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1.
Med.lab ; 26(4): 383-389, 2022. Tabs, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412540

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 que surgió en el año 2019 (COVID-19), ha obligado al rápido desarrollo de vacunas para prevenir su propagación e intentar controlar la pandemia. Dentro de las vacunas desarrolladas, las primeras en ser aprobadas con una tecnología nueva en el campo de la vacunación, fueron las vacunas basadas en ARNm (ácido ribonucleico mensajero), que lograron tasas de efectividad cercanas al 95 % para la prevención de la enfermedad COVID-19 grave. Los eventos adversos comunes son reacciones locales leves, pero ha habido varios informes de pacientes que desarrollaron tiroiditis subaguda y disfunción tiroidea después de recibir la vacuna contra SARS-CoV-2. Este artículo presenta dos casos de tiroiditis subaguda poco después de recibir la vacuna contra COVID-19


The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease which emerged in 2019 (COVID-19), has forced the rapid development of vaccines to prevent the spread of infection and attempt to control the pandemic. Among the vaccines developed, one of the first to be approved with a new technology in the field of vaccination, was the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) vaccine, with rates of effectiveness close to 95% for the prevention of severe COVID-19 disease. Common adverse events are mild local reactions, but there have been some reports of patients developing sub-acute thyroiditis and thyroid dysfunction after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. This article presents two case reports of subacute thyroiditis shortly after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Thyroiditis, Subacute/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/adverse effects , Thyroiditis, Subacute/diagnosis , Thyroiditis, Subacute/drug therapy , Thyrotoxicosis/diagnosis , Thyrotoxicosis/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Goiter/chemically induced
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(5): 1038-1044, nov. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350025

ABSTRACT

Resumo A amiodarona é amplamente utilizada no tratamento de arritmias atriais e ventriculares, porém devido sua alta concentração de iodo, o uso crônico da droga pode induzir distúrbios tireoidianos. A tireotoxicose induzida pela amiodarona (TIA) pode descompensar e exacerbar anormalidades cardíacas subjacentes, provocando aumento da morbidade e mortalidade, principalmente em pacientes com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo <30%. Os casos de TIA são classificados em dois subtipos que direcionam a conduta terapêutica. Os riscos e benefícios de manter a amiodarona devem ser avaliados de maneira individualizada, e a decisão de continuar ou suspender a droga deve ser tomada conjuntamente por cardiologistas e endocrinologistas. O tratamento de TIA tipo 1 é semelhante ao do hipertireoidismo espontâneo, sendo indicado o uso de drogas antitireoidianas (metimazol e propiltiouracil) em doses elevadas. A TIA tipo 1 mostra-se mais complicada, pois apresenta proporcionalmente maiores números de recorrências ou até mesmo a não remissão do quadro, sendo recomendado o tratamento definitivo (tireoidectomia total ou radioiodo). TIA tipo 2 é geralmente autolimitada, mas devido a elevada mortalidade associada a tireotoxicose em pacientes cardiopatas, o tratamento deve ser instituído para que o eutireoidismo seja atingido mais rapidamente. Em casos bem definidos de TIA tipo 2, o tratamento com corticosteroides é mais efetivo do que o tratamento com drogas antitireoidianas. Em casos graves, independentemente do subtipo, a restauração imediata do eutiroidismo por meio da tireoidectomia total deve ser considerada antes que o paciente evolua com piora clínica excessiva, pois a demora na indicação da cirurgia está associada ao aumento da mortalidade.


Abstract Amiodarone is widely used in treating atrial and ventricular arrhythmias; however, due to its high iodine concentration, the chronic use of the drug can induce thyroid disorders. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) can decompensate and exacerbate underlying cardiac abnormalities, leading to increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <30%. AIT cases are classified into two subtypes that guide therapeutic management. The risks and benefits of maintaining the amiodarone must be evaluated individually, and the therapeutic decision should be taken jointly by cardiologists and endocrinologists. Type 1 AIT treatment is similar to that of spontaneous hyperthyroidism, using antithyroid drugs (methimazole and propylthiouracil) at high doses. Type 1 AIT is more complicated since it has proportionally higher recurrences or even non-remission, and definitive treatment is recommended (total thyroidectomy or radioiodine). Type 2 AIT is generally self-limited, yet due to the high mortality associated with thyrotoxicosis in cardiac patients, the treatment should be implemented for faster achievement of euthyroidism. Furthermore, in well-defined cases of type 2 AIT, the treatment with corticosteroids is more effective than treatment with antithyroid drugs. In severe cases, regardless of subtype, immediate restoration of euthyroidism through total thyroidectomy should be considered before the patient progresses to excessive clinical deterioration, as delayed surgery indication is associated with increased mortality.


