ABSTRACT
Abstract The genus Cotylophoron belongs to the Paramphistomidae family and its definitive hosts are ruminants in general. This work describes the presence of a new species of the gender, a parasite in the rumen and reticulum of Bubalus bubalis, on Marajó Island in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, using of light microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and molecular biology techniques. One hundred and ten animals were analyzed, of which 4.54% were parasitized by flukes in their adult forms. The helminths were found fixed to the ruminal mucosa and present Liorchis-type pharynx, Cotylophoron-type genital sucker, oblique testicles larger than the ovary, uterus in rings full of eggs and Cotylophoron-type acetabulum. These morphologic characters do not fit into any previously described species. Thus, it is proposed that this is a new species in the genus Cotylophoron. The present work expands the record of parasitism by helminths in Bubalus bubalis, this being the first record of trematoda from the genus Cotylophoron for this host in the Brazilian Amazon.
Resumo O gênero Cotylophoron pertence à família Paramphistomidae e possui como hospedeiros definitivos ruminantes em geral. Este trabalho descreve a presença de uma espécie nova do gênero, parasito do rúmen e retículo de Bubalus bubalis, na Ilha de Marajó, Amazônia oriental brasileira, a partir das técnicas de microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e biologia molecular. Foram analisados 110 animais, dos quais 4,54% estavam parasitados por trematódeos na sua forma adulta. Os helmintos foram encontrados fixados à mucosa ruminal, apresentando faringe do tipo Liorchis, ventosa genital do tipo Cotylophoron, testículos oblíquos maiores que o ovário, útero em alças repleto de ovos, e acetábulo do tipo Cotylophoron. Estes caracteres morfológicos não se enquadram em nenhuma espécie previamente descrita. Assim, propõe-se uma nova espécie ao gênero Cotylophoron. O presente trabalho amplia o registro do parasitismo por helmintos em Bubalus bubalis, sendo este o primeiro registro de trematódeos do gênero Cotylophoron nesse hospedeiro para a Amazônia brasileira.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Paramphistomatidae/classification , Paramphistomatidae/genetics , Paramphistomatidae/ultrastructure , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Trematode Infections/epidemiology , Buffaloes/parasitology , Species Specificity , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Helminth/geneticsABSTRACT
Abstract Platynosomiasis is a hepatopathy caused by Platynosomum illiciens(= P. fastosum) (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae), which occurs mainly in domestic and wild cats in tropical and subtropical areas. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of P. illiciens infection in domestic cats in the city of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, using necropsy and coproparasitological tests. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the use of two different techniques to diagnose P. illiciens infection in domestic cats and verify whether this parasitism was associated with individual feline characteristics. For this, 54 cats of different ages were analyzed. The percentage of infection was 33.3% (CI = 21.1-47.5%), parasite load was 9-509, mean intensity was 151.7, and mean abundance was 50.5 trematodes per animal. The risk of infection was higher for females than for males (OR = 5.00; P = 0.017). The spontaneous sedimentation coproparasitological test demonstrated the greatest sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing P. illiciens. This study is the first to report the occurrence of P. illiciens in cats in the state of Tocantins, northern Brazil.
Resumo A platinosomose é uma hepatopatia causada por Platynosomum illiciens(= P. fastosum) (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae), que ocorre principalmente em felinos domésticos e selvagens de áreas tropicais e subtropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de P. illiciens em gatos domésticos do município de Araguaína, Tocantins, Brasil, por meio de necrópsia e exames coproparasitológicos, bem como avaliar o uso de diferentes técnicas no diagnóstico de P. illiciens em gatos domésticos e verificar a associação da parasitose com características individuais dos felinos. O estudo foi realizado em 54 gatos com diferentes idades, machos e fêmeas. O percentual de infecção foi de 33,3% (IC= 21,1% - 47,5%), a carga parasitária observada foi de 09-509, a intensidade média de 151,7 e a abundância média de 50,5 trematódeos por animal. As fêmeas apresentaram maior chance de infecção do que os machos (OR=5,00; P=0,017). O teste coproparasitológico que demonstrou maior sensibilidade e especificidade foi o de sedimentação espontânea. O presente estudo faz o primeiro relato da ocorrência de P. illiciens em gatos no estado do Tocantins, região Norte do Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Cats , Trematoda/isolation & purification , Trematode Infections/diagnosis , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Trematoda/classification , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Trematode Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Feces/parasitology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract Digenetic eucotylids of the Paratanaisia genus are widely reported parasites of the avian renal system. The infection, commonly reported in free-living and zoo-housed birds, is described for the first time in a domiciled bird, a cockatiel kept as pet bird with free access to the yard outdoors. The bird was received at Veterinary Hospital, where clinical and radiographic evaluations suggested a case of heavy-metal poisoning. Although the bird received supportive care and a chelating agent, it died the next day. The necropsy showed friable kidneys and congestion of blood vessels in structures such as the skin, proventriculus, brain, and skullcap. The histopathological evaluation of the kidneys revealed multifocal hemorrhages, commonly found in cases of heavy-metal poisoning. Parasitic structures similar to those of the digenean trematodes Paratanaisia spp. were also observed inside dilated collecting ducts, which presented epithelial cell flattening and vacuolization. There was compression of adjacent tissue and discrete fibrotic areas. In the presence of intermediate hosts in the yard, the synanthropic nature of some wild free-living birds could make them a source of trematodes infection and dissemination for pet birds. Conversely, the infected cockatiel could also have served as a reservoir and carrier of trematodes to wild free-living birds.
