ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad aislada del seno esfenoidal es rara y representa el 1-2% de todas las patologías inflamatorias sinusales y < 0,05% de las lesiones malignas sinusales. Es difícil establecer el diagnóstico debido a la presentación clínica inespecífica. La cefalea frontal y/o retroocular es la principal manifestación. El retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento puede resultar en serias complicaciones debido a sus relaciones anatómicas. OBJETIVOS: Presentar nuestra experiencia en lesiones esfenoidales aisladas, analizando sintomatología, etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las mismas...
INTRODUCTION: Isolated sphenoid sinus disease is rare and accounts for1-2% of all inflammatory sinus pathologies and <0.05% of malignant sinus lesions. It is difficult to establish the diagnosis due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Frontal and/or retro-ocular headache is the main symptom. Delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in major complications due to their anatomical relationships. OBJECTIVE: Present our experience in isolated sphenoid injuries, through the analysis of symptomatology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of them...
INTRODUÇÃO: a doença isolada do seio esfenoidal é rara e representa entre 1% e 2% de todas as patologias inflamatórias sinusais e menos de 0,05% das lesões malignas sinusais. É difícil estabelecer o diagnóstico devido a apresentação clínica inespecífica. A cefaleia frontal e/ou retro-ocular é a principal manifestação. O atraso no diagnóstico e no tratamento pode causar complicações sérias devido à suas relações anatômicas. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar nossa experiência em lesões esfenoidais isoladas, analisando a sintomatologia, etiologia, diagnostico e o tratamento...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Sphenoid Sinus , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/etiology , Signs and SymptomsABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: When an expanded endonasal transsphenoidal surgical approach is performed, intrasphenoid septations must be completely resected. If these structures are close to the internal carotid artery (ICA), then their manipulation might cause vascular injury. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of intrasphenoid septations in the internal carotid artery protuberance (ICAp). Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 421 patients were analysed. Intrasphenoid septations (classified as intersphenoid or accessory) and their relationship to the ICAp were described. Additionally, a sphenoid sinus classification was performed based on their degree of pneumatisation to determine whether a difference exists in the frequency of intrasphenoid septations inserted into ICAp with regard to sinus type. Results: The patient mean age was 39 ± 21.4 years. Overall, 219 patients (52%) had septations in the ICAp; 359 patients (85.3%) had intersphenoid septations; of the latter, 135 (37.6%) had septations in the ICAp. This frequency was higher among patients with sphenoid sinus type 4 or 5 (44.7% and 43.5%, respectively). Accessory septations were found in 255 patients (60.6%); 140 of these septations (54.9%) were in the ICAp. Among 351 patients with types 3, 4 or 5 sphenoid sinuses (i.e., only well-pneumatised sphenoid sinuses), 219 (62.4%) had septations in the ICAp. These frequencies are higher than those reported in most previous studies. Conclusion: The frequency of intrasphenoid septations in the ICAp found is considerable. It is higher among patients with more pneumatised sinuses. This finding justifies an appropriate pre-operative study, and careful attention must be paid during transsphenoidal surgery.