Subject(s)
Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/drug therapy , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Stroke Volume , Ventricular Function, Left , Iodine Radioisotopes , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/adverse effects
3.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-730239

ABSTRACT

Vários fármacos de amplo uso na prática clínica interagem com os hormônios tireoidianos, alterando a função da tireoide. Boa parte dos pacientes submetidos à avaliação da tireoide faz uso de diversos fármacos, sendo importante saber quais são as interações. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever, na literatura, os principais medicamentos amplamente utilizados na prática clínica que interagem com os hormônios tireoidianos. A produção desses hormônios ocorre por meio de diversos mecanismos, que podem interagir com várias drogas, resultando em disfunção tireoidiana. Alguns fármacos podem causar tanto tireotoxicose, como hipotireoidismo; é o caso do iodo, da amiodarona e da interleucina-2. A radiação ionizante pode produzir tireoidite aguda, crônica e câncer de tireoide. O carbonato de lítio inibe a secreção dos hormônios tireoidianos, estimulando o hormôniotireo estimulante e levando à formação de bócio. A quimioterapia citotóxica pode causar alterações no hipotálamo, na hipófise e na tireoide. Os glicocorticoides apresentam efeitos variáveis e múltiplos. Alguns fármacos afetam as proteínas transportadoras de hormônios tireoidianos, como os salicilatos, a heparina e o estrogênio. Anticonvulsivantes atuam sobre os hormônios tireoidianos, interferindo na ligação com proteínas transportadoras e acelerando o metabolismo hepático. A dopamina inibe diretamente a secreção do TSH. O propranolol tem efeito discreto, relacionado a doses >160mg/dia.O conhecimento sobre as interações permite identificar uma droga como causa de disfunção da tireóide, a execução de testes de triagem em indivíduos expostos a elas e evitar seu uso em pacientes com risco de desenvolver doenças da tireóide...


Many drugs of wide use in clinical practice interact with thyroid hormones, changing thyroid function. Much of the patients that have their thyroid studied make use of multiple medications, being important to know which the interactionsare. The aim of this study was to review in the literature the main drugs widely used in clinical practice that interacts with thyroid hormones. The production of these hormones occurs through several mechanisms which may interact with various drugs, causing thyroid dysfunction. Some medicines cancause both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, such as iodine, amiodarone and interleukin-2. Ionizing radiation may produce acute thyroiditis, chronic thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. Lithium carbonate inhibits the secretion of thyroid hormones, stimulating TSH, leading to the formation of goiter. Cytotoxic chemotherapy can cause changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid. Glucocorticoids have multiple and variables effects. Some drugs affect thyroid hormones transporter proteins, such assalicylates, heparin and estrogen. Anticonvulsants have effect on thyroid hormones, interfering with protein binding carriers and accelerating hepatic metabolism. Dopamine inhibits directly the secretion of TSH. Propranolol has slight effect, related to doses>160mg/day. The knowledge about the interactions allows to identify a drug as a cause of thyroid dysfunction, the execution of screening tests in individuals exposed to them and avoid its use in patients with risk of developing thyroid disease...


Subject(s)
Humans , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Drug Interactions , Thyroid Gland , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Iodine/adverse effects , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(4): 322-326, June 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678148

ABSTRACT

A tireotoxicose é uma rara síndrome clínica decorrente da exacerbação do hipertireoidismo, de etiologia e fatores desencadeantes diversos. A abordagem terapêutica pode ser realizada por meio de medicamentos para bloqueio da síntese, secreção e/ou inibição da ação periférica hormonal, além de terapia dirigida aos fatores desencadeantes. Entretanto, em casos refratários, a plasmaférese surge como importante opção de tratamento. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com doença de Graves, internado com quadro de hepatotoxicidade grave por propiltiouracil, que evoluiu com tireotoxicose, sendo indicada plasmaférese para rápida redução dos hormônios tireoidianos, em preparo para a tireoidectomia total.


