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1.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 38(4): 190-197, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846391

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy is characterized by a high prevalence of mental disorders. Depression is the most common of these disorders and it is a risk factor for negative maternal and child development outcomes. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are conventional and well-established therapeutic options, but some clients fail to respond and the safety of using some pharmacological agents during pregnancy is unclear. Some neuromodulation techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), have been studied in depressed pregnant women. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of rTMS for major depression in pregnant women. Methods: The LILACS and PubMed databases were reviewed using the search terms depression, pregnancy and magnetic stimulation. Texts including primary data, published in Portuguese, Spanish, or English, between 1995 and 2014, that evaluated depressed pregnant women and used rTMS as the intervention were selected. Papers lacking sufficient data were excluded. Twenty-two texts were initially identified; after applying the inclusion criteria, 12 were selected and analyzed. Results: The studies reviewed reported satisfactory responses to rTMS in acute depressive episodes, as measured using depressive symptom scales. Remission of symptoms was achieved in many cases. The procedure was well tolerated and there were no reports of damage/complications to unborn children. Conclusion: The data available at this time support the efficacy and tolerability of rTMS for depression in pregnant women. Controlled studies should corroborate this conclusion. This review only included studies in three languages and the resulting sample size was not large enough to conduct a meta-analysis.


Resumo Introdução: A gestação é caracterizada por uma alta prevalência de transtornos mentais. A depressão é a mais comum entre essas doenças e é fator de risco para desfechos negativos maternos e de desenvolvimento da criança. Psicoterapia e farmacoterapia são opções terapêuticas convencionais e bem estabelecidas, mas algumas pacientes não apresentam resposta, e a segurança do uso de alguns psicofármacos durante a gestação não é clara. Algumas técnicas de neuromodulação, como estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva ( repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation , rTMS), vêm sendo estudadas em gestantes com depressão. Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança e a eficácia da rTMS para depressão maior em mulheres gestantes. Métodos: As bases de dados LILACS e PubMed foram revisadas utilizando os termos depressão, gestação e estimulação magnética. Textos originais, publicados em português, espanhol, ou inglês, entre 1995 e 2014, que avaliaram gestantes com depressão e utilizaram rTMS como intervenção, foram selecionados. Artigos com dados insuficientes foram excluídos. Vinte e dois textos foram inicialmente identificados; após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 12 foram selecionados e analisados. Resultados: Os estudos revisados demonstraram resposta satisfatória com rTMS em episódios depressivos agudos, avaliada com escalas de sintomas depressivos. Houve remissão em muitos casos. O procedimento foi bem tolerado e não houve relatos de danos/complicações aos bebês. Conclusão: Os dados disponíveis até o momento sugerem a eficácia e tolerabilidade de rTMS para depressão em gestantes. Estudos controlados devem corroborar esta conclusão. Esta revisão incluiu apenas estudos em três idiomas e resultou em um tamanho amostral insuficiente para conduzir uma metanálise.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Depressive Disorder, Major/complications , Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/adverse effects
2.
Invest. clín ; 54(1): 74-89, mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740338

ABSTRACT

La estimulación magnética transcraneal ha llamado la atención de neurocientíficos y público en general por la posibilidad de estimular y “controlar” el sistema nervioso de forma no invasiva, realizar diagnósticos más exactos, y aplicar tratamientos y programas de rehabilitación más efectivos en múltiples enfermedades que afectan el sistema nervioso. Así mismo, esta novedosa herramienta ha ayudado a develar la complejidad del comportamiento neural, sus conexiones y su modulación plástica. La estimulación magnética aplicada de manera simple o pareada, se ha convertido en una alternativa útil en el diagnóstico de enfermedades como esclerosis múltiple, enfermedad de Parkinson, epilepsia, distonía, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, enfermedad cerebro vascular, así como el sueño y sus trastornos, entre otras alteraciones. A nivel terapéutico, se ha sugerido el uso de la estimulación magnética repetitiva con diferentes niveles de evidencia en depresión refractaria a tratamiento farmacológico convencional, tinitus, afonía psicógena, enfermedad de Alzheimer, autismo, enfermedad de Parkinson, distonías, accidente cerebro vascular, epilepsia, trastornos de ansiedad generalizada, estrés post-traumático, alucinaciones auditivas, dolor crónico, afasias, trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, disquinesias inducidas por L-Dopa, manía y síndrome de Rasmussen, entre otros trastornos. Su beneficio en neurorehabilitación es una realidad inocultable, en cuyo caso se ha podido usar con efectividad y, prácticamente, sin efectos secundarios.


Magnetic stimulation has called the attention of neuroscientists and the public due to the possibility to stimulate and “control” the nervous system in a non-invasive way. It has helped to make more accurate diagnosis, and apply more effective treatments and rehabilitation protocols in several diseases that affect the nervous system. Likewise, this novel tool has increased our knowledge about complex neural behavior, its connections as well as its plastic modulation. Magnetic stimulation applied in simple or paired-pulse protocols is a useful alternative in the diagnosis of diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, epilepsy, dystonia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, and sleep disorders. From the therapeutic perspective, magnetic stimulation applied repetitively has been found useful, with different degrees of efficacy, in treating resistant depression, tinnitus, psychogenic dysphonia, Alzheimer disease, autism, Parkinson disease, dystonia, stroke, epilepsy, generalized anxiety as well as post traumatic stress disorder, auditory hallucinations, chronic pain, aphasias, obsessive-compulsive disorders, L-dopa induced dyskynesia, mania and Rasmussen syndrome, among others. The potential of magnetic stimulation in neurorehabilitation is outstanding, with excellent range of safety and, in practical terms, without side effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/trends , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/metabolism , Brain Diseases/therapy , Mental Disorders/metabolism , Mental Disorders/therapy , Nervous System Diseases/metabolism , Nervous System Diseases/rehabilitation , Neurotransmitter Agents/blood , Neurotransmitter Agents/cerebrospinal fluid , Patient Safety , Patient Selection , Surveys and Questionnaires , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/adverse effects , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods
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