Embarazo con miomatosis uterina complicado con isquemia intestinal: reporte de un caso / Pregnancy with uterine myomatosis complicated by intestinal ischemia: case report

Resumen Los miomas uterinos, también conocidos como fibromas o leiomiomas, son los tumores uterinos benignos más prevalentes. Afectan a las mujeres principalmente durante sus años reproductivos y se diagnostican hasta en un 70% de las mujeres blancas y en más del 80% de las mujeres de ascendencia africana durante su vida, con una prevalencia durante el embarazo del 2% al 10%. Pueden ser asintomáticos hasta en un 70% de las pacientes, y se estima que pueden ocurrir complicaciones en aproximadamente una de cada 10 mujeres embarazadas. Se han asociado a complicaciones y resultados adversos del embarazo, según su tamaño y ubicación en el útero, y pueden manifestarse de diferentes formas. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 30 años, con embarazo en el tercer trimestre, quien consultó por dolor abdominal, con ecografías obstétricas durante su control prenatal que reportaban miomatosis uterina, quien presentó isquemia intestinal por un vólvulo de intestino delgado versus compresión extrínseca.

Abstract Uterine fibroids, also known as fibroids or leiomyomas, are the most prevalent benign uterine tumors, affecting women mainly during their reproductive years and are diagnosed in up to 70% of white women and more than 80% of women of African descent during their lifetime, with a prevalence during pregnancy of 2% to 10%; they may be asymptomatic in up to 70% of patients, and it is estimated that complications may occur in approximately one in 10 pregnant women. They have been associated with complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, depending on their size and location in the uterus, they can manifest in different ways. We present the case of a 30-year-old woman, pregnant in the third trimester, who consulted for abdominal pain, with obstetric ultrasound scans during her prenatal check-up reporting uterine myomatosis, who presented intestinal ischemia due to small bowel volvulus versus extrinsic compression.

A propósito de un caso: útero miomatoso gigante torsionado / Torsion of a giant miomatous uterus: report of a clinical case autores

OBJETIVO: Reportar el caso de una torsión de útero, trompas y ambos ovarios a nivel de cuello uterino. Describir la patogenia, sintomatología y tratamiento, como un caso infrecuente y potencialmente grave, en la práctica clínica diaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Analizar el curso de esta extremadamente rara patología, en una mujer postmenopáusica de 59 años. Se trata de un caso raro de torsión uterina en un útero no gestante, reportando los hallazgos en los exámenes previos a la cirugía y los hallazgos intraoperatorios e histopatológicos postcirugía. La resonancia magnética fue fundamental en el diagnóstico de la paciente y la laparotomía realizada demostró una torsión de cuerpo uterino de 360 ° a nivel de cérvix, y un gran mioma pediculado con signos de necrosis. Hemos revisado los últimos artículos de esta rara patología RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: La paciente fue operada. Se realizó una histerectomía total mediante una laparotomía media supra e infraumbilical. Los ovarios no tenían signos de necrosis. CONCLUSIONES: Debemos tener en cuenta esta posibilidad diagnóstica, en pacientes con aumento de tamaño uterino y clínica de dolor abdominal, ya que aunque es muy infrecuente, su diagnóstico es importante, ya que puede ser peligroso para la vida de la paciente.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of torsion of the uterus, fallopian tubes and both ovaries around the uterine collum and the symptomatology, pathogenesis and treatment of this uncommon pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The article analyses the course of this extremely rare pathology in a postmenopausical woman of 59 years. It is a rare case like a non gravid uterine torsion in a postmenopausical woman. We have the exams previous to the surgery, the finds intraoperative and the histolopathological reports postsurgery. RMN was the most important in diagnosis and the laparotomy showed a 360° an uterus increased on size and a big pedunculated myoma with signs of necrosis We have reviewed the latest articles on this strange pathology RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The patient was operated. A infra-supra medium laparotomy was practiced and a total hysterectomy was made. Ovarians had not signs of necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: We must take into account, in patients with pathologies that increase uterine size and abdominal pain, the possibility of uterine torsion. Although it is a very infrequent pathology, its diagnosis is important, since it can be dangerous for the life of the patient