Thyrotoxicosis is a rare clinical syndrome resulting from an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism, with various etiology and triggering factors. Its approach may be accomplished by blocking the synthesis of hormones, their secretion and/or inhibition of their peripheral action, besides treating the triggering factors. However, in refractory cases, plasmapheresis appears as an important option for treatment. We report a patient with Graves' disease who was admitted with thyrotoxicosis and signs of severe hepatotoxicity induced by propylthiouracil. Plasmapheresis was indicated, with the aim of rapidly reducing thyroid hormones in the preparation for total thyroidectomy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Antithyroid Agents/adverse effects , Graves Disease/drug therapy , Liver/drug effects , Plasmapheresis/methods , Propylthiouracil/adverse effects , Thyroidectomy , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Preoperative Care/methods , Treatment Outcome , Thyroxine/blood
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(7): 486-489, out. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-607496

ABSTRACT

Amiodarone (AM)-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a condition with uncertainties from the diagnostic and therapeutic standpoints. A 54-year old male was referred to the hospital due to thyrotoxicosis. He had history of atrial fibrillation medicated with AM. No history of pre-existing thyroid disease was present, thyroid palpation revealed no goiter, and there were no signs of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRABs) were negative. Thyroid and Doppler ultrasounds were normal. 99mTc-sestaMIBI thyroid scan (STS) showed uptake with rapid washout. AM therapy was discontinued, and combined therapy was started. After a long course of glucocorticoid and thionamides, the patient became euthyroid. It is necessary to distinguish between the types of AIT to decide whether or not continue AM treatment; after that, the appropriate therapy should be selected. STS was very important in the diagnosis of the type of AIT.


A tireotoxicose induzida por amiodarona (AIT) é uma condição incerta do ponto de vista de diagnóstico e tratamento. Um homem de 54 anos de idade foi encaminhado ao hospital devido à tireotoxicose. Ele apresentou um histórico de fibrilação atrial medicada com amiodarona (AM). Não havia histórico de doença da tiroide preexistente, a palpação da tiroide não revelou bócio e não havia sinais de oftalmopatia de Graves. Os autoanticorpos contra a tireoide e anticorpos para os receptores de hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TRABs) foram negativos. Os resultados do ultrassom da tiroide e do exame de Doppler foram normais. A cintigrafia da tiroide com 99mTc-sestaMIBI mostrou captação com rápida eliminação. O tratamento com AM foi descontinuado, e se iniciou a terapia combinada. Após um longo tratamento com glicocorticoides e tionaminas, o paciente se tornou eutiroide. É necessário distinguir entre os tipos de AIT para se determinar a continuação ou interrupção do tratamento com AM. Depois disso, o tratamento apropriado deve ser selecionado. A STS é muito importante no diagnóstico do tipo de AIT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/adverse effects , Radiopharmaceuticals , Thyrotoxicosis , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Time Factors , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/drug therapy
6.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 72(1): 69-78, ene.-mar. 2011. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-609586

ABSTRACT

La amiodarona (AMD) es una droga antiarrítmica potente (clase III) usada en la práctica clínica para la profilaxis y el tratamiento de muchos disturbios del ritmo cardiaco, desde la fibrilación auricular paroxística hasta las taquiarritmias ventriculares que amenazan la vida. Frecuentemente causa cambios en las pruebas de función tiroidea principalmente relacionados a la inhibición de la actividad de la 5'-deiodinasa, resultando en una disminución de la generación de T3 desde T4 y el consecuente incremento en la producción de T3 reversa y una disminución de su aclaramiento. En 14 a 18 por ciento de pacientes tratados con AMD hay una disfunción tiroidea manifiesta, ya sea tirotoxicosis inducida por amiodarona (TIA) o hipotiroidismo inducido por amiodarona (HIA). Tanto TIA como HIA pueden desarrollarse en glándulas aparentemente normales o en glándulas con anormalidades preexistentes clínicamente silentes. La TIA está primariamente relacionada a la síntesis de hormonas tiroideas inducida por el exceso de yodo en una glándula tiroidea anormal (TIA tipo 1) o a una tiroiditis destructiva relacionada a la amiodarona (TIA tipo 2), aunque frecuentemente ocurren formas mixtas. La tiroiditis de Hashimoto preexistente es un factor de riesgo definido para la ocurrencia de HIA. La patogenia del HIA es la falla para escapar del efecto agudo de Wolff-Chaikoff inducido por el yodo, debido a los defectos en la hormonogénesis tiroidea y, en pacientes con pruebas de autoanticuerpos tiroideos positivos, para tiroiditis de Hashimoto concomitante. La TIA es más común en zonas deficientes de yodo mientras que el HIA es usualmente visto en zonas suficientes en yodo. En contraste al HIA, la TIA es una condición difícil de diagnosticar y tratar, y usualmente se recomienda la descontinuación de la amiodarona. En esta revisión se analiza, de acuerdo a los datos actuales, las alteraciones en las pruebas de función tiroidea vistas en pacientes eutirodeos bajo tratamiento con AMD así como la epidemiología y opciones de tratamiento disponibles para ambos tipo de disfunción tiroidea inducida por amiodarona, TIA e HIA.


