Protocol paper: kainic acid excitotoxicity-induced spinal cord injury paraplegia in Sprague-Dawley rats

BACKGROUND: Excitotoxicity-induced in vivo injury models are vital to reflect the pathophysiological features of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. The duration and concentration of chemical treatment controls the extent of neuronal cell damage. The extent of injury is explained in relation to locomotor and behavioural activity. Several SCI in vivo methods have been reported and studied extensively, particularly contusion, compression, and transection models. These models depict similar pathophysiology to that in humans but are extremely expensive (contusion) and require expertise (compression). Chemical excitotoxicity-induced SCI models are simple and easy while producing similar clinical manifestations. The kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity model is a convenient, low-cost, and highly reproducible animal model of SCI in the laboratory. The basic impactor approximately cost between 10,000 and 20,000 USD, while the kainic acid only cost between 300 and 500 USD, which is quite cheap as compared to traditional SCI method. METHODS: In this study, 0.05 mM KA was administered at dose of 10 µL/100 g body weight, at a rate of 10 µL/min, to induce spinal injury by intra-spinal injection between the T12 and T13 thoracic vertebrae. In this protocol, detailed description of a dorsal laminectomy was explained to expose the spinal cord, following intra-spinal kainic acid administration at desired location. The dose, rate and technique to administer kainic acid were explained extensively to reflect a successful paraplegia and spinal cord injury in rats. The postoperative care and complication post injury of paraplegic laboratory animals were also explained, and necessary requirements to overcome these complications were also described to help researcher. RESULTS: This injury model produced impaired hind limb locomotor function with mild seizure. Hence this protocol will help researchers to induce spinal cord injury in laboratories at extremely low cost and also will help to determine the necessary supplies, methods for producing SCI in rats and treatments designed to mitigate post-injury impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Kainic acid intra-spinal injection at the concentration of 0.05 mM, and rate 10 µL/min, is an effective method create spinal injury in rats, however more potent concentrations of kainic acid need to be studied in order to create severe spinal injuries.

Colgajo muscular de esternocleidomastoídeo para el manejo de perforación esofágica tardía: reporte de dos casos / Muscle flap of sternocleidomastoid for the management of late esophageal perforation: report of two cases

Resumen Introducción: La perforación esofágica es una complicación poco frecuente en la cirugía de columna cervical por vía anterior, sin embargo, puede tener graves consecuencias cuando hay demoras en diagnóstico y tratamiento. Casos Clínicos: Presentamos dos casos clínicos de pacientes con perforación esofágica secundaria a cirugía de columna cervical por vía anterior. Se usaron para su reparación colgajo muscular de esternocleidomastoideo (ECM). Conclusión: La perforación esofágica secundaria a cirugía de columna cervical es poco frecuente, variable desde el punto de vista clínico, el TC y estudio radiológico contrastado son fundamentales en el diagnóstico de esta patología. El colgajo muscular ECM en estos casos es una herramienta fiable y extremadamente útil debido a sus características anatómicas, fácil disección quirúrgica y baja morbilidad asociada.

Introduction: Esophageal perforation is a rare complication in cervical spine surgery by anterior way, however it can have serious consequences when there are delays in diagnosis and treatment. Cases Report: We present two clinical cases of patients with esophageal perforation secondary to cervical spine surgery by anterior way. Sternocleido-mastoid muscle flaps were used for repair. Conclusion: Esophageal perforation secondary to cervical spine surgery is rare, clinically variable, CT and radiologic study are fundamental in the diagnosis of this pathology. The Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap in these cases is a reliable and extremely useful tool due to its anatomical characteristics, easy surgical dissection and low associated morbidity.

Does a Vertebra Fracture Cause a Tumor? A Dorsolumbar Paraspinal Desmoid Tumor: Case Report

Extraabdominal desmoid tumors are uncommon soft-tissue tumors. The etiology of the tumor is still unclear. Injury is one of the etiological factors of soft-tissue tumors. A 41-year-old female patient who had a traumatic vertebral body fracture on the thoracic spine was treated conservatively. Two and a half years later, she presented a painful, palpable swelling on the thoracolumbar region. In the present report, was discuss the patient, who underwent a surgery to remove the desmoid tumor (aggressive fibromatosis), within the context of the current literature. The literature on desmoid tumor caused by a trauma is rare. This is the first case that demonstrates an extraabdominal desmoid tumor following a spinal fracture. The swelling on the region of the trauma must be examined carefully and desmoid tumor must be kept in mind as a possible diagnosis.

