Pressure ulcers and acute risk factors in individuals with traumatic spinal fractures with or without spinal cord injuries: A prospective analysis of the National Spinal Column/Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR) data / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To identify risk factors for developing pressure ulcers (PUs) in the acute care period of traumatic spinal fracture patients with or without spinal cord injuries (SCIs).@*METHODS@#Data were collected prospectively in participating the National Spinal column/Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR) from individuals with traumatic spinal fractures with or without SCIs, inclusive of the hospital stay from admission to discharge. Trained nursing staff examined the patients for the presence of PUs every 8 h during their hospital stay. The presence and grade of PUs were assessed according to the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel classification. In addition to PU, following data were also extracted from the NSCIR-IR datasets during the period of 2015 - 2021: age, sex, Glasgow coma scale score at admission, having SCIs, marital status, surgery for a spinal fracture, American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS), urinary incontinence, level of education, admitted center, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), hypertension, respiratory diseases, consumption of cigarettes, diabetes mellitus and length of stay in the hospital. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).@*RESULTS@#Altogether 2785 participants with traumatic spinal fractures were included. Among them, 87 (3.1%) developed PU during their hospital stay and 392 (14.1%) had SCIs. In the SCI population, 63 (16.1%) developed PU during hospital stay. Univariate logistic regression for the whole sample showed that marital status, having SCIs, urinary incontinence, level of education, treating center, number of days in the ICU, age, and Glasgow coma scale score were significant predictors for PUs. However, further analysis by multiple logistic regression only revealed the significant risk factors to be the treating center, marital status, having SCIs, and the number of days in the ICU. For the subgroup of individuals with SCIs, marital status, AIS, urinary incontinence, level of education, the treating center, the number of days in the ICU and the number of days in the hospital were significant predictors for PUs by univariate analysis. After adjustment in the multivariate model, the treating center, marital status (singles vs. marrieds, OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.55 - 6.03, p = 0.001), and number of days in the ICU (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.09, p < 0.001) maintained significance.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These data confirm that individuals with traumatic spinal fractures and SCIs, especially single young patients who suffer from urinary incontinence, grades A-D by AIS, prolonged ICU stay, and more extended hospitalization are at increased risk for PUs; as a result strategies to minimize PU development need further refinement.

¿Supuración crónica o pseudoquiste infectado? Una complicación de la eventroplastia con malla / Chronic suppuration or infected pseudocyst? A complication of incisional hernia repair with mesh

RESUMEN Las infecciones crónicas posteriores a reparaciones de la pared abdominal pueden presentarse como colecciones que involucran a la malla y suelen obligar a su extracción, mientras que los pseudoquistes son colecciones estériles con una gruesa pared fibrótica que debe ser extirpada para lograr la curación. Presentamos una paciente de 75 años con antecedente de eventroplastia, que consultó por un tumor abdominal de 6 meses de evolución, con características imagenológicas de pseudoquiste parietal. Durante la operación se encontró una malla preperitoneal no integrada a los tejidos y rodeada de "biofilm" y líquido turbio. La prótesis se retiró fácilmente y la aponeurosis, muy engrosada, se cerró borde a borde. El posoperatorio transcurrió sin incidentes y el cultivo desarrolló estafilococo aureus sensible a trimetoprima-sufametoxazol. Seis meses después, la evolución fue favorable y sin signos de recidiva.

ABSTRACT Chronic infections after abdominal wall repairs may present as collections involving the mesh which usually require removing the mesh, while pseudocysts are sterile collections with a thick fibrotic wall that must be removed to achieve healing. We report the case of a 75-year-old female patient with a history incisional hernia repair who sought medical advice due to an abdominal tumor which appeared 6 months before consultation with imaging tests suggestive of an abdominal wall pseudocyst. Surgery revealed a preperitoneal mesh without tissue integration surrounded by biofilm and cloudy fluid. The mesh was easily removed and the edges of the thick aponeurosis were sutured. The postoperative period evolved uneventful and the fluid culture was positive for staphylococcus aureus sensitive to trimethoprim-sufamethoxazole. Six months later the patient evolved with favorable outcome without recurrence.