Resumo Introdução: Quando uma abordagem cirúrgica transesfenoidal endonasal ampliada é feita, septações intraesfenoidais devem ser completamente ressecadas. Se essas estruturas estiverem próximas à artéria carótida interna (ACI), a manipulação pode causar lesão vascular. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a frequência de septações intraesfenoidais na protuberância da artéria carótida interna (pACI). Método: Exames de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de 421 pacientes foram analisados. As septações intraesfenoidais (classificadas como interesfenoidais ou acessórias) e sua relação com a pACI foram descritas. Além disso, uma classificação do seio esfenoidal foi feita com base no seu grau de pneumatização para determinar se existe uma diferença na frequência de septações intraesfenoidais inseridas em pACI em relação ao tipo de seio. Resultados: Pacientes com idade média de 39 ± 21,4 anos foram incluídos. No geral, 219 pacientes (52%) apresentavam septações na pACI; 359 (85,3%) septações interesfenoidais; 135 (37,6%) septações na pACI. Essa frequência foi maior entre os pacientes com seio esfenoidal tipo 4 ou 5 (44,7 e 43,5%, respectivamente). As septações acessórias foram encontradas em 255 doentes (60,6%); 140 dessas septações (54,9%) estavam na pACI. Entre 351 pacientes com seios esfenoidais tipos 3, 4 ou 5 (isto é, apenas seios esfenoidais bem pneumatizados), 219 (62,4%) tinham septações na pACI. Essas frequências são superiores às relatadas na maioria dos estudos. Conclusão: A frequência de septações intraesfenoidais na pACI encontrada é considerável, é maior entre pacientes com seios mais pneumatizados. Esse achado justifica um estudo pré-operatório adequado e uma atenção especial deve ser dada durante a cirurgia transesfenoidal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Paranasal Sinuses/surgery , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery, Internal/anatomy & histology , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Sinus/anatomy & histology , Carotid Artery, Internal/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Introducción: La cirugía endoscópica transesfenoidal en la exéresis de patología hipofisaria ha sido ratificada dentro de la mejores opciones para conseguir abordajes exitosos. Para cerrar la brecha ósea, se puede utilizar el colgajo nasoseptal, el cual lograría un cierre adecuado y seguro, evitando complicaciones como persistencia de fístulas de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Dentro de los probables efectos secundarios de este colgajo se señala la presencia de anosmia o hiposmia. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es mostrar los resultados obtenidos empleando la técnica del colgajo nasoseptal y la evaluación del olfato posoperatorio. Material y método: Incluimos 14 pacientes con diagnóstico de adenoma hipofisiario intervenidos en nuestro servicio entre diciembre 2014 a diciembre 2015. Se evaluaron diversos parámetros entre otros, olfatometría pre y posoperatorias. A todos se les realizó la técnica endoscópica transesfenoidal. Efectuando la disección del colgajo con la técnica tipo Hadad. La exéresis tumoral fue realizada por neurocirujano, se cubrió la osteotomía con este colgajo. Resultados: De los 14 pacientes, 13 llegaron al estado olfativo preoperatorio. 1 paciente se mantuvo hipósmico mantenidamente. En nuestro estudio, no hemos encontrado deterioro significativo en la calidad del sentido del olfato. Así como tampoco observamos otras complicaciones. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia aún inicial, estimamos que podría ya esbozar una tendencia de mantención de la función olfativa en este tipo de cirugía.
Introduction: Transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery resection of pituitary pathology has been ratified within the best options for successful approaches. To close the gap bone, you can use the nasoseptal flap, which achieved an adequate and secure closure, preventing complications such as persistent cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Among possible side effects of this flap anosmia-hyposmia noted. Aim: Our goal is to show the results obtained using the technique of nasoseptal flap and postoperative evaluation of smell. Material and method: We included 14 patients with a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma surgery in our department between December 2014 to December 2015. Various parameters were evaluated pre and post operative, specially olfactory function. All underwent transsphenoidal endoscopic technique. Performing dissection flap with the technical type Hadad. The tumor resection was performed by neurosurgeon, osteotomy covered with this flap. Results: Of the 14 patients, 13 reached the olfactory preoperative state. 1 patient remained with hyposmia. In our study, we found no significant deterioration in the quality of the sense of smell. Not other complications were found. Conclusions: This is an initial experience, and we estimate that could outline a trend of maintaining olfactory function in this surgery approach.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Adenoma/surgery , Endoscopy/methods , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Adenoma/physiopathology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Nasal Septum/blood supply , Pituitary Neoplasms/physiopathology , Smell/physiology , Surgical Flaps , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Las fístulas de líquido cefalorraquídeo (FLCR) nasales se producen por la comunicación entre el espacio subaracnoídeo y el tracto aerodigestivo. Pueden ser adquiridas (secundarias a trauma o iatrogenia) o espontáneas. Éstas últimas pueden ser de origen congénito, tumoral o idiopáticas. El canal lateral craneofaríngeo o de Sternberg se produce por la falta de fusión de los puntos de osificación del seno esfenoidal durante el período embrionario. Esta región, ubicada posterolateral a la pared inferior del seno esfenoidal, queda cubierta solamente por tejido conectivo, siendo la zona de menor resistencia de la base de cráneo. La persistencia de este canal puede causar FLCR, especialmente cuando se asocia a elevación de la presión intracraneana y extensa neumatización. La cirugía endoscópica nasal es la técnica de elección para la resolución de estos casos. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de la técnica quirúrgica endoscópica nasal para la resolución quirúrgica de encefaloceles secundarios a persistencia del canal de Sternberg, en base a dos casos clínicos que fueron sometidos a cirugía endoscópica nasal.
