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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: 1-9, 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468813

ABSTRACT

Some studies report the positive effect of organic residues from ant nests on soil properties and on the structure of the adjacent plant community in field experiments, but there is a gap about the effect on individual species. The purpose of the present study was to compare the soil nutrient content and the development of Turnera subulata Smith, an ornamental species, in the presence of the nest refuse (basically composed of fragments of grass leaves and the symbiotic fungus) produced by the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex balzani (Emery, 1890) or in control soil through a greenhouse pot experiment. The experiment was carried out with two treatments: control soil and soil with 25% of nest refuse. The plants were kept in 1L pots for 90 days. We evaluated the parameters: plant height, stem diameter, root length, number of leaves, dry weight of the root, dry and fresh aboveground biomass. Additionally, the relative chlorophyll content and leaf nutrients were used as nutritional parameters. As a result, plants that grew in the soil with nest refuse showed significant higher values of all parameters evaluated when compared to the control treatment (p < 0.001). We conclude that this biofertilizer contributed to the production of more vigorous plants, being able to act on the local dynamics of nutrients in the ecosystems where A. balzani occurs. As it is relatively abundant and easy to collect, the refuse of A. balzani has the potential to be used as an alternative substrate in the production of shortlife cycle plants.


Alguns estudos relatam o efeito positivo de resíduos orgânicos de formigueiros nas propriedades do solo e na estrutura da comunidade de plantas adjacentes em experimentos de campo, mas há uma lacuna sobre o efeito em espécies individuais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o desenvolvimento de Turnera subulata Smith, uma espécie ornamental, na presença do substrato de descarte (SD) de formigueiros produzido pela formiga cortadeira Acromyrmex balzani (Emery, 1890) por meio de experimento em casa de vegetação. O experimento foi conduzido com dois tratamentos: solo controle e solo com 25% de SD. As plantas foram mantidas em vasos de 1L por 90 dias. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, comprimento da raiz, número de folhas, massa seca da raiz, biomassa seca e fresca da parte aérea. Além disso, o conteúdo relativo de clorofila e os nutrientes foliares foram usados como parâmetros fisiológicos. Como resultado, as plantas que cresceram no solo com SD apresentaram valores significativamente maiores de todos os parâmetros avaliados quando comparadas ao tratamento controle (p < 0.001). Concluímos que esse biofertilizante contribuiu para a produção de plantas mais vigorosas, podendo atuar na dinâmica local de nutrientes nos ecossistemas onde A. balzani ocorre. Além disso, por ser relativamente abundante e fácil de coletar, o SD de A. balzani tem potencial para ser utilizado como biofertilizante na produção de plantas de ciclo de vida curta.


Subject(s)
Ants , Soil , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Turnera/growth & development
2.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 43: e56198, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461017

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth and the proximate compositionof the mycelium-based bocaiuva pulp with the edible mushroom Pleurotusostreatuson green bocaiuva flour added with different sources of nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate and sulfate ammonia). Growth was monitored by kinectics. At the end, the proximate composition of the best three treatments (dehydrated green bocaiuva pulp and water, T1; dehydrated green bocaiuva pulp and ammonium nitrate, T3; and green bocaiuva pulp/wheat bran and ammonium nitrate, T7) was determined. Ammonium nitrate was the nitrogen source that showed the greatest growth in both substrates (T3:8.33 cm and T7:7.67 cm) in relation to the other treatments (4.67 to 7.17 cm), with emphasis on the green bocaiuva pulp. The substrate with green bocaiuva pulp and water was the one that showed the highest growth (7.50 cm), which was close to the treatment with mixed substrate and ammonium nitrate (7.67 cm). The treatment with the green bocaiuva pulp and ammonium nitrate (T3) was highlighted due to its significant increase in proteins (9.42 g 100 g-1) and fibers (5.21 g 100 g-1), and decrease in carbohydrates (9.52 g 100 g-1), in comparison to the other treatments T7 (8.94, 2.16, and 5.99 g 100 g-1, respectively) and T1 (2.78, 4.33, and 2.28 g 100 g-1, respectively). The product obtained from the growth of P. ostreatusin green bocaiuva pulp presents promising perspectives to be utilized as raw material for the development of new food products with added nutritional value.


Subject(s)
Nitrogen , Pleurotus/genetics , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis
3.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 18(2): e190076, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1135389

ABSTRACT

Trophic structure of fish assemblages is one of the most sensitive indicators of changes in streams environments. Since it is crucial to understand the response of trophic groups to habitat alteration, our study aimed to address this research gap by assessing the influence of substrate composition, meso-habitat variability, and bank stability, on the richness, biomass, and number of individuals of carnivores, invertivores, omnivores, and herbivorous-detritivores. Using an electrofishing device, we sampled 13 Atlantic rainforest streams reaches in a degradation gradient, located in the upper Paranapanema river basin. Sample points were ranked using a physical habitat index. More pristine streams had high availability of twigs, trunks, rocks and boulders in the substrate, great meso-habitat variability, and the presence of roots, trunks, and rocks in the margins. Canonical correlations between habitat characteristics and trophic groups explained more than 90% of data variability. Richness and number of individuals of invertivores increased in more preserved stream reaches, while richness of carnivores and number of individuals of omnivores decreased. These results demonstrate that trophic structure varies according to level of degradation, and that invertivore richness represents the best indicator of fish trophic structure responses to physical habitat alterations in streams.(AU)


A estrutura trófica da assembleia de peixes é um dos indicadores mais sensíveis a alterações ambientais em riachos. Considerando a relevância de entender a resposta de grupos tróficos à alteração ambiental, este estudo buscou preencher esta lacuna científica avaliando a influência da composição do substrato, variabilidade de meso-hábitats e estabilidade das margens sobre riqueza, biomassa e número de indivíduos de peixes carnívoros, invertívoros, onívoros e herbívoros-detritívoros. Amostramos com pesca elétrica 13 trechos de riachos de Mata Atlântica com estado de conservação variável, localizados na parte superior da bacia do alto rio Paranapanema. Os pontos amostrais foram ranqueados pelo índice de hábitat fisico. Riachos mais presevados apresentaram mais galhos, troncos, matacões e blocos no substrato, maior variabilidade de meso-hábitats e maior quantidade de raízes, troncos e rochas nas margens. As correlações canônicas explicaram mais de 90% da variabilidade dos dados. A riqueza e o número de indivíduos de invertívoros aumentaram em riachos mais preservados, enquanto que a riqueza de carnívoros e o número de indivíduos onívoros diminuíram. Estes resultados demonstram que a estrutura trófica varia em resposta ao nível de preservação, e que a riqueza de invertívoros é o melhor indicador de respostas da estrutura trófica às alterações do hábitat em riachos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Ecosystem , Trophic Levels/analysis , Fishes , Carnivora , Biomass
4.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 41: e45872, 20190000. map, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460877

