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1.
Prensa méd. argent ; Prensa méd. argent;110(3): 131-138, 20240000. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1572344

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En nuestro país, más del 60% de los niños/as y adolescentes viven en la pobreza generando padecimientos nutricionales, vacunación incompleta y falta de controles de salud. La articulación entre Atención Primaria de la Salud y organizaciones sociales facilita el acceso a la salud. El dispositivo cartoneritos es un ejemplo de esto. Objetivos: 1-Evaluar estado nutricional, vacunación y agudeza visual en niños de población vulnerable. 2-Relevar sus antecedentes de salud. 3-Constatar controles de salud adecuados. Métodos: Diseño: retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal. Niños/as: 4 a 10 años que concurrieron al Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Cartoneritos. Se realizó articulación intersectorial para coordinar 4 jornadas con el CeSAC, organizando un circuito interdisciplinario para recibirlos. Cada jornada finalizó con una actividad lúdica y merienda. Análisis estadístico: frecuencia y porcentaje. Resultados: Se evaluaron 67 niños (4-11 años) de los cuales 28(41.8%) tenían sobrepeso/obesidad. Vacunación: Incompleta 46(68.7%) Al finalizar la jornada 64 niños presentaron vacunación completa(95,5%). Antecedentes de salud: problemas respiratorios 8.9%(6), del desarrollo 10.4%(7), agudeza visual normal: 95.4%(42/44), fecha del último control: dentro del año 10(18.9%). Todos los niños participaron de la actividad de cierre de la jornada. Conclusiones: La experiencia descripta constituyó una estrategia particular para garantizar una puerta de entrada al sistema de salud para niños/as que, por su situación de alta vulnerabilidad, presentan peores indicadores de salud.


Introduction: In our country, more than 60% of children and adolescents live in poverty, leading to nutritional issues, incomplete vaccination and lack of health check-ups. The collaboration between Primary Health Care and social organizations eases access to health. This motivated the organization of a device to facilitate the same for these children.Cartoneritos programme is an example of this. Objectives: 1-Evaluate nutritional status, vaccination and visual acuity in children from vulnerable populations. 2-Review your health history. 3-Confirm adequate health checks. Methods: Design: retrospective, descriptive, transversal. Children aged 4 to 10 years old who attended the Cartoneritos Child Development Center. Intersectoral coordination was carried out to coordinate 4 days with the CeSAC, organizing an interdisciplinary circuit to receive them. Each day ended with a recreational activity and snack. Statistical analysis: frequency and percentage. Results: 67 children (4-11 years) were evaluated, of which 28 (41.8%) were overweight/obese. Vaccination: Incomplete 46 (68.7%) At the end of the day, 64 children presented complete vaccination (95.5%). Health history: respiratory problems 8.9%(6), developmental problems 10.4%(7), normal visual acuity: 95.4%(42/44), date of last check-up: within year 10(18.9%). All the children participated in the closing activity of the day. Conclusions: The described experience constituted a particular strategy to guarantee a gateway to the health system for children who, due to their highly vulnerable situation, have worse health indicators.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Health Vulnerability , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data
2.
Clin. biomed. res ; 43(1): 21-29, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435602

ABSTRACT

Introdução: No Brasil, existem poucos estudos com recicladores de Unidades de Triagem de Resíduos (UTRs). Vários fenômenos sociais têm sido associados ao aumento da Insegurança Alimentar (IA) em países menos desenvolvidos. O estudo tem como objetivo descrever a prevalência de insegurança alimentar em recicladores.Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com adultos associados de duas UTRs na cidade de Porto Alegre, sul do Brasil, entre 2017 a 2018. Todas as coletas ocorreram nas UTRs. Os indivíduos tiveram seu estado nutricional avaliado por medidas antropométricas através da aferição de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura. A taxa de Insegurança Alimentar foi avaliada pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) e o risco para uso de substâncias foi avaliado pelo Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).Resultados: Foram avaliados 123 sujeitos, com idade média de 35 ± 13,4 anos, sendo 66% do sexo feminino. Foi identificada uma taxa de IA de 74%, sendo que destes, 16% apresentaram Insegurança Alimentar Grave. Cerca de 57% dos participantes apresentaram sobrepeso ou obesidade e 48% circunferência da cintura aumentada. Em relação ao uso de substâncias, 60,5% relataram abuso de tabaco e 14% de álcool.Conclusão: São necessárias intervenções multidisciplinares para prevenir as situações encontradas e a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para os atos de promoção da saúde na população de recicladores. É fundamental que tanto a sociedade, quanto o governo reconheçam a existência destes problemas para que medidas efetivas possam ser instituídas.


Introduction: In Brazil, there are few studies with recyclers of Waste Sorting Units (WSUs). Several social phenomena have been associated with increased food insecurity (FI) in less developed countries. The study aims to describe food insecurity prevalence in recyclers.Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with adults from two WSUs in the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, between 2017 and 2018. All data assessment occurred in WSUs. Anthropometric measurements were assessed by weight, height and waist circumference. Food insecurity was assessed with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) and substance use was evaluated by the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).Results: 123 subjects were evaluated, with a mean age of 35 ± 13.4 years, 66% of which were female. A FI rate of 74% was identified, and of these, 16% had Severe Food Insecurity. About 57% of participants were overweight or obese and 48% presented high waist circumference. Regarding substance use, 60.5% were classified for tobacco abuse and 14% for alcohol abuse.Conclusion: Multidisciplinary interventions are needed to prevent all health issues encountered as well as implementation of public policies for the recyclers' health promotion. It is essential that both society and the government recognize the existence of these problems so that measures can be carried out by health institutions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Nutrition Assessment , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis
3.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 90(1): 15-21, ene.-jun. 2022. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1391178

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: En Honduras, los accidentes de tránsito (AT) se han incrementado en los últimos años, representando un problema para la salud pública nacional y mundial. Las muertes por AT según la Dirección Nacional de Vialidad y Transporte (DNVT) incrementaron en 23% entre 2020 y 2021. Objetivo: Caracterizar los determinantes sociales de la salud de muertes y lesiones por accidentes de tránsito en Honduras. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, retrospectivo, basado en fuentes secundarias de AT a nivel nacional de la DNVT Honduras, 2019. Resultados: De 4,778 personas accidentadas, el sexo masculino representó 85.9% fallecidos y 75.2% lesiones. De cada diez personas que sufrieron lesiones, siete correspondieron al sexo masculino. El grupo etario con mayor número de fallecidos fue de 25 a 34 años. El mayor número de AT correspondió a los departamentos: Cortés y Francisco Morazán. La principal causa fue atropellamiento y colisión. La mayor ocurrencia fue los fines de semana en 35.9% y en el mes de diciembre por la tarde- noche. Tipo de vehículo más involucrado: transporte mediano, uso particular y motorizado, usuarios más vulnerables: peatones y conductores. Las principales causas de mortalidad fueron: exceso de velocidad, imprudencia del conductor y del peatón y obstrucción de vía pública. Discusión. Los determinantes sociales de la salud pueden influir sobre la ocurrencia y aumentar el riesgo de algunos individuos para morir o lesionarse a causa de AT, en Honduras al igual que otros países, se carece de información que relacione determinantes inherentes al accidente con una mirada completa a través de determinantes sociales de la salud...8AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Accidents/statistics & numerical data , Statistical Databases
4.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 26(spe): e20210422, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1372056