Resumo Eucotilídeos digenéticos do gênero Paratanaisia são amplamente descritos como parasitas do trato urinário de aves. A infecção, comumente relatada em aves de vida livre e em zoológicos, é descrita pela primeira vez em uma ave domiciliada, uma calopsita mantida como ave de companhia com livre acesso ao jardim externo. A ave foi recebida no Hospital Veterinário onde avaliações clínicas e radiográficas sugeriram um quadro de intoxicação por metal pesado. Embora tenha recebido tratamento de suporte e agente quelante a ave veio a óbito no dia seguinte. A necropsia demonstrou rins de consistência friável e congestão dos vasos sanguíneos da pele, proventrículo, cérebro e calota craniana. A avaliação histopatológica dos rins revelou hemorragias multifocais comumente observadas em intoxicação por metais pesados. Estruturas parasitárias similares àquelas observadas em Paratanaisia spp. foram observadas no interior de ductos coletores dilatados, os quais apresentavam achatamento e vacuolização de células epiteliais. Havia compressão do tecido adjacente e discretas áreas de fibrose. Na presença de hospedeiros intermediários no jardim, a condição sinantrópica de algumas aves de vida livre poderia torná-las fonte de infecção e disseminação de trematódeos para aves domiciliadas. Em contrapartida, a calopsita infectada poderia também servir como reservatório e carreador de trematódeos para aves de vida livre.
Subject(s)
Animals , Trematoda/classification , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Cockatoos/parasitology , Trematoda/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Objective: To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province. Methods: This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases, 2014-2015. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection, taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships. In each survey spot, 250 persons were surveyed. A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed. Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes. Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm. The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape. The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method. Results: The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was2.02% in Henan, and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate. Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found, including nematode (5 species), trematode (2 species), and protozoan (7 species). The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest, and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan. There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rate between males and females (χ(2)=3.630, P=0.057), and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (χ(2)=124.783, P=0.000 1). The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis. Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (χ(2)=70.969, P=0.000 1), the differences had significance (χ(2)=120.118, P=0.000 1). For different populations, the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children. The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild, only 2 severe cases were detected. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (χ(2)=15.765, P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (χ(2)=45.589, P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection, and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection. The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys, and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey. The numbers of protozoa, helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys. Conclusions: Compared the results of three surveys in Henan, the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend. The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Clonorchiasis/epidemiology , Farmers , Feces/parasitology , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Helminths , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Prevalence , Protective Factors , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Soil Microbiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Taeniasis/epidemiology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Urban Population , Water WellsABSTRACT
Abstract This study presents the helminthofauna of digenean parasites of Acestrorhynchus falcirostris in the state of Amazonas (Brazil). Eight species belonging to four families were recovered: Metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum compactum (Diplostomidae) and Clinostomum marginatum (Clinostomidae) and mature specimens of Bellumcorpus majus, Prosorhynchoides carvajali, Rhipidocotyle santanaensis (Bucephalidae); Prosthenhystera obesa (Callodistomidae); Genarchella genarchella (Derogenidae) and Phyllodistomum spatula (Gorgoderidae). Examining specimens belonging to the genus Bellumcorpus collected from A. falcirostris, were observed a great variation in the size and shape of testes, which also could be observed in the type specimens of Bellumcorpus majus and B. schubarti. Considering the similar morphology and morphometric characteristics of both species, in this paper B. schubarti is considered synonym of B. majus. Acestrorhynchus falcirostris is a new host records for all these species of digenean, except to A. compactum and C. marginatum. Prosorhynchoides carvajali is referred for the first time in Brazil.
