ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy of 5% Glycolic Acid (GA), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 7% maleic acid (MA), in removing the smear layer (SL). Material and Methods: For the experiment, forty single-rooted human teeth were selected. To perform the chemo‑mechanical preparation, the root canals were instrumented to an apical size of #30, along with simultaneous irrigation of 2.5% NaOCl. The samples were allotted to the experimental groups based on the final irrigating solution (n=10): (1) The GA group: 05%, (2) the EDTA group: 17%, (3) the MA group: 7%, and (4) the control group: Distilled water. The teeth were evaluated for the presence or absence of SL using SEM. Results: Comparing the 5% GA, 7% MA and 17% EDTA groups, no statistically significant differences were found at the coronal and middle thirds (p>0.05). However, in the apical third, MA had greater efficacy than EDTA (p=0.002) and GA (p=0.041), with a significant difference in the SL removal, while there was no significant difference between the latter (p=0.148). Conclusion: Thus, it was concluded that 7% maleic acid as a final irrigating solution is more efficacious than 17% EDTA and 5% glycolic acid in eliminating the smear layer from the apical portion of the root canal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Smear Layer , Edetic Acid/chemistry , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Dental Pulp Cavity , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/instrumentation , Chi-Square Distribution , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound and acoustic and laser cleaning of curved root canals.@*METHODS@#A total of 92 molars with independent root canals with a curvature of 20°-40° were prepared and standardized at 04 25# and stained with gentian violet solution for 72 h. Among them, 52 were randomly divi-ded into four groups for final rinsing (n=13): NI group, PUI group, EDDY group, and PIPS group. Ten samples in each group were cut horizontally along the long axis perpendicular to the root and divided into curved upper, curved, and apical segments. Images were taken with a stereomicroscope and Image J measurements were taken to calculate the depth of rinse penetration. The remaining three samples from each group were split along the long axis of the dentin, photographed by scanning electron microscope to record the dentin tubule exposure and staining layer, and scored for staining layer by double-blind method. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis and select the best flushing method. An extra 40 samples were randomly divided into four groups for detection of flushing fluid penetration depth (n=10): 10, 20, 30, and 40 s.@*RESULTS@#In the upper part, the mean depth of infiltration was not significantly different between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05). The PIPS group had a significantly lower smear layer score than the control group and the EDDY group (P<0.01). In the curved segment, the mean depth of infiltration was significantly greater in the PUI group than in the control group (P<0.05); the tarnish layer score was lower in each experimental group than in the control group. At the top, the mean depth of infiltration was greater in the PUI and PIPS groups than in the control group (P<0.05), and the smear layer score was lower in the PIPS group than in the other groups (P<0.05). After the time was changed, the depth of infiltration of PUI increased only in the apical segment as the flushing time increased.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The PUI and PIPS methods facilitate the penetration of irrigation solution into the dentin canal in curved root canals, especially in the apical segment. The PIPS technique is effective in removing the smear layer in curved root canals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Root Canal Irrigants , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Smear Layer , Sodium Hypochlorite , Therapeutic Irrigation/methods , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
Aim: To investigate the precipitate formed from the interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (LA) with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles on root canal dentin, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and Methods: Sixty mandibular premolars were decoronated, and the root length standardised. The specimens were randomly distributed into the following groups: Group 1 (control): 2% LA mixed with sterile water without root canal instrumentation, Group 2: 2% LA with 2.5% NaOCl in water without root canal instrumentation, and Group 3: 2% LA with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles in water without root canal instrumentation. Teeth specimens were split and subjected to SEM analysis at cervical, middle, and apical root thirds. On observing precipitate formation in Group 2, 10 premolars were decoronated and treated with 2% LA and 2.5% NaOCl and subjected to root canal instrumentation. Results: Group 1 and Group 3 showed patent dentinal tubules and no precipitate formation. Group 2 showed precipitate blocking dentinal tubules in all the three sections, and the precipitate could not be removed completely after cleaning and shaping. Conclusion: NaOCl forms an insoluble precipitate on interaction with local anaesthetic solution that cannot be removed after chemo-mechanical preparation. Chitosan nanoparticles do not form any such precipitate and show patent dentinal tubules. Hence, chitosan can be used as a flushing irrigant.
Objetivo: Investigar el precipitado formado a partir de la interacción entre el clorhidrato de lidocaína al 2% con adrenalina (LA), el hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% (NaOCl) y nanopartículas de quitosano al 0,2% en la dentina del conducto radicular, mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Material y Métodos: Se decoraron 60 premolares mandibulares y se estandarizó la longitud de la raíz. Los especímenes se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en los siguientes grupos: Grupo 1 (control): 2% la que fue mezclado con agua estéril sin instrumentación del conducto radicular, Grupo 2: 2% LA con 2,5% de NaOCl sin instrumentación del conducto radicular y Grupo 3: 2 % LA con 0,2% de nanopartículas de quitosano sin instrumentación del conducto radicular. Las muestras de dientes se dividieron y se sometieron a análisis SEM en los tercios radiculares cervical, medio y apical. Al observar la formación de precipitado en el Grupo 2, 10 premolares fueron decorados y tratados con LA al 2% y NaOCl al 2,5% y sometidos a instrumentación de conductos radiculares. Resultado: El Grupo 1 y el Grupo 3 mostraron túbulos dentinarios permeables y sin formación de precipitados. El grupo 2 mostró precipitado que bloqueaba los túbulos dentinarios en las tres secciones, y el precipitado no se pudo eliminar por completo después de limpieza y conformación. Conclusión: el NaOCl forma un precipitado insoluble al interactuar con la solución anestésica local que no se puede eliminar después de la preparación quimiomecánica. Las nanopartículas de quitosano no forman ningún precipitado de este tipo y muestran túbulos dentinarios permeables. Por lo tanto, el quitosano se puede utilizar como irrigante para el lavado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Irrigants/chemical synthesis , Sodium Hypochlorite/chemical synthesis , Chitosan/chemical synthesis , Lidocaine/chemical synthesis , Bicuspid , In Vitro Techniques , Smear LayerABSTRACT
