Clinical and x-ray oral evaluation in patients with congenital Zika Virus

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate possible malformations in the soft, bone and/or dental tissues in patients with congenital Zika Virus (ZIKV) by clinical and x-ray evaluation. Methodology: Thirty children born with ZIKV and 30 children born without ZIKV (control group) were included in the study. Patients were evaluated over 24 consecutive months according to the variables: sex, age, cleft palates, soft tissue lesions, alveolar ridge hyperplasia, short labial and lingual frenums, inadequate posture of the lingual and perioral muscles at rest, micrognathia, narrow palatine vaults, changes in the teeth shape and/or number, sequence eruption, spasms, seizures and eruption delay were evaluated. Chi-square test, Student's t-test and nominal logistic regression were used (p<0.05). Results: Among the 30 babies examined, the mean age of the first dental eruption was 10.8±3.8 with almost two-thirds of the children (n=18, 60%) experiencing eruptions of their first tooth after 9 months of age, nine children (30%) had inadequate lingual posture at rest, more than half of the children (n=18, 60%) had short labial or lingual frenums. ZIKV babies showed a high prevalence of clef palate (p<0.001), inadequate lingual posture at rest (p=0.004), micrognathia (p=0.002), changes in the shape and/or number of teeth (p=0.006), alteration in sequence of dental eruption (p<0.001) and muscles spasms (p=0.002). The delay eruption was associated with inadequate lingual posture at rest (p=0.047), micrognathia (p=0.002) and changes in the shape and/or number of teeth (p=0.021). The delayed eruption (p=0.006) and narrow palatine vaults (p=0.008) were independently associated with ZIKV. Moreover, female patients showed the most narrow palatine vaults (p=0.010). Conclusions: The children with ZIKV showed a greater tendency to have delayed eruption of the first deciduous tooth, inadequate lingual posture and short labial and lingual frenums.

Prevalencia de Anomalías Dentomaxilares y Necesidad de Tratamiento en Adolescentes / Prevalence of Dentomaxillary Anomalies and Treatment Needs in Adolescents

RESUMEN: Las anomalías dentomaxilares (ADM) constituyen un problema de salud pública en Chile, lo que genera la necesidad de un diagnóstico sistemático y la asignación de prioridades de tratamiento. Las ADM que afectan la estética pueden constituir una barrera para la inserción social de los adolescentes. El Dental Aesthetic Index (IED), es un instrumento que permite jerarquizar la necesidad de tratamiento de las ADM. El propósito de esta investigación fue caracterizar las ADM, necesidad de tratamiento a través de IED y auto-percepción estética en escolares de 12 a 15 años. Estudio de Prevalencia en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años, de la ciudad de Viña del Mar. El criterio de exclusión fue tratamiento ortodóncico previo. Se seleccionaron 204 sujetos mediante asignación uniforme con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Variables recogidas: Edad, tipo de establecimiento educacional, sexo, percepción estética y IED por componentes. La prevalencia según IED fue de 63 % [56 % - 70 %]. La necesidad de tratamiento fue 44,2 % electivo, 31,01 % altamente deseable y 24,81 % obligatorio y prioritario. El IED Comunitario dio 29.5. Se encontró una relación significativa entre IED y percepción estética con un p-valor: 0,006 (Rho: 0,343). La prevalencia de anomalías dentomaxilares medido a través del indicador IED alcanza el 63 % y el IED comunitario de 29,54 % afirmando que el grupo "requiere tratamiento electivo por ADM definida"; en los establecimientos particulares está subestimado pues algunos casos ya han sido tratados con anterioridad a esta investigación.

ABSTRACT: Dentomaxillary anomalies are a public health problem in Chile, resulting in the need for screening and prioritization of treatment. Dentomaxillary anomalies affecting the aesthetics can be a barrier to social integration of adolescents. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is an instrument to prioritize the need for treatment of malocclusions. The purpose of this research was to characterize the malocclusions, orthodontic treatment needs and esthetic self-perception in schoolchildren from 12 to 15 years through DAI. Prevalence Study in 12 to 15 year-old adolescents from Viña del Mar. The exclusion criteria was previous orthodontic treatment. The sample was 204 subjects selected by uniform allocation with a confidence level of 95 %. Variables included age, type of educational establishment, sex, aesthetic perception and DAI by component. Prevalence of dentomaxillary anomalies by DAI was 63 % [56 % - 70 %], Treatment needs were 44.2 % treatment elective, 31.01 % highly desirable and 24.81 % mandatory. The Community's DAI was 29.5. The relationship between DAI and aesthetic perception was significant (p-value: 0.006; Rho: 0.343). The prevalence of dento-maxillary anomalies measured by DAI reaches 63 % and the communal DAI was 29.54 stating that the group "requires elective treatment for definite malocclusion"; in private schools, it is underestimated because some cases had already been treated prior to this investigation.

Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi: presentación de casos clínicos / Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: Two cases report

El síndrome de Rubinstein-Taby es una enfermedad sistémica que presenta como problema oftalmológico principal, la hiperfunción de uno o más músculos oblicuos, pudiéndose presentar un síndrome en V. Las enfermedades orgánicas y estructurales son de suma importancia para el paciente, sobre todo las de carácter cardiovascular. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de esta entidad.