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to validate the colonization process on natural and artificial substrates by benthic invertebrates in a tropical stream in South Brazil. The samples were performed in July and August-2012, and 32 samplers were used, being 16 natural and 16 artificial substrates. In each sample, two replicas were taken for each substrate at the 2th, 4th, 7th, 14th, 21th28th, 35th and 42thdays of colonization. The organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. In both substrates 3,070 benthic invertebrates were detected, of which 1,753 individuals were collected on the natural substrate, and 1,317 on the artificial substrate. From the identified taxa 8.5% were not dominant (Anacroneuria, Orthocladiinae, Tupiara, Smicridea, Baetodes, Tupiperla, Macrogynoplax, Gripopteryx, Cylloepus, Macrelmis, Microcylloepus, Hetaerina, Argia, Coryphaeschna, Atopsyche, Pomacea, Corydalus, Leptohyphes and Eccoptura), and31.5% were dominant (Tanypodinae, Chironominae, and Paragripopteryx). The genus Simulium was very common, dominant and abundant, representing 65% of the collected individuals. No significant difference was found in the abundance and species composition between artificial and natural substrates. On the natural substrate, the higher colonization index was at the 35th day with 459 individuals, and the lowest was at the 14th day, with 87. On the artificial substrate the highest index was at the 42thday with 337 individuals, and the lowest was at the 4th day, with 85. Both natural and artificial substrates are efficient in characterizing the benthic community. In the evaluation of the ecological succession, it was not possible to observe a pattern that described the process, since the composition was nearly constant throughout the study period.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Benthic Fauna/analysis , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis
5.
Cienc. tecnol. salud ; 6(1): 34-42, 2019. ^c27 cmilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025506

ABSTRACT

Volvariella bombycina es una especie de hongo saprófito comestible que crece en troncos de árboles muertos y sobre la cual existe abundante información acerca de su sabor y propiedades nutricionales y medicinales. En Guatemala esta especie se consume en diversas regiones templado-cálidas del país, pero a la fecha no existe ningún estudio sobre su cultivo a nivel local. La presente investigación se realizó con el fin de conocer el comportamiento de tres cepas guatemaltecas de V. bombycina cultivadas en desechos agroindustriales. Las cepas fueron aisladas de basidiomas recolectados en bosques cercanos a la Ciudad de Guatemala, utilizándose medio PDA para el aislamiento y temperatura de 30 ºC para incubación. En la producción de inóculo se calculó la tasa de extensión radial (RER) sobre granos de sorgo y trigo en cajas de Petri. Para la obtención de basidiomas se evaluaron seis sustratos de desechos agrícolas: pasto jaraguá, caña y olote de maíz, rastrojo de frijol, paja de trigo, paja de arroz y tronco de tonché (Ipomoea murucoides), en frascos de vidrio. Se encontró que no hubo diferencia estadística significativa en el análisis de la RER entre las cepas VNPNU-01 y AADM-01 (p > .05), pero sí con la cepa VNPNU-02 (p < .05). Se obtuvieron basidiomas de V. bombycina en los seis sustratos evaluados, siendo la cepa AADM-01 la más productiva. De acuerdo con este estudio, las tres cepas guatemaltecas de V. bombycina pueden ser utilizadas en la producción de basidiomas en desechos agrícolas, lo que permitiría obtener un alimento nutritivo y generar ingresos a quienes deseen cultivar este hongo.


Volvariella bombycina is a species of edible saprophyte fungus that grows on logs of dead trees and about which there is information about its taste and nutritional and medicinal properties. In Guatemala this species is consumed in several warm regions of the country, but there is still no study on its cultivation locally. The present investigation was carried out in order to know the behavior of three Guatemalan strains of V. bombycina when cultivated in agricultural wastes. The strains were isolated from basidiomata collected in forests close to Guatemala City, using PDA medium and a temperature of 30ºC for incubation. In the inoculum production, the radial extension rate (RER) was calculated using sorghum and wheat grains in Petri dishes. For obtaining basidiomata, six agricultural wastes substrates were analyzed: grazing grass, cane and corn cob, stubble of bean, wheat straw, rice straw and tonché trunk (Ipomoea murucoides), in glass jars. There was found no significant difference in the statistical analysis of the RER with the VNPNU-01 and AADM-01 strains (p > .05), but it was significant with the VNPNU-02 strain (p > .05). Basidiomata of V. bombycina were obtained in the six substrates evaluated, being the AADM-01 strain the most productive. According to this evaluation, the three Guatemalan strains of V. bombycina can be used in the production of basidiomas using agricultural wastes, what would allow the production of a nutritious food and generate another income for those who want to grow this mushroom.


Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/growth & development , Volvariella/growth & development , Basidiomycota/isolation & purification , Crop Production , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Nutritive Value
6.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 16(2): [e170120], jun. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-948461

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at analyzing the energetic substrate (ES) in the main storage tissues of Steindachneridion parahybae, throughout the reproductive cycle in captivity. Differently from wild, in captivity, feeding is not interrupted during the reproductive period, the females do not spawn spontaneously, and they are sedentary. Adult females were sampled monthly and based on their histology and gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovaries were classified into: previtellogenic (PRV), vitellogenic (VTG), and regression (REG) stages. Ovaries at the VTG stage showed higher protein and lipids levels than at the PRV stage with a positive correlation between these substrates and the GSI. Muscle was the main source of proteins transferred to the ovaries, according to the negative correlation between these organs. Lipids remained unchanged in the liver, which is an important supplier in vitellogenesis, a pattern that probably occurs due to the continuous feeding. Muscular glycogen levels were higher at the VTG and REG than at the PRV stages. Plasma triglycerides were also higher during REG, while glucose levels were more elevated during the VTG stage. These results suggest that with constant food supply, the pattern of deposition of ES in S. parahybae is different from that described for other wild potamodromous species.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição do substrato energético (SE) nos principais tecidos de armazenamento de Steindachneridion parahybae, durante todo o ciclo reprodutivo em cativeiro. Diferentemente do ambiente natural, em cativeiro, a alimentação desses animais não é interrompida durante o período reprodutivo, as fêmeas não desovam espontaneamente, e são sedentárias. Fêmeas adultas foram amostradas mensalmente e baseada na histologia e no índice gonadossomático (IGS), os ovários foram classificados: estádios pré-vitelogênico (PRV), vitelogênico (VTG) e regressão (REG). Os ovários no estádio VTG apresentaram uma maior concentração de lipídeos e proteínas em relação ao estágio PRV. Esses substratos correlacionaram-se positivamente com o IGS. O músculo foi a principal fonte de proteína transferida aos ovários, como foi confirmado pela análise de correlação negativa entre esses órgãos. Os lipídeos mantiveram-se inalterados no fígado, considerado um importante órgão fornecedor de lipídeos para a vitelogênese, padrão que possivelmente ocorreu devido à contínua alimentação. A concentração do glicogênio muscular foi mais elevada durante os estágios VTG e REG em relação ao PRV. A concentração de triglicerídeos plasmática apresentou maiores valores no estádio REG enquanto a concentração de glicose no plasma foi maior durante os estádios VTG. Esses resultados sugerem que com alimentação constante, as fêmeas de S. parahybae apresentam um distinto padrão de mobilização dos substratos energéticos em relação ao que já foi descrito para outras espécies potamódromas de ambiente natural.(AU)