Objetivo: Presentar lineamientos basados en evidencia para el tratamiento de pulpas no vitales debidas a caries profundas o traumatismos en dientes primarios. Métodos: el Grupo de Trabajo de la Academia Americana de Odontología Pediátrica AAPD realizó una revisión sistemática/meta-análisis de estudios acerca de terapia para pulpa no vital en dientes primarios, producto de caries o trauma, usando el enfoque GRADE para determinar el nivel de certeza de la evidencia para recomendaciones clínicas. Resultados: La determinación de GRADE fue de elevada a muy baja. Al comparar dientes con o sin resorción radicular, el éxito de la pulpectomía fue mayor (p<0,001) en los que no presentaban resorción radicular antes del tratamiento. El éxito de las pulpototmías obturadas con ZO/yodoformo/HC EndoflasTM(Laboratorios Sanlor, Cali, Colombia) y ZOE (óxido de zinc con eugenol) no fue diferente al yodoformo(yodoformo + hidróxido de calcio, VitapexTM o MetapexTM) después de 18 meses (p= 0,55); sin embargo el éxito de ZO/iodoformo/HC y ZOE fue cercano al 90% mientras que el del yodoformo fue 71% o menor. El análisis de red demostró que ZO/iodoformo/HC y ZOE son mejores que yodoformo. ELRP fue mejor que pulpectomía (p<0,001) en dientes con resorción radicular previa al tratamiento, pero la pulpectomía fue superior si las raíces estaban íntegras (p= 0,09). La instrumentación de los conductos radiculares fue significativamente más rápida (p<0,001) que la instrumentación manual, pero la calidad de la obturación no presentó diferencia (p= 0,09) y ambas técnicas presentaron éxito similar. El análisis de red clasificó al ZO/iodoformo/HC como mejor, ZOE en segundo lugar, y yodoformo en último lugar a los 18 meses. La tasa de éxito no fue impactada por el método de obturación, método de determinación de la longitud radicular, tipo de diente, número de citas, agentes de irrigación, remoción de la capa de desechos dentinarios o momento/tipo de restauración definitiva. Conclusiones: La tasa de éxito a 18 meses para pulpectomías demuestran que ZO/iodoformo/HC y ZOE son superiores al yodoformo. Las indicaciones de ELRP están limitadas a dientes con resorción radicular y requiere la realización de un seguimiento cercano.
Objetivo: Apresentar uma orientação baseada em evidência para terapias pulpar não vitais de cárie profundas ou trauma em dentes deciduos. Métodos: Um grupo de trabalho da AAPD realizou uma revisão/análise sistemática para estudos não vitais de dentes deciduos resultantes de trauma ou cárie e utilizou a abordagem GRADE para avaliar o nível de certeza de evidência para recomendações clínicas. Resultados: O GRADE foi avaliado de nível alto à muito baixo. Comparando os dentes com/sem reabsorção radicular, o sucesso da pulpectomia foi melhor (p<0,001) naqueles sem reabsorção radicular pré-operatória. OZ/iodofórmio/HC (óxido de zinco + iodofórmio + hidróxido de cálcio; EndoflasTM) e OZE (óxido de zinco e eugenol) o sucesso da pulpectomia não diferiu do iodofórmio (iodofórmio + hidróxido de cálcio; VitapexTM, MetapexTM) (p= 0,55) após 18 meses; contudo, as taxas de sucesso de OZ/iodofórmio/HC e OZE permaneceram perto de 90% enquanto que o iodofórmio foi de 71% ou menos. As taxas de análise da rede mostraram que o OZ/iodofórmio/HC e OZE era melhor do que o iodofórmio. LERT foi melhor (p<0,001) do que a pulpectomia nos dentes com reabsorção radicular pré-operatória, mas os resultados da pulpectomia foram melhores (p= 0,.09) se as raízes estivessem intactas. A instrumentação rotatória dos canais radiculares foi significativamente mais rápida (p<0,001) do que manual, mas a qualidade do preenchimento não diferiu (p= 0.09) e ambos tiveram sucesso comparável. A análise de rede classificou OZ/iodofórmio/HC como o melhor, OZE segundo, e iodofórmio como o mais baixo aos 18 meses. As taxas de sucesso não foram influenciadas pelo método de obturação ou determinação do comprimento da raiz, tipo de dente, número de visitas, irrigantes, remoção da lama dentinária, ou tempo/tipo de restauração final. Conclusões: As taxas de sucesso da pulpectomia de 18 meses favoreceram pulpectomias com OZ/iodofórmio/HC e OZE sobre iodofórmio. O LERT demonstrou indicação limitada para dentes com raízes reabsorvidas e requer um acompanhamento assíduo.
Abstract: Purpose: To present an evidence-based guideline for non-vital pulp therapies due to deep caries or trauma in primary teeth. Methods: The authors, working with the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis for studies on non-vital primary teeth resulting from trauma or caries and used the GRADE approach to assess level of certainty of evidence for clinical recommendations. Results: GRADE was assessed from high to very low. Comparing teeth with/without root resorption, pulpectomy success was better (P<0.001) in those without preoperative root resorption. Zinc oxide plus iodoform plus calcium hydroxide ([ZO/iodoform/CH]; EndoflasTM) and zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) pulpectomy success did not differ from iodoform (iodoform plus calcium hydroxide; VitapexTM, MetapexTM) (P=0.55) after 18-months; however, ZO/iodoform/CH and ZOE success rates remained near 90 percent while iodoform was 71 percent or less. Network analysis ratings showed ZO/iodoform/CH and ZOE better than iodoform. Lesion sterilization tissue repair (LSTR) was better (P<0.001) than pulpectomy in teeth with preoperative root resorption, but pulpectomy results were better (P=0.09) if roots were intact. Rotary instrumentation of root canals was significantly faster (P<0.001) than manual, but the quality of fill did not differ (P=0.09) and both had comparable success. Network analysis ranked ZO/iodoform/CH the best, ZOE second, and iodoform lowest at 18 months. Success rates were not impacted by method of obturation or root length determination, type of tooth, number of visits, irrigants, smear layer removal, or timing/type of final restoration. Conclusions: Pulpectomy 18-month success rates supported ZO/iodoform/CH and ZOE pulpectomy over iodoform.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth, Deciduous , Iodoformium , Dental Pulp Cavity , Smear Layer , Dental Caries , Dental Pulp , GRADE ApproachABSTRACT
La adhesión a dentina con sistemas adhesivos polimé-ricos representa un desafío que surge de la necesi-dad de vincular un sustrato dentario heterogéneo y variable con materiales que presentan todavía cier-tos aspectos a atender para poder conseguir el máxi-mo desempeño. El propósito del presente artículo es evaluar algunas de las estrategias propuestas para mejorar la adhesión a dentina, y sugerir un protocolo de trabajo con los diferentes tipos de sistemas adhesivos (AU)
Dentin bonding with polymeric adhesive systems represents a challenge that arises from the need to link a heterogeneous and variable dental substrate with materials that still have certain aspects to be addressed in order to achieve maximum performance. The aim of this article is to evaluate some of the proposed strategies to improve dentin bonding and to suggest a protocol for each different type of bonding systems (AU)
Subject(s)
Clinical Protocols , Dentin-Bonding Agents/therapeutic use , Dentin/drug effects , Phosphoric Acids/chemistry , Acid Etching, Dental/methods , Smear Layer , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Enamel/drug effects , PolymerizationABSTRACT