Clinical and morphological justification of the treatment of purulonecrotic lesion in deep structures of limb distal segment in pig: case report / [Justificativa clínica e morfológica do tratamento de lesão purulonecrótica em estruturas profundas do segmento distal de membros em porco: relato de caso]

Surgical pathology of the musculoskeletal system, and in particular the diseases of the limb distal segment in pigs are quite common. Their significant spread leads to economic losses due to culling, compulsory slaughter, short-received pig production and pig crop. The purpose of this work was to reveal clinical and morphological features of limb distal segment diseases in pigs and to study the possibility of preserving their health and productivity. The conservative treatment of purulonecrotic lesions in the deep structures of the limb distal segment in pigs is not promising. It is shown that the best way to treat a given pathology is amputation of a sick limb. The technique of carrying out exarticulation of talus shin consists in separation of soft tissues, capsule and ligaments, ligation of vessels, formation of stump. The postoperative recovery period of the animal body is 25 days.(AU)

A patologia cirúrgica do sistema musculoesquelético e, em particular, as doenças do segmento distal dos membros em suínos são bastante comuns. A sua propagação significativa leva a perdas econômicas devido ao abate seletivo, abate obrigatório, produção de suínos pouco recebida e colheita de suínos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revelar características clínicas e morfológicas das doenças do segmento distal de membros em suínos e estudar a possibilidade de preservar sua saúde e produtividade. O tratamento conservador das lesões purulonecróticas nas estruturas profundas do segmento distal do membro em porcos não é promissor. Fica estabelecido que a melhor forma de tratar uma determinada patologia é a amputação de um membro doente. A técnica de realizar a exarticulação da canela do talos consiste na separação dos tecidos moles, cápsula e ligamentos, ligadura dos vasos, formação do coto. O período de recuperação pós-operatória do corpo do animal é de 25 dias.(AU)

Anal abscess microbiology as an anal fistula predictor / Microbiologia de abscesso anal como preditivo de fístula anal

ABSTRACT In order to determine the microbiology of anal abscess as a predictor of anal fistulas in patients who attended the external consultation of the Coloproctology unit of the Dr. Antonio María Pineda University Central Hospital, a prospective, descriptive, longitudinal study was conducted from September 2018 to July 2019. In this study, the population consisted of patients with a diagnosis of anal abscess, without associated comorbidities or contraindications for surgery, who agreed to be included in the study. A non-probabilistic, intentional sample consisting of 42 patients was determined. An appointment-based study protocol was applied by outpatient for patients who met the inclusion criteria applied, to perform due medical history through anamnesis, physical examination and culture taking of suppuration from the anal abscess to subsequently establish medical and surgical behavior thereof. The results were expressed in absolute numbers and percentages, a prevalence of ischiorectal abscesses was observed, followed by deep post-anal space abscesses. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 100% of the sample. In all fistulized patients, E. Coli was isolated as a predominant germ.

RESUMO Um estudo prospectivo, descritivo e longitudinal foi realizado de setembro de 2018 a Julho 2019 para determinar a microbiologia do abscesso anal como preditivo de fístulas anais em pacientes que compareceram à consulta externa da unidade de Coloproctologia do Hospital Central da Universidade Dr. Antonio María Pineda. Neste estudo, a população foi composta por pacientes com diagnóstico de abscesso anal, sem comorbidades ou contraindicações associadas à cirurgia, que concordaram em participar do estudo. Uma amostra intencional não probabilística, composta por 42 pacientes foi determinada. Um protocolo de estudo com base na consulta em regime ambulatorial foi aplicado aos pacientes que atenderam os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos, para realizar a anamnese, o exame físico e a devida cultura da supuração do abscesso anal para posteriormente estabelecer o comportamento médico e cirúrgico. Os resultados foram expressos em números absolutos e porcentagens, observando-se a prevalência de abscessos isquiorretais, seguidos por abscessos profundos no espaço pós-anal. Bactérias anaeróbias foram isoladas em 100% das amostras. Em todos os pacientes com fístulas, E. Coli foi isolada como um germe predominante.

Empiema Necessitatis: reporte de un caso / Empyema Necessitatis: case report / Empiema Necessitatis: reporte de um caso

La formación de un absceso que se inicia en el espacio pleural y se extiende hacia los tejidos adyacentes se conoce como Empiema Necessitatis, es una complicación rara, más aún si es secundaria a traumatismo. El tratamiento temprano es vital y consiste en drenaje del empiema asociado a antibiótico de amplio espectro, hasta obtener cultivos del agente etiológico, con Mycobacterium tuberculosis como etiología más común. A continuación, reportamos el caso de un paciente de 47 años sin antecedentes de importancia, que ingresa inicialmente por politrauma por caída de altura, manejado de forma conservadora. Reingresa 15 días después por fiebre y aparición de masa en torácica. Se confirma, mediante tomografía de tórax contrastada, fistulización de una colección hacia tejidos blandos, por lo que se inicia manejo antibiótico y quirúrgico. Se aisló Staphylococcus aureus sensible. El paciente mejora y egresa para seguir manejo ambulatorio.

