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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(6): e0057, 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357120

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A toxoplasmose ocular pode se manifestar de forma atípica, rara, bilateral e associada à necrose retiniana aguda. É apresentada em pacientes imunossuprimidos, resultando em grave perda visual, se não for solucionada rapidamente. Relata-se um caso atípico de toxoplasmose ocular em paciente diabético, que, em sua internação prévia, já evidenciava aspecto sistêmico, o qual foi elucidado pelo exame clínico oftalmológico e pela anamnese. Além disso, a rotina do setor de uveítes, ao solicitar as sorologias de forma direcionada e criteriosa, foi imprescindível para o diagnóstico da toxoplasmose sistêmica associado à lesão ocular atípica bilateral, mimetizando necrose retiniana aguda com desfecho favorável.


Abstract Ocular toxoplasmosis can present with an atypical, rare, bilateral involvement, and associated with acute retinal necrosis. It occurs in immunosuppressed patients, resulting in severe visual loss, if not quickly solved. We report an atypical case of ocular toxoplasmosis in a diabetic patient, who already showed a systemic aspect in a previous hospitalization, which was elucidated by the ophthalmologic examination and history. In addition, the routine of the uveitis sector requesting serology in a directed and careful way was essential for the diagnosis of systemic toxoplasmosis associated with atypical bilateral ocular lesion, mimicking acute retinal necrosis with good outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Fluorescein Angiography , Visual Acuity , Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi , Infectious Mononucleosis
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;82(4): 302-309, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019414

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and types of optic nerve involvement in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: For this retrospective cross-sectional study, we examined all patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis referred to our Uveitis Section during the last 12 years, and we included patients with optic nerve involvement in the study. The primary outcome was the prevalence of optic nerve involvement, and secondary outcomes included the types of optic nerve involvement and the final best-corrected visual acuity after treatment. Results: The prevalence of optic nerve involvement was 14.4%, with the leading cause being the activation of a juxtapapillary lesion (70.5%). We found papillitis in two eyes and neuroretinitis in two eyes (11.7% for each). We only detected one optic nerve involvement secondary to a distant active lesion (5.8%). Sixteen patients (94.1%) had unilateral ocular toxoplasmosis. The overall final best-corrected visual acuity after treatment was 10/10 (LogMAR = 0.0) excluding the three patients with a juxtapapillary scar involving the macula. Conclusions: Optic nerve involvement was common in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. The main type of optic nerve involvement was caused by activation of an old juxtapapillary lesion. Treatment was quickly effective, but the best-corrected visual acuity was dependent on the presence of a scar in the papillomacular bundle.


RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência, características clínicas e tipos de acometimento do nervo óptico em pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular. Métodos: Para este estudo retrospectivo transversal, examinamos todos os pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular ativa encaminhados ao nosso Setor de Uveíte nos últimos 12 anos, e incluímos pacientes com comprometimento do nervo óptico no estudo. O resultado primário foi a prevalência do envolvimento do nervo óptico, e os resultados secundários incluíram os tipos de envolvimento do nervo óptico e a acuidade visual final melhor corrigida após o tratamento. Resultados: A prevalência de acometimento do nervo óptico foi 14,4%, sendo a principal causa a ativação de uma lesão justapapilar (70,5%). Encontramos papilite em dois olhos e neuroretinite em dois olhos (11,7% para cada um). Apenas detectamos um comprometimento do nervo óptico secundário a uma lesão ativa distante (5,8%). Dezesseis pacientes (94,1%) apresentavam toxoplasmose ocular unilateral. A acuidade visual final com melhor correção após o tratamento foi 10/10 (LogMAR= 0,0) excluindo os três pacientes com uma cicatriz justapapilar envolvendo a mácula. Conclusões: O comprometimento do nervo óptico foi comum em pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular. O principal tipo de comprometimento do nervo óptico foi causado pela ativação de uma lesão justapapilar antiga. O tratamento foi rapidamente eficaz, mas a acuidade visual final com melhor correção foi dependente da presença de uma cicatriz no feixe papilomacular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Optic Nerve Diseases/parasitology , Optic Nerve Diseases/pathology , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/pathology , Optic Nerve/pathology , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Retinitis/parasitology , Retinitis/pathology , Time Factors , Turkey/epidemiology , Visual Acuity , Optic Nerve Diseases/drug therapy , Optic Nerve Diseases/epidemiology , Papilledema/parasitology , Papilledema/pathology , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Tertiary Care Centers
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 15(2): 112-115, 20170000. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-875563