Resumo Esse estudo apresenta a fauna helmintológica de Digenea parasitos de Acestrorhynchus falcirostris no estado do Amazonas. Oito espécies pertencentes a quatro famílias foram estudadas: Metacercarias de Austrodiplostomum compactum (Diplostomidae) e Clinostomum marginatum (Clinostomidae) e espécimes adultos de Bellumcorpus majus, Prosorhynchoides carvajali, Rhipidocotyle santanaensis (Bucephalidae); Prosthenhystera obesa (Callodistomidae); Genarchella genarchella (Derogenidae) e Phyllodistomum spatula (Gorgoderidae). Examinando espécimes pertencentes ao gênero Bellumcorpus coletados de A. falcirostris, foi observada uma grande variação no tamanho e forma dos testículos, que também pode ser observada nos espécimes tipo de Bellumcorpus majus e B. schubarti. Considerando a morfologia e características morfométricas similares de ambas as espécies, neste artigo, B. schubarti é considerado sinônimo de B. majus. Acestrorhynchus falcirostris representa um novo hospedeiro para todas essas espécies de Digenea, exceto para A. compactum e C. marginatum. Prosorhynchoides carvajali é referido pela primeira vez no Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Trematoda/physiology , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Characiformes/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Trematoda/isolation & purification , Trematode Infections/parasitology , BrazilABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Monogenoidea pathogenic activity can elicit various histological responses in fish. Species of Ligophorus are specific parasites of mullets, and its relationship with host fish may result in a moderate pathogenic action. In order to ascertain this relationship, estuarine mullets (Mugil liza) were collected in an estuary, reared in laboratory, for three weeks, and forwarded for histological and parasitological analyses. Ligophorus uruguayense (Monogenoidea) infestation in the gills of the mullets was identified. The severe infestation by only one species of Monogenoidea may result from the specificity of these parasites to mullets. Mullets submitted to histological analysis exhibited respiratory epithelium detachment; mild, moderate and severe hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium; atrophy; and telangiectasia of the gills. This is the first study reporting that mullets highly infested by Monogenoidea can show mild (100%) to severe (20%) gill changes with a distinct frequency of occurrence. Because of the high prevalence of mild alterations observed, it is possible to accept that L. uruguayense is moderately pathogenic to M. liza, even during high prevalence and intensity of infestation, as a result of its specificity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Platyhelminths/pathogenicity , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Smegmamorpha/parasitology , Gills/parasitology , Trematode Infections/pathology , Brazil , Smegmamorpha/classificationABSTRACT
Abstract Up until now, there have been few studies of the helminth fauna of Brazilian populations of Pogonias cromis. In North America, P. cromis is known to be a definitive host of Cotylogaster basiri, although there have been no reports of any species of Cotylogaster infecting fish in Brazil. During necropsies of marine fish obtained from professional fisherman in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, specimens of C. basiri were found in the intestine and rectum of P. cromis. In comparison with previous studies, differences were found in relation to the number of lobes in the buccal disc and the development of the biocellate larvae in the eggs of C. basiri. This is the first report of C. basiri in P. cromis from Brazil, contributing to the understanding of the helminth fauna of this fish from the coastal zone of Brazil.
Resumo Até a presente data, existem poucos estudos sobre a helmintofauna de Pogonias cromis para o Brasil. Na América do Norte, P. cromis foi registrada como hospedeira de Cotylogaster basiri e, até o presente momento, não existem registros de qualquer espécie de Cotylogaster em peixes no Brasil. Em necropsias de peixes marinhos adquiridos por pescadores profissionais, foram encontrados espécimes de C. basiri no intestino e reto de P. cromis no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Quando comparada com a literatura, foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao número de lobos do funil oral e ao desenvolvimento da larva biocelar dentro dos ovos de C. basiri. Este é o primeiro registro de C. basiri em P. cromis para o Brasil, contribuindo para o conhecimento da helmintofauna desse peixe na costa brasileira.
Subject(s)
Animals , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Perciformes/parasitology , BrazilABSTRACT
Abstract Platynosomiasis is a common feline hepatic disease caused by Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda - Dicrocoelidae), which is also known as ‘lizard poisoning’. Most reports of feline platynosomiasis show that this disease is sporadic and manifests with uncommon lesions; its pathogenicity is still not well understood. This study aimed to describe liver injuries and enzymatic changes associated with natural P. fastosum infection in 47 stray cats in an endemic area. Overall, 38.3% (18/47) of cats were parasitized, and 2,358 flukes (P. fastosum) were collected (131 – mean intensity of parasitism; 50.2 – mean abundance). The alanine transaminase (ALT) measure was significantly higher in parasitized animals, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no statistical difference between parasitized and non-parasitized animals. In infected animals, gross pathological lesions and microscopic liver injuries ranged from mild to severe, and were similar to those in previous descriptions of feline platynosomiasis. Nonetheless, the intensity of parasitism was not related to the severity of macroscopic or microscopic hepatic injuries. However, feline platynosomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of feline liver disorders, as well as, in any program of helminth control, even if no clinical abnormalities are present.