Amiodarone is a potent class III anti-arrhythmic drug used in clinical practice for the prophylaxis and treatment of many cardiac rhythm disturbances, ranging from paroxismal atrial fibrillation to life threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Amiodarone often causes changes in thyroid function tests mainly related to inhibition of 5'-deiodinase activity resulting in decrease in the generation of T3 from T4 with consequent increase in rT3 production and decrease in its clearance. In 14-18 per cent of amiodarone-treated patients, there is overt thyroid dysfunction, either amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) or amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (AIH). Both AIT and AIH may develop either in apparently normal thyroid glands or in glands with preexisting clinically silent abnormalities. AIT is primarily related to excess iodine-induced thyroid hormone synthesis in an abnormal thyroid gland (type I AIT) or to amiodarone-related destructive thyroiditis (type II AIT). AIH pathogenesis is related to escape failure from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect due to defects in thyroid hormonogenesis or, in patients with positive thyroid autoantibody test, to concomitant Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AIT is more common in iodine-deficient regions of the world, whereas AIH is usually seen in iodine-sufficient areas. In contrast to AIH, AIT is a condition difficult to diagnose and treat, and discontinuation of amiodarone is usually recommended. In this review discusses, according to data from current literature, alterations in thyroid laboratory tests seen in euthyroid patients under treatment with amiodarone and the epidemiology and treatment options available of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunctions (AIT and AIH).


Subject(s)
Humans , Amiodarone , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 95(5): e122-e124, out. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570453

ABSTRACT

Relata-se que a disfunção tireoidiana induzida pela amiodarona afeta de 2 a 24 por cento dos usuários. Embora seja fácil tratar o hipotireoidismo induzido pela amiodarona, o desenvolvimento da tireotoxicose leva a uma abordagem difícil na maioria dos casos. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever três casos diferentes de pacientes com tireotoxicose induzida por amiodarona e discutir os aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais, e as diferentes abordagens para esses casos. É essencial avaliar cuidadosamente os pacientes antes e durante o tratamento com amiodarona, tendo em vista que o diagnóstico e o tratamento imediato dessa condição são cruciais em pacientes com alto risco cardiovascular.


Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction has been reported to affect 2-24 percent of users. Despite the easy management of amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, the development of thyrotoxicosis leads to a difficult approach in most cases. The aim of this study is to describe three different cases of patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and discuss the clinical and laboratorial aspects, and the different approaches to them. It is essential to carefully evaluate patients before and during amiodarone therapy, since the prompt diagnosis and treatment of this condition is essential in patients with high cardiovascular risk.


Se relata que la disfunción tiroidea inducida por la amiodarona afecta de 2 a 24 por ciento de los usuarios. Aunque sea fácil tratar el hipotiroidismo inducido por la amiodarona, el desarrollo de la tirotoxicosis lleva a un abordaje difícil en la mayoría de los casos. El objetivo de este estudio es describir tres casos diferentes de pacientes con tirotoxicosis inducida por amiodarona y discutir los aspectos clínicos y de laboratorio, y los diferentes abordajes para esos casos. Es esencial evaluar cuidadosamente los pacientes antes y durante el tratamiento con amiodarona, teniendo en vista que el diagnóstico y el tratamiento inmediato de esa condición son cruciales en pacientes con alto riesgo cardiovascular.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/adverse effects , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Fatal Outcome , Thyroid Gland/drug effects , Thyrotoxicosis/pathology
8.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 46(5): 387-394, 2009. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-538431