Introduction: Studies suggested that phytochemical products are considered potential solutions to smear layer removal due to their biological safety in cleaning root canal systems, lower toxicity, lower irritant effect and antimicrobial effect. Objective: The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate smear layer removal of root canal systems by different natural product solutions. Methods: systematic review. Search of the literature was performed on Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scielo and Google Scholar according the PRISMA protocol. Studies were included if they performed the experiments of smear layer removal on extracted permanent human teeth. Articles published in any language without restriction of year of publication were included in this review. The risk of bias assessment in the included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies. The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 6221 publications. After the eligibility criteria application, 8 articles were selected for analysis. Results: It was observed that some natural products solutions showed effects on smear layer removal, especially on coronal third. The phytochemical products such as Salvadora persica, chamomile alcohol extract and grape seed extract demonstrated good potential of smear layer removal, however, its effectiveness and clinical applicability are still unclear. Conclusions: Although the limitations of this study, it is possible to highlight those phytochemical products such as Salvadora persica, chamomile alcohol extract and grape seed extract that demonstrated good potential on SL removal(AU)
Introducción: Los productos fitoquímicos se consideran soluciones potenciales para la eliminación del barro dentinario debido a su seguridad biológica en la limpieza del sistema de conductos radiculares, menor toxicidad, menor efecto irritante y efecto antimicrobiano. Objetivo: Evaluar la eliminación del barro dentinario de los sistemas de conductos radiculares mediante diferentes soluciones de productos naturales. Métodos: La búsqueda de la literatura se realizó en Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, SciELO y Google Scholar, según el protocolo PRISMA. Los estudios se incluyeron si realizaron los experimentos de eliminación del barro dentinario en dientes humanos permanentes extraídos. En esta revisión se incluyeron artículos publicados en cualquier idioma, sin restricción de año de publicación. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo en los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante la lista de verificación de evaluación crítica del Instituto Joanna Briggs para estudios cuasiexperimentales. La estrategia de búsqueda resultó en la recuperación de 6221 publicaciones. Después de la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionaron 8 artículos para su análisis. Resultados: Se observó que algunas soluciones de productos naturales mostraron efectos sobre la eliminación del barro dentinario, especialmente en el tercio coronal. Los productos fitoquímicos como salvadora pérsica, extracto de alcohol de manzanilla y extracto de semilla de uva demostraron un buen potencial de eliminación del barro dentinario; sin embargo, su efectividad y aplicabilidad clínica aún no están claras. Conclusiones: A pesar de las limitaciones de este estudio, es posible destacar aquellos productos fitoquímicos como salvadora pérsica, extracto de alcohol de manzanilla y extracto de semilla de uva demostraron buen potencial de eliminación del barro dentinario(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Irrigants/adverse effects , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Smear Layer , Phytochemicals/therapeutic use , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic , Grape Seed Extract/administration & dosageABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of different irrigation protocols to remove from the walls of the root canal and entrance to dentinal tubules the smear layer produced during preparation for a fiber post. Fifty decoronated human lower premolars were treated endodontically and the apical third of the canal was filled with a single gutta-percha point using warm vertical compaction. Ten millimeters were left free for post preparation, which was done by sequential use of a Largo #1 drill and Exacto #3 pilot drill (Angelus, Brazil), with irrigation with distilled water upon each instrument change. Samples were distributed randomly into 5 groups (n=10). G 1: No irrigation after post preparation. G 2: Distilled water activated for 60 s + distilled water. G 3: 5.25% NaOCl 15 s+ distilled water. G 4: 17% EDTA (Farmadental, Argentina) 60 s + 5.25% NaOCl 15 s + distilled water. G 5: 10% polyacrylic acid (Densell) 15 s + distilled water. Irrigant was activated mechanically with a low-speed conical brush. Roots were then split longitudinally in vestibular-lingual direction. Each surface was observed under SEM in its different thirds. Microphotographs were taken at 150X and 600X magnification and results analyzed statistically using Kruskall Wallis and Friedman tests (p<0.05). The results [mean (standard deviation)] were: for 150X: G1 11.00 (1.33), G2 7.50 (3.13), G3 6.30 (2.58), G4 2.20 (2.80), G5 4.30 (1.50), and for 600X G1 11.40 (0.84), G2 10.00 (1.94), G3 7.70 (3.33), G4 5.80 (3.70), G5 7.20 (2.65). The statistical analysis showed significant differences between irrigants (p<0.05) but not between root thirds (p>>0.05). The EDTA+NaOCl combination and polyacrylic acid showed greater capacity to remove the smear layer created during post preparation.
RESUMEN El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de diferentes protocolos de irrigación para remover el barro dentinario de las paredes del conducto y entrada de los túbulos dentinarios, producido durante la preparación para anclaje intarradicular. Se utilizaron 50 premolares inferiores humanos a los cuales se les cortó la corona clínica. Luego se les realizó tratamiento endodóntico y obturación del tercio apical con cono único de conicidad aumentada y compactación vertical caliente. Se dejaron libres 10 mm para la preparación para poste que se realizó utilizando secuencialmente fresa de Largo # 1y fresa piloto Exacto #1(Angelus, Brasil), irrigando a cada cambio de instrumento con agua destilada. Las muestras fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en 5 grupos (n=10). G 1: No se efectuó ningún lavaje. Los irrigantes fueron activados con cepillo mecánico cónico a baja velocidad. G 2: Agua destilada activada 60 s+ agua destilada G 3: NaOCl al 5,25%, 15 s+ agua destilada. G 4: EDTA al 17% (Farmadental, Argentina) 60 s +NaOCl al 5,25% 15 s , + agua destilada. G 5 : Ácido poliacrílico al 10% ( Densell) 15 s + agua destilada. Posteriormente, las raíces fueron seccionadas longitudinalmente en sentido vestíbulo lingual. Cada superficie fue observada al MEB en sus diferentes tercios. Las micrografías se realizaron a 150 y 600 X y los resultados analizados estadísticamente mediante test de Kruskall Wallis y Friedman (p<0,05), Los resultados [Medias (desviaciones estándar)] fueron: para 150X G1 11,00(1,33), G2 7,50 (3,13), G3 6,30 (2,58), G4 2,20 (2,80), G5 4,30 (1,50) y para 600X G1 11,40 (0,84), G2 10,00 (1,94), G3 7,70 (3,33), G4 5,80 (3,70), G5 7,20 (2,65). El análisis estadístico mostró diferencia significativa entre irrigantes (p<0,05) pero no entre tercios radiculares (p>0,05). La combinación de EDTA+NaOCl y el ácido poliacrílico tendrían mayor capacidad de remoción del barro dentinario creado durante la preparación para poste.
Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Dental Pulp Cavity/drug effects , Root Canal Irrigants/administration & dosage , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Smear Layer , Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Introduction: Description of the bacterial community before and after chemomechanical preparation (CP) with the removal of a smear layer (SL) in pulpectomized primary teeth has been little reported. Objective: These case reports describe the presence of total microorganisms and Enterococcus faecalis in root canals of primary incisors before and after CP with SL removal. Case Reports: Microbiological samples were collected from the root canals of three children (3.66±0.58 years old) with necrosis (n=2) and irreversible pulpal inflammation (n=1) in maxillary primary incisors. After teeth isolation with a rubber dam and antisepsis of the operative field, the sample collections were performed with sterile absorbent paper cones before and after the CP, which included irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by 6% citric acid to remove the SL. The collected samples were analysed immediately at the end of the clinical procedures. The plates were incubated anaerobically for 48 hours at 37°C. The results were expressed as colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Results: Two of the three teeth showed total microorganisms before the CP. One incisor had no microorganisms in the initial collection. No CFU was counted in the samples collected after CP. Moreover, E. faecalis was not observed any time, either before or after the CP. Conclusions: E. faecalis was not detected in any sample, yet two of the three root canals had microorganisms before CP. In cases where microorganisms were initially found, 100% elimination was observed after the applied protocol.
Introdução: A descrição da comunidade bacteriana antes e após o preparo químico-mecânico (PQM) com remoção da smear layer (SL) em dentes decíduos pulpectomizados tem sido pouco relatada. Objetivo: Esses relatos de casos descrevem a presença de microrganismos totais e Enterococcus faecalis em canais radiculares de incisivos decíduos antes e após PQM com remoção de SL. Relatos dos Casos: Amostras microbiológicas foram coletadas do canal radicular de três crianças (3,66 ± 0,58 anos) com necrose (n = 2) e inflamação pulpar irreversível (n= 1) em incisivos decíduos superiores. Após o isolamento dos dentes com dique de borracha e antissepsia do campo operatório, as coletas das amostras foram realizadas com cones de papel absorvente estéril antes e após o PQM, que incluiu irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% seguido de ácido cítrico 6% para retirada do SL. As amostras coletadas foram analisadas imediatamente ao final dos procedimentos clínicos. As placas foram incubadas em anaerobiose durante 48 horas a 37°C. Os resultados foram expressos em unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC)/mL. Resultados: Dois dos três dentes apresentaram microrganismos totais antes do PQM. Um incisivo não apresentava microrganismos na coleta inicial. Nenhuma UFC foi contada nas amostras coletadas após o PQM. Além disso, o E. faecalis não foi observado nenhum momento, nem antes, nem depois do PQM. Conclusão: Não foi detectado E. faecalis em nenhuma amostra, porém dois dos três canais radiculares apresentavam microrganismos antes do PQM. Nos casos em que foram encontrados microrganismos inicialmente, observou-se 100% de eliminação após o protocolo aplicado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Pulpectomy/methods , Smear Layer/microbiology , Dental Pulp Necrosis/microbiology , Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiologyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La microfiltración es uno de los problemas principales de todas las obturaciones a base de resina. Muchos estudios buscan optimizar un buen sellado marginal utilizando diversos acondicionadores, como el hipoclorito de sodio, que permite que el adhesivo penetre bien, al generar desproteinización, y el ácido fosfórico que permite remover el barro dentinario, y así de esta manera formar una capa híbrida al colocar el adhesivo. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de sellado marginal de la resina Bulk Fill aplicando gel de hipoclorito de sodio 10 por ciento comparado con el gel de ácido fosfórico al 37 por ciento en el acondicionamiento dental in vitro. Métodos: El universo fue de 72 dientes con cavidades clase I; se separaron en 4 grupos por muestra de 18 dientes cada uno; después de obturar se realizó el termociclaje a 500 ciclos entre 5 °C a 55 °C; luego se sumergieron en azul de metileno 2 por ciento, durante 12 h y 24 h a temperatura de 37 °C. Finalmente se evaluó el sellado marginal en el estereomicroscopio, según el ISO / TS 11405: 2015, con los criterios siguientes: grado 0 (sin microfiltración), grado 1 (microfiltración hasta esmalte), grado 2 (microfiltración hasta dentina) y grado 3 (microfiltración hasta piso pulpar). Resultados: El acondicionamiento con ácido fosfórico 37 por ciento a las 12 h presentó grado 0 (55,6 por ciento) y grado 1 (33,3 por ciento), y a las 24 h, grado 1 (55,6 por ciento). Con respecto al hipoclorito de sodio 10 por ciento a las 12 h, grado 0 (44.4 por ciento) y a las 24 h predominó grado 1 (55,6 por ciento). Para la contrastación de hipótesis en muestras relacionadas se obtuvo en ácido fosfórico 37 por ciento e hipoclorito de sodio al 10 por ciento a las 12 h y 24 h un p= 0,052 y p= 0,584, respectivamente. Para comparaciones entre muestras independientes a las 12 h y 24 h se obtuvo p= 0,462 y p= 0,406, respectivamente. Conclusiones: El gel de hipoclorito de sodio al 10 por ciento presenta similar eficacia en el sellado marginal respecto al gel de ácido fosfórico al 37 por ciento, al utilizarlo como acondicionador dental(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Microfiltration is one of the main problems of all resin sealings. Many studies aim to optimize marginal sealing using a variety of conditioners, such as sodium hypochlorite, which allows good penetration of the adhesive by generating deproteinization, and phosphoric acid, which allows removal of the dental smear layer, thus creating a hybrid layer when the adhesive is placed. Objective: Evaluate the marginal sealing degree of Bulk Fill resin applying 10 percent sodium hypochlorite gel versus 37 percent phosphoric acid gel in in vitro dental conditioning. Methods: The study universe was 72 teeth with class I cavities, divided into four groups of 18 teeth. Upon sealing, thermal cycling was performed at 500 cycles from 5 ºC to 