Vertebroplastia percutánea guiada por tomografía para el manejo del dolor en pacientes con fractura del cuerpo vertebral / CT-guided Vertebroplasty for Painful Vertebral Fractures

Objetivo Describir la técnica y resultados en cuanto a la mejoría del dolor y complicaciones al realizar este procedimiento mediante guía por tomografía computada. Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo de una serie de 108 pacientes a quienes se les realizó vertebroplastia percutánea guiada por tomografía computada realizadas en dos hospitales universitarios, entre mayo 2007 y mayo 2017. Todos los procedimientos se realizaron de forma ambulatoria con anestesia local y se valoró el dolor mediante la escala visual análoga. Resultados Se realizaron 125 vertebroplastias, en el 87,9% de los pacientes (n = 95) se realizó el procedimiento en un cuerpo vertebral, en el 8,3% (n = 9) y 3,7% (n = 4) de los pacientes se cementaron 2 y 3 vertebras respectivamente. El rango de dolor según la escala visual análoga (EVA) previo al tratamiento varió entre 5 y 10, donde un 94% (n = 102) de los pacientes manifestaban una intensidad 10/10. En el postratamiento el rango de dolor varió entre 0a7dondeel 98% de la población reportó un valor menor o igual a 3. Se presentaron 3 complicaciones: tromboembolismo pulmonar por metil-metacrilato, extravasación al plexo de Batson y extravasación al espacio interdiscal, cada una en tres pacientes diferentes. Conclusión La vertebroplastia percutánea guiada por TC ofrece una indiscutible mejora inmediata del dolor en pacientes con fractura de uno o más cuerpos vertebrales, con una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Objetive Describe the technique, results in terms of pain improvement and complications to perform this procedure by computed tomography. Materials and Methods A descriptive observational study of a 108 cases series of percutaneous vertebroplasty guided by computed tomography performed in two university hospitals between May 2007 and May 2017. All procedures were performed with local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, pain was assessed by means of the Visual analogue scale (VAS). Results A total of 125vertebroplasties were performed. In 87.9% (n = 95) of the patients, the procedure was performed in one vertebral body, in 8.3% (n = 9) and 3.7% (n = 4) of the patientshad two or three vertebrae cemented respectively. The range of pain according to VAS prior to treatment varied between 5 and 10, where 94% (n = 102) of the patients manifested a 10/10 intensity; after treatment, the range of pain varied between 0 to 7 where 98% of the population reported a value less than or equal to 3. Three complications were reported, one pulmonary thromboembolism due to methylmethacrylate, one extravasation in to the Batson plexus and one extravasation of cement to the interdiscal space. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous vertebroplasty offers an undeniable immediate improvement of pain in patients with fracture of one or more vertebral bodies, with a low rate of complications.

Classificação AO e conceito de Dennis na indicação cirúrgica dos traumatismos raquidianos e raquimedulares. Todas as situações são contempladas? / Spinal trauma and spinal cord injury: The AO classification. The Denis concept. The surgical indication. Are all situations addressed?

Os autores discutem a aplicação da classificação AO e do conceito de Denis na qualificação dos traumatismos raquimedular e raquidiano, com ênfase nas indicações de cirurgia da coluna vertebral, expondo um quadro prático para tomada de decisão, que engloba todas as situações. Citam que embora tais classificações, as mais usadas na atualidade, sejam úteis para alicerçar o raciocínio clínico e cirúrgico dos casos de traumatismo raquimedular (TRM) e traumatismo raquidiano (TR), independente da forma de classificação empregada, ou mesmo que surjam outras classificações para os mesmos propósitos, duas questões serão sempre as mais importantes a serem respondidas pelos médicos assistentes na tomada de decisão: Há déficit neurológico? Há instabilidade da coluna vertebral?