ABSTRACT

A toxocaríase humana é uma infecção parasitária de distribuição mundial causada pelos nematelmintos das espécies Toxocara canis e Toxocara cati, presentes no intestino do cão e do gato, respectivamente. Clinicamente, na maioria das vezes, é assintomática, porém pode apresentar-se de duas formas: visceral ou ocular. Visceralmente, gera uma síndrome hipereosinofílica crônica, acompanhada por leucocitose e hepatomegalia, podendo ocorrer algum grau de infiltrado pulmonar e febre. Na toxocaríase ocular, ocorre uveite intermediária ou posterior, podendo haver formação de granuloma, geralmente unilateral. O acometimento misto é raro, o que motivou este relato. Trata-se de paciente de 19 anos, sexo masculino, que apresentou como sintoma inicial perda da acuidade visual em olho esquerdo. Recebeu tratamento, sem melhora, com sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima e corticoide, fazendo farmacodermia. Evoluiu com diarreia, febre, dor abdominal e hepatoesplenomegalia. Descartadas infecções agudas por toxoplasmose, sífilis, vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), citomegalovirose e dengue; apresentou leucocitose com hipereosinofilia. Foi solicitada sorologia para toxocaríase, confirmando esta infecção. Após o tratamento, apresentou completa remissão dos sintomas. O objetivo aqui foi debater os fatores confundidores, diagnósticos diferenciais, necessidade de exames complementares específicos e conduta terapêutica, de acordo com o quadro clínico.(AU)


Human toxocariasis is a worldwide parasitic infection caused by ascarid nematodes species: Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, that are present in the intestines of dogs and cats, respectively. Although clinically, most human infections are asymptomatic, two syndromes of human toxocariasis are recognized: visceral and ocular. The visceral form is a hypereosinophilic syndrome accompanied by leukocytosis, hepatomegaly, some degree of pulmonary infiltrate and fever. In ocular toxacariasis there is intermediate or posterior uveitis, and there may be granuloma formation, usually unilateral. The simultaneous involvement of the two forms is rare, which is what, motivated this report. It is a 19-year-old male patient who initially presented loss of visual acuity in the left eye. He received treatment, without improvement, with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and corticoid, causing a pharmacodermia. He developed diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and hepatosplenomegaly. It was discarded acute infections by toxoplasmosis, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus and dengue. The patient also manifested leukocytosis with hypereosinophilia. Serological testing for toxacariasis was requested, diagnosing the infection. After treatment, he progressed with full symptoms remission. The aim of this study was to discuss confounding factors, differential diagnoses, the need for specific complementary exams and therapeutic management, according to the clinical aspects.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Toxocara canis/pathogenicity , Toxocariasis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Uveitis/diagnosis , Uveitis/drug therapy
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;79(3): 192-194, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787327

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal adverse drug reaction associated with skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and multiple organ injury. A number of pharmacological agents are known to cause DRESS syndrome such as allopurinol, anticonvulsants, vancomycin, trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole, and pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine. Here, we describe two patients who developed DRESS syndrome during ocular treatment. The first case was being treated for late postoperative endophthalmitis with topical antibiotics, intravenous cephalothin, meropenem, and intravitreal injection of vancomycin and ceftazidime before symptoms developed. We were unable to identify the causal drug owing to the large number of medications concurrently administered. The second case presented with DRESS syndrome symptoms during ocular toxoplasmosis treatment. In this case, a clearer association with pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine was observed. As a result of the regular prescription of pharmacological agents associated with DRESS syndrome, ophthalmologists should be aware of the potentially serious complications of DRESS syndrome.