This study aimed at analyzing the energetic substrate (ES) in the main storage tissues of Steindachneridion parahybae, throughout the reproductive cycle in captivity. Differently from wild, in captivity, feeding is not interrupted during the reproductive period, the females do not spawn spontaneously, and they are sedentary. Adult females were sampled monthly and based on their histology and gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovaries were classified into: previtellogenic (PRV), vitellogenic (VTG), and regression (REG) stages. Ovaries at the VTG stage showed higher protein and lipids levels than at the PRV stage with a positive correlation between these substrates and the GSI. Muscle was the main source of proteins transferred to the ovaries, according to the negative correlation between these organs. Lipids remained unchanged in the liver, which is an important supplier in vitellogenesis, a pattern that probably occurs due to the continuous feeding. Muscular glycogen levels were higher at the VTG and REG than at the PRV stages. Plasma triglycerides were also higher during REG, while glucose levels were more elevated during the VTG stage. These results suggest that with constant food supply, the pattern of deposition of ES in S. parahybae is different from that described for other wild potamodromous species.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Catfishes/metabolism , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Animal Feed/analysis , Glycogen
7.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(2): 316-323, Apr-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-746137

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes composições de substratos no crescimento inicial de Campomanesia xanthocarpa, bem como avaliar índices fisiológicos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Dourados-MS, no período de janeiro a outubro de 2008. Foi estudada a Campomanesia xanthocarpa sob cinco diferentes substratos (LVd/A/O= Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico+areia grossa lavada+Organosuper® (5:4:1 v/v); LVd/A/C= Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico+areia grossa lavada+cama-de-frango (5:4:1 v/v); LVd/A/O2= Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico+areia grossa lavada+Organosuper® (7:2:1 v/v); LVd/A/C2= Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico+areia grossa lavada+cama-de-frango (7:2:1 v/v); LVd/A= Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico+areia grossa lavada (6:4 v/v)), em vasos de 7 dm3, e mantidos em ambiente protegido com 100% de luminosidade. O substrato composto por Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico + areia grossa lavada proporcionou maior diâmetro de caule (8,29 mm), massa seca de raiz, caule e folhas (6,98; 4,49 e 9,06 g/planta, respectivamente) e aumento nos índices fisiológicos nas avaliações finais, indicando que este substrato pode ser utilizado no desenvolvimento de Campomanesia xanthocarpa.


ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different compositions of substrates on the initial growth of Campomanesia xanthocarpa and to evaluate the physiological rate. The study was conduct in the city of Dourados - state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the period from January to October 2008. The Campomanesia xanthocarpa was studying under five different substrates (LVd/A/O= Oxisol+coarse sand+Organosuper® (5:4:1 v/v); LVd/A/C= Oxisol+ coarse sand+ chicken manure (5:4:1 v/v); LVd/A/O2= Oxisol+ coarse sand+Organosuper® (7:2:1 v/v); LVd/A/C2= Oxisol+ coarse sand+chicken manure (7:2:1 v/v); LVd/A= Oxisol+ coarse sand (6:4 v/v)) in 7 dm3 pots and kept in a protected environment with 100% brightness. The substrate consisting of Oxisol + coarse sand provided greater stem diameter (8.29 mm), dry weight of the root, stem and leaf (6.98, 4.49 and 9.06 g / plant, respectively) and increased the physiological indices in the final evaluations, which indicates that this substrate can be used in the development of Campomanesia xanthocarpa.


Subject(s)
Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Myrtaceae/growth & development , Physiological Phenomena
8.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(4,supl.1): 685-692, 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770363

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Piper hispidum é uma espécie pioneira pertencente à família Piperaceae, com importância na medicina popular e na obtenção de óleo essencial. Assim como outras espécies da família, possui poucas informações sobre técnicas de cultivo. O objetivo foi avaliar a propagação via estaquia de Piper hispidum em função do tipo de substrato e estaca em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 (estacas) x 5 (substratos), com três repetições de 12 estacas, sendo as estacas (apical, mediana e basal) e os substratos (areia lavada, substrato comercial, solo + esterco de aves, solo + casca de guaraná e fibra de coco). Foram avaliadas: enraizamento (%), número de brotações, comprimento da maior brotação (cm), número de folhas, comprimento da maior raiz (cm), massa seca da raiz (g) e massa seca das brotações (g). Foi realizada análise de variância pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade e para as médias foi realizado o teste Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Recomenda-se utilizar estacas apicais e basais, nesta ordem. Ocorreu interação entre os fatores substrato e tipos de estaca somente para variável número de brotações. Os substratos areia lavada e substrato comercial são indicados para maiores porcentagens de enraizamento com 81,56% e 81,33%, respectivamente. O enraizamento foi superior nas estacas apicais (85,67%) e basais (74,47%). Porém, para esta espécie os substratos solo + esterco de aves e/ou solo + casca de guaraná foram mais indicados quando o objetivo é obter estacas de qualidade.