Resumo Platinossomiase é uma doença hepática felina comum causada por Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda - Dicrocoelidae), também é conhecida como “envenenamento por lagartixa”. A maioria dos relatos de platinossomiase felina mostra que esta doença é esporádica e se manifesta com lesões incomuns; sua patogenicidade ainda não é bem compreendida. Este estudo objetivou descrever as lesões no fígado e alterações enzimáticas associadas à infecção natural por P. fastosum em 47 gatos errantes em uma área endêmica. No total, 38,3% (18/47) dos gatos estavam parasitados, e 2.358 trematódeos (P. fastosum) foram coletados (131 – intensidade média de parasitismo; 50,2 – abundância média). A quantidade de alanina transaminase (ALT) foi significativamente maior nos animais parasitados, enquanto a fosfatase alcalina (ALP) não apresentou diferença estatística entre os animais parasitados e não parasitados. Nos animais infectados, lesões patológicas macroscópicas e microscópicas hepáticas variaram de leve a grave, e foram semelhantes a descrições anteriores de platinossomiase felina. No entanto, a intensidade do parasitismo não foi relacionada à gravidade das lesões hepáticas macroscópicas ou microscópicas. Contudo, a platinossomiase felina deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de distúrbios hepáticos em felinos, assim como, em qualquer programa de controle de helmintos, mesmo que nenhuma anormalidade clínica esteja presente.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cat Diseases/pathology , Dicrocoeliidae/isolation & purification , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Trematoda , Trematode Infections/enzymology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Trematode Infections/pathology , Cat Diseases/enzymology , Alanine Transaminase , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/enzymology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/pathologyABSTRACT
Abstract This study reports the occurrence of Austrodiplostomum compactum metacercariae in the freshwater fish Schizodon intermedius (ximborê/piava) from a Neotropical reservoir in the Paranapanema River, state of São Paulo, Brazil. From a total of 75 fish collected, we found 38 infected with A. compactum metacercariae (prevalence = 50.67%) in the eyes. The mean intensity of infection and mean abundance were 9.05 ± 4.26 (1-155) and 4.59 ± 2.20 (0-155), respectively. Poulin's Discrepancy Index was 0.87 and four specimens presented more than 10 metacercariae in their eyes. No correlation was observed between parasite abundance and standard length, total weight and condition factor (p>0.05). These metacercariae are reported for the first time in S. intermedius.
Resumo Este estudo reporta a ocorrência de metacercárias de Austrodiplostomum compactum na espécie de peixe de água doce Schizodon intermedius (ximborê/piava), oriunda de um reservatório Neotropical no rio Paranapanema, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Um total de 75 peixes foram coletados, sendo que 38 estavam infectados com metacercárias de A. compactum (prevalência = 50,67%) nos olhos. A intensidade média de infecção e abundância média foram 9,05 ± 4,26 (1-155) e 4,59 ± 2,20 (0-155), respectivamente. O Índice de Discrepância de Poulin foi de 0,87, e quatro exemplares apresentaram mais do que 10 metacercárias em seus olhos. Não foram observadas correlação entre abundância média e comprimento padrão, peso total e fator de condição (p>0,05). Esse é o primeiro registro dessa espécie de metacercária para S. intermedius.
Subject(s)
Trematode Infections/veterinary , Eye Infections, Parasitic/veterinary , Characiformes/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Brazil , Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology , Metacercariae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Abstract This study evaluated the parasite fauna of farmed hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) and the host-parasite-environment relationship in two fish farms located in Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil, South America. A total of 120 hybrids from two different farms, 60 in each season (30 in the hot and 30 in cold season) were examined during a year. Water quality was weekly measured to evaluate the interaction among environmental conditions and parasitism. Histopathology was used to observe the effects of the parasites and environment on the fish gills. The ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and the monogeneans (Ameloblastella sp., Amphocleithrium paraguayensis, Vancleaveus ciccinus, V. fungulus and V. janacauensis) were the most prevalent parasites detected in both seasons in both farms, with prevalence above 80%. It was stated that parasites did not cause important damage in the health status of the hybrid surubim. These results might be related to general good management practices and environmental quality implemented by the fish farmers. The presence of uncommon monogenean parasites to this hybrid compared to their parents causing an environmental and ecological concern is here discussed.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou a fauna de parasitos do surubim híbrido cultivado (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) e a relação hospedeiro-parasito-ambiente em duas pisciculturas localizadas no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, região Centro-Oeste, Brasil. Um total de 120 híbridos de duas fazendas, 60 em cada estação (30 na estação quente e 30 na fria), foram examinados durante um ano. A qualidade da água foi medida semanalmente para avaliar a interação entre as condições ambientais e o parasitismo. Histopatologia foi usada para observar os efeitos dos parasitos e do ambiente nas brânquias dos peixes. O protozoário ciliado Ichthyophthirius multifiliis e Monogenea (Ameloblastella sp., Amphocleithrium paraguayensis, Vancleaveus ciccinus, V. fungulus e V. janacauensis) foram os parasitos mais prevalentes detectados em ambas estações nas duas fazendas, com prevalências acima de 80%. Observou-se que os parasitos não causaram danos ao estado de saúde do surubim híbrido. Esses resultados estão relacionados às boas práticas de manejo e qualidade ambiental implementada pelos produtores. É discutida a presença incomum de Monogenea para esse híbrido, comparado com seus progenitores, podendo causar preocupação ambiental e ecológica.