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre as características sociodemográficas e a adesão aos cuidados domésticos de casos suspeitos de Covid-19 em isolamento domiciliar. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico. A coleta de dados ocorreu em unidade mista de saúde do Ceará, com 50 participantes suspeitos de Covid-19. Aplicou-se formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica e de avaliação dos cuidados em relação ao isolamento domiciliar. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes Mann-Whitney e a razão de verossimilhança. Os princípios éticos das pesquisas com seres humanos foram seguidos. Resultados: A maioria dos homens (57,9%; p = 0,010) e das pessoas que conheciam alguém, pessoalmente, que teve/tem diagnóstico de Covid-19 (92,1%; p = 0,040) evitou aglomerações; 65,4% dos participantes com companheiro (a) descartaram o lixo adequadamente (p = 0,047); e 81,6% das pessoas com menor escolaridade aderiram à lavagem de roupas pessoais, de cama e toalhas com sabão comum e água (p = 0,043). Conclusão e implicações para a prática: As características sociodemográficas influenciaram a adesão a cuidados específicos, como evitamento de aglomerações, tratamento de lixo contaminado e lavagem de roupas pessoais, de cama e toalhas. Os cuidados domiciliares precisam ser mais enfatizados em consultas e pelos veículos de divulgação


Objective: To analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics and adherence to home care of suspected COVID-19 cases in home isolation. Method: This is a cross-sectional, analytical study, and data collection took place in a health unit in Ceará, with 50 suspected COVID-19 participants. A sociodemographic, clinical characterization, and care evaluation form regarding home isolation was applied. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney and likelihood ratio tests were used. The ethical principles of research with human beings were followed. Results: Most men (57.9%; p = 0.010) and people who personally knew someone diagnosed with COVID-19 (92.1%; p = 0.040) avoided crowded places, 65.4% of the participants with a partner discarded the garbage properly (p = 0.047), and 81.6% of people with less education adhered to washing personal clothes, bedding, and towels with common soap and water (p = 0.043). Conclusions and implications for practice: Sociodemographic characteristics influenced adherence to specific care, such as avoiding crowded places, treating contaminated waste, and washing personal clothes, bedding, and towels. Home care needs to be more emphasized in consultations and by means of dissemination


Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre características sociodemográficas y adhesión a la atención domiciliaria de casos sospechosos de Covid-19 en aislamiento domiciliario. Método: Estudio transversal, analítico. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en una unidad de salud mixta en Ceará, con 50 participantes sospechosos de Covid-19. Se aplicó una forma de caracterización y evaluación sociodemográfica y clínica de los cuidados en relación al aislamiento domiciliario. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron pruebas de Mann-Whitney y de razón de verosimilitud. Se siguieron los principios éticos de la investigación con seres humanos. Resultados: La mayoría de los hombres (57,9%; p=0,010) y las personas que conocían a alguien personalmente que tenía/tiene un diagnóstico de Covid-19 (92,1%; p=0,040) evitaron los clusters; el 65,4% de los participantes con pareja (a) descartó la basura correctamente (p=0,047); el 81,6% de las personas con menor nivel educativo se adhirió a lavar la ropa personal, la ropa de cama y las toallas con agua y jabón común (p=0,043). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: Las características sociodemográficas influyeron en la adhesión a cuidados específicos, como evitar aglomeraciones, tratar residuos contaminados y lavar ropa, sábanas y toallas personales. Es necesario hacer más hincapié en la atención domiciliaria en las consultas y mediante la difusión de información


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Patient Isolation , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , COVID-19/prevention & control
5.
Salud bienestar colect ; 5(3): 105-128, dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398553

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo persigue los siguientes objetivos: a) Problematizar el concepto de territorio en la pandemia de COVID-19 a partir de la perspectiva de la determinación social. b) Describir socio-históricamente el territorio de atención de la salud en México. c) Establecer líneas de análisis de las expresiones del territorio de atención de la salud en México de acuerdo a los niveles estructurales macro, d) meso y e) micro. Los efectos de la infección biológica de un virus tienen una determinación social que a su vez reconfiguran un territorio covid que resalta los efectos tardíos de las políticas estructurales neoliberales encrudeciendo las desigualdades e inequidades socio históricas. El macro territorio Covid es complejo en sus determinaciones, estructurado a partir de la trama de actores de la implementación de las políticas donde sería preciso indagar la relación entre política sanitaria y territorio refiriéndonos a la singularidad de lo "sectorial" y a sus diferencias con otras lógicas como la "territorial", a fin de conformar un territorio-salud considerando los nudos críticos de desigualdades estructurales.


This paper has the following objectives: a) Problematize the concept of territory in the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of social determination. b) Describe socio-historically the territory of health care in Mexico. c) Establish lines of analysis of the expressions of the territory of health care in Mexico according to the macro, d) meso and e) micro structural levels. The effects of the biological infection of a virus have a social determination that in turn reconfigures a COVID territory that highlights the late effects of neoliberal structural policies, starving socio-historical inequalities and inequities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pandemics , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/epidemiology , Social Environment , Social Identification , Epidemiologic Factors , Health Status Indicators , Cultural Characteristics , Health Planning/organization & administration , Mexico
6.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 20(1): e3203, ene.-feb. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1156693

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los determinantes sociales de la salud contribuyen a elevar la eficiencia y eficacia de los programas preventivos promocionales y disminuyen los riesgos que afronta la población en general. Objetivo: Describir los determinantes de la salud en niños menores de 5 años del Asentamiento Humano Nueva Esperanza Sector X- Piura, 2018. Material y Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa, diseño de una sola casilla. Instrumento de recolección de datos: cuestionario con una muestra de 183 sujetos. Resultados: El 59 por ciento de los niños son de sexo femenino con edades entre 1-4 años, 60,1 por ciento de las madres tienen secundaria completa/incompleta; 37,7 por ciento ganan menos de 750 soles, 57,4 por ciento realiza trabajo eventual, la mayoría tiene casa propia, abastecimiento de agua domiciliaria, piso loseta y cemento, baño propio y acude a un centro de salud, se baña diariamente, tiene carnet de vacunas completas y más de la mitad duermen de 8 a 10 horas. La mayoría de las familias no recibe apoyo organizado. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el nivel de instrucción de las madres es limitado y el nivel socioeconómico de las familias es bajo. Además, el apoyo social que poseen es de tipo natural a cargo de los familiares, lo cual se relaciona con su idiosincrasia; de esta manera no participan de programas sociales. Todo esto influye en la salud y estilos de vida en los niños(AU)


Introduction: The social determinants of health contribute to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of promotional preventive programs and reduce the risks faced by the general population. Objective: To describe the determinants of health in children under 5 years old of the Nueva Esperanza Human Settlement Sector X- Piura, 2018. Material and Methods: Descriptive, quantitative research, one-box design. Data collection instrument: questionnaire applied to a sample of 183 people. Results: The 59 percent of children are female with ages 1-4 years; 60,1 percent of mothers have complete / incomplete secondary education; 37,7 percent earn less than 750 soles; 57,4 percent have casual employments; most of them have their own houses with domestic water supply, tile and cement floors and their own bathrooms; they attend to a healthcare center; they take a daily bath, have complete vaccination cards and more than half of them sleep 8-10 hours. Most families do not receive organized support. Conclusions: It is concluded that the mothers' educational levels are limited and the socioeconomic level of families is low. In addition, they receive natural support from family members all of which is related to their idiosyncrasies; therefore, they do not participate in social programs. All this influences children´s health and lifestyles(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Preventive Health Services , Social Class , Family , Delivery of Health Care , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Peru , Domestic Water Consumption , Data Collection , Education, Primary and Secondary
7.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2021. 101 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1379680