The Formation of an abscess in the pleural space that spreads through the adjacent tissues is known as Empyema Necessitatis, which is a rare complication, even more if it is secondary to trauma. An early management is vital and consists of a surgical drainage of empyema associated with broad-spectrum antibiotics until the etiologic agent is identified. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common etiology found. The article presents a report on a medical case of a 47 year-old patient without a significant personal medical history, who was initially admitted for polytrauma due to a fall from his own height. The trauma was treated in a conventional way. After 15 days, is admitted again with fever and a new mass in the wall chest. A CT tomography showed a pus fistulation from the pleural space through the soft tissues of the chest. A drainage was performed and broad-spectrum antibiotics were given until sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was identified. Finally, the patient got better and continued ambulatory management.

A formação de um abscesso que se inicia no espaço pleural e se estende aos tecidos adjacentes se conhece como Empiema Necessitatis, é uma complicação rara, mas ainda assim é secundária ao traumatismo. O tratamento precoce é vital e consiste em drenagem do empiema associado a antibiótico de amplo espectro, até obter cultivos do agente etiológico, com Mycobacterium tuberculosis como etiologia mais comum. A continuação, reportamos o caso de um paciente de 47 anos sem antecedentes de importância, que ingressa inicialmente por politrauma por queda de altura, manejado de forma conservadora. Reingressa 15 dias depois por febre e aparecimento de massa em torácica. Se confirma, mediante tomografia de tórax contrastada, fistulização de uma coleção aos tecidos moles, pelo que se inicia manejo antibiótico e cirúrgico. Se isolou Staphylococcus aureus sensível. O paciente melhora e egressa para seguir manejo ambulatório.

Success and survival rate of the implant with crestal sinus lift using S-reamer and gel-type graft material: A retrospective study by more 5-years follow check up / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the method using the S-reamer and gel-type graft material by the success rate and survival rate.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Implantation period was from 2008 to 2014, Follow check up year is 2019. There were 59 patients and 117 implants. All implants were placed in the posterior maxilla with the sinus lift. The patients population consisted of 34 men and 25 women, ranging from 19 to 75 years. The residual bone heights were from 1 mm to 6 mm. Sinus was perforated with S-reamer without membrane tearing and gel type bone graft material was used for membrane lifting and filling the space. all implants were placed simultaneously. Panoramic X-ray was taken. After 5 – 6 months healing period, final prostheses were restored. After more 5-years implant surgery, Panoramic X-ray was obtained and X-ray analysis and clinical examination were performed. Success criteria was referred to a Buser's success critera. All implants were classified to success implant, survival implant, failed implant. A success implant was satisfying success criteria, a survival implant was a implant that was acute infection with suppuration and bone loss, a failed implant was a implant that was mobile, removed.RESULTS: Five implants were removed, and 4 implants had infected with bone loss. Survival rate was 95.7% and success rate was 92.3%.CONCLUSION: This retrospective study presented that this method with S-reamer and gel-type graft material was a successful treatment without membrane tear in the condition of 1-6 mm residual bone height.

Actinomicosis diseminada en un paciente inmunocompetente: Reporte de caso / Disseminated actinomycosis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report

Se reporta el caso de un paciente de 58 años, quien acude al hospital con tiempo de enfermedad de 8 meses caracterizado por múltiples abscesos en piel y tejidos blandos, asociado a pérdida de peso de aproximadamente 20 kg, hipoalbuminemia severa, anemia moderada y poliserositis. Se realizaron diversos estudios de imágenes que evidenciaron colecciones en plano muscular de muslo izquierdo. Además, en la ecografía de abdomen, pelvis y tórax se reportó nefropatía intersticial bilateral, ascitis y derrame pleural bilateral. El estudio histopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de actinomicosis. Por las manifestaciones sistémicas y la distribución difusa de los abscesos, clínicamente correspondía a un caso de actinomicosis diseminada, por lo que recibió tratamiento antibiótico endovenoso con penicilina G sódica por 4 semanas, y luego, amoxicilina por vía oral. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente y los abscesos remitieron.