ABSTRACT

A tirotoxicose é caracterizada pelas excessivas concentrações séricas dos hormônios tiroidianos, podendo desencadear graves alterações no metabolismo ósseo, sendo a elevação da fosfatase alcalina total uma alteração laboratorial freqüentemente observada no hipertiroidismo felino. O aumento global dos níveis séricos de fosfatase alcalina pode ser decorrente de diferentes isoenzimas e, no caso do hipertiroidismo em humanos, as isoenzimas de origem óssea e hepática apresentam-se comumente elevadas. A partir da avaliação da bioquímica sérica de oito gatos com tirotoxicose induzida e elevação da fosfatase alcalina associada, o presente trabalho demonstra um aumento significativamente maior dos níveis séricos da fosfatase alcalina de origem óssea quando comparado com a isoenzima de origem hepática. Conclui-se que as alterações no metabolismo ósseo foram as principais responsáveis pelo aumento da fosfatase alcalina nos gatos com tirotoxicose induzida


Thyrotoxicosis, characterized by excessive serum levels of thyroidhormones, can cause serious effects in bone metabolism, elevating the total alkaline phosphatase, which is a frequent laboratorial alteration observed in feline hyperthyroidism. A rise in total serum levels of alkaline phosphatase can be caused by different isoenzymes, and in human hyperthyroidism, bone and hepatic isoenzymes are commonly increased. After serum biochemical evaluation of eight cats with induced thyrotoxicosis and associated elevation of alkaline phosphatase, the present paper shows a significant elevation of bone isoenzyme serum levels when compared with hepatic isoenzyme. It was possible to conclude that bone metabolism alterations were the main responsible for the increase of serum alkaline phosphatase in cats with induced thyrotoxicosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism , Thyroid Hormones/analysis , Thyrotoxicosis/metabolism , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/blood
9.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 46(6): 438-447, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539466

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou ultrassonograficamente o fígado de gatos submetidos à tirotoxicose induzida pela técnica de histograma dos níveis de cinza com o objetivo de melhor avaliar possíveis alterações hepáticas decorrentes do excesso de hormônios tiroidianos. Para isto, foram utilizados nove gatos hígidos, adulto-jovens, que receberam diariamente 150μg/kg de levotiroxina sódica, por 60 dias. O histograma hepático não demonstrou diferença estatística ao nível de 5% de significância entre os momentos avaliados; entretanto, as variações dos valores das variáveis estudadas sugeriram a promoção de aumento da heterogeneidade e diminuição da ecogenicidade do parênquima hepático quando comparado ao momento inicial. A avaliação citopatológica e histopatológica revelou quadro de hepatite tirotóxica em todos os animais


This study evaluated ultrasonographically the liver of cats submitted to induced thyrotoxicosis by the technique of gray-level histogram with the objective of better evaluating the possible hepatic alterations decurring from the excess of the thyroid hormones. For that, there were used nine adult-young healthy cats, which received daily 150ìg/kg of sodic levotiroxin, for 60 days. The hepatic histogram has not demonstrated statistical differences in the 5% level of significance between the evaluated moments; however, the variations of the studied variables’ values suggested an increasing of the heterogeneity and a decreasing of the echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma when compared to the initial moment. The cytopathologic and histopathologic evaluations have shown of a clinical picture of thyrotoxic hepatitis in all the animals


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Liver , Thyrotoxicosis , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/pathology
10.
SQUMJ-Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2009; 9 (3): 319-323
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-93717

ABSTRACT

Amiodarone is an iodine rich agent widely used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and flutter. However 14-18% of patients treated with amiodarone develop overt thyroid dysfunction in the form of either amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis [AIT] or amiodaroneinduced hypothyroidism [AIH]. Two different types of AIT have been recognised and designated as Type 1 and Type 2. Distinguishing between the two is often difficult, but necessary for instituting appropriate treatment. We report a case of a 56 year-old male patient who was started on amiodarone for atrial fibrillation and then developed AIT. The challenges in the diagnosis and management of these patients are discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Diagnosis , Case Management
11.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-91074