RESUMO Síndrome DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) é uma reação adversa a medicamentos rara e potencialmente fatal, associada à rash cutâneo, febre, eosinofilia e lesão de múltiplos órgãos. Algumas drogas podem desencadeá-la, como: alopurinol, anticonvulsivantes, vancomicina, sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, sulfadiazina-pirimetamina, entre outras. Descrevemos dois casos que desenvolverem DRESS síndrome durante tratamento ocular. O primeiro caso apresentou os sintomas durante tratamento para endoftalmite pós-operatória tardia com antibióticos tópicos, cefalotina e meropenem intravenosos e injeção intravítrea de vancomicina e ceftazidima; não podemos identificar a droga causadora, pois múltiplas medicações foram utilizadas. O segundo caso desenvolveu os sintomas durante tratamento clássico para toxoplasmose ocular, então a associação com sulfadiazina-pirimetamina foi mais clara. Como muitos oftalmologistas prescrevem regularmente drogas que podem desencadear a síndrome DRESS, esse diagnóstico deve ser lembrado já que pode levar a sérias complicações.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/etiology , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/pathology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Antiprotozoal Agents/adverse effects , Skin/pathology , Biopsy , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Endophthalmitis/drug therapy , Intravitreal Injections/adverse effects , Fever/pathology
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;78(4): 216-219, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-759253

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTPurpose:To report the clinical outcomes of local treatment of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (TRC) with intravitreal injections of clindamycin and dexamethasone.Methods:Study population: 16 eyes (16 patients) with active TRC sparing the macula and juxtapapillary area treated with intravitreal injections of clindamycin (1 mg) and dexamethasone (1 mg) without concomitant systemic antitoxoplasmic or anti-inflammatory therapy. Measured parameters: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured by an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. BCVA and clinical characteristics of retinochoroiditis were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary outcome measures: Resolution of retinochoroiditis and changes in BCVA.Results:Control of TRC was achieved in all cases with a mean interval of 2.48 ± 1.03 weeks (2-6 weeks). A single injection of intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone was performed in 12 patients, and four patients required two intravitreal injections, during the follow-up period. Fourteen eyes (87.5%) improved ≥ 2 ETDRS lines of BCVA, of two or more Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study lines, BCVA remained stable in two eyes (12.5%), and no patient had decreased BCVA at the end of the follow-up period. No ocular or systemic adverse events were observed.Conclusion:Local treatment with intravitreal injections of clindamycin and dexamethasone without concomitant systemic therapy was associated with resolution of TRC in patients without macular or juxtapapillary involvement. Intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone may represent a viable treatment option in patients with allergies or inadequate responses to oral medications.


RESUMOObjetivo:Reportar os resultados clínicos do tratamento local da retinocoroidite toxoplásmica com injeções intravítreas de clindamicina e dexametasona.Métodos:População do estudo: 16 olhos (16 pacientes) com retinocoroidite toxoplásmica ativa sem comprometimento da mácula e da área juxtapapilar, tratados com injeções intravítreas de clindamicina (1 mg) e dexametasona (1 mg) sem terapia sistêmica anti-toxoplásmica ou anti-inflamatória concomitante. Procedimento de observação: A melhor acuidade visual corrigida (BCVA) foi medida através da tabela ETDRS. A BCVA e as características clínicas da retinocoroidite foram avaliadas na qualificação, primeiro, terceiro, sexto e 12º mês. Medidas do resultado principal: resolução da retinocoroidite e mudanças na BCVA.Resultados:O controle da retinocoroidite toxoplásmica foi atingido em todos os casos com um intervalo médio de 2,48 ± 1,03 semanas (intervalo de 2 a 6 semanas). Uma única injeção intravítrea de clindamicina e dexametasona foi aplicada em 12 pacientes, e quatro pacientes precisaram de duas injeções durante o seguimento. Quatorze olhos (87,5%) melhoraram ≥ 2 linhas ETDRS de BCVA, a BCVA ficou estável em 2 olhos (12,5%) e nenhum paciente apresentou diminuição da acuidade visual no final do seguimento. Não foram observados eventos adversos sistêmicos ou oculares.Conclusão:O tratamento local com injeções intravítreas de clindamicina e dexametasona sem terapia sistêmica concomitante esteve associado com a resolução da retinocoroidite toxoplásmica em pacientes sem comprometimento macular ou juxtapapilar. A clindamicina e dexametasona intravítrea representam um tratamento promissor em pacientes com intolerância, contraindicação ou resposta inadequada a medicação oral.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Chorioretinitis/drug therapy , Clindamycin/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Chorioretinitis/physiopathology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Intravitreal Injections , Treatment Outcome , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/physiopathology , Vitreous Body , Visual Acuity/physiology
6.
Med. infant ; 22(2): 112-115, Junio 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-905964