This case report describes a 58-year-old patient who visited the hospital after an 8-month disease period characterized by multiple skin and soft tissue abscesses associated with an approximately 20-kg weight loss, severe hypoalbuminemia, moderate anemia and polyserositis. Several imaging tests revealed abscesses on the left thigh muscle. Additionally, abdomen, pelvis and thorax ultrasounds showed bilateral interstitial nephropathy, ascites and bilateral pleural effusion. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of actinomycosis. Given the systemic manifestations and diffuse distribution of the abscesses, the case was clinically consistent with disseminated actinomycosis. Therefore, the patient received IV antibiotic treatment with penicillin G sodium for 4 weeks and then with amoxicillin p.o. The patient evolved favorably and exhibited abscess remission.

Case for diagnosis. Suppurative nodule or something deeper?

Abstract: The authors report the case of a 62-year-old man with a history of total left hip arthroplasty nine years previously presenting with a large infiltrated plaque on the posterior area of the left thigh with three months of evolution without systemic symptoms or elevated inflammatory markers. Computed tomography of the left lower limb revealed a 12-centimeter linear extension of the lesion to the posterior part of the left proximal femur. Prosthesis joint infection, although rare, is a surgical complication to be taken into account, even if the surgery was performed many years before.

Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of bacteria from odontogenic maxillofacial abscesses

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the types and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria in odontogenic abscesses.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pus specimens from 1,772 patients were collected from affected areas during incision and drainage, and bacterial cultures and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed. The number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was analyzed relative to the total number of bacteria that were tested for antibiotic susceptibility.RESULTS: Bacterial cultures from 1,772 patients showed a total of 2,489 bacterial species, 2,101 gram-positive and 388 gram-negative. For penicillin G susceptibility tests, 2 out of 31 Staphylococcus aureus strains tested showed sensitivity and 29 showed resistance. For ampicillin susceptibility tests, all 11 S. aureus strains tested showed resistance. In ampicillin susceptibility tests, 46 out of 50 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strains tested showed resistance.CONCLUSION: When treating odontogenic maxillofacial abscesses, it is appropriate to use antibiotics other than penicillin G and ampicillin as the first-line treatment.

Epidural Abscess Caused by Eikenella corrodens in a Previously Healthy Child

Eikenella corrodens rarely causes invasive head and neck infections in immunocompetent children. We report a case of epidural abscess caused by E. corrodens in a previously healthy 13-year-old boy who presented with fever, headache, and vomiting. On physical examination upon admission, there was no neck stiffness, but discharge from the right ear was observed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed approximately 4.5-cm-sized epidural empyema on the right temporal lobe as well as bilateral ethmoid and sphenoid sinusitis, right mastoiditis, and right otitis media. During treatment with vancomycin and cefotaxime, purulent ear discharge aggravated, and on follow-up brain MRI, the empyema size increased to 5.6×3.4 cm with interval development of an abscess at the right sphenoid sinus. Burr hole trephination was performed, and foul-smelling pus was aspirated from the epidural abscess near the right temporal lobe. Pus culture yielded E. corrodens. Endoscopic sphenoidotomy was also performed with massive pus drainage, and the same organism was grown. The patient was treated with intravenous cefotaxime for 3 weeks and recovered well with no other complications. Therefore, E. corrodens can cause serious complications in children with untreated sinusitis.

Facklamia hominis Isolated from a Wound: A Case Report and Review of the Literature / 대한임상미생물학회지

Facklamia hominis is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus generally displaying weak alpha-hemolysis and negativity for catalase and oxidase. Facklamia species are part of the normal flora of the female genitourinary tract and have been reported in invasive diseases such as meningitis and infective endocarditis, albeit rarely. A 67 year-old-man presented to hospital with a tender, erythematous epidermal cyst on the right side of his upper back. Simple excision of the cyst was performed and the pus was taken with a sterile swab for culture, yielding no growth. One week later, discharge was observed in the patient's wound site and a sterile swab for culture was taken. The colonies grown were identified as F. hominis by the Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux, France), and the result was then reported to clinicians, and later confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of F. hominis isolation from a clinical specimen in Korea.