Non-puerperal uterine inversion associated with myomatosis

SUMMARY Uterine inversion is an uncommon complication of the puerperium and it is an even rarer complication of the non-puerperal period. In this way, uterine inversions are classified into two groups, being of puerperal origin due to obstetric problems and non-puerperal origin due to gynecological problems. In general, a non-puerperal uterine inversion occurs as a possible complication of a sub mucosal leiomyoma, after an expansive process, a dilation of the cervix occurs and thus its protuberance over the vaginal canal.

RESUMO A inversão uterina é uma complicação incomum do puerpério e é uma complicação ainda mais rara do período não puerperal. Dessa forma, as inversões uterinas são classificadas em dois grupos, sendo as de origem puerperal decorrentes de problemas obstétricos e as inversões de origem não puerperal decorrentes de problemas ginecológicos. Em geral, a inversão uterina não puerperal decorre como uma possível complicação de um leiomioma submucoso — após o processo expansivo, ocorre a dilatação do colo uterino e, dessa forma, a sua protusão sobre o canal vaginal.

Leiomiosarcoma uterino de alto grado / High grade uterine leiomyosarcoma

Los sarcomas de útero son un grupo diverso de tumores que constituyen 1 por ciento de las neoplasias del aparato genital femenino. La incidencia mundial es de 0,5 a 3,3 casos por cada 100,000 mujeres por año. Se presenta un caso poco frecuente con diagnóstico de leiomiosarcoma uterino de alto grado y se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre este tema(AU)

Uterine sarcomas are a diverse group of tumors that make up 1 percent of the neoplasms of the female genital tract. The worldwide incidence is from 0.5 to 3.3 cases per 100,000 women per year. A rare case with a diagnosis of high-grade uterine leiomyosarcoma is presented and a review of the literature on this subject is made(AU)

Uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry parameters for predicting gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after complete hydatidiform mole, a prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES: Doppler ultrasonography can be used to assess neoangiogenesis, a characteristic feature of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. However, there is limited information on whether uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry parameters can predict gestational trophoblastic neoplasia following a complete hydatidiform mole. The purpose of this study was as follows: 1) to compare uterine blood flow before and after complete mole evacuation between women who developed postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and those who achieved spontaneous remission, 2) to assess the usefulness of uterine Doppler parameters as predictors of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and to determine the best parameters and cutoff values for predicting postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 246 patients with a complete mole who were treated at three different trophoblastic diseases centers between 2013 and 2014. The pulsatility index, resistivity index, and systolic/diastolic ratio were measured by Doppler flow velocimetry before and 4-6 weeks after molar evacuation. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon’s test, logistic regression, and ROC analysis. RESULTS: No differences in pre- and post-evacuation Doppler measurements were observed in patients who developed postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. In those with spontaneous remission, the pulsatility index and systolic/diastolic ratio were increased after evacuation. The pre- and post-evacuation pulsatility indices were significantly lower in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (odds ratio of 13.9-30.5). A pre-evacuation pulsatility index ≤1.38 (77% sensitivity and 82% specificity) and post-evacuation pulsatility index ≤1.77 (79% sensitivity and 86% specificity) were significantly predictive of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine Doppler flow velocimetry measurements, particularly pre- and post-molar evacuation pulsatility indices, can be useful for predicting postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Mola hidatidiforme completa con preeclampsia e hipertiroidismo: presentación clásica / Complete hydatidiform mole with preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism: classic presentation