55 ºC. Next the teeth were submerged in 2 percent methylene blue for 12 h and 24 h at a temperature of 37 ºC. Finally marginal sealing was evaluated in the stereo microscope according to ISO / TS 11405: 2015, using the following scale: grade 0 (no microfiltration), grade 1 (microfiltration as far as the enamel), grade 2 (microfiltration as far as the dentin), and grade 3 (microfiltration as far as the pulp floor). Results: Conditioning with 37 percent phosphoric acid was grade 0 (55.6 percent) and grade 1 (33.3 percent) at 12 h, and grade 1 (55.6 percent) at 24 h, whereas conditioning with 10 percent sodium hypochlorite was grade 0 (44.4%) at 12 h, and predominantly grade 1 (55.6 percent) at 24 h. Hypothesis contrast in related samples yielded 37 percent phosphoric acid and 10 percent sodium hypochlorite at 12 h and 24 h, p= 0.052 and p= 0.584, respectively. Comparison between independent samples at 12 h and 24 h yielded p= 0.462 and p= 0.406, respectively. Conclusions: The 10 percent sodium hypochlorite gel has similar marginal sealing effectiveness as the 37 percent phosphoric acid gel when used as dental conditioners(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Phosphoric Acids/adverse effects , Pit and Fissure Sealants/therapeutic use , Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use , Microstraining/methods , Smear Layer/etiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of four final irrigation protocols in smear layer removal and bacterial inhibition in root canal systems. Thirty roots inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis were prepared with ProTaper Universal files. The teeth were disinfected by conventional needle irrigation, sonic agitation using the EndoActivator device, passive ultrasonic irrigation, or an M3 Max file. Teeth with no root canal preparation served as blank controls for the establishment of the infection baseline. Teeth with preparation but no final irrigation served as a post-instrumentation baseline. After the final irrigation, the teeth were sectioned in half. One half of each tooth was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess smear layer removal using a five-point scale. The other half was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using the LIVE/DEAD BackLight bacterial viability kit to evaluate the depth of bacterial survival in dentinal tubules. SEM analysis revealed no significant difference in smear layer removal throughout the whole canal among the EA, PUI, and M3 Max groups (P > 0.05). CLSM revealed that PUI achieved the greatest bacterial inhibition depth in the coronal ((174.27 ± 31.63) μm), middle ((160.94 ± 37.77) μm), and apical ((119.53 ± 28.49) μm) thirds of the canal (all P < 0.05 vs. other groups). According to this comprehensive SEM and CLSM evaluation, PUI appears to have the best infection control ability in root canal systems.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity , Edetic Acid , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Root Canal Irrigants , Root Canal Preparation , Smear Layer , Sodium HypochloriteABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to find a formula and application time for chelators effective in cleaning the root canal without causing erosion and considering dental age. The sample included 120 teeth: 60 taken from young patients and 60 from adult patients. They were instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Each subgroup was divided randomly into six groups: 4 groups of 12 teeth and 2 control groups of 6 teeth. In the final irrigation, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plus Cetavlón (EDTAC) or 10% citric acid was applied for 1 or 3 minutes according to each group. The results showed a high level of cleanliness, and a few showed erosion of the dentinal tubules. Satisfactory results were obtained in the removal of the smear layer when applying EDTAC or citric acid combined with NaOCl. Erosion was present in different degrees regardless of dental age, but it was indeed affected by the irrigant exposure time.
O objetivo deste estudo foi obter uma fórmula e um tempo de aplicação dos quelantes efetivos que permitam a limpeza das paredes do canal sem causar erosões, levando em consideração a idade dental. A amostra foi composta por 120 dentes, 60 de pacientes jovens e 60 de pacientes adultos, foram instrumentados e irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) a 2,5%. Cada subgrupo foi dividido aleatoriamente em 6 grupos: 4 grupos de 12 dentes e 2 grupos de controle com 6 dentes cada um. Na irrigação final, ácido etilenodiaminotetracético com Cetavlón (EDTAC) 17% ou ácido cítrico 10% foi aplicado por 1 ou 3 minutos, dependendo do grupo. Os resultados mostraram um bom nível de limpeza com algumas amostras com erosão dos túbulos dentinários. Com EDTAC ou ácido cítrico combinado com NaOCl, resultados satisfatórios foram obtidos na remoção da camada de esfregaço . A erosão esteve presente em seus diferentes graus independentemente da idade dentária, mas não do tempo de exposição do irrigante.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Erosion , Edetic Acid , Ethylenediamines , Chelating Agents , Smear LayerABSTRACT
Objetivo: esse estudo avaliou o efeito de protocolos de irrigação final, associados ao uso de EDTA e QMix, na remoção de smear layer. Métodos: foram utilizados 40 dentes humanos com canal único. Os canais foram instrumentados com sistema ProTaper Universal SX-F3. As substâncias químicas utilizadas durante o preparo foram hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25% (NaOCl) ou clorexidina a 2% (CHX) gel. Terminado o preparo, os dentes foram divididos em oito grupos, de acordo com os irrigantes: G1) NaOCl 5,25% + EDTA 17% + NaOCl 5,25%; G2) NaOCl 5,25% + EDTA 17% + água destilada (AD); G3) NaOCl 5,25% + QMix + NaOCl 5,25%; G4) NaOCl 5,25% + QMix + AD; G5) CHX 2% gel + EDTA 17% + CHX 2% solução; G6) CHX 2% gel + EDTA 17% + AD; G7) CHX 2% gel + QMix + CHX 2% solução e G8) CHX 2% gel + QMix + AD. As amostras foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura ambiental, antes e após os protocolos de irrigação final. As imagens foram classificadas por escores, em relação à presença de smear layer, e os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: o G1 mostrou os melhores resultados em relação à remoção de smear layer (p < 0,05). A CHX gel 2% mostrou menor formação de smear layer, quando comparada ao NaOCl, após o preparo biomecânico; e o NaOCl apresentou melhor limpeza como irrigante final (p < 0,05). Conclusões: o NaOCl como irrigante final, combinado ao EDTA, mostrou melhor capacidade de remoção da smear layer (AU).