Delayed intraorbital infection after craniofacial bone surgery

Intraorbital infection shows a low incidence, but it might cause blindness or even death. This case is unusual in that its origin from a craniofacial bone fracture prior to infection of the maxillary sinus. A 33-year-old female patient was referred for right cheek swelling. When she visited the emergency room, we removed right cheek hematoma and bacterial examination was done. In the past, she had craniofacial bone surgical history due to a traffic accident 6 years ago. Next day, the swelling had remained with proptosis and pus was recognized in the conjunctiva. We planned an emergency operation and removed the pus which was already spread inside the orbit. And the evaluation for sinusitis was consulted to the otorhinolaryngology department simultaneously. There were Prevotella oralis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial infection in the intraorbital and sinus respectively. Afterwards, the vigorous dressing was done for over a month with intravenous antibiotics. Though the intraorbital infection was resolved, blindness and extraocular movement limitation were inevitable. In conclusion, close follow up of the maxillary sinus in facial bone fracture patients is important and aggressive treatment is needed when an infection is diagnosed.

Prejuízo econômico por abscessos vacinais retirados de carcaças de bovinos em um frigorífico sob serviço de inspeção federal em Minas Gerais

Abscessos são formações purulentas que surgem principalmente na região do pescoço das meias carcaças de bovinos em decorrência de reações vacinais. Essas lesões e possíveis partes contaminadas com pus são removidas durante a inspeção post mortem, de acordo com o Regulamento de Inspeção Industrial e Sanitária de Produtos de Origem Animal (RIISPOA), durante o processo de abate e são condenadas. A remoção do abscesso causa perda de porção cárnea, levando a uma redução do peso final da carcaça e consequente prejuízo econômico. Cuidados com o manejo vacinal são importantes para evitar o surgimento desses abscessos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi quantificar as meias carcaças com abscessos vacinais e avaliar o prejuízo econômico proveniente da excisão das partes cárneas contendo as lesões. O presente estudo foi realizado durante um mês em um frigorífico sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal localizado em Minas Gerais. Foram coletados os abscessos retirados pelo agente de inspeção das 100 primeiras carcaças de bovinos abatidos no dia, o que totalizou uma amostra de 20% da média abatida no mês. As carcaças com abscessos foram quantificadas e as partes excisadas foram pesadas diariamente e, no final do período, foi verificado o valor do prejuízo em arrobas. De um total de 2.000 carcaças inspecionadas e avaliadas para fim do estudo, 865 (43,25%) apresentaram um ou mais abscessos vacinais, resultando em um prejuízo de 237,100 kg removidos das carcaças, correspondendo a 0,274 kg por animal lesionado. O valor da perda no final do período de coleta foi de R$ 2.181,37 reais, o que leva a um decréscimo de R$ 2,52 reais por animal. A constatação de significativo prejuízo econômico decorrente da presença de abscessos vacinais nas carcaças inspecionadas demonstra a necessidade de se refletir sobre o manejo vacinal dos animais provenientes da região bem como a qualidade da vacina, com objetivo de diminuir a frequência dessas lesões, evitando assim que o...

Abscesses are purulent formations that appear mostly in the neck of bovine half-carcasses due to vaccine reactions. Such lesions and possibly pus-infected parts are removed during the post-mortem inspection service, in compliance with the Regulations of Industrial and Sanitary Inspection of Products of Animal Origin (RIISPOA, acronym in Portuguese), during lhe slaughtering process, and the procedure is condemned. The removal of the abscesses causes loss of meat, leading to a reduction of the final weight of the carcass and consequent economical losses. Safe animal management practices are important to avoid the occurrence of lesions. The aim of this study was to quantify the carcasses with vaccine abscesses and to assess the economic losses from the excision of the parts containing lesions. The present study was carried out over the course of one month in a slaughterhouse in Minas Gerais, under federal inspection. Abscesses were collected by the inspection agents from the first hundred bovine carcasses slaughtered each day, which, at the end of the study, was equivalent to 20% of the monthly slaughter average. The carcasses with abscesses were quantified, the excised parts were weighed daily and, at the end of the period, the loss values were verified in arrobas (one arroba is equivalent to 15 kilos). Out of a total of 2,000 carcasses inspected and evaluated for the purpose of this study, 865 (43,25%) registered one or more vaccine abscesses, resulting in a loss of 237.1 kg removed from the carcasses, corresponding to 0.274 kg per damaged animal. The final value of the losses was R$ 2,181.37, representing a decrease of R$ 2.52 per animal. The verification of significant economical losses due to the presence of abscesses in the inspected carcasses demonstrates the need for consideration about vaccination handling, as well as the quality of the vaccine, with the goal of reducing the frequency of such lesions, avoiding thus, with the procedure...