Nasal cerebrospinal fluid leaks are caused by a nasal communication between the subarachnoid space and the aerodigestive tract. They may be acquired (secondary to trauma or iatrogenic) or spontaneous. The latter can be congenital, tumoral or idiopathic. The lateral craniopharyngeal canal or Sternberg canal is caused by the lack of fusion of the points of ossification of the sphenoid sinus during the embryonic period. This region, located posterolateral to the bottom wall of the sphenoid sinus, is covered only by connective tissue, being the area of least resistance of the skull base. The persistence of this canal can cause cerebrospinal fluid leaks, especially when associated with elevated intracranial pressure and extensive pneumatization. Nasal endoscopic surgery is the technique of choice for solving these cases. This article is a review of the endoscopic surgical technique of encephaloceles secondary to persistence of Sternberg canal, based on two clinical cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Encephalocele/surgery , Encephalocele/etiology , Endoscopy , Sphenoid Sinus/abnormalities , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/surgery , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/etiologyABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Pituitary macroadenomas are rare intracranial tumors. In a few cases, they may present aggressive behavior and invade the sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity, causing unusual symptoms. In this paper, we report an atypical case of pituitary adenoma presenting as a nasal mass. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 44-year-old woman who had had amenorrhea and galactorrhea for ten months, with associated nasal obstruction, macroglossia and acromegaly. Both growth hormone and prolactin levels were increased. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass originating from the lower surface of the pituitary gland, associated with sella turcica erosion and tumor extension through the sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a chromophobe pituitary adenoma with densely packed rounded epithelial cells, with some atypias and rare mitotic figures. There was no evidence of metastases. CONCLUSION: Macroadenoma invading the nasal cavity is a rare condition and few similar cases have been reported in the literature. This study contributes towards showing that tumor extension to the sphenoid sinus and nasopharynx needs to be considered and investigated in order to make an early diagnosis when atypical symptoms like nasal obstruction are present. .
CONTEXTO: Macroadenomas hipofisários são tumores intracraniais raros. Em alguns casos, podem apresentar comportamento agressivo e invadir o seio esfenoidal e a cavidade nasal, causando sintomas não usuais. Neste relato de caso, descrevemos um caso atípico de adenoma hipofisário manifestando-se como uma massa nasal. RELATO DE CASO: A paciente de 44 anos, do sexo feminino, apresentava amenorreia e galactorreia por 10 meses associando-se a obstrução nasal, macroglossia e acromegalia. Os níveis do hormônio de crescimento e de prolactina apresentaram-se aumentados. Ressonância magnética mostrou uma grande massa originada da superfície inferior da glândula hipofisária associada com erosão da sela túrcica e extensão do tumor através do seio esfenoidal e cavidade nasal. Análise histopatológica demonstrou adenoma hipofisário cromófobo com células epiteliais arrendondadas densamente agrupadas com algumas atipias e escassas figuras de mitose. Não houve evidências de metástase. CONCLUSÃO: O macroadenoma invasivo para a cavidade nasal é uma condição rara e há poucos relatos similares descritos na literatura. Este trabalho contribui para mostrar que, na presença de sintomas atípicos como a obstrução nasal, a extensão para o seio esfenoidal e para a nasofaringe deve ser considerada e investigada para um diagnóstico precoce. .
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Adenoma/pathology , Nasal Cavity/pathology , Nose Neoplasms/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology , Pituitary Neoplasms/pathology , Sphenoid Sinus/pathology , Adenoma/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Human Growth Hormone/blood , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Nasal Obstruction/etiology , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Nose Neoplasms/surgery , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/surgery , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/surgeryABSTRACT
To describe a series of 129 consecutive patients submitted to the resection of pituitary tumors using the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach in a public medical center. Method: Retrospective analysis based on the records of patients submitted to the resection of a pituitary tumor through the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach between 2004 and 2009. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine records were analyzed. The tumor was non-secreting in 96 (74.42%) and secreting in 33 patients (22.58%). Out of the secretory tumors, the most prevalent was the growth hormone producer (7.65%), followed by the prolactinoma, (6.98%). Eleven patients developed cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) fistulas, and four of them developed meningitis. One patient died due to intracerebral hemorrhage in the postoperative period. Conclusion: The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to sellar tumors proved to be safe when the majority of the tumors were non-secreting. The most frequent complication was CSF. This technique can be done even in a public hospital with financial limits, since the health professionals are integrated. .