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir una forma de presentación atípica de toxoplasmosis ocular, enfatizando la importancia de la jerarquización de los hallazgos clínicos y las limitaciones de la serología para realizar un diagnóstico temprano. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de tres casos clínicos de toxoplasmosis ocular activa, con presentación atípica (compromiso del nervio óptico), derivados al Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital J. P. Garrahan en el periodo comprendido entre 2007 y 2010. Resultados: En los tres casos presentados la sospecha clínica de toxoplasmosis ocular no se correlacionó con evidencia serológica de infección reciente. En un caso, la terapéutica específica temprana, basada en la sospecha clínica, resultó en una excelente recuperación funcional. Un tratamiento tardío puede interferir en el resultado visual. Conclusiones: Basados en los hallazgos clínicos y la alta sospecha de esta patología debe iniciarse el tratamiento específico sin esperar que los resultados serológicos la confirmen. Eventualmente, la mejoría clínica confirmara el diagnóstico. El comportamiento de los títulos de anticuerpos en el curso de la enfermedad ocular no siempre es confiable, y en muchos casos retrasa el comienzo de la terapéutica con la consiguiente mala rehabilitación visual de estos pacientes (AU)


Objective: To describe an atypical presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis, emphasizing the importance of clinical findings and the limitations of serology in the early diagnosis. Patients and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted of three cases with active ocular toxoplasmosis with an atypical presentation (optic nerve involvement), referred to the Department of Ophthalmology of Hospital J. P. Garrahan between 2007 and 2010. Results: In the three cases presented here clinical suspicion of ocular toxoplasmosis did not correlate with serological evidence of a recent infection. In one case, early treatment, based on clinical suspicion, resulted in excellent functional recovery. Late management may compromise visual outcome. Conclusions: Based on clinical findings and suspicion of the pathology, specific treatment should be started without waiting for serological confirmation. Eventually, clinical improvement will confirm the diagnosis. The behavior of antibody titres in the course of the ocular disease is not always reliable and often delays treatment initiation with subsequent difficulties in the visual rehabilitation of these patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Inflammation/parasitology , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Optic Nerve Diseases/parasitology , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Sulfadiazine/therapeutic use
7.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-19714

ABSTRACT

Ocular toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the infection with Toxoplasma gondii through congenital or acquired routes. Once the parasite reaches the retina, it proliferates within host cells followed by rupture of the host cells and invasion into neighboring cells to make primary lesions. Sometimes the restricted parasite by the host immunity in the first scar is activated to infect another lesion nearby the scar. Blurred vision is the main complaint of ocular toxoplasmic patients and can be diagnosed by detection of antibodies or parasite DNA. Ocular toxoplasmosis needs therapy with several combinations of drugs to eliminate the parasite and accompanying inflammation; if not treated it sometimes leads to loss of vision. We describe here clinical features and currently available chemotherapy of ocular toxoplasmosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(2): 312-315, Mar. 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-533523

ABSTRACT

The current treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis is controversial. The mainstay of treatment has been pyrimethamine and sulphonamides with or without systemic corticosteroids, but the actual evidence that antibiotics have a beneficial effect in recurrent toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is unsupported by randomised placebo controlled trials. Thus far there have only been three studies looking at the efficacy of antibiotic treatment, all of which were methodologically weak and two of which were perfomed more than 30 years ago. All studies reported adverse effects from treatment. There is an urgent need for further randomised, double blind, placebo controlled studies for lesions in all parts of the retina and to test the efficacy of adjunctive corticosteroid treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Chorioretinitis/prevention & control
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(2): 345-350, Mar. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-533526