Complications of surgical treatment of lumbar stenosis in the early postoperative period / Complicações do tratamento cirúrgico da estenose lombar no período pós-operatório imediato / Complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis lumbar en el período postoperatorio temprano

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the structure of degenerative lumbar stenosis surgical treatment complications and to analyze their effect on the results and indications for revision operations. Methods: Between 2009 and 2013, 513 patients with lumbar stenosis of degenerative etiology were surgically treated. There were 205 men, 308 women, aged 23 to 74 years. The main clinical manifestations were persistent compression radiculopathy, chronic pain in the back and lower limbs, and difficulty walking. The intensity of the pain was assessed by the VAS. At the time of hospitalization, VAS was 55-90 points. Results: Of the 513 operated patients, 65 (12.67%) had complications in the early postoperative period (up to three months after the operation); intraoperative complications occurred in 26 (5.1%) patients; intraoperative dura mater injury occurred in 24 (4.67%); pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 2 (0.39%) patients; 39 patients had early postoperative complications; acute radiculopathy occurred in 22 patients (4.28%); and 17 patients (3.31%) had surgical wound complications. Conclusions: Liquorrhea, postoperative hematomas and acute radiculopathy had no negative effect on the results of treatment in any of the cases. In the early postoperative period, 4 (0.77%) deaths were recorded intraoperatively and in 2 (0.39%) cases, intraoperative PE occurred. Two cases (0.39%) resulted in sepsis and multiple organ failure. In eight (1.55%) patients, the results of the treatment were unsatisfactory: in 4 (0.77%) cases due to death, and in a further 4 (0.77%) due to elimination of the system by the spinal column as a result of suppuration. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic studies - Investing the results of treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a estrutura das complicações do tratamento cirúrgico da estenose lombar degenerativa e analisar seu efeito nos resultados e indicações para operações de revisão. Métodos: Nos anos de 2009-2013, 513 pacientes com estenose lombar de etiologia degenerativa foram tratados cirurgicamente. Havia 205 homens, 308 mulheres com idades entre 23 e 74 anos. As principais manifestações clínicas foram radiculopatia por compressão persistente, dor crônica nas costas e membros inferiores, dificuldade para andar. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela EAV. No momento da hospitalização, a EVA foi de 55 a 90 pontos. Resultados: Entre os 513 pacientes operados, 65 (12,67%) tiveram complicações do pós-operatório imediato (até três meses após a operação ocorreram complicações intraoperatórias em 26 (5,1%) pacientes. A lesão intra operatória da dura-máter ocorreu em 24 (4,67%); embolia pulmonar (EP) ocorreu em dois (0,39%) pacientes, 39 pacientes com complicações pós-operatórias precoces, radiculopatia aguda em 22 pacientes (4,28%) e 17 pacientes (3,31%) com complicações da ferida. Os hematomas pós-operatórios e a radiculopatia aguda tiveram efeito negativo sobre os resultados do tratamento em nenhum caso. No período pós-operatório imediato, 4 (0,77%) dos óbitos foram registrados no período intra operatório e em dois (0,39%) casos o PE intra operatório. Em dois casos (0,39%) foram motivo de sepse e falência múltipla de órgãos, sendo que em oito (1,55%) pacientes foram encontrados resultados insatisfatórios: em quatro (0,77%) devido à morte - e em quatro devido à remoção dos sistemas da coluna por causa de supuração. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la estructura de las complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis lumbar degenerativa y analizar su efecto sobre los resultados y las indicaciones para las operaciones de revisión. Métodos: En 2009-2013 513 pacientes con estenosis lumbar de etiología degenerativa fueron tratados quirúrgicamente. Hubo 205 hombres, 308 mujeres, de 23 a 74 años. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron radiculopatía por compresión persistente, dolor crónico en la espalda y las extremidades inferiores, y dificultades para caminar. La intensidad del dolor fue evaluada por EVA. En el momento de la hospitalización, la EVA tenía 55-90 puntos. Resultados: Entre los 513 pacientes operados, 65 (12,67%) tuvieron complicaciones en el período postoperatorio temprano (hasta tres meses después de la operación); hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias en 26 (5,1%) pacientes; lesión duramadre intraoperatoria ocurrió en 24 (4,67%); embolia pulmonar (EP) se presentó en dos pacientes (0,39%); hubo 39 pacientes con complicaciones postoperatorias tempranas; en 22 (4,28%) radiculopatía aguda y en 17 (3,31%) complicaciones en la herida. Conclusiones: Liquorrea, hematomas postoperatorios y la radiculopatía aguda no tuvieron efecto negativo en los resultados del tratamiento en ninguno dos casos. En el período postoperatorio temprano se registraron cuatro (0,77%) muertes intraoperatorias y en dos (0,39%) casos se trató de una PE intraoperatoria. Dos casos (0,39%) resultaron en sepsis y falla orgánica múltiple. Se observaron resultados de tratamiento insatisfactorios en ocho (1,55%) pacientes: en 4 (0,77%) - debido a la muerte, y en cuatro (0,77%) - debido a eliminación del sistema por la espina dorsal debido a supuración. Nivel de evidencia IV; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Treatment-failure tularemia in children / 소아과