Introducción: La enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional es un espectro de enfermedades de la placenta, existiendo entre ellas algunas con potencial de invasión y metástasis, dentro de las cuales se incluye la mola invasiva, coriocarcinoma, tumores del sitio de inserción de la placenta y mola hidatidiforme. Esta última a su vez se divide en mola completa y parcial, diferenciándose en histopatología, morfología, cariotipo, malignización y comportamiento clínico, que es el punto al cual nos referiremos en este caso. Caso clínico: mujer de 46 años ingresa por hemoptisis, metrorragia, disnea a pequeños esfuerzos, ortopnea y disnea paroxística nocturna, asociado a hipertensión, taquicardia, masa hipogástrica firme e inmóvil y edema de extremidades. Se realiza ecografía abdominal compatible con MH y bhCG elevada. Evoluciona con crisis hipertensivas, insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva y tirotoxicosis. Inicia trabajo de parto expulsando 665 grs de mola, presentando posteriormente a legrado uterino anemia severa y shock hipovolémico, requiriendo transfusiones y drogas vasoactivas. Se recupera progresivamente con posterior control al alta de bhCG indetectable a los 6 meses. Discusión: Es infrecuenta en la actualidad la presentación clínica clásica de la mola hidatidiforme completa debido al diagnóstico y control precoz del embarazo asociado al uso masivo de la ecografía. Sin embargo es relevante tener un alto grado de sospecha de esta patología debido a sus graves consecuencias, y así realizar una derivación y manejo precoz.

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease is a spectrum of diseases of the placenta, existing some with potential for invasion and metastasis, among which include invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, tumors of the insertion site of the placenta and hydatidiform mole. The last one is divided into complete and partial mole, differing in histopathology, morphology, karyotype, and clinical malignant behavior, witch is the point we refer to in this case. Case report: 46 year old woman admitted for hemoptysis, metrorrhagia, dyspnea on slight exertion, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea associated with hypertension, tachycardia, firm and immovable hypogastric mass and limb edema. Abdominal ultrasound compatible with MH and high BhCG is performed. Evolve with hypertensive crisis, congestive heart failure and thyrotoxicosis. Labor starts driving out 665 grams of mole, after the curettage present hypovolemic shock and severe anemia requiring transfusions and vasoactive drugs. It gradually recovers further control the discharge of BhCG undetectable at 6 months. Discussion: It is currently infrequent classical clinical presentation of complete hydatidiform mole due to early diagnosis and management of pregnancy associated with the widespread use of ultrasound. However it is important to have a high degree of suspicion of this disease because of its serious consequences, and thus make a referral and early management.

Coriaoangioma placentero / Pleasant cariaoangioma

El corioangioma es el tumor benigno más frecuente de la placenta con una incidencia de 1%. Usualmente son asintomáticos y muchos pasan desapercibidos. Los tumores grandes pueden causar complicaciones maternas y fetales graves por lo que es importante realizar diagnóstico prenatal temprano. El pronóstico de un embarazo con corioangioma gigante de placenta, depende fundamentalmente del tamaño y de la detección oportuna.

An Incidentally Found Inflamed Uterine Myoma Causing Low Abdominal Pain, Using Tc-99m-Tektrotyd Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography-CT Hybrid Imaging

We report the case of a 50-year-old woman presented with a history of right hemicolectomy due to an ileocecal neuroendocrine tumor and left breast metastasis. Owing to a slightly elevated chromogranin A-level and lower abdominal pain, single photon emission computed tomography-computer tomography (SPECT-CT) was performed. There were no signs of recurrence on the SPECT-CT scan, but the patient was incidentally found to have an inflamed intramural myoma. We believe that the slightly elevated chromogranin A-level was caused by the hypertension that the patient presented. In the clinical context, this is a report of an inflamed uterine myoma seen as a false positive result detected by TC-99m-Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-Octreotide (Tektrotyd) SPECT-CT hybrid imaging.