ABSTRACT

Drugs can affect thyroid functional status in numerous ways. They may influence thyroid homeostasis at any level from their synthesis, secretion, transport or end-organ action resulting in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Amiodarone is an important drug in this group. The effects of amiodarone on thyroid function result from iodine release and intrinsic drug properties. Both amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) and amiodarone -induced hypothyroidism (AIH) may develop in apparently normal thyroid glands or in glands with preexisting, clinically silent abnormalities. Treatment of AIH consists of thyroxine replacement while continuing or discontinuing amiodarone therapy. In type I AIT the main medical treatment consists of simultaneous administration of thionamides and potassium perchlorate, while in type II AIT, glucocorticoids are the most useful therapeutic option. It is important to evaluate patients before and during amiodarone therapy. The list of drugs affecting thyroid function is long with new drugs being added. Some of them are clinically important while others just produce diagnostic dilemmas. The possible effect of drugs on the results of thyroid-function tests should always be considered while making decisions regarding patient care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced
12.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 44(2): 87-95, 2007. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-486883

ABSTRACT

O hipertireoidismo felino ou tireotoxicose é a doença endócrina mais freqüente em gatos domésticos. O hipertireoidismo felino é uma desordem multissistêmica associada com aumento das concentrações dos hormônios tireoidianos circulantes, triidotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4). Anormalidades cardiovasculares em gatos com hipertireoidismo espontâneo já foram bem descritas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a mensuração cardíaca em 19 gatos submetidos a tireotoxicose experimental, utilizando o “vertebral heart size” (VHS). A mensuração utilizando o VHS foi realizada a partir de radiografias torácicas lateral, dorsoventral e ventrodorsal. As radiografias torácicas laterais foram mais eficazes do que as ventrodorsal e dorsoventral em ilustrar o aumento progressivo do coração. O VHS é um método fácil de ser usado, permitindo a avaliação do tamanho cardíaco em gatos hipertireóideos, e facilita a identificação de cardiomegalia e progressão do tamanho cardíaco.


Feline hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) is now recognised as the most common endocrine disease of the domestic cat. Feline hyperthyroidism cause multisystemic disorder associated with incresead circulating concentrations of the thyroid hormones, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Cardiovascular abnormalities in cats with spontaneous hyperthyroid have been described. Objective to determine heart size of progressing experimental thyrotoxicosis of 19 cats, using a vertebral scale system (VHS). The lateral, dorsoventral e ventrodorsal radiographs thoracic were measured using a vertebral scale system. Lateral radiographs thoracic to efficient develop that DV and VD. The VHS method is easy to use, allows objective assessment of heart size in cats hyperthyroid, and may be helpful to identify cardiomegaly and heart size progressing.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Heart , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Hyperthyroidism/diagnosis , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced
13.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2006 Oct; 104(10): 583, 585-7, 600
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-96059

ABSTRACT

Disorders of thyroid hormone metabolism are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Apart from conditions affecting the thyroid gland, thyroid hormone homeostasis may be altered by medications used in varied clinical settings. Drugs may interfere at different steps in thyroid hormone synthesis or secretion leading to hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis or may cause changes in hormone binding leading to difficulties in the interpretation of thyroid function tests. These difficulties have been largely overcome by the development of improved diagnostic tools including radio-active uptake studies, estimation of thyroid auto-antibodies and highly sensitive hormone assays.


Subject(s)
Amiodarone/adverse effects , Dexamethasone/adverse effects , Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects , Humans , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Lithium Compounds/adverse effects , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced
14.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 43(5): 695-701, 2006. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467110

ABSTRACT

O hipertiroidismo é capaz de proporcionar efeitos sobre o metabolismo ósseo tanto em humanos como em animais. Para melhor avaliar este fato em gatos, em 16 animais foram induzidos a tirotoxicose a partir da administração oral de 150 μg/kg de levotiroxina sódica a cada 24 horas durante 42 dias. Os níveis hormonais foram avaliados por radioimunoensaio e a densidade mineral óssea da extremidade distal do rádio direito foi mensurada através de densitometria óptica radiográfica. Foi possível observar, a partir da primeira semana de experimento, significativa elevação sérica de T4 livre e T4 total acompanhada de desmineralização óssea do rádio.