PURPOSE: Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis. Its diagnosis and treatment may be difficult in many cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities for pediatric tularemia patients who do not respond to medical treatment. METHODS: A single-center, retrospective study was performed. A total of 19 children with oropharyngeal tularemia were included. RESULTS: Before diagnosis, the duration of symptoms in patients was 32.15±17.8 days. The most common lymph node localization was the cervical chain. All patients received medical treatment (e.g., streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline). Patients who had been given streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline as initial therapy for 10–14 days showed no response to treatment, and recovery was only achieved after administration of oral ciprofloxacin. Response to treatment was delayed in 5 patients who had been given ciprofloxacin as initial therapy. Surgical incision and drainage were performed in 9 patients (47.5%) who were unresponsive to medical treatment and were experiencing abcess formation and suppuration. Five patients (26.3%) underwent total mass excision, and 2 patients (10.5%) underwent fine-needle aspiration to reach a conclusive differential diagnosis and inform treatment. CONCLUSION: The causes of treatment failure in tularemia include delay in effective treatment and the development of suppurating lymph nodes.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Peritonsillar Abscess with Single Enhanced Computed Tomography / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic features of peritonsillar abscess are an asymmetrically enlarged palatine tonsil with peripheral rim enhancement and central low density in the post-contrast computed tomography (CT). Although it is necessary to differentiate tumorous conditions of tonsils to compare pre- and post-contrast CT, pre-contrast CT may be less useful in the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. This study aims to evaluate of the efficacy of single post-contrast CT for diagnosis and treatment of peritonsillar abscess. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively compared 29 patients with peritonsillar abscess, who were diagnosed by single post-contrast CT, with 36 patients diagnosed by pre- and post-contrast CT to determine the success rates of pus drainage and hospital days. Additionally, two otorhinolaryngologists made a judgment of abscess presence for sixty randomly mixed CT images of peritonsillar abscess or tonsillitis with pre- and post-contrast CT or single post-contrast CT. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the success rate of drainage (p=0.622) and hospital days (p=0.504) between groups with/without pre-contrast CT. Abscess presence was judged by raters with/without pre-contrast CT. Inter-rater agreement value (Cohen's kappa) was 0.825 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Single post-contrast CT of peritonsillar abscess may be a good alternative for diagnosis and treatment and may reduce unnecessary exposure to radiation.

Acute Appendicitis in Children and Adolescents: Factors Associated with Perforation and the Causative Organism

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine which factors are related to perforated appendicitis. We also conducted a survey to identify the causative organism. METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2014, 569 pediatric patients (322 male) younger than 19 years old who underwent an appendectomy due to acute appendicitis at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were enrolled. Patients' medical records were reviewed retrospectively to determine their clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging results, and pathogens. RESULTS: About 127 patients (22%) had perforated appendicitis. The rate of perforated appendicitis in preschool, late childhood, and adolescent ages were 50%, 27%, and 16.8%, respectively. The risk factors of perforation were high C-reactive protein levels and the presence of appendiceal fecalith (P <0.001). Of the 24 samples of peritoneal fluid and periappendiceal pus that were collected intraoperatively, 16 were culture positive. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (n=10), and others were Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. CONCLUSIONS: The perforation rate of appendicitis among patients younger than 5 years old was 50%, and this decreased in proportion with age. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of perforation when patients with appendicitis have high C-reactive protein levels or the presence of appendiceal fecalith on imaging.