ABSTRACT Piper hispidum is a pioneer species belonging to the family Piperaceae, with relevance in popular medicine and in obtaining essential oil. As other species of this family, there is little information about cultivation techniques. The aim of this work was to evaluate the propagation through cutting from the Piper hispidum according to the type of substrate and cutting technique in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The trial experiment was conducted at the Embrapa Western Amazon. The design was completely randomized factorial 3 x 5, with three replications of 12 cuttings with types of cuttings (apical, median and basal) and substrates (washed sand, commercial substrate, soil + poultry manure, soil + guarana shell and coconut fiber). After 60 days, the following characteristics were evaluated: rooting (%), number of shoots, length of the largest sprouting (cm), number of leaves, length of the longest root (cm), root dry weight (g) and dry weight of shoots (g). An analysis of variance was performed by the F test at 5% probability and for the averages` comparison the Tukey test was done at 5% level of probability. It is recommended to employ apical and basal cuttings, respectively. There was interaction between the factors and substrate types of cuttings only for the variable number of sprouts. These two substrates, washed sand and commercial substrate, are suggested for higher percentages of rooting with 81,56% and 81,33 %, respectively. The rooting was higher in the apical cuttings (85,67 %) and basal ones (74,47 % ). However, for this species, the substrates soil + poultry manure and/or soil + guaraná shell were most indicated when the goal was to obtain high-quality cuttings.


Subject(s)
Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Piperaceae/classification , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Culture Techniques/instrumentation
9.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(1): 1-9, 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-703715

ABSTRACT

Os compostos fenólicos encontrados no extrato das folhas de maracujazeiro doce (Passiflora alata Curtis) são os principais responsáveis pelos efeitos terapêuticos, incluindo a atividade ansiolítica. O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito de diferentes espécies de fungo micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e doses de fósforo sobre a bioprodução de fenóis totais, bem como, o crescimento vegetal e os conteúdos de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na massa da matéria seca da parte aérea do maracujazeiro doce. O experimento, fatorial 4x2, foi conduzido em um telado com quatro tratamentos microbiológicos: Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, inóculo misto (Glomus clarum e Gigaspora margarita) e o controle sem fungo, e duas doses de fósforo: 0 e 50 mg kg-1 de solo. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As plantas foram colhidas 90 dias após a semeadura. Na ausência da adubação fosfatada, o conteúdo de fenóis totais, a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e o número de folhas foram maiores nos tratamentos inoculados com FMAs, quando comparados ao tratamento sem fungo. Plantas com inóculo misto apresentaram maior altura com ou sem adubação fosfatada. Os tratamentos inoculados com FMAs, tanto na dose 0 quanto na dose 50 mg kg-1 de P incrementaram os conteúdos de N, P e K na parte aérea do maracujazeiro doce, evidenciando a capacidade dos FMAs em promover o melhor estado nutricional das plantas.


The phenolic compounds found in extracts from leaves of sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata) are mainly responsible for its therapeutic effects, such as the anxiolytic activity. This study evaluated the effects of different species of mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus levels on the bioproduction of total phenols, as well as plant growth and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the dry mass of shoots of sweet passion fruit. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The factors were arranged in a :[(microbiological treatments: Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, mixed inoculum (Glomus clarum and Gigaspora margarita) and without fungus] x 2 (doses of phosphorus: 0 and 50 mg kg-1 soil) factorial arrangement, in a randomized block experimental design with four replications. The plants were harvested 90 days after seeding. In the absence of phosphate fertilization, the total phenol content, dry mass of shoot and leaf number were greater in treatments inoculated with AMF compared to the treatments without fungus. Mixed inoculum plants had higher plant height with or without phosphate fertilization. Treatments inoculated with AMF in both the 0 and 50 mg kg-1 doses of P increased the content of N, P and K in the shoots of sweet passion fruit, demonstrating the ability of AMF to promote better nutritional statusfin plants.


Subject(s)
Passiflora/classification , Phenolic Compounds/adverse effects , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Mycorrhizae/isolation & purification
10.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(1): 10-17, 2014. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-703716

ABSTRACT

Uma das etapas mais importantes na produção do manjericão é o desenvolvimento das mudas. Nesta etapa, o cuidado com o recipiente e o substrato é essencial, pois afetam diretamente o crescimento e a arquitetura do sistema radicular, bem como, o fornecimento de nutrientes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) influenciadas pelo tipo e densidade de diferentes substratos, cultivadas em bandejas de poliestireno com diferentes números de células. O experimento foi conduzido na área de Jardinocultura da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) em Dourados - MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x3x5, sendo três tipos de bandejas de poliestireno expandido com 72, 128 e 200 células com volumes internos de 124,3; 44,8 e 17,7 mL, respectivamente. Três tipos de substratos comerciais (PlantMax Florestais®; Tropstrato Vida Verde® e PlantMax Hortaliças HA®), e cinco densidades de substratos (0,36; 0,42; 0,48; 0,54 e 0,60 kg dm-3). Decorridos 78 dias após a emergência das plantas avaliou-se alturas das plantas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e sistema radicular, e comprimento de raízes. A produção de mudas comerciais de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) foi melhor com o uso do substrato Tropstrato Vida Verde® na bandeja de 72 células associado com a densidade de 0,47 kg dm-3.


One of the most important stages in the production of basil is the development of seedlings. In this step, care with the container and the substrate is essential, because it directly affects the root growth and architecture, as well as the supply of nutrients. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the development of basil seedlings (Ocimum basilicum L.) influenced by the type and density of different substrates, grown in polystyrene trays with different cell numbers. The experiment was conducted at the Gardening area of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD) inDourados-MS, Brazil.The experimental design was a randomized block with fivereplications, with treatments arranged in a 3x3x5 factorial design, with three types of polystyrene trays with 72, 128 and 200 cells, with internal volumes of 124.3; 44.8 and 17.7 mL, respectively. We used three types of substrates (PlantMax Florestais®; Tropstrato Vida Verde®and PlantMax Hortaliças HA®) and five densities of substrate (0.36, 0.42, 0.48, 0.54 and 0.60 kg dm-3). After 78 days of plant emergence, we evaluatedthem regarding: plant height, fresh and dry shoot and root, and root length. The commercial production of basil seedlings was improved with the use of the substrate Tropstrato Vida Verde® in a 72 cell tray associated with the density of 0.47 kg dm-3.


Subject(s)
Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Ocimum basilicum/growth & development , Crop Production , Cell Count , Plant Breeding
11.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(2): 271-274, jun. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-711787

ABSTRACT

Bandejas com diferente número de células (128, 200 e 288) e dois substratos (fibra de casca de coco e casca de pinus) foram avaliados para a produção de mudas de tomilho e sobre o desempenho das plantas em sistema hidropônico. Para ambos os experimentos, o delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso. As mudas provenientes de estaquia foram avaliadas aos 30 dias quanto ao comprimento e massa seca de raízes. Aos 40 dias após o transplante das mudas, as plantas cultivadas em sistema hidropônico foram avaliadas quanto à massa fresca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca das raízes. A maior massa seca de raízes foi obtida para as mudas cultivadas em substrato à base de casca de fibra de coco. As mudas com maior comprimento de raízes foram obtidas nas bandejas com 128 e 200 células. As plantas de tomilho provenientes de mudas produzidas em bandejas de 128 células apresentaram maior massa fresca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca das raízes.