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A tuberculose multidroga-resistente (TB-MDR) é um fenômeno grave em escala global, e muitos desafios são enfrentados no Brasil para a prevenção do surgimento de novos casos, e ainda garantir o sucesso de tratamento entre aqueles diagnosticados, e diante da pandemia da COVID-19 isso se tornou ainda mais complexo. Assim, o estudo objetivou compreender os determinantes da tuberculose multidroga-resistente segundo a percepção dos profissionais de saúde, que prestam cuidado direto a pacientes sob essa condição de saúde, e ainda os desafios e ou estratégias para adesão, considerando o contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 em município prioritário para o controle da doença no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, com recrutamento intencional, de quatorze profissionais de saúde, sendo quatro médicos, três enfermeiras, três técnicos de enfermagem, três auxiliares de enfermagem e uma assistente social, que estavam na linha de frente no cuidado aos pacientes com TB-MDR. Aplicou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas remotas com esses profissionais, orientadas por roteiro estruturado. Para a análise dos dados, aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo modalidade temática, de acordo com referencial teórico dos determinantes sociais da saúde. Resultados: Os profissionais referem como principal causa da TB-MDR, a adquirida, devido à situação de pobreza, desigualdade e privação social. Em relação à pandemia COVID-19, os profissionais revelaram interferência no acompanhamento/ seguimento dos pacientes, o que pode prejudicar na sua conclusão do tratamento e transmissão comunitária. Verificou-se ainda, cortes nos auxílios e ou benefícios sociais que cobriam os pacientes, recursos importantes para a equidade em saúde e adesão ao tratamento. Os profissionais relataram preocupações quanto ao adoecimento das pessoas, também por COVID-19, e assim vêm adotando estratégias para que isso não ocorra, com reforço à estratégia DOTS. Conclusão: O estudo avança no conhecimento ao evidenciar os desafios enfrentados pelo sistema de saúde para a adesão de pacientes com TB-MDR em um contexto agravado pela pandemia. As estratégias definidas por esses profissionais de saúde têm garantido o alcance da equidade e evitado o encontro catastrófico entre TB-MDR e COVID-19


Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious phenomenon on a global scale, and many challenges are faced in Brazil to prevent the emergence of new cases, and to ensure the success of treatment among those diagnosed, and in the face of pandemic of COVID-19, this has become even more complex. Thus, the study aimed to understand the determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis according to the perception of health professionals, who provide direct care to patients under this health condition, and also the challenges and / or strategies for adherence, considering the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in a priority municipality for disease control in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out, with intentional recruitment, of fourteen health professionals, four doctors, three nurses, three nursing technicians, three nursing assistants and a social worker, who were at the forefront in patient care with TB-MDR. Remote semi-structured interviews were applied with these professionals, guided by a structured script. For data analysis, thematic modality content analysis was applied, according to the theoretical framework of the social determinants of health. Results: Professionals refer to acquired as the main cause of MDR-TB, due to the situation of poverty, inequality and social deprivation. In relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, the professionals revealed interference in the follow-up / follow-up of patients, which can impair their conclusion of treatment and community transmission. There were also cuts in aid and / or social benefits that covered patients, important resources for equity in health and adherence to treatment. The professionals reported concerns about people's illness, also due to COVID-19, and so they have been adopting strategies so that this does not happen, reinforcing the DOTS strategy. Conclusion: The study advances in knowledge by highlighting the challenges faced by the health system for the adherence of patients with MDR-TB in a context aggravated by the pandemic. The strategies defined by these health professionals have ensured the achievement of equity and avoided the catastrophic encounter between TB-MDR and COVID-19


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Qualitative Research , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19
8.
Natal; s.n; 2021. 146 p. tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1552641

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se analisar a distribuição espacial, ocorrência de mortalidade e estádio clínico tumoral ao diagnóstico de câncer de pulmão e sua relação com fatores socioeconômicos e de oferta de serviços de saúde no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico e transversal. Os óbitos (CID-10:C33-34) foram coletados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade para o período de 2011 a 2015. Os dados individuais foram extraídos do Integrador dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer para o período de 2006 a 2015 e as variáveis contextuais foram coletadas no Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil, no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde e na Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Para análise da mortalidade e do diagnóstico avançado do câncer de pulmão, aplicou-se o teste de qui-quadrado e a regressão de poisson com variância robusta para um nível de confiança de 95%. A dependência espacial das taxas de mortalidade e da Proporção de Diagnóstico em Estádio Avançado (PDEA) foi verificada pelo índice de Moran global e o indicador local de associação espacial. O diagnóstico precoce foi analisado pelo teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão de Poisson multinível. A taxa média de mortalidade ajustada pela idade, entre 2011 e 2015, foi de 12,8 (DP 5,12) mortes por 100.000 habitantes. As altas taxas de mortalidade por câncer pulmonar estavam significativamente associadas com a densidade de médicos generalistas (RP 1,68; IC 95% 1,04- 2,72), estabelecimentos habilitados em oncologia (RP 1,49; IC 95% 1,01-2,20) e inversamente associadas a proporção de pessoas com baixa renda (RP 1,73; IC 95% 1,11-2,68) e, apresentaram autocorrelação espacial (Moran's I 0,50). O modelo espacial multivariado foi constituído pelas variáveis estabelecimentos habilitados em oncologia, renda e cobertura de planos de saúde. A PDEA foi de 85,28% (IC 95% 83,31-87,10), com baixa autocorrelação espacial (Moran's I 0,37), e correlação positiva com taxa de envelhecimento (Moran's I 0,10), renda (Moran's I 0,05) e negativa com Gini (Moran's I -0,15). De 2006 a 2015, 87,71% dos casos de câncer pulmonar foram diagnosticados em estádio avançado. A faixa etária de 50 a 59 anos (RP 1,04; IC 95% 1,03-1,05), sexo masculino (RP 1,02; IC 95% 1,01-1,03), raça/cor não branca (RP 1,02; IC 95% 1,01-1,03), ensino fundamental incompleto (RP 1,05; IC 95% 1,03- 1,08) e os tumores de células pequenas (RP 1,08; IC 95% 1,06-1,09) estiveram associados ao diagnóstico em estádio avançado. Na análise multinível, o estadiamento precoce esteve associado a fatores individuais e a menor densidade de estratégia saúde da família. Conclui-se que os contextos socioeconômico e de oferta de serviços de saúde são determinantes das desigualdades na distribuição das taxas de mortalidade por câncer de pulmão. Por outro lado, o estádio do câncer no diagnóstico está mais associado aos fatores individuais socioeconômicos e do próprio do tumor. Os resultados sinalizam a importância das medidas de prevenção primária, em especial o controle do tabagismo. Estratégias que reduzam as desigualdades sociais também devem ser reforçadas de modo que as condições socioeconômicas não potencializem as dificuldades relacionadas ao diagnóstico (AU).


The objective was to analyze the spatial distribution, occurrence of mortality and clinical tumor stage at the diagnosis of lung cancer and its relationship with socioeconomic factors and the provision of health services in Brazil. This is an ecological and cross-sectional study. Deaths (ICD-10: C33-34) were collected from the Mortality Information System for the period 2011- 2015. Individual data were extracted from the Hospital Cancer Records Integrator for the period 2006 to 2015 and contextual variables were collected from the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, the National Register of Health Establishments and the National Supplementary Health Agency. To analyze mortality and advanced diagnosis of lung cancer, we applied the chi-square test and poisson regression with robust variance for a 95% confidence level. The spatial dependence of mortality rates and the Proportion of Advanced Stage Diagnosis (PASD) was verified by the global Moran index and the local indicator of spatial association. Early diagnosis was analyzed by Pearson's chi-square test and multilevel Poisson regression. The average age-adjusted mortality rate between 2011 and 2015 was 12.8 (SD 5.12) deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. High mortality rates from lung cancer were significantly associated with the density of general practitioners (PR 1.68; 95% CI 1.04-2.72), establishments qualified in oncology (PR 1.49; 95% CI 1.01- 2.20) and inversely associated with the proportion of people with low income (PR 1.73; 95% CI 1.11-2.68) and presented spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I 0.50). The multivariate spatial model consisted of the variables Density of licensed oncology health facilities, income and coverage of health plans. PASD was 85.28% (95% CI 83.31-87.10), with low spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I 0.37), and positive correlation with aging rate (Moran's I 0,10; p = 0.02), income (Moran's I 0.05) and negative with Gini (Moran's I -0.15). From 2006 to 2015, 87.71% of lung cancer cases were diagnosed at an advanced stage. The age group from 50 to 59 years (PR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03-1.05), male sex (PR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03), race/color not white (PR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03), incomplete primary education (PR 1.05; 95% CI 1.03-1.08) and small cell tumors (PR 1.08 ; 95% CI 1.06-1.09) are associated with diagnosis at an advanced stage. In the multilevel analysis, early staging was associated with individual factors and a lower density of family health strategy. There was no association with socioeconomic contextual variables. It is concluded that socioeconomic contexts and the provision of health services are determinants of inequalities in the distribution of lung cancer mortality rates. On the other hand, the stage of cancer at diagnosis is more associated with individual socioeconomic and tumor factors. The results indicate the importance of primary prevention measures, especially tobacco control. Strategies that reduce social inequalities must also be reinforced so that socioeconomic conditions do not increase the difficulties related to diagnosis (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Early Diagnosis , Health Status Disparities , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasm Staging , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Mortality , Ecological Studies , Multilevel Analysis , Health Services
9.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 40(4): 185-190, dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145464