Descrever uma série de 129 pacientes submetidos à ressecção de tumor de hipófise com acesso endoscópico transesfenoidal em um serviço de público referência em Belo Horizonte. Método: Análise retrospectiva realizada por análise dos prontuários de pacientes submetidos à ressecção de tumor de hipófise com acesso endoscópico transesfenoidal entre os anos 2004 e 2009. Resultados: Foram avaliados 129 prontuários. O tumor era não secretante em 96 (74,42%) e secretante em 33 pacientes (22,58%). Dos tumores secretores, o de maior prevalência foi o produtor de hormônio do crescimento: 15 pacientes (7,65%). Onze pacientes desenvolveram fístula liquórica. Um paciente faleceu devido hemorragia intracerebral no pós-operatório. Conclusão: O acesso endoscópico transfenoidal aos tumores selares mostrou-se seguro numa população em que a maioria dos tumores era não secretante. A principal complicação encontrada foi fístula liquórica. Esta técnica é passível de utilização em hospital público mesmo com limites financeiros desde que haja integração multiprofissional. .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adenoma/surgery , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Adenoma , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism , Growth Hormone/metabolism , Pituitary Neoplasms , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Thyrotropin/metabolismABSTRACT
This study was performed to determine the efficacy of Mitomycin C on synechia after FESS in ethmoid sinuses in patients admitted in Imam-Khomeini Hospital in 2011 and 2012. In this interventional study, 30 patients with pan rhinosinusitis attending to Imam-Khomeini Hospital in 2011 and 2012 were enrolled and in one side after FESS, the mitomycin C and in the other side the normal saline was used and then the synechia frequency and severity and side effects were compared in one and six months between two sides. One month after operation, six [85.7%] patients in Mitomycin C and six [66.7%] patients of normal saline group had mild synechia and one [14.3%] patient in Mitomycin C and three [33.3%] patients in normal saline group had complete synechia. Six months after operation, eight [88.9%] patients in Mitomycin C and six [66.7%] patients of normal saline group had mild synechia and one [11.1%] patient in Mitomycin C and four [40%] patients in normal saline group had complete synechia. The frequency and severity of synechia after FESS and the adverse effects were not significantly differed between two sides in one and six months after surgery. Totally, based on the results of this study and comparison with other studies it may be concluded that Mitomycin C would have no statistically significant effect on prevention from postoperative synechia and reduction of its severity after FESS surgeries
Subject(s)
Humans , Tissue Adhesions/prevention & control , Ethmoid Sinus/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , EndoscopyABSTRACT
Lesiones accidentales de la arteria carótida son complicaciones poco frecuentes de diversos procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Representan una condición grave y potencialmente mortal si el tratamiento no se realiza adecuadamente. Un paciente de sexo femenino, 45 años de edad, que ingresó en el servicio de Otorrinolaringología con queja de la disminución de la agudeza auditiva y acúfenos en el oído izquierdo. La resonancia magnética encefálica mostro una formación expansiva / infiltrativa a comprometer desde la nasofaringe izquierda hasta la base del cráneo, con la participación de la arteria carótida interna (ACI) en el mismo lado en su segmento petroso. Durante el procedimiento de biopsia, se produjo una laceración en la carótida derecha intracavernosa con sangrado abundante. Se realizó un taponamiento local y el paciente fue remitido a la angiografía cerebral que mostró un seudoaneurisma en la arteria carótida interna derecha en su segmento cavernoso. Después de una prueba de oclusión, la ACI derecha fue ocluida por 2 globos. Tres semanas después, el estado del paciente mostró empeoramiento progresivo de la agudeza visual, proptosis ocular, hiperemia conjuntival y la restricción del movimiento ocular en el ojo derecho. Una nueva angiografía fue realizada y mostró la persistencia de la oclusión de la ACI en su origen y un seudoaneurisma asociado con fístula carótido-cavernosa derecha, que se opacificado después de la inyección de contraste en la ACI izquierda, a través de la arteria comunicante anterior. El paciente fue sometido a un nuevo tratamiento endovascular con resolución de la lesión. Laceración de ACI durante la cirugía transesfenoidal es una complicación rara y potencialmente fatal. La prevención es el mejor tratamiento para cualquier lesión accidental. La utilización de técnicas endovasculares ha permitido para el tratamiento satisfactorio de esta condición.