Hysteroscopic findings in patients with post-menstrual spotting with prior cesarean section / Achados histeroscópicos em pacientes com sangramento pós-menstrual tipo escape com cesárea anterior

Objective: To identify uterine hysteroscopic findings among patients with prior cesarean section and whom had post-menstrual bleeding spotting type. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and prospective study between June 2008 and December 2009 involving women admitted to our clinic in Ji-Paraná (RO), Brazil, and who complained of prolonged genital bleeding after menstrual period. A total of 20 women with the simultaneous following characteristics were selected: at least one prior cesarean section, aged between 18 and 45 years, no use of hormonal contraceptives, and no history of uterine surgery that could change the cavity anatomy. All participants underwent a hysteroscopic examination. Results: During hysteroscopy, in 90% of the patients, the presence of a cesarean section scar was observed in the last third of the cervix. This scarring causes an anomaly in the uterine cavity anatomy, characterized by the viewing of an enlargement followed by a retraction of the anterior wall, which affords the presence of a pseudocavity with depth and lumen narrowing in variable degrees. Two patients did not present the pseudocavity. Conclusion: Pseudocavities in cesarean section scar are usually found in hysteroscopic examination of patients with prior cesarean section and abnormal uterine spotting.

Objetivo: Identificar os achados histeroscópicos uterino em grupo de pacientes com operação cesariana anterior e sangramento pós-menstrual tipo escape. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e prospectivo, com mulheres que compareceram em consultório em Ji-Paraná (RO), entre junho de 2008 e dezembro de 2009, com queixa de sangramento genital prolongado tipo escape após período menstrual. Destas, foram selecionadas 20 mulheres que apresentavam, simultaneamente, as seguintes características: ao menos uma cesárea prévia; idade entre 18 e 45 anos; sem uso de método anticoncepcional hormonal; e ausência de qualquer outra cirurgia uterina capaz de alterar a anatomia da cavidade. As pacientes selecionadas foram submetidas a exame histeroscópico. Resultados: À histeroscopia, em 90% das pacientes, observou-se, no terço final do colo, a presença da cicatriz de cesárea. Essa cicatriz causa, no interior da cavidade uterina, uma anomalia em sua anatomia, caracterizada pela visualização, na parede anterior, de uma dilatação seguida de retração, que proporciona a presença de pseudocavidade com profundidade e oclusão da luz em graus variáveis. Já em duas pacientes, não foi detectada a pseudocavidade. Conclusão: A pseudocavidade na cicatriz da cesariana é o achado mais freqüente à observação histeroscópica em pacientes com cesárea prévia e sangramento uterino anormal pós-menstrual tipo escape.

Histeroscopia ambulatorial em casos de abortamento consecutivo / Office hysteroscopy study in consecutive miscarriage patients

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de alterações anatômicas uterinas diagnosticadas através da histeroscopia ambulatorial em uma população de pacientes com mais de dois abortamentos consecutivos. Comparar a prevalência de alterações uterinas entre as pacientes com dois abortos em relação as pacientes com três ou mais abortamentos de repetição. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 66 pacientes com diagnóstico de dois ou mais abortamentos de repetição. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo A (até dois abortamentos, 23 pacientes) e Grupo B (três ou mais abortamentos, 43 pacientes), sendo submetidas à histeroscopia diagnóstica ambulatorial em que foram identificadas alterações congênitas e adquiridas da cavidade uterina. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas em 22 (33,3 por cento) pacientes alterações uterinas, sendo em nove casos alterações congênitas [útero arqueado (quatro casos), septo uterino (dois casos) e útero bicorno (um caso)] e em 13 pacientes alterações adquiridas [sinéquia (sete casos), pólipo endometrial (quatro casos) e mioma uterino (dois casos). Não houve diferença significativa entre grupos em relação às alterações uterinas adquiridas e congênitas. Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva entre alterações anatômicas na histeroscopia e número de abortamentos (r = 0,31; p = 0,02). CONCLUSÃO: As pacientes com mais de dois abortamentos apresentam uma alta prevalência de alterações uterinas diagnosticadas por histeroscopia. No entanto não há diferença na prevalência ou na distribuição das lesões em relação ao número de abortamentos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of uterine anatomical abnormalities found by office diagnostic hysteroscopy in a population of patients experiencing more than two consecutive miscarriages and compare the prevalence of uterine abnormalities between patients with two miscarriages and those with three or more consecutive miscarriages. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 66 patients with two or more consecutive miscarriages diagnosis was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (up to two miscarriages, 23 patients), and Group B (3 miscarriages, 43 patients). They underwent an outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy study, with either congenital or acquired abnormalities of the uterine cavity being identified. RESULTS: Uterine changes were found in 22 (33.3 percent) patients, with 9 cases of congenital changes [arcuate uterus (4 cases), septate uterus (2 cases), and bicornuate uterus (1 case)], and 13 patients with acquired changes [intrauterine adhesions (7 cases), endometrial polyp (4 cases), and uterine leiomyoma (2 cases)]. No significant differences were found between the groups as regarding both acquired and congenital uterine changes. A positive correlation was found between anatomical changes on hysteroscopy and number of miscarriages (r = 0.31; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Patients with more than two miscarriages have a high prevalence of uterine cavity abnormalities diagnosed by hysteroscopy; however there are no differences in prevalence or distribution of these lesions related to the number of recurrent miscarriages.