Unrecognized intraorbital wooden foreign body

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies may present difficulties in diagnosis due to their radiolucent nature. Delayed recognition and management can cause significant complications. We present a case report that demonstrates these problems and the sequela that can follow. A 56-year-old man presented with a 3-cm laceration in the right upper eyelid, sustained by a slipping accident. After computed tomography (CT) scanning and ophthalmology consultation, which revealed no fractures and suggested only pneumophthalmos, the wound was repaired by a plastic surgery resident. Ten days later, the patient’s eyelid displayed signs of infection including pus discharge. Antibiotics and revisional repair failed to solve the infection. Nearly 2 months after the initial repair, a CT scan revealed a large wooden fragment in the superomedial orbit. Surgical exploration successfully removed the foreign body and inflamed pocket, and the patient healed uneventfully. However, the prolonged intraorbital infection had caused irreversible damage to the superior rectus muscle, with upgaze diplopia persisting 1 year after surgery and only minimal muscle function remaining. We report this case to warn clinicians of the difficulties in early diagnosis of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies and the grave prognosis of delayed management.

Diagnosis and Management of a Cryptoglandular Actinomycotic Fistula-in-Ano: An Update on 7 New Cases and a Review of the Literature

PURPOSE: Primary anal actinomycosis of cryptoglandular origin, a rare cause of anal suppurative disease, requires specific management to be cured. The aims of this retrospective study were to describe clinical, morphological, and microbiological features of this entity and to evaluate management practices for new cases observed since 2001. METHODS: This was a retrospective case series conducted at the Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon Hospital in Paris. RESULTS: From January 2001 to July 2016, 7 patients, 6 males and 1 female (median, 49 years), presenting with an actinomycotic abscess with a cryptoglandular anal fistula were included for study. The main symptom was an acute painful ischioanal abscess. One patient exhibited macroscopic small yellow granules (“sulfur granules”), another “watery pus” and a third subcutaneous gluteal septic metastasis. All patients were overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2). Histological study of surgically excised tissue established the diagnosis. All the patients were managed with a combination of classical surgical treatment and prolonged antibiotic therapy. No recurrence was observed during follow-up, the median follow-up being 3 years. CONCLUSION: Actinomycosis should be suspected particularly when sulfur granules are present in the pus, patients have undergone multiple surgeries or suppuration has an unusual aspect. Careful histological examination and appropriate cultures of pus are needed to achieve complete eradication of this rare, but easily curable, disease.

Primary pyomyositis in North India: a clinical, microbiological, and outcome study

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pyomyositis is an infective condition with primary involvement of the skeletal muscles. There is sparse recent literature on patients with pyomyositis. METHODS: This study was carried out at emergency services of a tertiary care center located in subtropical area of Indian subcontinent. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients of primary pyomyositis formed the study cohort. Mean age of occurrence was 29.9 ± 14.8 years. There were 54 men. Twelve patients had underlying medical diseases. Muscle pain was seen in all 62 patients. Forty-eight patients (77.4%) had the fever. Most common site of involvement was thigh muscles (n = 29, 46.8%). Forty-nine patients (79%) presented in the suppurative stage of illness. Patients with comorbidities were older (age: median 36 years [interquartile range (IQR), 25 to 47] vs. 24 years [IQR, 16 to 35], p = 0.024), had higher culture positivity with gram-negative organisms (8/9 [88.89%] vs. 6/29 [20.69%], p = 0.001). Importantly, higher number of these patients received inappropriate antibiotics initially. Patients with positive pus culture result had higher complication rate (32/38 [84.21%] vs. 10/18 [55.56%], p = 0.044). Six patients (9.7%) had in-hospital mortality. Lower first-day serum albumin, initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy, and advanced form of the disease at presentation were associated with increased in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Primary pyomyositis is not an uncommon disease entity. Patients with comorbidities were more likely to receive initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy. Patients with positive pus culture report had the higher rate of complications. Lower first-day serum albumin, initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy and advanced form of the disease at presentation were associated with increased in-hospital mortality.