ABSTRACT

Esta revisión narrativa describe el daño colateral de la pandemia de COVID-19, tanto en aspectos de la salud, como también sociales, educativos o económicos. Comunicamos el impacto mundial y local. Consideramos que varias de estas consecuencias eran inevitables, especialmente las sucedidas durante los primeros meses de una pandemia que se difundió a gran velocidad y con graves consecuencias directas en la morbimortalidad de la población. Sin embargo, luego de seis meses de su llegada a la Argentina, es oportuno revaluar la situación y replantearse si no se debería cambiar el enfoque para balancear la minimización del impacto directo de COVID-19 junto con la del daño colateral que las medidas para paliarlo produjeron. Es un desafío que no debe limitarse al sistema de salud. Debe encararse con un abordaje intersectorial amplio y con participación activa de la sociedad. Así como aplanamos la curva de COVID-19, cuanto más nos demoremos en aplanar las otras curvas de problemas sanitarios y sociales que se están generando, mayor será su impacto, tanto en el corto como en el largo plazo. (AU)


This narrative review shows the collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic, whether in health, social, educational or economic aspects. We report on the impact at the global and local levels. Many of these consequences were inevitable, especially in the first months of a pandemic that spread at great speed and with serious direct consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population. However, six months after the arrival in our country, it is an opportunity to reassess the situation and rethink whether the approach should not be changed to balance the minimization of the direct impact of COVID-19 with that of the collateral damage that mitigation measures produced. This is a challenge that should not be limited to the health system. It must be addressed with a broad intersectoral approach and active participation of society. Just as we flatten the COVID-19 curve, the longer we delay in flattening the other curves of health and social problems that are being generated, the greater the impact, both in the short and long term. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/economics , Coronavirus Infections/economics , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Argentina , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/psychology , Quality of Life , Social Isolation , Social Problems/prevention & control , Social Problems/statistics & numerical data , National Health Strategies , Health Systems/trends , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Mortality , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/psychology , Impacts of Polution on Health/statistics & numerical data , Equity in Access to Health Services , Disasters Consequence Analysis , Health Communication/methods , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data
10.
Rev. salud pública ; Rev. salud pública;22(1): e201, ene.-feb. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1150164

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la relación de los determinantes sociales en salud con el perfil de funcionamiento de personas con discapacidad del municipio Los Patios, Norte de Santander. Método A una muestra de 246 personas con algún tipo de discapacidad del municipio Los Patios, Norte de Santander, bajo selección no probabilística intencionada, se administraron los instrumentos denominados Registro para la Localización y Caracterización de Personas con Discapacidad (RLPCD) y el del perfil de funcionamiento según la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF), para identificar los determinantes sociales de salud y el perfil de funcionamiento, y determinar su relación. Resultados La muestra se caracterizó por un mayor porcentaje de hombres con discapacidad (60,2%), en relación con las mujeres (39,8%), residentes en estratos socioeconómicos 1,2 y 3 y grupos etarios entre 5 y 93 años, con un alto porcentaje que no recibe algún tipo de ingreso (79,2%). Las principales discapacidades que presentaron fueron de movilidad y su grado de funcionamiento se ubicó entre no deficiencia y deficiencia moderada, con una relación de dependencia con los determinantes sociales de salud. Conclusiones El estudio muestra evidente relación entre los determinantes sociales y el perfil de funcionamiento de personas con discapacidad. Género, nivel de escolaridad, ingresos y estrato socioeconómico son elementos que determinan el grado de funcionalidad de individuos con discapacidad. Estos factores se deben considerar cuando se desarrollan políticas públicas orientadas al beneficio de este tipo de población; Tenerlos en cuenta podría garantizar el éxito en la aplicación de las políticas diseñadas.(AU)


ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the relationship between social factors in health with the functioning profile of people with disabilities in the municipality of Los Patios, Norte de Santander. Method A sample of 246 people with a type of disability in the municipality Los Patios, Norte de Santander, under intentional non-probabilistic selection, were studied using the Registry for the Location and Characterization of Persons with Disabilities (RLPCD) and the functioning profile of people with disabilities (CIF) to identify the social determinants of health and the functioning profile, and determine their relationship. Results The sample was characterized by a higher percentage of men with disabilities (60.2%), in relation to women (39.8%), members in socioeconomic strata 1, 2 and 3 and age groups between 5 and 93 years old, with a high percentage that does not receive any type of income (79.2%). The main disabilities identified were mobility and the degree of functioning located between no deficiency and moderate deficiency with a relationship of dependence with the social determinants of health. Conclusions The study shows an evident relationship between the social determinants and the functioning profile of people with disabilities. Gender, level of education, income and socioeconomic status are elements that determine the degree of functionality of people with disabilities. It is fundamental, in the development of public policies aimed at the well-being of this type of population, that these factors are considered to ensure success in the implementation of appropriate policies.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Statistics on Sequelae and Disability , International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health , Disability Evaluation , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Colombia
12.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;72(4): 1044-1051, Jul.-Aug. 2019. tab
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1020534

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between Social Determinants of Health and birth control methods used by women of childbearing age. Methods: Documentary and retrospective study, performed at a Brazilian Natural Birth Center with evaluation of the medical records of patients seen between 2003 and 2011 (n=2410). Data were collected on identification and general history, gynecological, sexual and obstetric. Results: Hormone birth control methods were the most used among participants (25.0%); followed by barrier methods (21.5%) and surgical methods (19.3%). Statistical associations were observed regarding age, menarche, onset of sexual activity, pregnancy, miscarriage, smoking, hypertension, marital status, gynecological care and schooling with the choice of methods. Conclusion: The results confirm the importance of studies involving Social Determinants of Health, since they interfere in the way women choose birth control methods and the risks that this choice may pose to their health.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud y el método anticonceptivo utilizado por mujeres en edad fértil. Métodos: Estudio documental y retrospectivo, realizado en un Centro de Parto Natural con evaluación de los prontuarios de pacientes atendidos entre 2003 y 2011 (n=2410). Se recogieron datos de identificación e histórico general, ginecológico, sexual y obstétrico. Resultados: Se destacaron los métodos hormonales como los más utilizados entre las participantes de la investigación (25,0%), seguido por los métodos de barrera (21,5%) y por los métodos quirúrgicos (19,3%). Se observaron asociaciones estadísticas sobre edad, menarquia, inicio de la vida sexual, embarazo, aborto, tabaquismo, hipertensión, estado civil, cuidado ginecológico y escolaridad con la elección de los métodos. Conclusión: Los resultados ratifican la importancia de estudios que involucran a los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud, Determinantes Sociales de la Salud que interfieren en la forma en que las mujeres escogen los métodos anticonceptivos y los riesgos que esa elección puede suponer para su salud.


RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde e o método contraceptivo utilizado por mulheres em idade fértil. Métodos: Estudo documental e retrospectivo, realizado em um Centro de Parto Natural com avaliação dos prontuários de pacientes atendidas entre 2003 e 2011 (n=2410). Foram coletados dados de identificação e histórico geral, ginecológico, sexual e obstétrico. Resultados: Destacaram-se os métodos hormonais como os mais utilizados entre as participantes da pesquisa (25,0%), seguido pelos métodos de barreira (21,5%) e pelos métodos cirúrgicos (19,3%). Foram observadas associações estatísticas acerca da idade, menarca, início da vida sexual, gravidez, aborto, tabagismo, hipertensão, estado civil, cuidado ginecológico e escolaridade com a escolha dos métodos. Conclusão: Os resultados ratificam a importância de estudos envolvendo os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde, visto que interferem na forma como as mulheres escolhem os métodos contraceptivos e os riscos que essa escolha pode representar para a sua saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Choice Behavior , Contraception Behavior/psychology , Contraceptive Agents/therapeutic use , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Birthing Centers/organization & administration , Birthing Centers/statistics & numerical data , Contraception Behavior/statistics & numerical data
13.
Santiago; s.n; UC; jul. 2019. 293 p. tab, graf, ilus, mapas.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1096384

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El embarazo constituye una ventana que determina la carga de enfermedad que sufrirán los individuos a lo largo de su vida. Una exposición a variables ambientales adecuada permite una evolución intrauterina balanceada que resulta primordial para el crecimiento del feto; la ruptura de dicho balance genera consecuencias en el binomio madre-hijo. Una complicación común que afecta del 2 al 10% de las embarazadas es la preeclampsia, siendo una de las principales causas de mortalidad materna, fetal y neonatal, especialmente en países de ingresos medios y bajos. En Latinoamérica y Chile no existen estudios disponibles que cuantifiquen o dimensionen esta patología en términos de incidencia, factores protectores o predisponentes; asimismo, se desconoce el rol que ejercen las variables ambientales sobre ella. Recientemente, se ha descrito que el medio ambiente tendría influencia en el embarazo, específicamente, el espacio verde actuaría de forma beneficiosa probablemente a través de la actividad física en el tiempo de ocio y bienestar. Así también, el efecto que la combustión residencial de leña posee sobre la gestación no ha sido clarificado. Esta tesis doctoral se inserta en la tendencia actual de investigación mundial que busca conocer el efecto de la exposición crónica a variables ambientales, tanto positivas como negativas, específicamente durante el embarazo, dada su importancia en la salud materna como en el desarrollo del niño. OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto de exposición crónica a variables ambientales espaciales (espacio verde y contaminación atmosférica) en el riesgo de preeclampsia, utilizando Temuco/Padre Las Casas como área de estudio. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte histórica de mujeres embarazadas de las comunas de Temuco y Padre Las Casas (Región de La Araucanía), cuyos partos fueron asistidos en el Hospital Regional de Temuco Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena durante los años 2009 a 2015. De la ficha clínica de las embarazadas se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos, de morbilidad y obstétricos. La variable resultado fue la preeclampsia, mientras que las de exposición fueron espacio verde y MP2,5 atribuido a emisiones de combustión por leña residencial. El espacio verde fue medido a través del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (IVDN), mediante escaneo multiespectral del mapeador temático de Landsat 5-8 con una resolución de 30 x 30 m, el cual fue obtenido desde la NASA. Para estimar la exposición a MP2,5, se utilizó un modelo de regresión por uso de suelo, el cual fue construido mediante una campaña de medición de MP2,5 en todo Temuco durante un año, de modo de incluir variabilidad espacial y temporal. Las variables predictoras del modelo fueron obtenidas a partir de bases de datos del Sistema Información Geográfica en Temuco, las que incluyeron uso de suelo, topografía de elevación de modelos digitales, densidad de población y hogares, y vías, incluyendo tipo de camino, longitud y distancia a los caminos, características del tráfico. El análisis estadístico consideró validación de datos, análisis univariado, análisis bivariado, cálculos para incidencia, análisis de datos perdidos y modelamiento. Para estimar el efecto de la exposición a espacio verde se construyeron modelos de regresión logística y para MP2,5 atribuido a leña modelos aditivos generalizados. RESULTADOS: La muestra quedó conformada por 15.516 nacimientos. La media de edad de las embarazadas fue de 25,7 años, siendo predominante el nivel de escolaridad secundario (47%). La prevalencia de desórdenes hipertensivos del embarazo fue de 10% y de preeclampsia de 3%. Ambas ciudades se caracterizaron por contar con escasa vegetación urbana, con valores bajos de verdor (mediana IVDN=0,30; Rango Intercuartílico (RIC)=0,30). La cohorte residía en lugares con menor verdor (mediana IVDN=0,25; RIC=0,11) que la ciudad, encontrándose los mayores valores del IVDN en residencias periurbanas. Con respecto a áreas verdes, se encontró un aumento en el riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia asociado a un aumento de NVDI en 300m (OR=1,20; IC 95% 1,05-1,37 para un aumento equivalente al RIC) y 500m (OR=1,23; IC 95% 1,07-1,41 para un RIC) alrededor del hogar de las participantes. Respecto a exposiciones a MP2,5, se observaron asociaciones en modelos lineales y modelos de umbral, teniendo este último un mejor desempeño. El modelo de umbral, encontró aumento del riesgo para preeclampsia de 17% (CI95% 1,01-1,36) y 11% (CI95%1,03-1,21) por cada 10 µg/m3 de aumento del contaminante por sobre un umbral de 100 µg/m3 para todo el embarazo y el segundo trimestre, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN. La presente tesis doctoral ha evidenciado asociaciones entre la exposición a factores ambientales y preeclampsia permitiendo contar con 14 evidencia para apoyar la toma de decisiones a nivel público, tanto a nivel internacional como nacional, ya que ha cuantificado el efecto que las variables ambientales ejercen sobre la salud de la embarazada y el feto. Los resultados constituyen un llamado a la acción en primer lugar para evaluar la presencia de riesgo para la salud en las áreas periurbanas de Temuco y Padre Las Casas y en caso de existir por ejemplo microbasurales, eliminarlos para contribuir a la mejora en la seguridad y calidad de vida de la población. Luego, como un punto de inicio para re-pensar intervenciones específicas basadas en los efectos en salud de la leña como combustible durante el embarazo, dado el impacto que las exposiciones en la vida intrauterina tienen en todo el curso de vida de la población


INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy constitutes a window that determines the burden of disease that individuals will suffer throughout their lives. An exposure to adequate environmental variables allows a balanced intrauterine evolution that is essential for the growth of the fetus; the breakdown of this balance generates consequences in the mother and his child. A common complication that affects 2 to 10% of pregnant women is preeclampsia, being one of the main causes of maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality, especially in middle and low income countries. In Latin America and Chile there are no studies available that quantify this syndrome in terms of his incidence, protective or predisposing factors; Likewise, the role of environmental variables on it is unknown. Recently, it has been described that the environment would have an influence on pregnancy, specifically, the green space would act beneficially probably through physical activity at leisure and well-being. Also, the effect that residential combustion of firewood has on pregnancy has not been clarified. This doctoral thesis is inserted in the current global research trend that seeks to know the effect of chronic exposure to environmental variables, both positive and negative, specifically during pregnancy, given its importance in maternal health and in the development of the child. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of chronic exposure to spatial environmental variables (green space and air pollution) on the risk of preeclampsia, using Temuco/Padre Las Casas as a study area. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of pregnant women from Temuco and Padre Las Casas (La Araucanía Region), whose deliveries were assisted at the Temuco Regional Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena during 2009 to 2015. From the clinical record of the pregnant women were obtained sociodemographic, morbidity and obstetric data. The outcome variable was preeclampsia, while the exposure variables were green space and PM2.5 attributed to emissions from residential wood-burning. The green space was measured through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), through multispectral scanning of the Landsat 5-8 thematic mapper with a resolution of 30 x 30 m, which was obtained from NASA. To estimate the exposure to PM2.5, a land use regression model was built with data from PM2.5 campaign measuring throughout Temuco for one year, to include spatial and temporal variability. The predictive variables of the model were obtained from databases of the Geographic Information System in Temuco, which included land use, elevation topography of digital models, population and household density, and roads, including road type, length and distance to roads, traffic characteristics. The statistical analysis considered data validation, univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, calculations for incidence, missing data analysis and modeling. To estimate the effect of exposure to green space, logistic regression models were developt and for PM2.5 attributed to wood burning generalized additive models. RESULTS: The sample was conformed of 15,516 births. The average age of the pregnant women was 25.7 years-old, the secondary level of education was predominant (47%). The prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 10% and preeclampsia was 3%. Both cities were characterized by low urban vegetation, with low green values (median NDVI=0.30; Interquartile Range (IQR)=0.30). The cohort used to live in places with less greenness (median NDVI=0.25; IQR=0.11) in the city; the women with the highest values of the NDVI lived in peri-urban areas. Regarding green spaces, there was an increased risk of preeclampsia associated with an increase in NVDI by 300m (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.05-1.37 for an increase equivalent to IQR) and 500m (OR=1.23; CI 95% 1.07-1.41 for a IQR) around the participants' residence. Regarding exposures to PM2.5, associations were observed in linear models and threshold models, the latter having a better performance. The threshold model found an increased risk for preeclampsia of 17% (CI95% 1.01-1.36) and 11% (CI95% 1.03-1.21) for every 10 µg/m3 increase of the pollutant over a threshold of 100 µg/m3 for the entire pregnancy and the second trimester, respectively. CONCLUSION: This doctoral thesis has shown associations between exposure to environmental factors and preeclampsia allowing evidence to support decision making at the public level, both internationally and nationally, since it has quantified the effect that environmental variables have on health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. The results constitute a call to action to evaluate the presence of health risk in the peri-urban areas of Temuco and Padre Las Casas and if any, for example, eliminate dumps to contribute to the improvement in safety and quality of population life. Then, as a starting point to rethink specific interventions based on the health effects of wood as a fuel during pregnancy, given the impact that exposures in intrauterine life have on the entire life course of the population