The authors discuss the application of the AO classification and the concept of Denis, in qualifying of spinal cord injury, with emphasis on indications of spine surgery, exposing a practical framework for decision making, which includes all situations. Although these ratings, the most used are useful to support the clinical reasoning and surgical cases, two questions must always be answered by attending physicians for making decisions: Is there neurological deficit? Is there instability of the spine?

Lumbar pseudomeningocele following blunt trauma without spinal fractures / Pseudomeningocele lombar após trauma fechado sem fraturas vertebrais

The lumbar pseudomeningocele (PSM) is an uncommon condition, mainly, after a lumbar blunt trauma. The authors present a rare case of PSM following a lumbar blunt trauma which did not show any abnormalities in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar region. Firstly, the patient underwent to conservative treatment that fail and then it was performed a surgical approach of the lumbar area, however, the lumbar fluid collection appeared again and a lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) was then performed with complete successful. One year and half afterwards the LPS the patient continues asymptomatic. The standard treatment of this condition remains uncertain, but the conservative treatment followed by LPS is a good option and can be done in several cases.

A pseudomeningocele lombar é uma condição incomum, principalmente após trauma lombar fechado. Os autores apresentam um caso raro de pseudomeningocele lombar após trauma lombar fechado que não apresentou alterações na ressonância magnética da região lombar. Primeiramente, o paciente foi submetido ao tratamento conservador que falhou, sendo submetido, em seguida, à abordagem cirúrgica da região lombar, entretanto, a coleção lombar fluida apareceu novamente, sendo, então, realizada uma derivação lomboperitoneal com remissão completa da coleção. Um ano e meio após a derivação lomboperitoneal, o paciente permanece assintomático. O tratamento padrão dessa patologia ainda permanece incerto, mas o tratamento conservador seguido de derivação lomboperitoneal é uma boa opção e pode ser feito em certos casos.

Principais complicações do Traumatismo Raquimedularnos pacientes internados na unidade de neurocirurgiado Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal / Major complications Spinal Trauma in patients in neurosurgery unit BaseHospital Distrito Federal

Introdução: O trauma raquimedular é uma agressão à medula espinhalque pode ocasionar danos neurológicos, tais como alterações da funçãomotora, sensitiva e autônoma. Acidentes automobilísticos, queda de altura,acidente por mergulho em água rasa e ferimentos por arma de fogo têmsido as principais causas de traumatismo raquimedular.Objetivos: Levantar as principais complicações do traumatismo raquimedularnos pacientes internados na unidade de neurocirurgia do Hospitalde Base do Distrito Federal no ano de 2012.Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, descritivo,com corte transversal, realizado por meio de pesquisa de dados secundários.O estudo foi realizado com dados obtidos no banco de dadosdo prontuário eletrônico (TRACK CARE) do Hospital de Base do DistritoFederal.Resultado e discussão: A avaliação dos 36 prontuários eletrônicos de vítimasde traumatismo raquimedular permitiu verificar as complicações demaior incidência, sendo a bexiga neurogênica (intrínseca da patologia) e aúlcera por pressão (decorrente da internação) as mais prevalentes. Mais dametade dos pacientes apresentaram complicações durante a hospitalização,com destaque para a bexiga neurogênica, sendo que as lesões completasforam as que tiveram maior incidência de complicações relacionadasao traumatismo raquimedular.

Introduction: The spinal cord injury is an insult to the spinal cord whichcan cause neurological damage, such as changes in motor function, sensoryand autonomous. Automobile accidents, falls, accidents per dive inshallow water and injury by firearms have been the main causes of SpinalCord Trauma.Objectives: Raise the main complications of spinal cord injury in patientsadmitted to the neurosurgery unit of the Base Hospital District Federal in2012.Methodology: This is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectionalstudy using secondary data research. The study was conducted withdata from the database of electronic medical records (TRACK CARE) ofthe Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal.Results and discussion: In the evaluation of the electronic medical recordsof 36 victims of spinal cord injury has shown complications, whichthe highest incidence of them was neurogenic bladder (intrinsic of the patology)and pressure ulcers (arising from hospitalization). Over half of thepatients had complications during hospitalization, especially the neurogenicbladder, more prevalent in complete lesions, which had the higherincidence of complications related to spinal cord injury.