Trays with different number of cells (128, 200 and 288) and two substrates (coir and pine bark-based) were studied for thyme seedling production and plant development in hydroponic system. In both experiments, experimental design was in randomized blocks. Seedlings from cuttings were evaluated at 30 days as to root length and dry matter. At 40 days after transplanting, plants grown in hydroponic system were evaluated for shoot fresh matter, shoot dry matter and root dry matter. The highest root dry matter was detected in seedlings grown in coir-based substrate. Seedlings that presented the greatest root length were obtained by using trays with 128 and 200 cells. Thyme plants from seedlings produced in trays with 128 cells had higher shoot fresh matter, shoot dry matter and root dry matter.


Subject(s)
Thymus serpyllum/classification , Hydroponics/methods , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Plant Bark/classification
12.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 14(spe): 188-191, 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-648546

ABSTRACT

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de doses de cinzas em diferentes substratos no enraizamento de estacas de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum). O experimento foi conduzido em área do Núcleo de Capacitação e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, em Belém. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, constituído pelas combinações entre os fatores substratos (casca de arroz carbonizada e casca de castanha triturada) e acréscimo de cinzas (5 mL e 10 mL de cinza de casca de arroz, 5 mL e 10 mL de cinza de casca de castanha e sem cinza) com 4 repetições. Cada unidade experimental foi constituída por 10 estacas, num total de 400 estacas. Foram avaliadas as características percentual de enraizamento de estacas, número e comprimento de raízes. Não houve interações significativas entre os fatores avaliados (substrato e cinzas). Entre as características avaliadas o substrato casca de arroz carbonizada apresentou diferenças apenas no comprimento da raiz e no número de raízes, enquanto as dosagens de cinzas apresentaram diferenças apenas no percentual de enraizamento. O trabalho permitiu concluir que as dosagens de cinzas apresentaram efeito positivo sobre o enraizamento das estacas de manjericão, assim como o substrato a base de casca de arroz carbonizada propiciou melhores condições para o desenvolvimento das raízes. Assim, a casca de arroz é uma alternativa totalmente viável, pois além de apresentar características apropriadas para o enraizamento também possui baixo custo de aquisição, estando ao alcance de muitos produtores.


The study aimed to evaluate the influence of ash doses on different substrates on the stem rooting of basil (Ocimum basilicum). The experiment was conducted in the area of core training and research at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, in Belém, used a completely randomized design, factorial scheme 2 x 5 consisting of the combinations of the factors substrate (carbonized rice husk and bark brown ground) and increase ash (5 mL and 10 mL of rice husk ash 5 mL and 10 mL of husk ash and brown bark no gray) with four repetitions. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 cuttings, a total of 400 cuttings. Was evaluated the characteristics percentage of rooting, number and length of roots. There was no significant interaction between the factors evaluated (substrate and ash). Among the characteristics evaluated the carbonized rice showed only differences in root length and root number, while the levels of ash showed only differences in rooting percentage. The study revealed that the dosages of ash had a positive effect on rooting of cuttings of basil, as well as the substrate prepared with rice hulls provided the best conditions for root development. Thus, the rice husk is an alternative, as well as presenting features suitable for rooting also has a low cost of acquisition, being within reach of many producers.


Subject(s)
Ash/methods , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Plant Roots , Ocimum basilicum/growth & development , Plant Bark/adverse effects
13.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 14(4): 611-616, 2012. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-664011

ABSTRACT

Melaleuca alternifolia tem como produto principal o óleo essencial extraído das folhas devido às propriedades antifúngicas e antibacterianas. Pouco se tem relatado sobre a propagação desta espécie, sendo a miniestaquia uma alternativa para a propagação vegetativa de clones superiores visando à implantação de campo de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos, concentrações de AIB, e tipo de miniestaca, no enraizamento de Melaleuca alternifolia. No primeiro experimento foram testados os substratos, areia de granulometria média, Plantmax HT®, Golden-Mix® e vermiculita. No segundo experimento foram avaliadas diferentes concentrações de AIB (0, 500, 1000 e 2000 mg L-1), em dois tipos de miniestacas (apical e mediana). As miniestacas foram confeccionadas com 5 cm de comprimento, mantidas em casa de vegetação com nebulização intermitente, e, após 45 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as porcentagens de miniestacas enraizadas, com calos e não responsivas, o número de raízes formadas por miniestaca e o comprimento das três maiores raízes (cm). O substrato Golden-Mix® e as miniestacas coletadas da porção apical do ramo submetidas ao tratamento com 500 mg L-1 de AIB apresentaram maior porcentagem de enraizamento e melhor qualidade do sistema radicial.


Melaleuca alternifolia has as major product the essential oil extracted from its leaves due to its antifungal and antibacterial properties. There are scarce reports about the propagation of this species, and minicutting is an alternative for vegetative propagation of superior clones in order to establish a production field. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different substrates, IBA levels and types of minicuttings on the rooting of Melaleuca alternifolia. In the first experiment, the following substrates were tested: medium sand, Plantmax HT®, Golden-Mix® and vermiculite. In the second experiment, different IBA levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg L-1) were tested for two minicutting types (apical and medium). Minicuttings were prepared with 5 cm length and were kept in a greenhouse with intermittent mist; then, at 45 days after planting, we evaluated: the percentages of rooted minicuttings, with callus and non-responsive, the number of roots per minicutting and the length of the three longest roots. The substrate Golden-Mix® and the minicuttings collected from the apical part of the branch and treated with 500 mg L-1 IBA presented the largest rooting percentage and the best root system quality.