Introduction: This study evaluated the effect of different final irrigation protocols using EDTA and QMix on smear layer removal. Methods: The root canals of 40 single-rooted human teeth were prepared with ProTaper Universal SX - F3. The substances used were 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gel (chlorhexidine), 2% chlorhexidine solution and distilled water. The teeth were divided into 8 groups, according to the irrigant used: G1: 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl; G2: 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + distilled water; G3: 5.25% NaOCl + QMix + 5.25% NaOCl; G4: 5.25% NaOCl + QMix + DW; G5: 2% chlorhexidine gel + 17% EDTA + 2% chlorhexidine solution; G6: 2% chlorhexidine gel + 17% EDTA + distilled water; G7: 2% chlorhexidine gel + QMix + 2% chlorhexidine solution; and G8: 2% chlorhexidine gel + QMix + distilled water. Samples were evaluated under environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) before and after irrigation. ESEM images were classified according to smear layer scores, and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: Group 1 had the best results for smear layer removal (p<0.05). Smear layer formation was lower when 2% chlorhexidine gel was used after cleaning and shaping than when the irrigant was 5.25% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl had the best cleaning ability as a final irrigant. Conclusion: 5.25% NaOCl combined with EDTA was the best final irrigant for smear layer removal (AU).
Subject(s)
Root Canal Irrigants , Sodium Hypochlorite , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Smear LayerABSTRACT
RESUMEN: El barro dentinario producido durante tratamiento endodóntico puede ser extruido hacia el tejido periradicular junto con el irrigante, produciendo inflamación y dolor postoperatorio. Comparar la cantidad de extrusión apical de barro dentinario e irrigante, producido durante la preparación químico-mecánica, por dos sistemas de instrumentación Rotatoria (Mtwo), y Reciprocante (Reciproc), complementado con irrigación pasiva o activa (Endoactivator). Cuarenta y ocho premolares (48) inferiores, fueron aleatoriamente distribuidos en cuatro grupos de estudio (n=12 dientes), (1) Rotatorio-pasiva, (2) Reciprocante-pasiva, (3) Rotatorio-activa y (4) Reciprocante-activa. Los conductos radiculares fueron instrumentados de acuerdo a las instrucciones del fabricante, e irrigados con hipoclorito de sodio al 5 %. El barro dentinario e irrigante extruido, fueron recolectados en tubos Eppendorf previamente pesados. Se calcularon los valores de extrusión de barro dentinario e irrigante para cada grupo. Los datos fueron analizados con el análisis de varianza ANOVA. En todos los grupos se produjo extrusión apical. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la extrusión apical de barro dentinario, entre los grupos estudiados (P = 0,068), sin embargo, al analizar la extrusión de irrigantes, se evidenció diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos 1 y 4 (P< 0,05), entre los demás grupos no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. (P > 0,05). Bajo las condiciones de este estudio, los sistemas rotarios y reciprocante, extruyen sólido y líquido, siendo el sistema reciprocante el que produce mayor extrusión de líquido, tanto con irrigación activa como pasiva.
ABSTRACT: The smear layer produced during endodontic treatment can be extruded into the periradicular tissue together with the irrigant, producing inflammation and postoperative pain. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the amount of apical extrusion, produced during the endodontic preparations with two rotary instrumentation systems using passive and active irrigation. Forty-eight (48) mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 12 teeth), (1) Rotatory - passive, (2) Reciprocating passive, (3) Rotatory-active, (4) Reciprocating- active. The root canals were instrumented according to the manufacturer's instructions and irrigated with 5 % sodium hypochlorite. Extruded debris and irrigant were collected in previously weighed Eppendorf tubes. The extrusion values were calculated for each group. The data were analyzed with the ANOVA analysis of variance. Results: Apical extrusion was produced in all groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the apical extrusion of smear layer, between the groups studied (P = 0.068), however, when analyzing the extrusion of irrigants, a statistically significant difference was evidenced between groups 1 and 4 (P <0.05). , among the other groups no statistically significant differences were observed. (P> 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the reciprocating and rotary systems, extrude solid and liquid, being the reciprocating system the one that produces more extrusion of liquid, with both active and passive irrigation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Irrigants , Smear Layer , Therapeutic Irrigation/instrumentation , Titanium/chemistry , Bicuspid , In Vitro Techniques , Analysis of Variance , Nickel/chemistryABSTRACT
Abstract This study evaluated clinical and radiographic twelve-month outcomes of root canal treatments (CT) with smear layer removal, performed in primary teeth, using two different root canal filling materials. Pulpectomy was performed on 27 primary teeth with necrosis or irreversible pulpitis, caused by dental caries or trauma, in 23 children (2-7 years old). A single trained operator performed the CT in a single visit in cases without periapical or interradicular radiolucency (PIR) or in multiple visits in cases with PIR. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly allocated into two groups: Group 1 (G1) - iodoform paste (iodoform + camphorated parachlorophenol + ointment comprising prednisolone acetate 5.0 mg and rifamycin 1.5 mg); Group 2 (G2) - Calen®/ZO paste. Treated teeth were restored with composite resin immediately after the root canal filling. The outcomes were evaluated clinically and radiographically according to specific criteria. Two blinded and standardized evaluators assessed the radiographic outcomes. We used descriptive analyses due to the small sample size. CTs were performed due to caries lesions in 70.4% of the cases and due to trauma in 29.6%. Only one tooth of G1 was unsuccessful; hence, pulpectomy performance in both groups was not influenced by the filling material, nor by any other analyzed variable. The level of the root canal filling was better in the Calen®/ZO group. The clinical and radiographic twelve-month outcomes indicated successful treatment, independently of the root filling material used.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Pulpectomy/methods , Root Canal Filling Materials/therapeutic use , Root Canal Therapy/methods , Zinc Oxide/therapeutic use , Calcium Hydroxide/therapeutic use , Hydrocarbons, Iodinated/therapeutic use , Ointments , Pulpitis/therapy , Pulpitis/diagnostic imaging , Tooth, Deciduous , Radiography, Dental , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Smear Layer/surgery , Tooth Injuries/therapy , Tooth Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Caries/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Aim: The aim was to evaluate the bond strength at the cement/dentin interface in the post space, after specimens were treated with different final irrigation protocols, followed by cementation with a dual resin cement. Methods: Forty-eight extracted uniradicular human premolars were divided into four groups according to the irrigation (n = 12): control with distilled water; 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); 2.5% NaOCl + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The pull-out test was performed. The results were evaluated using ANOVA with Tukey's paired comparisons, with a significance of 5%. Results: When all groups were compared, significant difference occurred (p = 0.006), and in the paired comparison, NaOCl + PUI and CHX differed (p = 0.005). The CHX showed significantly higher adhesive defects between cement and dentin than other groups. Conclusions: The final irrigation protocol for cleaning after preparation for post space directly influences the bond strength at the cement/dentin interface