Cervical spine injuries in a teaching hospital of eastern region of Nepal: a clinico-epidemiological study.

Cervical spine injuries with neural deficits carry significant impact economically, socially and psychologically to the individual and to the society. Risk factors involved, mode of injuries, constraints of management and rehabilitation are different in developing countries. Total 149 patients of cervical spine injuries presented in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal were evaluated prospectively for three years. Demographic details, etiology of injury, method and time taken for transportation and treatment method and progression of recovery were recorded. Most commonly involved age group was 30-49 years (44%) with male to female ratio of 4:1. Fall related injury especially from trees was the commonest mode of injury (60%). Patients were transported to hospital without neck immobilization (81%) in a vehicle unsuitable for spinal injuries patient with average delay of two days of injury. 79% had neural deficits among which 42% are with quadriparesis, 31% are with quadriplegia. Associated extra spinal injuries were found in 9% patients. Average hospital stay was 31 days. C5 vertebra was the most commonly injured vertebra. Cervical spine injuries, which has major impact over patient and society is still not adequately addressed by medical and public health system of developing countries like Nepal. Incidence of spinal injuries and its devastating consequences can be reduced by appropriate preventive measures and management along with rehabilitation.

Tuberculosis atípica de la columna / Atypical tuberculosis of the spine

La forma de presentación de la tuberculosis espinal atípica, se divide en dos grandes grupos: prestación clínica y radiográfica. Dentro de la presentación clínica se describe el prolapso discal, el absceso tuberculoso sin lesión ósea y los granulomas tuberculosos. Por otra parte, en la presentación radiográfica atípica se encuentra la afección vertebral única, con todas sus variantes y la afección vertebral múltiple en continuidad o en saltos. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es describir las diferentes formas atípicas de presentación, por lo difícil que se hace su diagnóstico y la escasa bibliografía que aborda este tema.

The form of presentation of atypical spinal tuberculosis is divided into two big groups: clinical and radiographic presentations. The clinical presentation describes disc prolapse, tuberculous abscess without osseous lesion and tuberculous granuloma. On the other hand, the atypical radiographic presentation includes single vertebral disease with all its variants, and continuos or leaped multiple vertebral disease. The objective of this review article was to describe the different atypical forms of presentation because of the difficulties in diagnosis and the scanty literature dealing with this topic.

La présentation de la tuberculose spinale atypique est divisée en deux types: clinique et radiographique. Dans la présentation clinique, on peut trouver le prolapsus discal, l'abcès tuberculeux sans lésion osseuse et les granulomes tuberculeux, tandis que dans la présentation radiographique atypique on peut voir l'affection vertébrale unique, avec toutes ses variations, et l'affection vertébrale multiple à continuité ou en sauts. L'objectif de cet article de revue est de décrire les différentes formes atypiques de présentation, étant donné la difficulté de leur diagnostic et la manque de bibliographie abordant ce sujet.

Una hipótesis para las algias de columna: las lesiones incompletas de los ligamentos producen una disfunción del control muscular / A hypothesis for the spine algias: incomplete injuries of ligaments produce a dysfunction of the muscular control