Hyperthyroidism can result in serious effects on the bone metabolism in humans as well as animals. For a better characterization of thyrotoxicosis effects, 16 cats were induced into thyrotoxicosis by intaking a dose of 150 μg/kg of sodium L-thyroxine every 24 hours during 42 days. The hormonal levels were evaluated by radioimmunoassay technique and the bone mineral density of the right distal radius extremity was measured through the radiographic optical densitometry. Was verified significant bone demineralization seven days of hormonal intake as weel as radius demineralization.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Absorptiometry, Photon , Cats , Bone Density/physiology , Osteoporosis/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/veterinary
15.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 48(1): 176-182, fev. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-360742

ABSTRACT

A amiodarona é uma droga rica em iodo, amplamente utilizada em cardiologia clínica para o tratamento de arritmias cardíacas. O uso crônico da amiodarona está associado a uma série de efeitos colaterais, destacando-se entre eles alterações na função tireoidiana e no metabolismo dos hormônios tireoidianos, levando a indução de hipotireoidismo ou de tireotoxicose. Diversos mecanismos, incluindo distúrbios na auto-regulação tireoidiana em resposta ao excesso de iodo, fatores imunológicos e a citotoxicidade provocada pela droga, estão envolvidos na gênese da disfunção tireoidiana induzida pela amiodarona. Cerca de 50 por cento dos indivíduos em uso crônico de amiodarona desenvolvem alguma anormalidade na função tireoidiana, o que ressalta a necessidade da monitoração das concentrações séricas dos hormônios tireoidianos e do TSH nestes pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/adverse effects , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced
16.
Oman Medical Journal. 2004; 19 (1): 44-6
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-67941

ABSTRACT

Amiodarone is Commonly used effective, broad spectrum antiarrthythmic drug in the management of cardiac dysrhythmias. It is used both in the treatment and prophylaxis of supraventricular and ventricular tacharrhythmia. Accumulation of amiodarone in the thyroid gland may result in thyroid dysfunction, either hypothyroidism [13%] or thyrotoxicosis [3%]. An under active thyroid gland following amiodarone therapy is generally simple to treat, however, hyperthyroidism is more problematic and can be quite severs. It may develop both in apparently normal thyroid glands and in glands with pre-existing abnormalities. We describe a case of thyrotoxicosis in a patient treated with amiodarone for cardiac arrhythmia


Subject(s)
Humans , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyroid Function Tests , Thyroid Gland/abnormalities
17.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 313-316, 2001.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-228346

ABSTRACT

The effects of thyroid hormone on hepatic and gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities (nM of NADH/min/mg of cytosolic protein) have been investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats treated with thyroxine (1 mg/kg, po) for 14 days. Whereas hepatic ADH activity in thyroxine-treated rats decreased by 61.3% of control rats (26.4 vs 43.2, p<0.001), gastric ADH activity increased by 262.9% of control rats (4.9 vs 1.9, p<0.001). As for the activities of the lung and kidney, thyroxine treatment did not produce any statistically significant changes. These data suggest that thyrotoxicosis causes a decrease of hepatic alcohol metabolism, and that the increase of gastric ADH activity in thyrotoxic rats can partly restore the first-pass metabolism of ethanol.


Subject(s)
Male , Rats , Alcohol Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Animals , Gastric Mucosa/enzymology , Kidney/enzymology , Liver/drug effects , Lung/enzymology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Stomach/drug effects , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyroxine/administration & dosage
18.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 45(1): 20-1, feb. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210514

ABSTRACT

Con el advenimiento de técnicas ultrasensibles para medir la hormona tiroestimulante (TSH) es posible reconocer alteraciones subclínicas antes que desciendan o aumenten los niveles sanguíneos de hormonas tiroideas. Se revisan los conceptos actuales y la significación clínica tanto del hipotiroidismo como de la tirotoxicosis subclínica, así como su manejo terapéutico


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Thyrotoxicosis/diagnosis , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Hypothyroidism/complications , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Hypothyroidism/etiology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/complications , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/drug therapy , Thyroxine/adverse effects
20.
Acta cient. venez ; 44(3): 164-7, 1993.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-185508

ABSTRACT

Se estudio la relación entre concentración de testosterona producto de espermatozoides y morfología testicular en ratas con hipertiroidismo inducido con L-Tiroxina (Testam) durante períodos de 17 y 34 días. La tirotoxicosis produjo una reducción en el peso testicular que fue proporcional a la pérdida de peso corporal. La concentración de espermatozoides y la testosterona intratesticular no se modificaron en las ratas durante 17 días pero, en las de 34 días hubo una disminución importante en ambos parámetros. En los cortes histológicos de los testículos no se observaron cambios morfológicos importantes. Estos resultados sugieren que durante la tirotoxicosis la espermatogénesis alterada puede ser consecuencia de una disminución en la síntesis de testosterona


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Spermatogenesis/genetics , Rats , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced
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