Accidental carotid artery lesions are uncommon complications from diverse diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. It represents a grave and potentially lethal condition if treatment is not adequately performed. A female patient, 45 years old, who was admitted to the Otolaryngology service complaining of diminished auditory acuity and tinnitus in the left ear. The encephalic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an expansive/infiltrative formation compromising the left nasopharynx to the skull base, involving the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) in its petrous segment. During the biopsy procedure, there was a right intracavernous ICA laceration with copious bleeding. A local tamponade was performed and the patient was referred to cerebral angiography (CAG), which showed a right ICA pseudoaneurysm in its intracavernous segment. After a balloon occlusion test, the right ICA was occluded by 2 balloons. Three weeks after, the patients condition showed progressive worsening of visual acuity, occular proptosis, conjuctival hyperemia and occular movement restriction in the right eye. A new CAG was performed and showed persistence in the right ICA occlusion in its origin and an intracavernous pseudoaneurysm associated with ipsilateral carotidcavernous fistula, which became opacified after contrast injection in left ICA, through the anterior communicating artery. The patient was submitted to a new endovascular treatment with lesion resolution. ICA laceration during transsphenoidal surgery is a rare and potentially fatal complication. The prevention is the best treatment for any accidental lesion. Utilization of endovascular techniques has allowed for satisfactory treatment of this condition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula , Carotid Artery Injuries/complications , Carotid Artery Injuries/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Injuries/mortality , Carotid Artery Injuries/therapy , Skull Base Neoplasms/complications , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
CSF rhinorrhoea poses a significant challenge even to most astute and experienced surgeons in its accurate localization and management. The diagnosis of CSF leak is ascertained on proper history, neurologic and otorhinolaryngologic examination, laboratory tests and endoscopic findings supplanted by appropriate radiologic studies. The exact visualization and atraumatic surgical technique using endoscope provides better lighting with magnified view, even in lateral recesses giving an edge over other techniques, thus enhancing the surgical outcome.
Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/diagnostic imaging , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/surgery , Child , Female , Humans , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Neuroendoscopy/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Sphenoid Sinus/surgeryABSTRACT
The productive work between otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons has resulted in the emergence of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. The goal of the present study is to describe the endoscopic anatomy of the endonasal approach to the sellar region and planum sphenoidale, highlighting the key points of the surgical approach and the neurovascular landmarks. METHOD: Descriptive study of the endoscopic endonasal dissection of 9 fresh cadavers with exposure of the anatomic structures. RESULTS: The endoscopic endonasal ethmoidectomy and sphenoidotomy allows an expanded access to the sellar area and planum sphenoidale. The surface anatomy of the sphenoid sinus is easily identifiable and provides safe landmarks, guiding the intracranial dissection. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic endonasal approach to the skull base by the ENT and neurosurgeon is feasible, but it requires adequate anatomical knowledge and endoscopic skills for its realization, which can be obtained by practicing in cadavers.
O trabalho cooperativo entre otorrinolaringologistas e neurocirurgiões resultou no aprimoramento das técnicas cirúrgicas e no surgimento da cirurgia endoscópica endonasal da base do crânio. O estudo tem como objetivo descrever a anatomia endoscópica do acesso endonasal da região selar e plano esfenoidal, destacando os pontos fundamentais do acesso cirúrgico e referências neuro-vasculares. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo da dissecção endoscópica endonasal de 9 cadáveres frescos com exposição das estruturas anatômicas. RESULTADOS: A etmoidectomia e esfenoidotomia endonasal endoscópica permite um acesso estendido à região selar e plano esfenoidal. A anatomia de superfície do seio esfenoidal é facilmente identificada e fornece pontos de referência seguros, guiando a dissecção intracraniana. CONCLUSÃO: O acesso endoscópico endonasal para a base do crânio pelo otorrinolaringologista e neurocirurgião é perfeitamente viável, mas para isso o conhecimento anatômico da região e de seus pontos de referência é essencial, o que pode ser obtido pelo treinamento em cadáveres.