Muchos informes clínicos y estudios de investigación han descrito el comportamiento de los pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico y dolor cervical crónico. Sólo algunas hipótesis han intentado explicar los múltiples hallazgos de estas investigaciones. Acá se presenta una nueva hipótesis, basada en el concepto de que las lesiones incompletas de los ligamentos (ligamentos espinales, anillo discal y cápsulas facetarias) pueden provocar dolor lumbar producto de una disfunción en el control muscular. La hipótesis tiene la siguiente secuencia de pasos. Se produce un trauma único o microtraumas acumulativos que provocan lesiones incompletas en los ligamentos y en los mecanorreceptores inmersos en ellos. Estos mecanorreceptores lesionados generan señales de transducción alteradas, que producen un patrón alterado de respuesta muscular generado por la unidad de control neuromuscular. La coordinación muscular y las características de la fuerza muscular individual, es decir, la activación, magnitud y desactivación, están alteradas. Esto produce niveles anormales de estrés y tensión sobre los ligamentos, mecanorreceptores y músculos, además de una carga excesiva en las articulaciones facetarias. Debido a la reparación deficiente que presentan en forma inherente los ligamentos espinales, puede ocurrir una degeneración acelerada de los discos y de las articulaciones facetarias. Estas condiciones anormales pueden persistir y, con el tiempo, pueden conducir a un dolor lumbar crónico debido a la inflamación de los tejidos neurales. La hipótesis explica muchas de las observaciones clínicas y los hallazgos en relación a los pacientes con dolor lumbar. Además, puede ayudar a entender de mejor manera a los pacientes con dolor lumbar y cervical crónico, y mejorar el manejo clínico.

Fatal gastro-intestinal bleeding: A complication following spinal injury.

On 30.08.2003, a 20-year-old boy met with a vehicular accident and sustained spinal injury and left upper limb fracture. He was immediately hospitalized and seemed to recover well after treatment for a period of 15 days, when just before discharge he suddenly had hematemesis and bleeding per rectum and succumbed within another 24 hours. The case is discussed in detail.

Management for traumatic injuries of cervical spine in Aleppo University Hospital

The study included 72 patients reviewed the Aleppo University Hospital between 1998-2004. The youngest patient was 10 years old, and the oldest was 60 years old, and the median age was 29.5 years. There was 54 males [75%] and 18 females [25%]. The radiologic procedures were plain X-ray to all of the patients, CT scan to only 39 patients and MRI to 8 patients only. The injuries divided into three groups: The pure fractures contained: 41 cases 30 males and 11 females. The pure dislocations contained: 23 cases. 17 males and 6 females The fractures-dislocations contained: 7 cases. 6 males and 1 female. And one [male] patient had oedema in the cervical spinal cord. The most cause of the injuries was road accidents [62.5%] then swimming accidents [16.6%]. In the pure fractures cases, the most injured levels was C5 [37.7%], then C6 [23.2%]. In the pure dislocation cases, the most injured levels was C5C6 [30%], then C6-C7 [23.2%]. The most age groups injured was 10-20 years [43%]. Types of injuries was: unstable 60 cases [83.3%] Stable 12 cases [16.7%]. The methods of treatment contained 3 ways: orthosis Traction [skin, skeletal traction]. Surgical treatment. The most common complications were: respiratory problems [38.5%], bed sores [26.4%], urinary infections [20.8%]. The mortality was 23 cases [3 1.9%]. The results of this study was approximately similar to the results of Dr.Ashkar [was also done in Aleppo University Hospital] between 1992-1996, and were compared also with other international studies. Finally we recommended: Improvement of the road states. Enforcement of the traffic laws. Supply the hospitals with equipments and operative rooms for spinal operations. Rehabilitation of the patients and improvement of life style

Perspectivas disgnósticas e terapêuticas da osteoporose após lesão medular / Diagnostic and therapeutics perspectives in osteoporosis after spinal cord injury

A osteoporose é uma das reconhecidas complicações da lesão medular, mas restam dúvidas quanto à totalidade de mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos e tratamento efetivo. Garnde parte da perda óssea ocorre na fase aguda, com estabilização cerca de doze a dezesseis meses após. A perda óssea afeta todos os seguimentos, mas é mais intensa naqueles paralizados e em áreas ricas em osso trabecular. Mecanismos envolvidos não são totalmente esclarecidos, mas englobam não só a perda da tensão mecânica, mas também fatores neurovasculares e alterações estruturais do colágeno. Tanto marcadores bioquímicos quanto estudos com o uso da histomorfometria óssea evidenciam aumento da reabsorção óssea em detrimento da formação óssea. Estudos com o uso da densitometria óssea evidenciam dissociação entre a perda a nível do quadril e de membros inferiores, achado considerado típico e marcante deste grupo de pacientes. Como consequência, o aumento da incidência de fraturas que se situa entre 1 e 7 por cento, sendo muitas vezes decorrentes de traumas mínimos. Trabalhos com ortostatismo e cinesioterapia não demonstraram benefício significativo no que diz respeito à redução da perda da massa óssea e trabalhos com estimulação elétrica funcional apresentam resultados divergentes, parecendo resultar em algum benefício local. O uso de medicação anti-reabsortiva parece constituir opção promissora, sobretudo na fase aguda, mas estudos são ainda necessários para avaliar a sua efetividade, ou seja, a redução de incidência de fraturas.