Subject(s)
Root Canal Irrigants , Sodium Hypochlorite , Smear Layer , Dental Cements , Dental PinsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of XP-endo Finisher (XPF) file and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in the smear layer removal of the root canal.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 human single-rooted premolars were selected and decoronated to standardize their canal length to 16 mm. Tooth samples were prepared using a S3 rotary system to prepare root canal with the file size of 3S and then randomly divided into 6 groups according to the final irrigation protocol, as follows: XPF 3 mL of 3% NaOCl for 1 min (group A); XPF 3 mL of 3% NaOCl for 1 min, followed by 4 mL of 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 1 min (group B); PUI of 3 mL of 3% NaOCl for 1 min (group C); PUI of 3 mL of 3% NaOCl for 1 min, followed by 4 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 min (group D); 3 mL of 3% NaOCl for 1 min by using a syringe and a 30 G side-vented needle (group E); and 3 mL of 3% NaOCl for 1 min by using a syringe and a 30 G side-vented needle, followed by 4 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 min (group F). After the completion of the root canal preparation, the teeth were split into two longitudinally. The mean numbers of the visible open dentinal tubules in the apical and middle thirds of the root canals were evaluated via scanning electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#The whole surfaces of the root canals in groups A, C, and E were covered by a smear layer. Groups A and C possessed significantly higher number of visible open dentinal tubules than in group E (P0.05). The apical third of the samples in groups B and D and in the middle thirds of canals in group F exhibited a small amount of smear layer, and the dentinal tubules were open or semi-open. The root canal surfaces in the apical third of the samples in group F were covered by a smear layer, and the dentinal tubules were sealed or semisealed. The smear layers in the middle third of the samples in groups B and D were removed, and the dentinal tubules were more visibly open than those of the four other groups (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The difference between XPF and PUI in terms of the smear layer removal of the root canals was insignificant. Hence, XPF, as a new irrigation agitation technique, can aid in improving smear layer removal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity , Edetic Acid , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Root Canal Irrigants , Root Canal Preparation , Smear Layer , Sodium HypochloriteABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peracetic acid (PAA) as a single irrigant on the smear layer, on the intraradicular dentinal bond strength, and on the penetrability of an epoxy-based resin sealer into the dentinal tubules. A total of 120 roots were distributed into 4 groups according to the irrigant used in root canal preparation: 1% PAA (PAA); 2.5% NaOCl followed by final irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl (NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl); 2.5% NaOCl (NaOCl); and saline solution (SS). The smear layer was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The bond strength of an epoxy-based resin sealer (AH Plus) to root dentin was evaluated by the push-out test and penetrability of the sealer into dentinal tubules was observed by confocal laser microscopy. The results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn post-test (α = 0.05). The use of 1% PAA as single root canal irrigant provided smear layer removal and improved the penetrability and bond strength of AH Plus to root dentin in a manner similar to that of the NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl group (p > 0.05). The NaOCl and SS groups had higher values of smear layer and lower values of sealer penetrability and dentin bond strength than the PAA and NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl groups (p < 0.05). Thus, 1% PAA has the potential to be used as a single irrigant in root canals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Peracetic Acid/chemistry , Root Canal Filling Materials/chemistry , Root Canal Irrigants/chemistry , Smear Layer/chemistry , Dental Pulp Cavity/drug effects , Dentin/drug effects , Epoxy Resins/chemistry , Reference Values , Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Reproducibility of Results , Dental Bonding/methods , Edetic Acid/chemistry , Microscopy, Confocal , Dental Pulp Cavity/chemistry , Dentin/chemistryABSTRACT
Introduction: the aim of this study is to determine the current trends of irrigation during root canal therapy by specialists who are members of the Chilean Endodontic Society. materials and method: a survey (survey monkey -SurveyMonkey.com) was e-mailed to the 485 members of the Chilean Endodontic Society. the instrument was translated and adapted from the survey "irrigation trends among American Association of Endodontists members: a web-based survey" applied in the USA in 2012. participants answered a set of 16 questions that included irrigant selection, irrigant concentration, the adopted protocol, techniques or devices for irrigant activation. results: 99 percent of respondents use sodium hypochlorite as the main irrigant. data indicate that 74 percent of respondents use hypochlorite at a concentration of 5 percent. most respondents (94 percent) also include EDTA in their usual practice. In addition, 90 percent of respondents reported that they activate the irrigating agent, and 94 percent confirmed that they perform a final irrigation protocol. conclusion: the majority of respondents use sodium hypochlorite as the main irrigant at a concentration of 5 percent, use ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a smear removal agent, activate the irrigant, and perform a final irrigation protocol.
Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Practice Patterns, Dentists'/statistics & numerical data , Endodontics/statistics & numerical data , Sodium Hypochlorite/administration & dosage , Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use , Chile , Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Surveys and Questionnaires , Smear Layer , Edetic Acid/administration & dosage , Edetic Acid/therapeutic use , Therapeutic Irrigation/methodsABSTRACT
La microfiltración apical es uno de los causantes del fracaso en los tratamientos de endodoncia, misma que es debida a la adaptación deficiente de los materiales, a la solubilidad del cemento sellador, o a la contracción del relleno radicular. Ob-jetivo: Determinar la microfiltración apical en conductos obturados sin y con pretratamiento dentinario de EDTA y ácido cítrico. Materiales y métodos: 30 dientes premolares uniradiculares recientemente extraídos fueron instrumentados y divididos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos de 10 piezas cada uno, siendo: G1= dientes sin pretratamiento dentinario (grupo con-trol), G2= dientes con pretratamiento dentinario de EDTA al 17%, G3= dientes con pretratamiento de ácido cítrico al 10%. A continuación todos los grupos fueron irrigados con NaOCl al 5.25%, seguido por suero fisiológico y finalmente obtura-dos con cemento resinoso TopSeal (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). Previa diafanización de los dientes se realizó la observación en un estereomicroscopio óptico y se midió la microfiltración lineal con un calibrador digital. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados a través del test de ANOVA y test de Tukey con nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Las medias fueron 1.61, 0.54, 0.12 para G1, G2 y G3 respectivamente. Existió diferencia significativa entre los grupos que recibieron pretratamiento dentinario con el grupo control (p<0.001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos que recibieron pretratamiento dentinario (p<0.364). Conclusión: Los dos tipos de pretratamiento dentinario disminuyeron de manera eficiente la microfiltración apical sin existir diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos.