Subject(s)
Animals , Trematoda , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Catfishes/parasitology , Chimera/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , BrazilABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to provide the first report on a new host for the digenean Paratanaisia bragai in the caninde macaw Ara ararauna along with the pathological aspects of the infection in the new host. The microscopic findings revealed the presence of granulomatous interstitial nephritis. This study contributes towards knowledge of parasitism by P. bragai in A. ararauna, and emphasizes the need to use best practices in wildlife conservation parks.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar, pela primeira vez, a arara canindéAra ararauna como um novo hospedeiro para o digenéticoParatanaisia bragai, bem como relatar aspectos patológicos relacionados à infecção no novo hospedeiro. Os achados microscópicos revelaram nefrite intersticial granulomatosa. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento do parasitismo por P. bragai em A. ararauna e ainda faz um alerta para a adoção de boas práticas de criação em criatórios conservacionistas da fauna silvestre.
Subject(s)
Animals , Parrots/parasitology , Trematoda/isolation & purification , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Trematode Infections/pathology , Bird Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
La dermatitis cercarial es una enfermedad cutánea, zoonótica y estival, causada por una larva nadadora de trematodes de la familia Schistosomatidae, llamada cercaria. Esta larva penetra accidentalmente la piel de personas que se encuentran en el agua, generando una reacción alérgica que generalmente no se informa en centros de salud, dificultando el registro de su incidencia. Se han informado casos en todo el mundo, incluyendo a la Argentina, aunque los estudios epidemiológicos se han realizado solamente en el Hemisferio Norte. En este trabajo se estudió la epidemiología de la dermatitis cercarial en tres balnearios patagónicos de los lagos Pellegrini, Mari Menuco y Puelo, donde se realizaron encuestas a visitantes durante los veranos de 2012-2013 y 2013-2014. Se analizaron los factores de riesgo, que fueron agrupados en “características personales”, “uso del recurso” y “medidas de prevención”. En el lago Pellegrini fue la sensibilización de la persona incluida en "características personales" el único factor determinante para la ocurrencia de esta zoonosis, mientras que en el lago Mari Menuco la ocurrencia se asoció con el tiempo y la distancia a la costa y el uso de cremas. En el lago Puelo no se registraron casos durante el período de estudio.
The cercarial dermatitis is a zoonotic, summer, skin-disease, caused by a swimming larva (cercaria) of a schistosomatid trematode. This larva accidentally penetrates the skin of people in the water, causing an allergic reaction, which is not always reported in health centers, so it is difficult to determine its incidence. Cases have been registered worldwide, including Argentina, although the epidemiological studies were performed only in the Northern Hemisphere. In this survey the epidemiology of cercarial dermatitis was studied in three Patagonian lakes watering places, Pellegrini, Mari Menuco, and Puelo, where surveys were conducted during summers of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The risk factors were analyzed and grouped in “personal characteristics”, “use of the recreational resource”, and “prevention measures”. At the Pellegrini Lake, the people´s sensitivity included in "personal characteristics" was the only determining factor for the occurrence of this zoonosis, mean while in Mari Menuco Lake, the bathing time and distance from the coast, and the use of lotions would affect the occurrence of swimmer’s itch. In Puelo Lake, no cases were recorded during the study period.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Schistosomatidae/classification , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Trematode Infections/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Swimming , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Incidence , Risk Factors , Geography, MedicalABSTRACT
Abstract This study has evaluated the parasitic fauna of 79 pearl cichlids (Geophagus brasiliensis) from the estuary of Patos Lagoon (31° 57' S and 52° 06' W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the months of May and June in 2011 and 2012. All the hosts analyzed were infected with at least one species of parasite. A total of eleven metazoa were identified in 459 specimens collected. The trematode Austrodiplostomum compactum (34.2%) and ergasilids Ergasilus lizae (32.9%) and Gauchergasilus lizae (32.9%) were the most prevalent species. The trematodes Thometrema overstreeti and Posthodiplostomum sp. had significantly higher prevalence in fish longer than 20 cm. The sex of the host had no effect on parasite prevalence and abundance. Pearl cichlids are registered as a new host for the trematodes Lobatostoma sp., Homalometron pseudopallidum and Thometrema overstreeti, for the ergasilids Ergasilus lizae and Gauchergasilus euripedesi and for the argulid Argulus spinolosus. The crustacean E. lizae is recorded in Rio Grande do Sul for the first time.