Timings of surgery for acute spinal injury

Early surgical management of spinal injury is commonly considered the treatment of choice for spinal injuries particularly cervical. Recently many reports do not agree strictly to criteria of emergency surgery. In our hospital this was chance study due to 15 km wide distance of fully equipped unit from casuality neuro surgical unit. It has been eventually delayed for few days until patient was other-wise stable and transportable to other unit. A retrospective study was undertaken to see the impact of this policy on the prognosis of neurological deficit postoperative complications and hospital stay. It included 27 patients undergoing surgery for spinal injuries from March-99 to Oct-2000 [21 months study]. Patients were divided into two groups. Group-A included 8 patients who were operated within 24 hours of admission and Group-B included 19[70.37 percent] patients operated during 1-2 weeks of trauma. In Group-A patients had grade power +3. In Group-B 16 patients has +3 power. In Group-A mortality was 3 [37.5 percent] and complication rate 5/8 [62.5 percent]. In Group-B morality was 2/19[10.52 percent] and complication rate 4/19 [21.05 percent]. The mean hospital stay was compared in both groups it was 9 days average in group-A while 19 days in group-B. This data concluded that circumstantial delay, initial refusal by relative or unsuitable environmental delay in surgery of spine is safe without worsening of neurological recovery and without increased rate of complications

Clinical and radiological differences between traumatic and idiopathic coccygodynia

Several reports of coccygodynia have been confined to the causes, the methods of treatment, and the methods of radiological examination. As far as we know, there has been no previous study about the objective measurement of the coccyx. The purpose of this study was to find the possible cause of idiopathic coccygodynia by comparing the clinical and radiological differences between traumatic and idiopathic coccygodynia by innovative objective clinical and radiological measurements. Thirty-two patients with coccygodynia were evaluated retrospectively. We divided the patients into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 19 patients with traumatic coccygodynia and group 2 consisted of 13 patients with idiopathic coccygodynia. We reviewed medical records and checked age, sex distribution, symptoms, and treatment outcome in each group. We also reviewed coccyx AP and lateral views of plain radiological film and measured the number of coccyx segments and the intercoccygeal angle in each group. The intercoccygeal angle devised by the authors was defined as the angle between the first and last segment of the coccyx. We also checked the intercoccygeal angle in a normal control group, which consisted of 18 women and 2 men, to observe the reference value of the intercoccygeal angle. The outcome of treatment was assessed by a visual analogue scale based on the pain score. Statistical analysis was done with Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Group 1 consisted of 1 male and 18 female patients, while group 2 consisted of 2 male and 11 female patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the traumatic and idiopathic coccygodynia groups in terms of age (38.7 years versus 36.5 years), male/female sex ratio (1/18 versus 2/11), and the number of coccyx segments (2.9 versus 2.7). There were significant differences between the traumatic and idiopathic coccygodynia groups in terms of the pain score (pain on sitting: 82 versus 47, pain on defecation: 39 versus 87), the intercoccygeal angle (47.9 degree versus 72.2 degrees), and the satisfactory outcome of conservative treatment (47.4% versus 92.3%). The reference value of the intercoccygeal angle in the normal control group was 52.3 degrees, which was significantly different from that of the idiopathic group. In conclusion, the intercoccygeal angle of the idiopathic coccygodynia group was greater than that of the traumatic group and normal control group. Based on the results of this study, the increased intercoccygeal angle can be considered a possible cause of idiopathic coccygodynia. The intercoccygeal angle was a useful radiological measurement to evaluate the forward angulation deformity of the coccyx.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas toracolumbares por vía anterior / Surgical treatment for thoracolumbar fractures by an anterior approach