Subject(s)
Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Melaleuca/growth & development , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Oils, Volatile/analysis
14.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(3): 265-270, 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601031

ABSTRACT

Com objetivo de avaliar a produção de biomassa e absorção de N e P pela Pfaffia glomerata em função de doses de N e P, foi realizado o presente trabalho, em casa de vegetação, utilizando como substrato Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, coletado na camada de 0 - 20 cm. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, sendo cinco doses de N (0, 125, 250, 375 e 500 mg vaso-1) e cinco doses de P (0, 125, 250, 375 e 500 mg vaso-1). As variáveis analisadas foram altura de plantas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e radicular e teores de N e P na parte aérea e radicular. Os resultados evidenciaram efeito interativo do N e P, em todas as variáveis analisadas, exceto com relação ao teor de P na parte aérea e radicular. A produção de biomassa e absorção de N e P pela Pfaffia glomerata foi influenciada pelas doses de N e P utilizadas no experimento e para a produtividade ótima das características avaliadas, as doses de N variaram entre 42,9 e 346,01 mg vaso-1 e as doses de P entre os valores de 72,02 e 500 mg vaso-1.


With the aim of evaluating biomass production and N and P uptake by Pfaffia glomerata according to N and P levels, the present study was carried out in a greenhouse, using as substrate Oxisol collected at the layer 0 - 20 cm. Experimental design was completely randomized, with three replicates and treatments arranged in 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, with five N levels (0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg pot-1) and five P levels (0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg pot-1). The assessed parameters were plant height, shoot and root fresh and dry matter, and N and P levels in shoot and roots. Results evidenced an interactive effect of N and P for all studied variables, except for N and P levels in shoot and roots. Biomass production and N and P uptake by Pfaffia glomerata were influenced by the N and P levels used in the experiment, whereas the optimal productivity was obtained with N levels ranging between 42.9 and 346.01 mg pot-1 and P levels between 72.02 and 500 mg pot-1.


Subject(s)
Absorption , Amaranthaceae/growth & development , Biomass , Phosphorus Compounds/analysis , Nitrogen Compounds/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Plants, Medicinal , Manure/analysis , Brazil , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis
15.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(3): 271-275, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601032

ABSTRACT

O gerânio (Pelargonium graveolens L.) é uma planta medicinal e aromática nativa do sul da África, cujo óleo essencial é amplamente empregado nas indústrias de perfumaria e cosmético, além de ser usado como terapêutico. Avaliou-se o efeito da luminosidade e dos reguladores de crescimento BAP e ANA na multiplicação in vitro e o uso de diferentes substratos na aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas. Foram avaliadas as concentrações 0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP, 0; 0,1 e 0,5 mg L-1 de ANA e duas condições de luminosidade (ausência e presença de luz), em esquema fatorial 4x3x2; para a aclimatização foram utilizados quatro substratos, pó de coco + Biosafra® (3-12-6) (12 g L-1) + calcário (1 g L-1) (PCBC); pó de coco + Biosafra® (3-12-6) (12 g L-1) + calcário (1 g L-1) + vermiculita (1:1) (PCBCV 1:1); pó de coco + Biosafra® (3-12-6) (12 g L­-1) + calcário (1 g L-1) + vermiculita (PCBCV 2:1) e vermiculita e adição semanal de sais MS (VS). Para a micropropagação de P. graveolens a utilização de 1,3 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,5 mg L-1 de ANA é eficiente na regeneração direta de plantas de gerânio, sendo a condição de escuro a mais indicada por proporcionar o maior número de brotos por explante. Para a aclimatização das mudas de gerânio, os melhores resultados foram obtidos em mudas aclimatizadas no substrato vermiculita com adição semanal de sais de MS seguido do substrato PCBCV 1:1.


Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant native to the south of Africa and whose essential oil is widely used by perfume and cosmetic industries, as well as in therapeutics. The effect of luminosity and growth regulators BAP and NAA on in vitro multiplication was evaluated, together with the use of different substrates on the acclimatization of micropropagated seedlings. The evaluated concentrations were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 BAP; 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA; and two luminosity conditions (absence and presence of light), in a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. For acclimatization, four substrates were tested: coconut dust + Biosafra® (3-12-6) (12 g L-1) + limestone (1 g L-1) (CDBL); coconut dust + Biosafra® (3-12-6) (12 g L-1) + limestone (1 g L-1) + vermiculite (1:1) (CDBLV 1:1); coconut dust + Biosafra® (3-12-6) (12 g L-1) + limestone (1 g L-1) + vermiculite (CDBLV 2:1); and vermiculite with weekly addition of MS salts (VS). For P. graveolens micropropagation, the use of 1.3 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA is efficient for the direct regeneration of geranium plants, and the dark condition is the most suitable since it provides a larger number of shoots per explant. For the acclimatization of geranium seedlings, the best results were obtained with seedlings acclimatized in the substrate vermiculite with weekly addition of MS salts, followed by the substrate CDBLV 1:1.


Subject(s)
Geranium/growth & development , In Vitro Techniques , Seeds/growth & development , Seeds/embryology , Culture Techniques/methods , Analysis of Variance , Photic Stimulation/methods , Plants, Medicinal , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Substrates for Biological Treatment/statistics & numerical data
16.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(3): 276-281, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601033

ABSTRACT

Apesar de vários usos na cultura popular, poucos trabalhos vêm sendo desenvolvidos em relação ao cultivo do manjericão, sendo a maior parte dos estudos relacionada à identificação dos compostos químicos e à farmacologia. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes luminosidades e substratos na emergência, crescimento inicial e qualidade de mudas de manjericão. Utilizaram-se três substratos (substrato comercial Plantmax®, mistura de terra + areia + cama de frango (1:1:1) e terra + areia + Plantmax® (1:1:1) e dois níveis de luminosidade (Pleno Sol e 50 por cento). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 (Luz) x 3 (Substratos), com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se diariamente o percentual e o índice de velocidade de emergência, e aos 60 dias após a semeadura, o crescimento e a qualidade da muda. Os substratos e níveis de luz não alteraram a porcentagem de emergência das plântulas, entretanto a velocidade de emergência foi maior em Plantmax quando em pleno sol e não diferiu entre os substratos em 50 por cento de sombreamento. No substrato terra + areia + cama-de-frango e a pleno sol as mudas apresentaram maior crescimento e qualidade. Recomenda-se a semeadura direta do manjericão em terra + areia + cama de frango pois evita-se o transplante minimizando as perdas e a necessidade de mão de obra.


Although sweet basil has been frequently used in popular culture, few studies have been developed concerning its cultivation, and most of them are related to the identification of its chemical compounds and pharmacology. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different luminosities and substrates on the emergence, initial growth and quality of sweet basil seedlings. Three substrates (Plantmax® commercial substrate, a mixture of soil + sand + chicken manure (1:1:1), and soil + sand + Plantmax® (1:1:1) were used, together with two light levels (Full sun and 50 percent). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in 2 (Light) x 3 (Substrates) factorial arrangement with four replicates. The emergence percentage and velocity index were daily evaluated, and at 60 days after sowing seedling growth and quality were also evaluated. The substrates and light levels did not alter the percentage of seedling emergence; however, the emergence velocity was higher in Plantmax and full sun but did not differ among substrates under 50 percent shading. In the substrate soil + sand + chicken manure and full sun, seedlings had higher growth and quality. It is recommended thus that sweet basil be directly sown in soil + sand + chicken manure since it prevents transplanting, minimizing losses and the need of labor.