Subject(s)
Humans , Endoscopy/methods , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Cadaver , Dissection , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology , Sella Turcica , Sphenoid Sinus/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
El tratamiento de las lesiones de la región selar requiere un equipo multidisciplinario. La evaluación y seguimiento endocrinológico, neurooftalmológico y neuroradiológico, así como el desarrollo de la técnica quirúrgica, el diagnóstico histopatológico y a decisión sobre el tratamiento complementario apuntan a un manejo más integral de esta patología con el objetivo de lograr mejores resultados. Debido a la baja morbi-mortalidad del acceso transesfenoidal, la gran mayoría de las cirugías de la región selar se realizan con este acceso. Este estudio analiza retrospectivamente 50 cirugías transesfenoidales consecutivas realizadas por el autor, incluyendo la clínica, evaluación preoperatoria, algunos aspectos técnicos quirúrgicos, diagnóstico anátomopatológico, así como resultado y seguimiento postoperatorio en las diferentes patologías, con especial énfasis en aspectos como residuo tumoral, resultados endocrinológicos, neurooftalmológicos y complicaciones quirúrgicas. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente y se compararon con los de la literatura.
The treatment of sellar region lesions requires a multidisciplinary approach. The endocrinologic, neuro-ophthalmologic and neuroradiologic evaluation and follow-up, as well as the development of the surgical technique, the histopathologic findings and the decision about complementary therapy aim to a more comprehensive treatment of these pathologies in order to achieve better outcome. Due to the low morbimortality risk of transsphenoidal approach, most of the surgeries of the sellar region are performed by way of this route. This study analyses retrospectively 50 consecutive transsphenoidal surgeries performed by the author, including clinical picture, preoperative evaluation, some issues regarding surgical technique, histopathological diagnosis, as well as results and follow-up in different diseases with special emphasis in residual tumor, endocrinologic and neuro-ophthalmologic outcome, and surgical complications. Results were statistically analyzed and compared to the literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Adenoma , Pituitary Gland/surgery , Pituitary Gland/pathology , Pituitary Neoplasms , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Transsphenoidal surgery is the most commonly used surgical procedure to handle the hypophyseal region, sometimes associated with oronasal complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS/AIM: To evaluate prospectively (specific questionnaire, clinical evaluation) undiagnosed chronic oronasal complications in patients submitted to conventional transsphenoidal adenomectomy surgery, operated at different neurosurgery services more than 6 months ago. RESULTS: 49 patients were evaluated, 37/45 presented macroadenoma. 28,5 percent were submitted to more than one intervention, 2/5 transsphenoidally. Transsphenoidal approach 92.8 percent through sublabial route. No patient had spontaneous complaint. With the specific questionnaire 63.2 percent presented complaints. One patient presented an oronasal fistula, 1 stenosis of the nasal valve area with external nasal deformity. Rhinoscopy detected alterations in 77.5 percent, nasal endoscopy in 87.7 percent. Septal perforation was present in 10/12 patients with scabs and 2 with purulent secretion. All 4 patients submitted to 2 transsphenoidal approaches presented septal perforation and nasal synechiae. In the endonasal, synechiae (2), alteration in medium meatus (1) and stenosis of the nasal valve area (1) were observed. Only two patients presented normal evaluation. CONCLUSION: A high incidence of nasal complications after conventional transsphenoidal surgery observed through examination and not reported spontaneously point to the need of otorhinolaryngological investigation complemented by nasal endoscopy in patients submitted to procedures through this route.