Los reportes de complicaciones y fallas de los implantes pediculares, con xifosis y/o ruptura del implante, hacen importante determinar los criterios de abordaje anterior en las fracturas toracolumbares, para evitar estas complicaciones. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, observacional, en un total de 20 pacientes adultos atendidos en el servicio de columna del Hospital de Traumatología ®Victorio de la Fuente Narvaéz¼ (IMSS) en México, DF con fracturas toracolumbares inestables (con criterios radiográficos de xifosis mayor a 20 grados, compresión de cuerpo vertebral mayor de 40 por ciento, e invasión a conducto medular de 40 por ciento, o más) y/o compromiso neurológico, de marzo de 1995 a febrero de 1996, valorando la descompresión toracolumbar por vía anterior, así como la estabilidad lograda, describiendo las complicaciones quirúrgicas. El total de 20 pacientes sometidos a cirugía por vía anterior fue con injerto de peroné autólogo en todos los casos. En 5 pacientes fue en un solo tiempo quirúrgico con implante anterior (USS DE AO). Los restantes 15 pacientes fueron sometidos a dos tiempos quirúrgicos con instrumentación posterior (USS en 12 casos y 3 casos con barras de Luque). En 12 pacientes no hubo lesión neurológica; en 5 casos fueron lesiones parciales, recuperándose 3 de ellos. Los restantes 3 casos fueron de lesión neurológica completa, en los cuales no fue posible la recuperación del estado neurológico. En cuanto a la estabilidad lograda inicialmente en la cirugía, en el seguimiento de los pacientes se ha mantenido sin encontrar ruptura de material ni compromiso de xifosis

Traumas invalidantes de columna cervical en el rugby argentino: período 1977-1995 / Disabling injuries to the cervical spine in argentinean rugby

Antecedentes: Las lesiones cervicales invalidantes son más frecuentes en el rugby que en otros deportes de contacto. Objetivo: Analizar incidencia y puestos de riesgo de lesión cervical invalidante en el rugby argentino. Población: Todos los casos informados a la comisión médica de la UAR y/o a la Fundación Rugby Amistad. Método: Confección de registros y seguimiento telefónico. Evaluación estadística de la probabilidad de lesión según puestos con distribución binomial cumulativa para evaluar la incidencia y probabilidad de lesión según los puestos. Resultados: Se documentaron 14 casos desde 1977 hasta 1995 (menos de 1 caso por año). Edad promedio: 19 años. Vértebras mayormente comprometidas: 4ta, 5ta, 6ta. Delanteros lesionados: 11/14, Tres cuartos: 3/14. Puesto más afectado: Hooker, 7/14. Nueve casos ocurrieron durante la formación del scrum. Todos presentaron tetraplegía inicialmente. Conclusiones: La incidencia de lesiones invalidantes de columna cervical es baja. Los delanteros tienen mayor probabilidad de lesión cervical invalidante que los tres cuartos (p = 0,04). El Hooker tiene mayor riesgo de lesión que el resto de los jugadores (p = 0,017), lo que estaría vinculado al "scrum"

Novo sistema de classificaçäo das lesoes traumáticas da coluna vertebral: estudo de 100 casos / Classification new system of traumatic wounds and spinal injuries: critic study of 100 cases

Varias classificaçöes tem sido propostas para avaliaçäo das lesöes traumáticas da coluna vertebral, cada uma delas apresentando vantagens e desvantagens, mas ainda näo foi possivel a unificaçäo dos sistemas de classificaçäo de tais lesöes. Visando padronizar uma forma de avaliaçäo que englobaria os aspectos positivos das diversas publicaçöes sobre o assunto, a American Spinal Injury Association - ASIA - desenvolveu um método de classificaçäo baseado em cinco parametros: número de colunas em que se divide cada vertebra acometidos pela lesao, deslizamento resultante da lesäo, angulaçäo resultante da lesäo, acometimento do canal vertebral e afericao da quantidade de perda de massa da vertebra resultante da lesäo...