Subject(s)
Plant Shoots/growth & development , Efficiency/physiology , Ocimum basilicum/anatomy & histology , Ocimum basilicum/growth & development , Photic Stimulation , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Therapeutics/statistics & numerical data
17.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(1): 90-97, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582767

ABSTRACT

A determinação de substratos alternativos viáveis para a produção de mudas de plantas medicinais é de grande relevância, pois o aproveitamento de resíduos de atividades agrícolas representa alternativa para problemas ambientais e sociais. Os experimentos foram realizados em ambiente protegido e a campo, na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, com o objetivo de avaliar substratos orgânicos para produção de mudas de hortelã para cultivo a campo. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial, sendo avaliados quatro substratos [esterco bovino + vermiculita + areia (1:1:1), esterco bovino + areia + solo (1:1:1), solo + vermiculita + cama-de-aviário (1:1:1) e substrato organo-mineral Plantmax® HA] e duas espécies de menta (Mentha gracilis e Mentha x villosa). Foram analisadas a altura da plantas e o número de folhas aos 07, 14 e 21 dias após o transplantio, índice de mortalidade, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Não houve interação entre as espécies de menta e substratos para as variáveis analisadas. O substrato organo-mineral Plantmax® apresentou os melhores resultados para o número de folhas (8,44), altura (8,46 cm), produção de massa fresca (1,56 g planta-1), seca (0,23 g planta-1) e 100 por cento de pegamento de mudas a campo o que para o produtor de menta é de grande interesse. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que para a produção de mudas de Mentha gracilis e Mentha villosa o substrato Plantmax® HA é o mais recomendado.


The determination of viable alternative substrates is of great importance for the production of medicinal seedlings since the use of residues from agricultural activities represents an alternative to solve environmental and social problems. The experiments were carried out in protected environment and in the field, located in the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Dois Vizinhos Campus, Paraná State, Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate organic substrates for the production of mint seedlings in the field. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three replicates, in a factorial arrangement evaluating four substrates [bovine manure + vermiculite + sand (1:1:1); bovine manure + sand + soil (1:1:1); soil + vermiculite + poultry manure (1:1:1); and the organomineral substrate Plantmax® HA] and two mint species (Mentha gracilis and Mentha x villosa). Plant height and leaf number were evaluated at 07, 14 and 21 days after transplanting, besides death rate and fresh and dry matter of shoots and roots. There was no interaction between mint species and substrates for the evaluated variables. The organomineral substrate Plantmax® HA presented the best results for leaf number (8.44), height (8.46 cm), fresh matter (1.56 g plant-1), dry matter (0.23 g plant-1) and set (100 percent seedlings in the field), which is of great interest for the mint producer. Based on these results, we concluded that the substrate Plantmaxâ HA is the most recommended for the production of Mentha x villosa and Mentha gracilis seedlings.


Subject(s)
Mentha/growth & development , Organic Agriculture , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Organic Load , Plants, Medicinal/growth & development
18.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(2): 151-156, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-596388

ABSTRACT

Brosimum gaudichaudii Tréc. (mama-cadela) é uma planta medicinal nativa do Cerrado, utilizada na medicina tradicional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a possibilidade de propagação de mama-cadela por meio de estacas de raízes, sob o efeito de reguladores de crescimento e de diferentes substratos. No experimento 1 foram avaliados os efeitos da aplicação de ácido indol-butírico (AIB) e ácido naftaleno-acético (ANA) na concentração de 1000 mg L-1 e três substratos (S1- areia; S2 - 75 por cento de areia + 25 por cento de substrato comercial; S3 - 50 por cento de areia + 50 por cento de substrato comercial). No experimento 2 foram avaliadas 4 doses de AIB: 0 - testemunha; 250 mg L-1 (1,3426 mM ); 500 mg L-1 (2,6853 mM) e 1000 mg L-1 (5,3706 mM); e 4 doses de ácido naftaleno-acético (ANA): 0 - testemunha; 250 mg L-1 (1,2295 mM); 500 mg L-1 (2,458 mM); e 1000 mg L-1 (4,918 mM). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições de seis estacas por parcela. No experimento 1, os substratos compostos por areia e areia (75 por cento) + substrato comercial (25 por cento) proporcionaram os maiores Índices de pegamento. A aplicação de AIB (1000 mg L-1) proporcionou aumentos relativos de 30,8 por cento e 51,3 por cento, no IMP quando comparada com a testemunha e a aplicação de ANA, respectivamente. No experimento 2, observou-se resposta quadrática significativa da aplicação de AIB sobre o IMP. A dose de 500 mg L-1 (2,6853 mM) promoveu maior IMP. Não houve efeito significativo das doses de ANA para os parâmetros avaliados. Não houve efeito significativo relevante de substratos ou hormônios sobre os demais parâmetros avaliados. Estes resultados evidenciam o potencial de utilização de estacas de raiz de mama-cadela para a produção de mudas clonais desta espécie.


Brosimum gaudichaudii Tréc. (mama-cadela) is a medicinal plant native to Cerrado and largely used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to verify the propagation of mama-cadela by means of root cutting under the effect of plant growth regulators and different substrates. In experiment 1, the effects of indole butyric acid (IBA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) at the concentration of 1000 mg L-1 were evaluated together with three substrates (S1 - sand; S2 - 75 percent sand + 25 percent commercial substrate; S3 - 50 percent sand + 50 percent commercial substrate). In experiment 2, 4 IBA levels were evaluated: 0 - control; 250 mg L-1 (1.3426 mM ); 500 mg L-1 (2.6853 mM) and 1000 mg L-1 (5.3706 mM), as well as 4 NAA levels: 0 - control; 250 mg L-1 (1.2295 mM); 500 mg L-1 (2.458 mM) and 1000 mg L-1 (4.918 mM). The adopted experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replicates of six cuttings per plot. In experiment 1, substrates containing sand and sand (75 percent) + commercial substrate (25 percent) promoted the highest average rooting indexes. Application of IBA (1000 mg L-1) led to increases of 30.8 percent and 51.3 percent in the average rooting indexes compared to control and NAA application, respectively. In experiment 2, there was a significant quadratic response of IBA application on the average rooting index. The level of 500 mg L-1 (2.6853 mM) promoted the highest average rooting index. There was no significant effect of NAA levels for the evaluated parameters. Similarly, there was no significant effect of substrates or hormones on the remaining parameters evaluated. These results show the potential use of mama-cadela root cuttings for the production of clonal seedlings of this species.


