Una revisión sobre la producción de taxoides anticancerígenos en cultivos in vitro de callos y células de Taxus spp / A review on the production of taxoids anti-cancer of callus and cells of Taxus spp. in cultures in vitro

Los taxoides son diterpenos polioxigenados provenientes de la ruta metabólica del 2-metil-eritritol 4-fosfato cuya biosíntesis se genera en los plastidios. La importancia de los taxoides entre ellos el taxol, en el área de la medicina humana es muy valiosa debido a la utilización en oncología, fármaco utilizado contra el cáncer de seno, pulmón y ovario. Las especies de árboles de Taxus spp. están en peligro de extinción debido a la tala inmoderada, a la baja reproducción, lento crecimiento; por lo que el cultivo de tejidos vegetales in vitro es una alternativa biotecnológica de alto impacto y de gran ayuda para el conocimiento de la producción de los taxoides a nivel in vitro y sobre todo, para la conservación de este valioso recurso natural. Los objetivos de este artículo son: origen del taxol, su mecanismo de acción biológico, la biosíntesis de los taxoides, el método de extracción así como la producción de taxoides in situ y en cultivos in vitro de callos y células de Taxus spp.

The taxoids are polioxigenated diterpenes from the metabolic pathway of the 2-methyl-erythritol 4-phosphate whose biosynthesis is generated in the plastides. The importance of the taxoides including taxol, in the area of human medicine is very valuable due to the use in oncology, drug used against breast, lung and ovarian cancer. The species of trees of Taxus spp. are in danger of extinction due to logging immoderate, to the low reproduction rate, slow growth; therefore, the plant tissue culture in vitro is a biotechnological alternative high-impact and a great help to the knowledge of the production of the taxoides to level in vitro and above all, for the conservation of this valuable natural resource. The objectives of this article are to determine some general information about the geographical distribution of Taxus spp.; chemical characteristics of taxoids, biological mechanism of action of taxol; path of biosynthesis, methods of extraction and analysis of the taxoids and a current review of the production of taxoids in situ and in vitro cultures and cells of Taxus spp.

The lignins from Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To separate and identify the chemical constituents of the aril of Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three lignins were isolated by chromatography and their chemical structures were elucidated by IR, EI-MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, DEPT and 2D-NMR spectral methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three lignins were identified as pinonesinol, dihydrodehydrodiconiferylalcohol and (7,8-cis-8,8'-trans)-2',4'dihydroxyl-3, 5-dimethoxy-lariciresinol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compound III is a new compound.</p>