ABSTRACT

Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis worldwide. The infection can be acquired congenitally or postnatally and ocular lesions may present during or years after the acute infection occur. Current treatment controls ocular infection and inflammation, but does not prevent recurrences. We present a review and update on ocular toxoplasmosis and address misconceptions still found in the current medical literature.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular , Chorioretinitis/parasitology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/drug therapy , Recurrence , Toxoplasma/genetics , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/congenital , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy
10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;70(6): 901-904, nov.-dez. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-474091

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report the findings of indocyanine green angiography performed in patients with recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Institutional prospective analysis of 23 eyes from 23 immunocompetent patients with recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis aged between 17 and 41 years. These patients underwent a complete ocular examination including indocyanine green angiography. RESULTS: Multiple hypofluorescent spots distant from the recurrent active lesion of retinochoroidal toxoplasmosis were found in 26.08 percent of the patients. We also found multiple hypofluorescent satellite dots in 69.56 percent of the patients. CONCLUSION: These remote dots seen suggest either a more widespread choroidal involvement in this disease and this can represent simply remote collections of inflammatory cells or subclinical infection.


OBJETIVOS: Relatar os achados da angiografia com indocianina verde, realizados em pacientes com recidiva de toxoplasmose ocular. MÉTODOS: Análise institucional e prospectiva de 23 olhos de 23 pacientes, imunocompetentes com idades entre 17 e 41 anos. Estes pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico de rotina e a angiografia com indocianina verde. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados múltiplos pontos hipofluorescentes distantes da lesão ativa recidivada da toxoplasmose retino-coroidiana em 26,08 por cento dos casos, chamados por nós de pontos remotos e encontramos também, pontos hipofluorescentes circundando ou próximos da lesão ativa recidivada em 69,56 por cento dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Os pontos hipofluorescentes distantes da lesão ativa recidivada, chamados de pontos remotos, não descritos previamente na doença, demonstram um maior envolvimento da coróide e podem significar coleções remotas de células inflamatórias ou infecção subclínica.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Choroiditis/diagnosis , Coloring Agents , Fluorescein Angiography , Indocyanine Green , Retinitis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Choroiditis/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Retinitis/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy
11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;70(3): 513-516, maio-jun. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-459842

ABSTRACT

Description of a case of acute acquired ocular toxoplasmosis following hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. A 41-year-old man presenting hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, confirmed in the laboratory by detection of IgM antibodies to the virus, was submitted to high doses of intravenous corticosteroids for two months. After clinical improvement of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome the patient presented visual loss in both eyes that was secondary to a toxoplasmosis retinitis. The retinitis resolved with anti-toxoplasma therapy. Acquired toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis can occur following steroid therapy for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.


Descrição de um caso de toxoplasmose ocular adquirida pós-síndrome pulmonar por hantavírus. Paciente com 41 anos do sexo masculino apresentando síndrome pulmonar por hantavírus, confirmado no laboratório pela detecção de anticorpos IGM para o vírus, foi submetido a altas doses de corticosteróides intravenosos durante dois meses. Após melhora clínica da síndrome pulmonar por hantavírus, apresentou perda visual em ambos os olhos secundária a retinite por toxoplasmose confirmada com sorologia (IGG e IGM positivo) A retinite resolveu após terapia sistêmica específica. A retinite por toxoplasmose pode ocorrer após terapia sistêmica com esteróide para síndrome pulmonar por hantavírus.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Choroiditis/immunology , Immunocompromised Host , Retinitis/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/immunology , Acute Disease , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Choroiditis/diagnosis , Choroiditis/drug therapy , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/drug therapy , Retinitis/diagnosis , Retinitis/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;70(1): 157-160, jan.-fev. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453148

ABSTRACT

The purpose is to report a complication after photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal triamcinolone for a presumed choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Photodynamic therapy and intravitreal triamcinolone were used in an 84-year-old man with choroidal neovascularization in the left eye. Forty-five days after therapy, the patient returned with a severe necrotizing uveitis in the posterior pole and vitritis. Laboratory investigation disclosed a high anti-Toxoplasma IgG titer. Therapy with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine and folinic acid resulted in total lesion healing although central vision was lost. Intravitreal triamcinolone may have had an influence on the exacerbation of retinochoroiditis in the posterior pole of the patient. Although rare, this complication may not be disregarded in the cases that require intraocular corticosteroids for treatment of several conditions, especially in patients who had previously suffered from toxoplasmosis infection.