Subject(s)
Crop Production , Brosimum gaudichaudii , Plant Shoots/growth & development , Plants, Medicinal/growth & development , Plants, Medicinal/genetics , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Substrates for Biological Treatment/statistics & numerical data
19.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(4): 382-388, 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-611457

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar características fisiológicas, morfológicas e a produção de inflorescências em cultura de Calendula officinalis em função do fornecimento de cama-de-frango de corte semidecomposta. O experimento conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico contou com quatro tratamentos, a testemunha, cama incorporada, cama em cobertura e cama em cobertura (50 por cento) mais incorporada (50 por cento) na dose 20 t ha-1. Empregou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com seis repetições. Os valores de matéria fresca e seca dos capítulos florais decresceram com o tempo de cultivo. As formas de fornecimento da cama-de-frango não interferiram na síntese de clorofila (44,812 µg cm-2), no metabolismo fotossintético (20,938 µmol m-2 s-1) e na transpiração das plantas (6,750 Mmol m-2 s-1), com valores mais elevados aos 112 dias após o transplantio. A maior produção total de capítulos foi observada sob cultivo com cama-de-frango 50 por cento incorporada e 50 por cento em cobertura (1361,16 kg ha-1) e a menor no tratamento testemunha (939,28 kg ha-1).


This study aimed to evaluate physiological and morphological characteristics of inflorescences in culture of Calendula officinalis according to the supply of semi-decomposed poultry manure. The experiment was conducted in dystrophic Red Latosol and included four treatments: control, incorporate litter, cover litter and cover (50 percent) incorporated (50 percent) litter at the level 20 t ha-1. The randomized split-plot block design was adopted, with six replicates. The values of fresh and dry matter of capitula decreased with the cultivation time. The forms of chicken manure supply did not interfere with chlorophyll synthesis (44.812 µg cm²) and photosynthetic metabolism (20.938 µmol m-2 s-1) and plant transpiration (6.750 Mmol m-2 s-1), with the highest values at 112 days after transplanting. At 126 days after transplanting, the highest production of capitula (16.0 capitula plant -1) was verified for the treatment cover (50 percent) incorporated (50 percent) litter, with the highest diameter (46 to 50mm) incorporated. The highest total production of capitula was observed for cultivation with 50 percent incorporated and 50 percent cover poultry manure (1362.16 kg ha-1) and the lowest production was noted for the control treatment (939.28 ha-1).


Subject(s)
Manure/analysis , Calendula/growth & development , Fertilizers , Flowers/growth & development , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Brazil , Plants, Medicinal/growth & development
20.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 12(2): 27-40, dic. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-590772

ABSTRACT

The quality of micropropagated plants relies on the acclimatization stage. This research intends to develop an efficient protocol to obtain the acclimatization of Phalaenopsis and Cattleya. Plants of Phalaenopsis obtained from protocorms were selected. They came from flowering stalks grown at modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium and classified by growth ranks and put into moss, mesquite wood shaving and perlite (1:1:1), into a humidity chamber. The protocorms were multiplied at MS from Cattleya sown in Knudson C (1946) medium; regenerated plants of 1-2 cm were selected, and implanted in humidity chamber on: moss, coal and perlite (1:1:1) MCP; mesquite wood shavings, coal and perlite (1:1:1) ACP; moss and perlite (1:1) MP; mesquite wood shaving and perlite (1:1) AP. The following results were obtained: Phalanopsis: a) Survival: 44% in R0 and 100% in RI and RII of the. b) Number of leaves: RI gave on average 1 more leaf than the range 0; c) Roots number and length: RI and RII gave on average 2 more roots than R0, and there were no significant differences in length. d) Height: RII presented greater growth than RI and Ro. Cattleya: a) The survival in MCP was 0%, MP 16 %, ACP 32% and AP 80%. b) The height in MP was significantly superior to the ones in ACP and AP. Plants from both genera need to achieve a 2 to 4 cm growth rank in vitro to endure the greenhouse conditions. MAP was the best substrate in Phalaenopsis and moss-perlite in Cattleya.


La calidad final de las plantas producidas por micropropagación depende de la etapa de aclimatización. Se intenta desarrollar un protocolo eficiente para la aclimatización de Phalaenopsis y Cattleya. Se seleccionaron plantas de Phalaenopsis, obtenidas de protocormos provenientes de estacas florales cultivadas en Murashige y Skoog modificado (MS) (1962), por rangos de crecimiento e implantadas en musgo, viruta de algarrobo y perlita (1:1:1), en cámara húmeda. De siembras de Cattleya en medio de Knudson C (1951) se multiplicaron protocormos en MS; se seleccionaron plantas regeneradas de 1-2 cm, e implantadas en cámara húmeda en los sustratos: musgo, carbón y perlita (1:1:1) MCP; viruta de algarrobo, carbón y perlita (1:1:1) ACP; musgo y perlita (1:1) MP; viruta de algarrobo y perlita (1:1) AP. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: en Phalaenopsis: a) Supervivencia: para R0 de 44% y RI y RII del 100%; b) número de hojas: RI generó en promedio 1 hoja más que el rango 0; c) número y longitud de raíces: RI y RII generaron en promedio dos raíces más que R0, no detectándose diferencias significativas en longitud; d) altura: RII presentó mayor crecimiento que RI y R0 En Cattleya: a) La supervivencia en MCP fue 0%, MP 16%, ACP 32% y AP 80%; b) La altura en MP resultó significativamente superior que en ACP y AP. Ambos géneros necesitan alcanzar un crecimiento de 2 a 4 cm in vitro para tolerar las condiciones de invernáculo. El mejor sustrato fue MAP en Phalaenopsis, y la mezcla musgo-perlita en Cattleya.


Subject(s)
Orchidaceae , Substrates for Biological Treatment/analysis , Substrates for Biological Treatment/methods , Orchidaceae/growth & development , Orchidaceae/enzymology , Orchidaceae/physiology , Orchidaceae/genetics , Orchidaceae/immunology , Orchidaceae/microbiology , Orchidaceae/chemistry
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