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou a fauna parasitária de 79 Geophagus brasiliensis (acarás) proveniente do Estuário da Lagoa dos Patos (31°57’S e 52°06’W), Rio Grande do Sul, no período de Maio e Junho de 2011 a 2012. Todos os hospedeiros analisados estavam infectados com pelo menos uma espécie de parasito. Um total de onze metazoários foi identificado em 459 espécimes coletados. O trematoda Austrodiplostomum compactum (34,2%) e os ergasilídeos Ergasilus lizae (32,9%) e Gauchergasilus lizae (32,9%) foram às espécies mais prevalentes. Os trematodeos Thometrema overstreeti e Posthodiplostomum sp. apresentaram uma prevalência significativamente maior nos peixes acima de 20 cm. O gênero sexual dos hospedeiros não apresentou influência sobre a prevalência e a abundância parasitária. Geophagus brasiliensis é registrado como um novo hospedeiro para os trematódeos Lobatostoma sp., Homalometron pseudopallidum e Thometrema overstreeti, para os ergasilídeos Ergasilus lizae e Gauchergasilus euripedesi e para o argulídeo Argulus spinolosus. O crustáceo E. lizae é registrado pela primeira vez no Rio Grande do Sul.
Subject(s)
Animals , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Cichlids/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Brazil , CrustaceaABSTRACT
Abstract Several environmental parameters may influence biological processes of several aquatic invertebrates, such as the Monogenea. Current analysis investigates oviposition, hatching success and infestation of Aphanoblastella mastigatus, a parasite of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen at different temperatures (~ 24 and 28 °C) and salinity (by adding sodium chloride to water, at concentrations 0, 5 and 9 g/L) in laboratory. There was no significant difference in oviposition rate and in A. mastigatus infestation success at 24 and 28 °C. On the other hand, the concentration 9 g/L of sodium chloride in the water impaired the parasite’s survival and the viability of the eggs. Results show that its usage is efficient as a possible prophylactic treatment. Eclosion rate of A. mastigatus’s eggs was significantly higher at 28 °C, although it was significantly less from 5 g/L. Two oviposition peaks (06h15 and 18h15) occurred during a 24-hour period, or rather, during the highest variations in luminosity. Further studies are recommended with greater temperature intervals and more intense experimental infestations to verify the effects of temperature in the life span and infestation success of A. mastigatus.
Resumo Diversos parâmetros ambientais podem afetar os processos biológicos de diversos organismos invertebrados aquáticos, como os Monogenea. Neste estudo, nós investigamos a oviposição, sucesso de eclosão e infestação de Aphanoblastella mastigatus, parasito de jundiá Rhamdia quelen, em diferentes condições de temperatura (~ 24 e 28 °C) e salinidade (por meio da adição de cloreto de sódio na água nas concentrações de 0, 5 e 9 g/L) em laboratório. Não houve diferença significativa na taxa de oviposição nem no sucesso de infestação de A. mastigatus à 24 e 28 °C; por outro lado, a concentração de 9 g/L de cloreto de sódio na água inviabilizou não só a sobrevivência do parasito mas também a viabilidade dos ovos. Esse resultado indica que seu uso é eficiente como potencial tratamento profilático. A taxa de eclosão dos ovos de A. mastigatus foi significativamente maior a 28 °C. A partir de 5 g/L, a mesma foi significativamente menor. Durante um período de 24 horas, dois picos na oviposição ocorreram nos momentos de maior variação da luminosidade (06h15 e 18h15). Futuros estudos são recomendados utilizando intervalos de temperatura e intensidades de infestação experimental maiores para verificar a influência da temperatura na longevidade e sucesso de infestação de A. mastigatus.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Catfishes , Fish Diseases/epidemiology , Trematoda/physiology , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Oviposition , Reproduction , Salinity , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Temperature , Trematode Infections/epidemiology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
Gross and histological lesions caused by an intestinal parasite were described in three capybaras. The parasites presented a mean length of 14 mm and width of 7 mm, were round to oval or piriform, reddish and pedunculated, and adhered strongly to the mucosa of the large intestine. The intestinal mucosa at the parasite attachment site presented loss of surface epithelium and most glands, with replacement by fibrovascular proliferation that protruded from the mucosa and was involuted by the ventral sucker of the parasite. The lamina propria presented cellular debris, eosinophils, macrophages and plasma cells. The morphological characteristics, observed using serial histological sections, made it possible to classify the parasite as a trematode (Paramphistomatidae), compatible with Taxorchis schistocotyle. One capybara also harbored many ciliated protozoa in the large intestine (at the site of attachment of the parasite) and inside the caeca of the trematodes. In conclusion, this study described a multifocal necrotizing colitis associated with T. schistocotyle parasitism in capybaras.