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology , Maternal Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Environment , Spatial Analysis , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Pre-Eclampsia/chemically induced , Socioeconomic Factors , Chile/epidemiology , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Cohort Studies , Air Pollution/adverse effects
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; Arq. neuropsiquiatr;77(5): 341-345, Jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011337

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the employment status of Brazilians with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Analysis of a cross-sectional online survey including questions on demographic and occupational status at the time of diagnosis and survey completion, and time from the first symptom to diagnosis. Results: Of those who answered the survey, 804 Brazilians with MS were included. Median age of onset and current age were 28.3 and 36.2 years; median time to diagnosis and disease duration were 2.7 and 7.9 years; 67% held a university degree and 29% finished high school; 94% had a paid occupation contributing to the family income at least once in their lives, 77% were employed at the time of diagnosis but only 59% were employed at the time of survey. Longer disease duration, longer time to diagnosis and younger age at the first symptom, were identified as factors correlated with being unemployed. Conclusions: The rate of unemployment doubled after the first symptoms of MS, and only 59% of highly-educated people with MS in their productive years were employed. The longer time to diagnosis may imply treatment delay, and strategies focusing on early diagnosis and adequate treatment may favor employment retention and reduce disability related costs, such as social benefits and pension fund use.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o estado de empregabilidade de uma amostra brasileira de pessoas com esclerose múltipla (EM). Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo informações demográficas e ocupacionais no momento do diagnóstico e atual, e o tempo do primeiro sintoma ao diagnóstico. Resultados: Foram incluídos 804 pacientes com EM, com mediana de idade de início dos sintomas e atual de 28,3 e 36,2 anos; tempo mediano para diagnóstico e duração da doença de 2,7 e 7,9 anos. Desta amostra, 67% possuíam diploma universitário e 29% terminaram o ensino médio. No total, 94% tiveram uma ocupação remunerada pelo menos uma vez na vida, 77% estavam empregados no diagnóstico, mas apenas 59% estavam empregados no momento da pesquisa. Maior duração de doença, maior tempo para o diagnóstico e menor idade no 1° sintoma foram os fatores relacionados ao desemprego. Conclusões: A taxa de desemprego dobra após os primeiros sintomas da EM, e apenas 59% das pessoas com alto nível educacional com EM em seus anos produtivos estão empregados. Maior tempo para o diagnóstico pode implicar atraso no tratamento, e estratégias com foco no diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado podem favorecer a retenção de emprego e reduzir os custos relacionados à doença, como benefícios sociais e uso de fundos de pensão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data , Age of Onset , Statistics, Nonparametric , Delayed Diagnosis , Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology
15.
An. bras. dermatol ; An. bras. dermatol;94(2): 182-191, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001144

ABSTRACT

Abstract BACKGROUND: Leprosy is a neglected disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Brazil has the second largest number of cases in the world. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the spatial distribution of leprosy in the state of BAHIA, Brazil, and the association between his occurrence and the synthetic indicators of municipal socioeconomic performance, social vulnerability and income inequality. METHODS: An ecological study with secondary data obtained from the National System of Notifiable Diseases. Dependent variables: coefficient of detection in the general population and in the population under 15 years old and the rate of grade II of physical disability. Independent variables: Synthetic indicators of socioeconomic performance, social vulnerability and income inequality. RESULTS: The highest coefficients of detection of new cases in the general population and in children under 15 years old are concentrated in the north-west axis and in the southern region of the state. On the other hand, the highest rates of degree II of physical incapacity are concentrated in the north, northeast and south regions. Only the Index of Social and Economic Performance(IPESE)-Economy and Finance composed the final regression model of the general detection coefficients and in children under 15 years old. The municipalities with the highest indexes had the highest detection coefficients, reflecting the capacity to diagnose new cases. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The use of synthetic indicators is a limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy presents a heterogeneous spatial pattern in the state of BAHIA, and the IPESE-Economics and Finance indicator is the only one with explanatory potential of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Socioeconomic Factors , Demography/methods , Endemic Diseases/statistics & numerical data , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Leprosy/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Status Indicators , Bayes Theorem , Cities/epidemiology , Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Spatial Analysis
16.
Rev. salud pública ; Rev. salud pública;21(1): 94-101, ene.-feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058872

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Este estudio se propuso cuantificar las desigualdades observadas en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en tres dimensiones relacionadas con el estado de salud de la población: mortalidad, fecundidad y estructura demográfica. Método Se realizó un estudio observacional, cuantitativo, de corte transversal a través de información proveniente de las Estadísticas vitales y el Censo Nacional de Población Hogares y Viviendas de 2010. Se calcularon indicadores para la medición de las dimensiones mencionadas anteriormente en tres áreas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Resultados Se observó un alto nivel de desigualdad en las dimensiones estudiadas. En relación a la zona más favorecida, la zona sur presentó una tasa de mortalidad ajustada superior en un 20%, una esperanza de vida de cuatro años menos, una tasa de fecundidad 50% más elevada y un nivel de envejecimiento cercano a los dos tercios del encontrado en el área más envejecida. Conclusión Los hallazgos empíricos reafirman la caracterización previa de la zona sur como área socio-económicamente segregada, con valores asociados a poblaciones con condiciones de vida deficientes. Por otra parte, se destaca que no se observaron desigualdades significativas entre las zonas norte y centro.(AU)


ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to quantify the inequalities observed in the autonomous city of Buenos Aires in three dimensions related to the health status of the population: mortality, fertility, and demographic structure. Materials and Methods An observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the Vital Statistics and the 2010 National Census of Population and Housing. Indicators were calculated to measure three areas of the dimensions mentioned above in the autonomous city of Buenos Aires (north, center, and south areas). Results A high level of inequality was observed in the dimensions studied. Compared to the best performing area, the southern zone had a 20% higher mortality rate, a four-year lower life expectancy, and a 50% higher fertility rate. Moreover, the study found that the level of aging in the southern zone was roughly two thirds of the most aged area. Conclusions The evidence reinforce the previous characterization of the southern area of Buenos Aires as socioeconomically segregated, with values similar to those of populations with inadequate living conditions. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between the northern and central areas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Status Disparities , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentation , Health Vulnerability
17.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2019. 146 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-998616