Cáncer cérvico uterino, un simulador letal / Cervical cancer, a lethal simulator

Se presentó una paciente de 65 años, fumadora, con antecedentes patológicos personales de litiasis vesicular hace 4ños y NIC II en el año 1997. Acudió a la consulta por cuadro de dolor en columna lumbar, pérdida de peso y del apetito de 2 meses de evolución, durante su ingreso ocurre un deterioro significativo de su estado general. Se describió la evolución clínica y los estudios realizados mediante los cuales se le diagnosticó un carcinoma indiferenciado de células pequeñas de cuello uterino e infiltrante

A 65-year-old female patient, smoker, with a medical history of gallstones 4 years ago and CIN II in the year 1997, presented with lumbar pain and loss of weight and appetite of 2 months of evolution. During her stay in hospital there was significant deterioration of her general state. A description is provided of her clinical evolution and of the tests performed, through which she was diagnosed with infiltrating small-cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Histerectomía laparoscópica: una nueva alternativa en cirugía endoscópica: experiencia Servicio de Cirugía General: Hospital General "Dr. José Ignacio Baldo" / Laparoscopy hysterectomy: a new alternative in endoscopy surgery: Hospital General “Dr. José Ignacio Baldó”

Iniciar la práctica y evaluar el rol de la histerectomía laparoscópica, en el tratamiento de la patología uterina benigna. Estudio, prospectivo, descriptivo; que incluye II histerectomías laparoscópicas, cumpliendo con criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En las pacientes incluidas, se midió: edad, índice de masa corporal, paridad, antecedentes de cirugías pélvicas, diagnóstico preoperatorio, volumen uterino, tiempo quirúrgico, hemoglobina/hematocrito preoperatorios y postoperatorias, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias. La intensidad del dolor se midió utilizando escala visual análoga. En cada caso se describe la técnica quirúrgica. Todas las pacientes fueron operadas previo consentimiento informado. La edad promedio fue 45.27 años. El índice de masa corporal promedio fue 27.08 Kg/m2. La paridad promedio fue de 2 partos. El 45,5% de las pacientes tuvieron antecedentes de cirugías pélvicas de hasta 2 intervenciones. La indicación quirúrgica en el 81.8% de los casos fue fibromatosis uterina. El volumen uterino promedio fue 153,82 cm3. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 117,14 minutos. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue 48 horas. La intensidad del dolor postoperatorio, promedio fue 3,45 puntos. Un caso presentó distensión abdominal durante el postoperatorio inmediato; y otro, hematuria transitoria. El sangrado genital se presentó en 3 pacientes, escaso y autolimitado. La histerectomía laparoscópica es una técnica factible y segura; es menos invasiva y proporciona una rápida recuperación. Recomendamos continuar la práctica de esta técnica, para reunir una muestra poblacional que permita estandarizar el procedimiento, y realizar estudios comparativos, que permitan establecer la vía laparoscópica como de elección en el tratamiento de la patología uterina benigna.