O objetivo é relatar complicação após terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) e triancinolona intravítrea para presumida neovascularização de coróide em degeneração macular relacionada à idade. A terapia fotodinâmica e triancinolona intravítrea foram utilizados em paciente de 84 anos, do sexo masculino, com neovascularização de coróide no olho esquerdo. Quarenta e cinco dias após o tratamento, o paciente retornou com grave retinite necrosante do pólo posterior e vitreíte. Investigação laboratorial indicou alto título de IgG anti-Toxoplasma. Tratamento com pirimetamina, sulfadiazina e ácido folínico levaram à total cicatrização da lesão embora a visão central tenha sido comprometida. Conclui-se que a triancinolona intravítrea pode ter influenciado na exacerbação da retinocoroidite no pólo posterior do paciente. Embora rara, esta complicação não pode ser descartada nos casos que necessitem corticóide intra-ocular para tratamento de várias doenças, principalmente em pacientes que tenham tido surtos prévios de toxoplasmose ocular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Chorioretinitis/immunology , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Immunocompromised Host , Porphyrins/administration & dosage , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/immunology , Triamcinolone Acetonide/adverse effects , Chorioretinitis/drug therapy , Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology , Choroidal Neovascularization/therapy , Fluorescein Angiography , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Macular Degeneration/complications , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/administration & dosage , Severity of Illness Index , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Triamcinolone Acetonide/administration & dosage , Visual Acuity
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;68(6): 773-775, nov.-dez. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420185

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever o comprometimento ocular em pacientes com AIDS e toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central, comparando os períodos pré e pós-terapia anti-retroviral (HAART). MÉTODOS: Em estudo retrospectivo, comparamos 118 pacientes com AIDS e toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central que foram examinados em nossa instituição antes do pré e pós-terapia anti-retroviral (1994-1996) com 24 pacientes com AIDS e toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central que foram tratados com pré e pós-terapia anti-retroviral (1996-1999). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo e a testes específicos para confirmar o diagnóstico e não houve interseção entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: No grupo pré e pós-terapia anti-retroviral, foi encontrado 23 por cento de toxoplasmose ocular entre os pacientes com toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central. O envolvimento ocular foi bilateral em 37 por cento dos casos. No grupo dos pacientes que receberam pré e pós-terapia anti-retroviral, que tinham CD4 médio de 256 cel/mm³ e carga viral média de 52.620 cópias, 16,6 por cento apresentaram concomitantemente toxoplasmose ocular e toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central. O envolvimento ocular foi bilateral em 50 por cento dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com AIDS e toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central apresentam freqüente associação com toxoplasmose ocular. Embora a incidência de infecções oportunistas tenha diminuído desde a introdução de pré e pós-terapia anti-retroviral, a toxoplasmose ocular continua sendo freqüente em pacientes com toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central.


Subject(s)
Humans , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/complications , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/parasitology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy
15.
Rev. mex. oftalmol ; 74(1): 5-10, ene.-feb. 2000. tab, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-294992

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La finalidad de este estudio es determinar la tolerancia y eficacia de la pirimetamina y clindamicina solos o combinados como tratamiento antiparasitario de uso habitual en los pacientes con toxoplasmosis ocular activa. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron 46 pacientes divididos en tres grupos de tratamiento 1) pirimetamina y trimetoprim + sulmametoxazol. Se llevó a cabo seguimiento de la evolución para analizar la mejor respuesta clínica a cada una de las combinaciones de tratamiento. Resultados: En el grupo de pirimetamina hubo menor tiempo de resolución de la inflamación (p= 0.0446) y cicatrización (p= 0.016). En todos los grupos se midió mejoría en la capacidad visual (p< 0.05). Conclusiones: Recomendamos utilizar la pirimetamina como primer antiparasitario, y clindamicina como segunda opción. La combinación de ambos no ofrece beneficios adicionales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Uveitis/etiology , Chorioretinitis/etiology
17.
Assiut Medical Journal. 1995; 19 (1): 1-10
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-36443