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A relação entre doenças crônicas e incapacidade está bem estabelecida, porém poucos estudos se propõem a analisar os efeitos independentes de fatores individuais e contextuais simultâneos e ocorrência de incapacidade em idosos. Objetivo: Analisar a associação dos fatores individuais e determinantes contextuais com incapacidade para atividades instrumentais e básicas em idosos brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, em que se utilizaram dados de 11.177 idosos participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013. A variável 'desfecho' foi a incapacidade, medida por meio de cinco atividades instrumentais (AIVD) e sete atividades básicas (ABVD). As exposições foram: sexo, escolaridade, características da rede social e do acesso aos serviços de saúde e indicadores contextuais (média do Produto Interno Bruto per capita entre 2002 e 2012 por Unidades da Federação , Índice de Gini de 2012 por UF e renda média domiciliar per capita de 2012 e Índice Sociodemográfico por UF de 2013). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e modelos de regressão logística múltipla e multiníveis, ajustado por fatores de confusão, considerando-se um índice de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de incapacidade para AIVD foi de 28,0%, e para ABVD, de 15,5% . As mulheres apresentaram maior chance de ter dificuldades em AIVD, mas não para ABVD. Quanto menor a escolaridade, maiores as chances de incapacidade. As mulheres que não vivem com o companheiro (ORajustada=1,89; IC95%: 1,50-2,37); que não participam de atividades sociais (ORajustada =1,88; IC95%: 1,48-2,39) e não desempenham qualquer trabalho voluntário (OR ajustada 1,81; IC95%: 1,16-2,82) ou remunerado (ORajustada =3,36; IC95%: 2,26-4,98) exibiram maiores chances de incapacidade em AIVD. Já entre homens, não praticar atividades sociais e não trabalhar remuneradamente se associaram à incapacidade em AIVD, depois de ajuste. A proporção de idosos com problemas para acessar os serviços de saúde foi de 4,7% (IC95%: 4,11-5,43), e, esses, estão mais propensos a incapacidades. A variância da chance de incapacidade em AIVD entre as UF foi de σu2 = 0,0485 (p<0,001) e, para ABVD, σu2 = 0,0363 (p<0,001). O Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Rondônia, Santa Catarina, o Distrito Federal, o Espírito Santo e o Rio de Janeiro apresentaram menor chance de ocorrência de incapacidade para AIVD. Já Sergipe, Amazonas, o Rio Grande do Norte, o Ceará, Alagoas e o Piauí apresentaram maiores chances de AIVD em idosos. Apenas Alagoas apresentou maiores chances de incapacidade para ABVD. O Índice Gini reduziu a variância das UFs do Brasil para a chance de incapacidade em AIVD em 80,3%. Para ABVD, o PIB per capita reduziu em 77,6%. Conclusão: O sexo feminino apresentou maiores chances de incapacidade em relação ao masculino, nos estágios iniciais do declínio funcional. A baixa escolaridade e a ausência de rede social associaram-se a incapacidades. Ter problemas para acessar os serviços de saúde pode ampliar as chances de incapacidade. Estados mais desiguais socioeconomicamente, como os da Região Norte e Nordeste, necessitam de melhorias nas políticas sociais e de saúde para promover um envelhecimento ativo e manter a funcionalidade dessas pessoas.(AU)


Introduction: The relation between chronic diseases and disability is well established, but few studies propose to analyse the independent effects of simultaneous individual and contextual factors and the occurrence of disability in the elderly population. Objective: To analyse the association of individual factors (gender, schooling, social networking and access to health services) and contextual determinants (socioeconomic indicators of the States of the Federation) with the inability to instrumental and basic activities in Brazilian elderly population. Methods: A cross-sectional study using data from 11,177 elderly participants of the National Health Survey (NHS) in 2013. The variable outcome was the disability, measured by five instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and seven basic activities (ADLs). The exposures were: sex, schooling, characteristics of the social network and access to health services and contextual indicators (average Gross Domestic Product per capita between 2002 and 2012 by States Unity (SU), Gini Index t of 2012 by SU and average per capita household income of 2012 and Sociodemographic Index by SU of 2013). Descriptive analyses and multiple and multilevel logistic regression models were performed, adjusted for confounding factors, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The prevalence of disability for IADL was 28.0% (95% CI: 26.7-29.4) and for ADL was 15.5% (95%CI: 14.4-16.6). Women were more likely to have difficulties with IADL, but not for ADL. The lower schooling, the greater the chances of disability. Women who do not live with their partner (OR = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.50-2.37); who do not participate in social activities (adjusted OR = 1.88,95%CI: 1.48-2.39) and do not perform any voluntary work (adjusted OR 1.81,95%CI: 1.16-2.82) or paid work (adjusted OR = 3.36,95% CI: 2.26-4.98) showed higher odds of disability in IADL. Among men, the ones that do not practice social activities and not working were associated with disability in IADL, after adjustment. The proportion of elderly people with problems to access health services was 4.72% (95% CI: 4.11-5.43) and those who are more prone to disability. The variance of the probability of disability in IADL among the SU was σu2 = 0.0485 (95%CI: 0.024-0.096; p <0.001) and, for ADL, σu2 = 0.0363 (95%CI: 0.015-0.087; p < 0.001). Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Rondônia, Santa Catarina, Federal District, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro had a lower chance of occurrence of disability to IADL. Sergipe, Amazonas, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Alagoas, and Piauí presented a higher chance for IADL in the elderly population. Only Alagoas had a greater chance of disability for ADL. The Gini Index reduced the variance of the SUs of Brazil to the probability of disability in IADL in 80.3%. For ADL, GDP per capita decreased by 77,6%. Conclusion: Female population are more likely to be incapacitated than males in the early stages of functional decline. Low schooling and lack of social network are associated with disabilities. Having problems accessing health services can increase the chances of disability. More socioeconomically unequal states such as those in the North and Northeast Region require improvements in social and health policies for the promotion of active aging and maintenance of functionality.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Frail Elderly/statistics & numerical data , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Health of the Elderly , Academic Dissertation , Social Networking
18.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; Rev. bras. epidemiol;22: e190032, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003485

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Introdução: Os determinantes sociais de saúde (DSS) podem influenciar na distribuição das taxas da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) de uma região. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar os DSS que se relacionam com a AIDS. Método: Estudo ecológico com técnicas de análise espacial. Analisaram-se 7.896 notificações dos casos da doença em um período de 11 anos, cujos indivíduos possuíam idade igual ou superior a 13 anos e eram residentes no Estado do Ceará, Região Nordeste do Brasil. A unidade de análise foi o município, calculando-se a taxa média de AIDS e a taxa média transformada de Freeman-Tukey para a suavização das medidas. Foi feita correlação espacial das taxas de detecção de AIDS com os determinantes sociais de saúde, utilizando-se o modelo de regressão linear simples. Empregaram-se os sistemas de informações geográficas (SIG) para manuseio dos dados georreferenciados. Resultados: Altas taxas de AIDS foram encontradas em municípios que apresentaram melhores condições de vida. Observou-se relação significativa entre cobertura da atenção primária em saúde e baixas taxas da doença no Ceará. Conclusão: Os indicadores socioeconômicos com correlação estatisticamente significativa com a distribuição da AIDS devem servir de base para políticas de combate à doença.