To initiate the practice and evaluation of laparoscopic hysterectomy, in the treatment of benign uterine pathology. A prospective and descriptive study; it includes II laparoscopic hysterectomies, that complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The following parameters where measured: age, body mass index, deliveries, previous pelvic surgeries, admission diagnosis, uterine volume, operation time. Pre-operative and post-operative hemoglobin and hematocrit, hospital stay post operative complications. Pain was measured using an analogic visual scale. In each case the surgical technique was described. All patients had written consent of the procedure. The average age was 45,27 years. The average body mass index was 27,08 kg/m². The average number of deliveries was 2. 45.5% the patients had 2 pelvic surgeries previously. In 81,8% the admission diagnosis was uterine fibromatosis. The average uterine volume was 153.82 cm³. The average surgical time was 117,14 minutes. The average hospital stay was 48 hours. The intensity of post operative pain was 3,43 on average. One case presented with abdominal distention in the immediate postoperative time, and other, transient hematuria. Genital bleeding was seen on 3 patients, on very small amount and limited. The laparoscopic hysterectomy is a feasible and sure technique, is less invasive and it provides a rapid recovery. We recommend the continuous practice of this technique, to obtain a sufficient sample that would lead to the standardization of the procedure and to make further comparative studies that would permit the laparoscopic access as the standard of care in benign uterine pathology.

Patología uterina y su impacto en la fertilidad / Impact of uterine diseases on fertility

El útero es un órgano fundamental dentro del proceso reproductivo y participa en eventos claves, como el transporte espermático, la implantación y la nutrición fetal. Los miomas uterinos, las anomalías congénitas, los pólipos endometriales y las sinequias uterinas son las principales patologías uterinas en mujeres en edad reproductiva, y pueden ser causa de infertilidad, aborto recurrente o parto prematuro. De acuerdo a la evidencia, el tratamiento quirúrgico de miomas uterinos submucosos e intramurales (que distorsionan la cavidad uterina), pólipos endometriales y sinequias se asocia a un aumento significativo en las tasas de embarazo. El tratamiento quirúrgico del septum uterino disminuye significativamente la probabilidad de aborto a repetición y puede incrementar la probabilidad de embarazo en pacientes sin otra causa aparente de infertilidad. El tratamiento quirúrgico de miomas intramurales y subserosos (que no comprometen la cavidad endometrial) es controvertido y su indicación depende de la evaluación de cada caso en particular.

The uterus exerts an important role in the reproductive process and participates in key events, including sperm migration, embryo implantation and fetal nourishment. Uterine myomas, congenital anomalies, endometrial polyps and uterine synechia are the main diseases affecting women in reproductive age, and display a significant impact as asource of infertility, recurrent abortion or preterm labour. According to evidence, surgical treatment of submucous and intramural myomas (associated to uterine cavity distortion), endometrial polyps and uterine adhesions significantly improves pregnancy rates. Surgical treatment of uterine septum significantly decreases recurrent miscarriage rate and can increase odds of pregnancy in patients with no apparent cause of infertility. Surgical treatment in patients with intramural and subserous myomas (without endometrial cavity distortion) is controversial and treatment should be based on an individual basis.

Cesárea corporal y miomectomía: indicaciones actuales / Classic cesarean section and myomectomy

Actualmente, tanto la realización de una cesárea corporal como la práctica de una miomectomía en el transcurso de una cesárea, suponen dos hechos muy infrecuentes. No obstante, en determinados casos, ambos procedimientos pueden ser necesarios. La cesárea corporal es una técnica quirúrgica poco menos que abandonada, si bien aún mantiene algunas indicaciones; y la exéresis de un mioma durante una cesárea está clásicamente contraindicada, salvo en circunstancias muy concretas. Sin embargo, hay que destacar que en los últimos años se está constatando un incremento significativo de ambos procedimientos, siendo las razones muy diversas (aumento de las gestaciones pretérmino que se finalizan por vía abdominal, incremento de la edad materna, mayores tasas de cesáreas, etc.). Se presenta el caso clínico de una gestante con un gran mioma localizado en segmento inferior uterino y en la que fue preciso llevar a cabo una cesárea corporal, seguida de una miomectomía.