The apical microfiltration is one of the causes of the failure in the endodontic treatments, which is due to the poor adapta-tion of the materials, to the solubility of the cement sealer, or to the contraction of the root filling. Objective: To determine apical microfiltration in sealed ducts without and with EDTA and citric acid pretreatment. Materials and methods: 30 recently extracted uniradicular premolar teeth were instrumented and randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 pieces each, being: G1= teeth without dentin pretreatment (control group), G2= teeth with 17% EDTA dentin pretreatment, G3= teeth with 10% citric acid pretreatment. All the groups were then irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl, followed by physiological saline and finally sealed with TopSeal resinous cement (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). After diaphanization of the teeth, observation was made in an optical stereomicroscope and the linear microfiltration was measured with a digital calibrator. The data were processed and analyzed through the ANOVA test and the Tukey test with a level of significance of 5%. Results: The means were 1.61, 0.54, 0.12 for G1, G2 and G3 respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups that received pretreatment dentin with the control group (p <0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups that received dentin pretreatment (p<0.364). Conclusion: The two types of dentin pretreatment efficiently decreased apical microfiltration without a statistically significant difference between the two.
A microfiltração apical é uma das causas da falha em endodontia, mesmo é devido à má adaptação dos materiais, a solubilidade do cimento de cimentação, o encolhimento ou o enchimento da raiz. Objetivo: Determinar a microfiltração apical em ductos selados sem e com pré-tratamento de dentina de EDTA e ácido cítrico. Materiais e métodos: 30 pré-molares recentemente uniradiculares extraídos foram instrumentados e aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos de 10 unidades cada, em que: G1 = dentes dentinários sem pré-tratamento de dentina (grupo controle), G2 = dentes con pré-tratamento de dentina 17% de EDTA , G3 = dentes com pré-tratamento de dentina con 10% de ácido cítrico. Todos os grupos foram então irrigados com NaOCl a 5,25%, seguido de soro fisiológico e finalmente selados com cimento resinoso TopSeal (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Alemanha). Após a diafanização dos dentes, a observação foi feita em estereomicroscópio óptico e a microfiltração linear foi medida com um calibrador digital. Os dados foram processados e analisados através do teste ANOVA e do teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: As médias foram 1,61, 0,54, 0,12 para G1, G2 e G3, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos que receberam pré-tratamento de dentina com o grupo controle (p <0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos que receberam pré-tratamento com dentina (p <0,364). Conclusão: Os dois tipos de pré-tratamento com dentina diminuíram eficientemente a microfiltração apical, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois.
Subject(s)
Root Canal Filling Materials , Root Canal Therapy , Analysis of Variance , Edetic Acid , Citric Acid , Endodontics , Specimen Handling , Bicuspid , Microstraining , Chelating Agents , Disinfection , Smear LayerABSTRACT
Abstract The aim was to evaluate the influence of different dentin preparation mode in the smear layer characteristics (SL), hybrid layer (HL), and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to dentin with two resin cements. The occlusal dentin of 120 third molars was exposed. The teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=30) according to the dentin preparation mode: 1- fine grain diamond bur; 2- coarse grain diamond bur; 3- multi laminate carbide steel bur; and, 4- ultrasonic CV Dentus diamond bur. Each treated dentin group was divided into 2 sub-groups (n=15) according to the resin cement: (1) RelyX U200 and (2) RelyX ARC. Resin composite blocks were cemented on dentin. After storage at 37o C for 24 h, beams with a cross section area of 1.0 mm2 were obtained, and tested in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Two additional teeth for each sub-group were prepared to analyze the SL and HL on a scanning electron microscopy. According to Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn tests, there was no significant difference in µTBS among the rotary instruments within each resin cement group. RelyX ARC obtained higher µTBS values compared to RelyX U200 (p<0.05). RelyX ARC formed evident HL, which was not observed for RelyX U200. The dentin mode preparation did not influence the µTBS of the resin cements. The SL was different for all instruments. The cementing agent is more determinant in the hybrid layer formation and bond strength to dentin than the instruments applied on dentin.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes modos de preparação da dentina nas características da smear layer (SL), da camada híbrida (CH) e na resistência de união à microtração (RUµT) à dentina com dois cimentos resinosos. A dentina oclusal de 120 terceiros molares humanos foi exposta. Os dentes foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=30) de acordo com o modo de preparação da dentina: 1 - ponta diamantada de granulação fina; 2 - ponta diamantada de granulação grossa; 3 - ponta de carboneto de aço multilaminada; 4 - ponta diamantada ultrassônica. Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos (n=15) de acordo com o cimento resinoso: (1) RelyX U200 e (2) RelyX ARC. Blocos de resina composta foram cimentados na dentina. Após armazenamento a 37 °C por 24 h, as amostras foram cortadas para obter palitos com área de 1,0 mm2, os quais foram testados em máquina de ensaio universal com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Dois dentes adicionais por subgrupo foram preparados para analisar as características da SL e da CH em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. De acordo com o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Dunn, não houve diferença significativa na RUµT entre os instrumentos rotatórios para cada cimento resinoso. RelyX ARC obteve maiores valores de RUµT em comparação ao RelyX U200 (p<0,05). RelyX ARC formou uma CH evidente, o que não foi observado para o RelyX U200. O modo de preparação da dentina não influenciou na RUµT dos cimentos resinosos. A SL foi diferente para todos os instrumentos. O agente de cimentação foi mais determinante na formação da camada híbrida e na resistência de união do que os instrumentos utilizados para preparar a dentina.