Lesões macroscópicas e histológicas causadas por um parasita intestinal foram descritas em três capivaras. Os parasitas apresentaram média de 14 mm de comprimento e 7 mm de largura, eram de circulares a ovais ou piriformes, avermelhados, pedunculados e estavam fortemente aderidos à mucosa do intestino grosso. A mucosa intestinal, em que os parasitas estavam aderidos, apresentou perda do epitélio e da maioria das glândulas, sendo substituídos por proliferação fibrovascular que se projetava a partir da mucosa e era envolvida pela ventosa ventral do parasita. A lâmina própria apresentou restos celulares, eosinófilos, macrófagos e plasmócitos. As características morfológicas, utilizando cortes histológicos seriados, proporcionaram a classificação do parasita como um trematoda Paramphistomatidae, compatível com Taxorchis schistocotyle. Uma capivara continha também numerosos protozoários ciliados no intestino grosso (no local de fixação do parasita) e no lúmen do ceco desses parasitos. Em síntese, este estudo demonstrou a ocorrência de colite necrótica associada ao parasitismo por T. schistocotyle em capivaras.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Paramphistomatidae , Rodentia/parasitology , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Intestine, Large/parasitology , Intestine, Large/pathology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Trematode Infections/pathology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/pathologyABSTRACT
AbstractBetween March 2010 and August 2011 were necropsied 100 specimens of Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), from the coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°51’S, 43°56’W), to study their community of metazoan parasites. All specimens of S. brasiliensis were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan parasite, with mean of 68.7 ± 71.2 parasites/fish. Eleven species were collected: 3 digeneans, 1 monogenean, 2 cestodes, 3 nematodes and 2 copepods. The digenean Myosaccium ecaude Montgomery was the most abundant, prevalent, and dominant species, representing 72.7% of metazoan parasites collected, showing positive correlation between host’s total length and parasite abundance. Total parasite abundance was positively correlated with host’s total length. Three pairs of adult endoparasites showed significant positive association and covariation. The parasite community of S. brasiliensis showed dominance by digeneans. Sardinella brasiliensis represents new host record for most found parasite species.
ResumoEntre março de 2010 e agosto de 2011 foram necropsiados 100 espécimes de Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), do litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (22°51’S, 43°56’O), para estudo da sua comunidade de metazoários parasitos. Todos os espécimes de S. brasiliensis estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de metazoário, com média de 68,7 ± 71,2 parasitos/peixe. Onze espécies foram coletadas: 3 digenéticos, 1 monogenético, 2 cestóides, 3 nematóides e 2 copépodes. O digenético Myosaccium ecaude Montgomery foi a espécie mais abundante, prevalente, e dominante, representando 72,7% dos metazoários parasitos, apresentando correlação positiva entre o comprimento total do hospedeiro e a abundância parasitária. A abundância parasitária total foi positivamente correlacionada com o comprimento total do hospedeiro. Três pares de endoparasitos adultos apresentaram associação e covariação positivas significativas. A comunidade parasitária de S. brasiliensisapresentou dominância por digenéticos. Sardinella brasiliensisrepresenta novo registro de hospedeiro para a maioria dos parasitos encontrados.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Cestode Infections/veterinary , Fishes , Fish Diseases/epidemiology , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Nematode Infections/veterinary , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Biodiversity , Brazil/epidemiology , Cestode Infections/epidemiology , Cestode Infections/parasitology , Copepoda/classification , Copepoda/physiology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology , Nematoda/classification , Nematoda/physiology , Nematode Infections/epidemiology , Nematode Infections/parasitology , Platyhelminths/classification , Platyhelminths/physiology , Trematode Infections/epidemiology , Trematode Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
This study reports for the first time the monogenean Palombitrema triangulum Suriano (1981) in freshwater fishes from Brazil, highlighting new sites of infection for this helminth and some morphological differences. Monogeneans were collected on the body surface, gills and nasal cavity of two native fish species from Brazil, Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) and Cyphocharax nagelii (Steindachner, 1881). A brief morphological characterization of this species is presented.
Descreve-se a primeira ocorrência do monogenético Palombitrema triangulum Suriano (1981) em peixes dulcícolas do Brasil, destacando novos locais de infestação para este helminto e algumas diferenças morfológicas. Os monogenéticos foram coletados na superfície do corpo, brânquias e cavidade nasal de duas espécies de peixes nativos do Brasil, Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) e Cyphocharax nagelii (Steindachner, 1881). Uma breve caracterização morfológica desta espécie é apresentada.