Nowadays, it is very rare to perform both classic cesarean section or myomectomy during cesarean section. However, sometimes it is necessary to do them. The classic cesarean section is a very uncommon chirurgical technique, however, it still has some indications. The performance of a myomectomy during a cesárea section although it is to be avoided, it might be necessary under specific circumstances. However, it is necessary to emphasize that in recent years it is more and more frecuent to performe these chirurgical techniques, due to different reasons such as the increasing of preterm pregnancies that are finished by an abdominal delivery, the increasing of the age of pregnancy and higher cesarean rates. We present a case report of large myoma situated at the lower uterine segment. Classic caesarean section followed by myomectomy was performed to allow the delivery.

Prolapsed uterine sarcoma causing non-puerperal uterine inversion in a post menopausal woman.

A rare case of non-puerperal uterine inversion caused by a large fundal sarcoma in a 57 year old menopausal woman who presented with profuse vaginal bleeding is reported. After vaginal excision of the fundal myoma, reduction of the uterine inversion combined approach both abdominal as well as vaginal successfully was then followed by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salphingoopherectomy.

Mazabraud's Syndrome Coexisting with a Uterine Tumor Resembling an Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor (UTROSCT): a Case Report

The association of intramuscular myxoma and fibrous dysplasia is a rare disease known as Mazabraud's syndrome. We present a case of Mazabraud's syndrome coexisting with a uterine tumor and resembling an ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT). This uterine tumor showed a high mitotic index and cytological atypia. To the best of our knowledge, the coexistence of the two different entities has not been reported in the literature.

Descripción epidemiológica del cáncer ginecológico en el Hospital Bertha Calderón Roque en el período comprendidon de enero - diciembre 2005 / Epidemic description of the gynecological cancer in the Hospital Bertha Asleep Calderón in the understood period of January - December 2005

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal contando con una población de 753 pacientes con cáncer en el período de enero - diciembre 2005. Los principales resultados encontrados fueron: un 48.4 por ciento tiene algún grado de escolaridad primaria, se encontró que la mayoría de pacientes con un 55.3 por ciento procedían de Managua y sus alrededores, el grupo etáreo más afectado fue el grupo de 30 - 39 años: El cáncer de cervix fue el más frecuente encontrado con un 63.7 por ciento, seguido por el cáncer de mama con un 50 por ciento. Con relación al número de gesta se encontró que la mayoría de ellas con un 58.4 por ciento son multigesta, con respecto a la menarca el 76.2 por ciento corresponde al grupo de 11- 14 años, un 88.6 por ciento tuvieron entre 1-3 compañero, el 49.3 por ciento tuvo su primer hijo antes de los 19 años de edad. En relación a la edad de primera relación sexual el 66.3 por ciento lo tuvo entre los 16- 30 años, se encontró que el 30.1 por ciento presentaron alguna patología asociada, el 11.8 por ciento tienen hábitos tóxicos, el 14.6 por ciento tenian antecedentes familiares de cáncer. En los resultados histológicos el más feecuente fue el tipo escamoso con 47.1 por ciento, siguiéndole el ductal con 16 por ciento

Transvaginal ultrasonography, sonohysterography and hysteroscopy for intrauterine pathology in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.

OBJECTIVES: To test the diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography and hysteroscopy in detection of endometrial polyps and submucous myomas. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective review of the fifty six records of the patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who had positive sonohysterography and underwent operative hysteroscopy performed between June 2001 and December 2004. Exclusion of six patients with incomplete records, giving a total of fifty records included in the present study, using pathological reports as a gold standard. RESULTS: The two most common pathologies were 58% of endometrial polyps and 42% of submucous myomas. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values and accuracy for diagnosis of endometrial polyps by sonohysterography were 92.59%,72.73%, 80.65%, 88.89% and 83.67% and by hysteroscopy were 93.10%, 84.0%, 87.10%, 91.30% and 88.89% for submucous myomas by sonohysterography were 88.89%, 93.55%, 88.89%, 93.55% and 91.84% by hysteroscope were 90.91%, 87.50%, 83.33%, 93.33% and 88.89% respectively. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy for endometrial polyps and submucous myomas by sonohysterography are equal to hysteroscopy.