A cirurgia transesfenoidal é o procedimento cirúrgico mais utilizado para abordagem da região hipofisária, sendo por vezes associada a complicações oronasais. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS/OBJETIVO: Estudo prospectivo, através de questionário específico e avaliação clínica complicações oronasais crônicas não-diagnosticadas, em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia transesfenoidal convencional em diferentes serviços de neurocirurgia há mais de 6 meses. RESULTADOS: 49 pacientes, 37/45 com macroadenoma. 14/49 submetidos a mais de uma intervenção, em 2/5 por via transesfenoidal. Abordagem transesfenoidal 92,8 por cento via sublabial. Nenhum apresentava queixa espontânea. Com o questionário específico, 63,2 por cento apresentaram queixas. Um apresentava fístula oronasal, outro, estenose da área de válvula nasal com deformidade nasal externa. A rinoscopia detectou alterações em 77,5 por cento e a endoscopia nasal em 87,7 por cento. Perfuração septal presente em 10/12 pacientes com crostas e 2 com secreção purulenta. Todos 4 pacientes submetidos a 2 abordagens transesfenoidais apresentaram perfuração do septo e sinéquias nasais. Nos casos com abordagem endonasal observaram-se sinéquias2, alteração em meato médio1 e estenose em área de válvula nasal1. Apenas 2 pacientes apresentaram avaliação normal. CONCLUSÃO: Alta incidência de complicações nasais após abordagem transesfenoidal convencional, observadas (exame) e não referidas espontaneamente indicam a necessidad de investigação otorrinolaringológica complementada com endoscopia nasal sistemática nestes pacientes.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Endoscopy/adverse effects , Hypophysectomy/adverse effects , Nose Diseases/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Chronic Disease , Endoscopy/methods , Hypophysectomy/methods , Nose Diseases/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Abducens Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/diagnosis , Sphenoid Sinus/microbiology , Abducens Nerve Diseases/surgery , Aspergillosis/microbiology , Aspergillosis/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Endoscopy , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/microbiology , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/pathology , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A 47-year-old man presented with history of recurrent complex partial seizures of 10 years duration with normal clinical findings. Imaging showed a suspected destructive mass lesion in the sphenoid sinus with widespread erosion of the surrounding bone including the temporal base. Transnasal endoscopic sphenoidotomy showed an encephalocele mass, a rare variant of basal encephalocele. Unusual presentation of an encephalocele as a seizure disorder is described
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Encephalocele/diagnosis , Endoscopy , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/etiology , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare vascular neoplasm occurring almost exclusively in adolescent males. Although benign, it is often locally aggressive and can erode into surrounding tissues and structures resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In 20% of cases, there is intracranial extension. In this paper, we report on the total excision of a large, recurrent JNA with intracranial extension into the middle cranial fossa encroaching into the cavernous sinus, by right temporal craniotomy and extended osteoplastic maxillotomy.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Angiofibroma/surgery , Cranial Fossa, Middle/surgery , Craniotomy/methods , Humans , Male , Maxilla/surgery , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Nose Neoplasms/surgery , Osteotomy/methods , Palate/surgery , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/surgeryABSTRACT
Objetivo: Propor uma alternativa cirúrgica ao acesso do terço médio da face incluindo a rinofaringe, seio esfenoidal, fossa pterigopalatina, processo odontóide e clivus. Expor como a técnica apresentada oferece exposição ampla da região e mínimas complicações que são avaliadas neste trabalho. Método: Os registros médicos de doze pacientes submetidos a translocação médio-facial no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, de 1995 a 2008, foram analisados quanto a doença tratada, localização das lesões, técnica cirúrgica e complicações. Resultados: Seis pacientes eram portadores de cordoma do clivus, neste grupo três pacientes não apresentaram complicações, um desenvolveu ectrópio, um apresentou hipoestesia do nervo infra-orbitário e um evoluiu com insuficiência velo-palatina leve. Um paciente com diagnóstico de estesioneuroblastoma apresentou granulama nasal. Os outros cinco pacientes tinham compressão vértebro-basilar e, no pós-operatório, três deles não apresentaram complicações. Dentre os que apresentaram complicações, um evoluiu com deiscência parcial do palato mole e outro apresentou pequenos granulomas em uma cavidade nasal, paresia do ramo oftálmico e leve insuficiência velo-palatina. Conclusão: A técnica de translocação médio-facial fornece uma ampla abordagem à base do crânio com poucas seqüelas e de baixa morbidade para o paciente no pós-operatório.