ABSTRACT

Ten cases with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, probably congenital, were studied. They were 7 males and 3 females with an average age of 20.4 years. The condition was unilateral in 8 patients and bilateral in 2. The fundus lesions were mainly macular in most of them showing sings of activity in 8 eyes, while in 4 eyes it was inactive. This was proved by fluorescein fundus angiography and correlated with the results of ELISA test for toxoplasmosis. All patients except one [a child] with active lesions were improved with systemic steroids [oral] combined with antitoxoplasmic drugs


Subject(s)
Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis , Eye
19.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 51(2): 23-9, 1994.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-164824

ABSTRACT

Debido a la creciente importancia de las infecciones oportunistas por toxoplasma gondii en diferentes estados de deficiencia inmunitaria, se dan a conocer algunos aspectos importantes publicados en la literatura universal, sobre toxoplasmosis ocular en este tipo de pacientes, especialmente aquellos infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Casos de retinocoroiditis toxoplásmica destructiva, con pérdida total de la visión, fueron observados en pacientes inmunocomprometidos tratados con corticoides a dosis altas. La experiencia con la toxoplasmosis ocular en pacientes infectados con el VIH es aún limitada y su frecuencia no ha podido establecerse con certeza. Sin embargo, se considera que la toxoplasmosis ocuparía el segundo lugar en frecuencia e importancia de la retinitis en los pacientes con SIDA, por lo que debería considerarse en estos casos, junto a la infección por CMV, en el diagnóstico diferencial de las retinitis extensas. Las lesiones oculares pueden aparecer como la primera manifestación de la toxoplasmosis, conjuntamente o a continuación de una encefalitis por T. gondii. Además, se observaron casos en que el diagnóstico de la toxoplasmosis ocular precedió el del SIDA. Las lesiones retinales son extensas y causan serio deterioro de la agudeza visual. El reconocimiento precoz del agente infeccioso oportunista, a través de exámenes de laboratorio, es de vital importancia, ya que se ha demostrado que la toxoplasmosis ocular en pacientes con SIDA responde favorablemente al tratamiento específico, si se inicia en forma precoz y se mantiene de por vida. Con respecto al origen de la toxoplasmosis ocular en el SIDA, no existe consenso. Algunos casos podrían corresponder a infecciones toxoplásmicas recientes; sin embargo, no se puede descartar la aparición de reactivaciones a nivel del ojo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Immunocompromised Host , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/immunology , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Drug Therapy, Combination , Eye Injuries , Eye Manifestations , Prevalence , Serologic Tests , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Toxoplasma/pathogenicity , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/etiology
20.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 101(3): 238-44, jul.-sept. 1993.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-137185

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio terapéutico comparativo en dos grupos de pacientes con toxoplasmosis ocular, tratados uno con pirimetamina y el otro con clindamicina, ambos fármacos asociados a sulfadiazina, por vía oral. La retinocoroiditis toxoplasmósica se encontró en un 68,5 por ciento en menores de 30 años de edad con ligero predominio por el sexo femenino y con lesiones en el ojo izquierdo. En más del 75 por ciento de los casos la serología antitoxoplasma fue de 1:2048 o menor y aproximadamente el 90 por ciento de los casos las lesiones oculares cicatrizaron antes de las 8 semanas de tratamiento continuo con cualquiera de los esquemas terapéuticos. La tolerancia de los fármacos fue excelente y se presentaron algunas recaídas antes del año una vez finalizado el tratamiento


Subject(s)
Humans , Case-Control Studies , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use , Sulfadiazine/therapeutic use , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/drug therapy
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