child to sexual harassment
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Logistic Models , Birth Order , Sexual Harassment , Affect , Family Relations , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Este artigo relata uma pesquisa exploratória documental que teve como objetivo apresentar e discutir as diretrizes políticas da Psicologia, no que diz respeito à violência contra as mulheres. O conjunto de diretrizes aprovadas nos Congressos Nacionais da Psicologia (CNP), de 1994 a 2019, direciona a atuação do Sistema Conselhos na orientação do exercício profissional em Psicologia e expressa o compromisso ético-político da categoria. O caminho metodológico deste estudo foi concretizado por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo e foi dividido em dois momentos: em 2016, na análise das diretrizes aprovadas até 2013; e, posteriormente, em 2020, por meio do software Atlas.ti de análise qualitativa, de modo atualizar o conjunto de diretrizes aprovadas. Os dois momentos de análise envolveram a leitura integral do material, a categorização temática em torno dos eixos: violência, mulher e gênero, e foram seguidos da análise interpretativa das pesquisadoras. Notamos que o debate da Psicologia sobre o fenômeno, por meio das categorias elencadas, passou aumentar consideravelmente a partir do 6º CNP (2007), tendo em vista a implementação da Lei Maria da Penha e, mais recentemente, no último Congresso (2019), devido à proibição do debate de gênero nas escolas brasileiras. Desse modo, observamos que o fenômeno social destacado esteve presente no conteúdo das diretrizes políticas da Psicologia por meio da transversalidade no campo dos direitos humanos e das políticas públicas.(AU)
This article presents the report of an exploratory documentary research that aimed to present and discuss the political guidelines of Psychology, regarding violence against women. The set of guidelines approved at the National Psychology Congresses (CNP), from 1994 to 2019, directs the work of the Council System in guiding professional practice in Psychology and expresses the ethical-political commitment of the category. The methodological path of this study was accomplished by the use of the content analysis technique and was divided into two moments: in 2016, in the analysis of the guidelines developed until 2013; and, later in 2020, using the ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis software, to update the set of approved guidelines. The two moments of analysis involved the full reading of the material, the thematic categorization around the axes: violence, women and gender, and were followed by the interpretative analysis of the researchers. We note that the Psychology debate regarding the phenomenon, by using the listed categories, started to increase considerably from the 6th CNP (2007), in view of the implementation of Law Maria da Penha and, more recently, at the last Congress (2019) due to the prohibition of the gender debate in Brazilian schools. Thus, we observed that the social phenomenon highlighted was present in the content of the political guidelines of Psychology in the transversality in the field of human rights and public policies.(AU)
Este artículo presenta el informe de una investigación documental exploratoria que tuvo como objetivo presentar y discutir las pautas políticas de la psicología, con respecto a la violencia contra las mujeres. El conjunto de directrices aprobadas en los Congresos Nacionales de Psicología (CNP), de 1994 a 2019, dirige el trabajo del Sistema del Consejo para guiar la práctica profesional en Psicología y expresa el compromiso ético-político de la categoría. La ruta metodológica de este estudio se logró mediante el uso de la técnica de análisis de contenido y se dividió en dos momentos: en 2016, en el análisis de las directrices desarrolladas hasta 2013; y más tarde en 2020, utilizando el software de análisis cualitativo Atlas T.I., para actualizar el conjunto de directrices aprobadas. Los dos momentos de análisis involucraron la lectura completa del material, la categorización temática en torno a ejes: violencia, mujeres y género y fueron seguidos por el análisis interpretativo de las investigadoras. Observamos que el debate de Psicología sobre el fenómeno, a través de las categorías enumeradas, comenzó a tener un aumento considerable desde el 6º CNP (2007), en vista de la implementación de la Ley Maria da Penha y, más recientemente, en el último Congreso (2019) debido a la prohibición del debate de género en las escuelas brasileñas. Así, observamos que el fenómeno social destacado estaba presente en el contenido de las directrices políticas de Psicología a través de la transversalidad en el campo de los Derechos Humanos y las Políticas Públicas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Professional Practice , Psychology , Public Policy , Violence Against Women , Human Rights , Sexual Harassment , Domestic Violence , Feminism , Counseling , Aggression , Gender-Based Violence , Androcentrism , Gender Equity , HomicideABSTRACT