Subject(s)
Animals , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Fishes/parasitology , Trematoda/anatomy & histology , Trematoda/classification , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Brazil , Fresh WaterABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the infection status, worm development, and phylogenetic characteristics of the intestinal trematode, Stellantchasmus falcatus. The metacercariae of S. falcatus were detected only in the half-beak (Dermogenus pusillus) out of the 4 fish species examined. Their prevalence was 90.0%, and the intensity of infection was 919 metacercariae on average. Worms were recovered from 33 (97.1%) of 34 chicks that were experimentally infected with 200 S. falcatus metacercariae each, and the average recovery rate was 43.0%. The body size and inner organs of S. falcatus quickly increased in the experimental chicks over days 1-2 post-infection (PI). In addition, ITS2 sequence data of this parasite were analyzed to examine the phylogenetic relationships with other trematodes using the UPGMA method. The results indicated that the ITS2 sequence data recorded from trematodes in the family Heterophyidae appeared to be monophyletic. This study concluded that D. pusillus serves as a compatible second intermediate host of S. falcatus in Thailand and that S. falcatus can develop rapidly in the experimental chicks. Data collected from this study can help to close the gap in knowledge regarding the epidemiology, biology, and phylogenetic characteristics of S. falcatus in Thailand.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Fishes , Heterophyidae/classification , Metacercariae/classification , Phylogeny , Poultry Diseases/parasitology , Thailand , Trematode Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
The rumen parasite, Gastrothylax crumenifer (Platyhelminthes: Gastrothylacidae), is a highly pathogenic trematode parasite of goat (Capra hircus). It sucks blood that causes acute disease like anemia, and severe economic losses occur due to morbidity and mortality of the ruminant infected by these worms. The study of these rumen paramphistomes, their infection, and public health importance remains unclear in India especially in the western part of state Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), Meerut, India, where the goat meat consumption is very high. This paper provides the molecular characterization of G. crumenifer recovered from the rumen of Capra hircus from Meerut, U.P., India by the partial sequence of 28S rDNA. Nucleotide sequence similarity searching on BLAST of 28S rDNA from parasites showed the highest identity with those of G. crumenifer from the same host Capra hircus. This is the first report of molecular identification of G. crumenifer from this part of India.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cluster Analysis , DNA, Helminth/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , Goat Diseases/parasitology , Goats , India , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Platyhelminths/classification , RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics , Rumen/parasitology , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Trematode Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
This study reports the infection of fishes by Austrodiplostomum compactum metacercariae in the Chavantes reservoir, medium Paranapanema River, municipality of Ipaussu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Twenty-three fish species were analysed, and 13 were infected with A. compactum metacercariae (56.5%) in their eyes. The following six fish species are new hosts for this metacercaria: Crenicichla haroldoi (1/1), Eigenmannia trilineata (11/6), Hoplosternum littorale (11/1), Iheringichthys labrosus (17/2), Leporinus amblyrhynchus (11/1), and Piaractus mesopotamicus (3/1). These new species increase the number of Brazilian fish species infected with this parasite to 36. Based on these findings, we hypothesise that the metacercariae larval stage of the parasite has a low specificity for the second intermediate host (fish). The majority of fish species infected in Brazil belong to the Loricariidae and Cichlidae families. For the fish species with higher mean abundances in Brazil, six are non-native species, and currently, Plagioscion squamosissimus has the highest mean abundance. The majority of fish species infected with A. compactum in Brazil are concentrated in the Paraná basin, although this may be related to the distribution of researchers.
Este estudo relata a infecção por metacercárias de Austrodiplostomum compactum em peixes do reservatório de Chavantes, médio Paranapanema, Ipaussu, São Paulo, Brasil. Vinte e três espécies de peixes foram analisadas, e 13 estavam infectadas com metacercárias (56,5%) em seus olhos. Seis espécies de peixes foram registradas como novos hospedeiros: Crenicichla haroldoi (1/1), Eigenmannia trilineata (11/6), Hoplosternum littorale (11/1), Iheringichthys labrosus (17/2), Leporinus amblyrhynchus (11/1), and Piaractus mesopotamicus (3/1), aumentando para 36 o número de peixes brasileiros infectados por este parasita. Assim, inferimos que este estágio larval do parasita possui baixa especificidade parasitária em relação ao seu segundo hospedeiro intermediário (peixes). No Brasil, a maioria das espécies de peixes infectadas pertence às famílias Loricariidae e Cichlidae. Quanto às espécies de peixes com as maiores abundâncias médias no Brasil, seis são espécies não-nativas, sendo Plagioscion squamosissimus a espécie com a maior abundância média. Ainda, a maioria das espécies de peixes infectadas por A. compactum no Brasil, estão concentradas na bacia do Paraná, sendo este fato possivelmente relacionado com a distribuição de pesquisadores.