ABSTRACT: Introduction: The social determinants of health (SDH) are factors that can influence the distribution of rates for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a given region. The objective of this study was to analyze SDHs related to AIDS. Method: Ecological study, using spatial analyses techniques. 7,896 disease case reports were analyzed over a period of 11 years. Subjects were 13 years or older and residents of the state of Ceará, in the northeast of Brazil. The area of analysis was the municipality, calculating both the average rate of AIDS and the Freeman-Tukey transformed average rate for measuring softening. We used the Simple Linear Regression Model to make the spatial correlation between AIDS detection rates and SDH. A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to manipulate georeferenced data. Results: High rates of AIDS could be found in cities with better living conditions. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between primary health care coverage and lower rates of the disease in Ceará. Conclusion: Socioeconomic indicators with statistically significant correlation to the distribution of AIDS should be targeted by strategies policies in the fight against the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Linear Models , Family Characteristics , Multivariate Analysis , Spatial Analysis
19.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2019. 98 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1425252

ABSTRACT

A Hanseníase ainda é um problema para a saúde pública e um desafio para os países endêmicos, principalmente em regiões de fronteira, onde o fluxo migratório é intenso. O estudo tem como objetivo identificar as áreas de risco para a ocorrência da hanseníase e verificar sua relação com os determinantes sociais em Foz do Iguaçu-PR. Estudo ecológico que considerou os casos novos de hanseníase notificados no município de Foz do Iguaçu no período de 2003 a 2015 e as unidades de análise foram os setores censitários urbanos. Foi realizada análise descrita dos casos novos. Em sequência, para a identificação das áreas de risco para a ocorrência da hanseníase utilizou-se a Estatística de varredura espacial e espaçotemporal e para identificação das áreas de risco para incapacidades, recorreu-se a varredura espacial e ao Estimador de intensidade Kernel. A investigação da dependência espacial foi verificada através do Moran Global, Getis-Ord G e Gi*. O Índice de Moran Bivariado Global (IMBG), Regressão por Mínimo Quadrados (OLS) e Regressão Geograficamente Ponderada (GWR) foi utilizada para verificar a associação dos determinantes sociais e o risco de adoecimento por hanseníase. Foram notificados 840 casos, onde a taxa de detecção de casos novos em homens foi 25,6/100.000 hab. e 24,9/100.000 hab. para mulheres, houve predomínio da raça/cor amarela (78,6/100.000 hab.), faixa etária >=60 anos (71,5/100.000 hab.) e ensino fundamental incompleto (60/100.000 hab.). As áreas de risco para a hanseníase e incapacidade grau 2 se concentraram no Distrito Sanitário Sul, Leste, Norte e Nordeste do município; regiões estas, caracterizadas por alta densidade populacional e pobreza. Os determinantes sociais renda (IMBG: 0,1273; p=0,001), número de moradores (IMBG: 0,0703; p=0,008), domicílios sem saneamento básico (IMBG: 0,0743; p= 0,025), pessoas da raça/cor preta (IMBG: 0,0397; p= 0,04), parda (IMBG: 0,1017; p= 0,002) e indígena (IMBG: 0,0976; p= 0,005) apresentaram correlativa positiva com o risco de hanseníase. As análises de regressão revelaram que a proporção de domicílios com renda mensal domiciliar per capita maior de um salário mínimo (? = 0,025, p = 0,036) apresenta risco menor de adoecimento por hanseníase. Enquanto, as pessoas de raça/cor parda (? = -0,101, p = 0,024) apresentam maior risco de adoecimento por hanseníase. Os resultados do estudo apontam que existe associação entre os determinantes sociais e o risco de adoecimento por hanseníase no município investigado. O investimento em políticas públicas para melhoria de distribuição de renda pode favorecer a mudança deste quadro. Os achados podem contribuir para nortear ações em saúde que auxiliem no combate e controle da hanseníase nesta região de fronteira


Leprosy is still a public health problem and a challenge for endemic countries, especially in border regions where migration flows are intense. The study aims to identify the risk areas for the occurrence of leprosy and to verify its relation with the social determinants in Foz do Iguaçu-PR. An ecological study that considered the new cases of leprosy reported in Foz do Iguaçu from 2003 to 2015 and the units of analysis were the urban census sectors. A descriptive analysis of the new cases was performed in order to identify the risk areas for the occurrence of leprosy, the spatial and time-spacial scanning statistics were used and the spatial scan and Kernel intensity estimator were used to identify areas of risk for disabilities. The investigation of spatial dependence was verified through Global Moran, Getis-Ord G and Gi *. The Global Bivariate Moran Index (IMBG), Minimum Squares Regression (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) were used to verify the association of social determinants and the risk of illness due to leprosy. 840 cases were reported, where the detection rate of new cases in men was 25.6/100,000 inhabitants and 24.9/100,000 inhabitants for women, there was a predominance of yellow color / race (78.6/100,000 inhabitants), age group >=60 years (71.5/100,000 inhabitants) and incomplete elementary school (60/100,000 inhabitants). Areas at risk for leprosy and degree of disability 2 were concentrated in the South, East, North and Northeast Health District of the city; regions, characterized by high population density and poverty. The social determinants of income (IMBG: 0.1273, p = 0.001), number of residents (IMBG: 0.0703, p = 0.008), households without basic sanitation (IMBG: 0.0743, p = 0.025) (IMBG: 0.0976, p = 0.04), black color/race (IMBG: 0.1017, p = 0.002) and native color/race (IMBG: 0.0976; p = 0.005) presented a positive correlation with the risk of leprosy. The regression analysis revealed that the proportion of households with monthly household income per capita greater than a minimum wage (? = 0.025, p = 0.036) had the lowest risk of illness due to leprosy. While people of black race/color (? = -0.101, p = 0.024) are at higher risk of illness due to leprosy. The results of the study indicate that there is an association between the social determinants and the risk of illness due to leprosy in the city under investigation. The investment in public policies to improve income distribution can favor the change of this framework. The findings may contribute to health actions that help combat and control leprosy in this border region


Subject(s)
Humans , Geographical Localization of Risk , Spatial Analysis , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Leprosy
20.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;71(5): 2506-2510, Sep.-Oct. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-958696

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the health situation of the population in the Imbondeiro neighborhood, sector C (Luanda). Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. Families living in the sector were included, included in the sample by "door to door" contact. They accepted to participate through a free and consented form. Results: Health diagnosis of 341 family households was conducted, involving 1,312 people. A total of 46.02% are male and 54.08% are female; from these, 42.62% are children, 15.14% adolescents and 42.24% adults. Conclusion: The results obtained and presented are in accordance with the data from the National Institute of Statistics of Angola (INE), revealing that it is necessary to intervene and to promote healthy lifestyle habits, regarding issues such as domestic violence, alcohol consumption, inappropriate eating habits, sexually communicable diseases, among others.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar la situación de salud de la población del barrio Imbondeiro, sector C (Luanda). Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo. Se incluyeron las familias residentes en el sector, que aceptaron participar de forma libre, aclarada, a las cuales se tuvo acceso de modo accidental, por contacto «puerta a puerta¼. Resultados: Se realizó el diagnóstico de salud de 341 agregados familiares, lo que implicó a 1321 personas, de las cuales un 46,02 % del sexo masculino y un 54,08 % del sexo femenino. De estos, un 42,62 % son niños, un 15,14 % adolescentes y un 42,24 % adultos. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos y presentados están de acuerdo con los datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, lo que revela la necesidad de intervenir en la promoción de hábitos de vida saludables, en cuestiones como violencia doméstica, consumo de alcohol, hábitos alimentarios inadecuados, enfermedades sexualmente transmisibles, entre otros.


RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a situação de saúde da população do bairro do Imbondeiro, setor C (Luanda). Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Incluídas as famílias residentes no setor, que aceitaram participar de forma livre e esclarecida e acedidas de modo acidental, por contacto "porta a porta". Resultados: Fez-se o diagnóstico de saúde de 341 agregados familiares, envolvendo 1321 pessoas. 46,02% são do género masculino, 54,08% do género feminino; destes, 42,62% são crianças, 15,14% adolescentes e 42,24% adultos. A maioria das famílias é alargada. A alimentação engloba açúcares e hidratos de carbono. Existe consumo de álcool e violência. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos e apresentados vão de encontro aos do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), no que diz respeito às três faixas etárias estudadas e ao seu diagnóstico de situação de saúde, revelando ser necessário intervir na promoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis, em áreas como violência doméstica, consumo de álcool, hábitos alimentares, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, entre outras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Community Health Nursing/methods , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Community Health Nursing/trends , Community Participation/methods , Community Participation/trends , Social Determinants of Health/standards , Angola , Middle Aged
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