Con respecto al artículo "Percepción de acoso o discriminación durante la residencia de urología en Colombia" publicado recientemente,[1] se abarca el tema del maltrato laboral como factor de riesgo para agotamiento al promover un ambiente laboral hostil. Los autores concluyen que dichos comportamientos tienen una alta frecuencia y afectan la calidad del trabajo, así como la salud mental de los individuos. Dichos hallazgos van de la mano de reportes previos, en los cuales, además del acoso laboral, se incluye el acoso sexual como un común denominador de todos los campos científicos, particularmente en la medicina. Hasta el 50% de las estudiantes informan haber sufrido acoso sexual, entendiéndose este como una serie de comportamientos verbales y no verbales que transmiten hostilidad, objetivación, exclusión o estatus de segunda clase sobre los miembros de un género, siendo las mujeres las más frecuentemente involucradas.[2] Aún cuando la afluencia de mujeres en el campo de la medicina ha venido en aumento, la profesión sigue estando fuertemente marcada por el género, con los hombres dominando especialidades técnicas e instrumentales como la cirugía,[3] por lo tanto se puede prestar para tales conductas al propiciar la tolerancia organizacional hacia dicho proceder.
With respect to the article "Perception of harassment or discrimination during urology residency in Colombia" published recently,[1] covers the topic of labor mistreatment as a risk factor for burnout by promoting a hostile work environment. The authors conclude that such behaviors have a high frequency and affect the quality of work, as well as the mental health of individuals. These findings are in line with previous reports, in which, in addition to workplace harassment, sexual harassment is included as a common denominator in all scientific fields, particularly in medicine. Up to 50% of female students report having suffered sexual harassment, understood as a series of verbal and nonverbal behaviors that convey hostility, objectification, exclusion, or second-class status over members of one gender, with women being the most frequently involved. [2] Although the influx of women into the medical field has been increasing, the profession remains strongly gendered, with men dominating technical and instrumental specialties such as surgery,[3] thus lending itself to such behaviors by fostering organizational tolerance of such behavior.
Subject(s)
Social Discrimination , Burnout, Psychological , Specialization , Mental Health , Risk Factors , Sexual Harassment , Occupational Stress , HostilityABSTRACT
Apreciado Editor de la Revista Urología Colombiana, respecto al artículo titulado "PercepcioÌn de acoso o discriminacioÌn durante la residencia de urologiÌa en Colombia" considero relevante hacer las siguientes precisiones dado el impacto de sus conclusiones una vez sea conocido por una población tan amplia como es la esperada en este medio de difusión: En primer lugar el propósito de evaluar la percepción de los sujetos de una situación determinada delimita claramente el resultado a la subjetividad del individuo y por consiguiente confiere una gran debilidad interpretativa de los hallazgos cuando estos se comparan con mediciones objetivas. No se puede evaluar mediante una encuesta de doce preguntas cuya estructura y validez son cuestionables las percepciones en campos tan heterogéneos como el acoso laboral, el abuso en el campo laboral o la discriminación por género y acoso sexual. Desde los años 80 se han venido desarrollando instrumentos en diferentes idiomas y validados en español que permiten realizar una aproximación más metódica a la resolución de preguntas de investigación que por su relevancia e implicaciones debe ser realizada con la mayor rigurosidad posible.
Dear Editor of the Revista Urología Colombiana, regarding the article entitled "Perception of harassment or discrimination during urology residency in Colombia" I consider it relevant to make the following clarifications given the impact of its conclusions once it is known by such a wide population as expected in this media: First of all the purpose of evaluating the perception of the subjects of a given situation clearly delimits the result to the subjectivity of the individual and therefore confers a great interpretative weakness of the findings when these are compared with objective measurements. It is not possible to evaluate perceptions in fields as heterogeneous as workplace harassment, abuse in the workplace or gender discrimination and sexual harassment by means of a twelve-question survey whose structure and validity are questionable. Since the 1980s, instruments have been developed in different languages and validated in Spanish that allow a more methodical approach to the resolution of research questions which, due to their relevance and implications, should be carried out as rigorously as possible.