Subject(s)
Humans , Skull Base/surgery , Face/abnormalities , Face/surgery , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/surgery , Nasopharynx/surgery , Odontoid Process/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/surgeryABSTRACT
Introdução: O Nasoangiofibroma Juvenil (NJ) é um raro tumor benigno vascular, não encapsulado, com comportamento maligno, por causa do crescimento invasivo e extensão para regiões adjacentes, que acomete exclusivamente adolescentes do sexo masculino. Origina-se na fossa pterigopalatina, na margem superior do forame esfenopalatino e apresenta prevalência de 0,05% dos tumores de cabeça e pescoço. Sua etiologia é desconhecida e o principal tratamento é a ressecção cirúrgica completa. Entretanto, a via de acesso a este tumor tem sido motivo de debates. É descrito o acesso transantral, transpalatal, endoscópio, Le Fort I e outros. As taxas de recorrência após tratamento cirúrgico variam de 0 a 55%, a depender do estadiamento inicial, do tratamento escolhido, bem como da via de acesso. Objetivo: Avaliar pacientes portadores de NJ submetidos a ressecção cirúrgica via Le Fort I, de março de 1983 a março de 2008, atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP. Resultados: A idade do diagnóstico variou de 8 a 28 anos, com média de 16 anos. O sítio mais comum de acometimento foi a nasofaringe e fossa pterigopalatina em 100% dos casos, seguido da cavidade nasal (90%), seio esfenoidal (81%), seio etmoidal (68%), seio maxiliar (46%), órbita (25%), fossa infratemporal e região intracranial (21%). Angiografia e embolização forma realizadas no pré-operatório em 75% dos pacientes. Quanto às complicações, um paciente apresentou desoclusão após cirurgia, um paciente apresentou infecção no sítio operatório, dois pacientes apresentaram sangramento moderado e um grave no intra-operatório. Conclusão: Concluímos que a abordagem Le Fort I é uma técnica cirúrgica que permite a ressecção total do NJ, com pequena taxa de complicações e recidivas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nasal Cavity/abnormalities , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Osteotomy, Le Fort , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Ethmoid Sinus/surgery , Angiography , Embolization, TherapeuticABSTRACT
O papiloma invertido é um tumor benigno nasal que geralmente se origina na parede lateral da fossa nasal, mais especificamente da região do meato médio. Apresenta grande potencial invasivo local, com alta taxa de recorrência e potencial para transformação maligna. O acometimento do recesso esfenoetmoidal é raro e, quando ocorre, é decorrente de doença primária do seio esfenoidal. Não há relato de papiloma invertido isolado em recesso esfenoetmoidal na literatura. Relatamos um caso de papiloma invertido originado em recesso esfenoetmoidal, sem comprometimento do seio esfenoidal.
Inverted papilloma is a nasal benign tumor that usually arises from the lateral nasal wall, especially from the middle meatus. It has high local invasive likelihood, high recurrence rates and malignancy potential. Sphenoethmoidal recess involvement is rare and is usually due to sphenoid sinus primary disease. In the literature, no case of isolated sphenoethmoidal recess inverted papilloma has been reported yet. The present report describes an exceptional location of inverted papilloma, arising from the sphenoethmoid recess, without involving the sphenoid sinus.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Papilloma, Inverted/diagnosis , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sphenoid Sinus , Endoscopy , Papilloma, Inverted/pathology , Papilloma, Inverted/surgery , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/pathology , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Sphenoid sinus is the most inaccessible paranasal sinus, enclosed within the sphenoid bone and intimately related to numerous vital neural and vascular structures. Anatomic variation of the sphenoid sinus is well documented and may complicate surgery in such a place. To outline the surgically risky anatomic variants of the sphenoid sinus as well as the variable relationships between the sinus and related neurovascular structures, for the safe removal of intrasphenoid and pituitary lesions. We undertook a prospective review of 300 paranasal sinus CT scans of Libyan patients; coronal CT scans were obtained by special parameter techniques. We assessed pneumatization of pterygoid process [PP], anterior clinoid process [ACP], and greater wing of sphenoid [GWS]; we also examined protrusion and dehiscence of internal carotid artery [ICA], optic nerve [ON], maxillary nerve [MN], and vidian nerve [VN] into the sphenoid sinus cavity. Pneumatization of PP, ACP, and GWS were seen in 87 [29%], 46 [15.3%], and 60 patients [20%], respectively. Protrusion of ICA, ON, MN, and VN were noticed in 123 [41%], 107 [35.6%], 73 [24.3%], and 81 patients [27%], respectively; dehiscence of these structures was encountered in 90 [30%], 92 [30.6%], 39 [13%], and 111 patients [37%], respectively. Statistically, there was a highly significant association between ACP pneumatization and ICA protrusion, ACP pneumatization and ON protrusion, PP pneumatization and VN protrusion; and GWS pneumatization and MN protrusion [p-value < 0.001]. The sphenoid sinus is highly variable; this variability necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the regional sphenoid sinus anatomy by a detailed CT scan sinus examination before surgery in and around the sinus. This study indicates the possibility of a racial anatomical variation of the sphenoid sinus in the Libyan population