Reproductive diseases in captive Agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) / Doenças reprodutivas em cutias em cativeiro (Dasyprocta leporina)

Reproductive diseases have been well documented in domestic livestock such as sheep, goat, cattle and pigs. However, there is very little information on these diseases in the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). The agouti is used for its meat in South America and the Caribbean. More recently, intensive farming of this animal is being practiced in the Neotropics. There is dearth of information on dystocia and vaginal prolapses in the agouti. This document reports on three cases of reproductive diseases in captive reared agoutis in Trinidad and Tobago. The first case was a female agouti weighing approximately 3 kg that was in the last stage of pregnancy, which was found dead in its cage. The vulva of the mother had the protruding hind-limbs of the fetus. Necroscopic evaluation of carcass revealed little fat tissue and the mother had two fetuses in the right horn of the uterus. Each fetus weighed approximately 200 g. The fetuses were well formed with fur, teeth and eyes. The placenta was attached to each fetus. The pathological findings suggested that dystocia resulted from secondary uterine inertia which was the cause of death of the adult female agouti. The second case was that of an adult female agouti weighing 2.5 kg. This female had given birth to an offspring three weeks prior and was observed to have had a vaginal prolapse. Surgery was performed and the prolapsed vagina was placed back into the pelvic cavity. Further to this intervention, the vagina prolapsed twice. Subsequent to the re-insertion of the vaginal tissue the agouti was euthanized. The third case was also that of a dystocia. However, the fetuses weighed 235 g and 165 g respectively and were in normalpresentation, posture and positioning. The fetus however was unable to pass via the vagina and was trapped in the pelvic cavity. This caused secondary uterine inertia which was the cause of death. The causes of reproductive diseases in these cases are unknown but the feeding [...].

As doenças reprodutivas têm sido bem documentadas em rebanhos domésticos, como ovinos, caprinos, bovinos e suínos. Porém, há muito pouca informação sobre essas doenças na cutia (Dasyprocta leporina). A cutia é usada como carne na América do Sul e no Caribe. Mais recentemente, a criação intensiva desse animal está sendo praticada na região neotropical. Há escassez de informações sobre distocia e prolapsos vaginais na cutia. Este documento relata três casos de doenças reprodutivas em cutias criadas em cativeiro em Trinidad e Tobago. O primeiro caso foi de uma cutia de aproximadamente 3 kg que estava na última fase de gestação, encontrada morta em sua gaiola. A vulva da mãe tinha as patas traseiras salientes do feto. A avaliação necroscópica da carcaça revelou pouco tecido adiposo e a mãe tinha dois fetos no corno direito do útero. Cada feto pesava aproximadamente 200 g. Os fetos eram bem formados com pelos, dentes e olhos. A placenta foi presa a cada feto. Os achados patológicos sugeriram que a distocia resultou de inércia uterina secundária, que foi a causa da morte da cutia adulta. O segundo caso foi ode uma cutia adulta pesando 2,5 kg. Essa fêmea deu à luz uma cria três semanas antes e foi observado que tinha prolapso vaginal. A cirurgia foi realizada e a vagina prolapsada foi colocada de volta na cavidade pélvica. Após essa intervenção, a vagina prolapsou duas vezes. Após a reinserção do tecido vaginal, a cutia foi eutanasiada. O terceiro caso também foi de distocia. No entanto, os fetos pesavam 235 g e 165 g e estavam em apresentação, postura e posicionamento normais. O feto, entretanto, não conseguiu passar pela vagina e ficou preso na cavidade pélvica. Isso causou inércia uterina secundária, que foi a causa da morte. As causas das doenças reprodutivas nesses casos são desconhecidas, mas o manejo da alimentação e o espaço concedido à cutia no final da gestação podem ser fatores contribuintes.

Conocimiento y cuidados de la mujer para la prevención de prolapso de órganos pelvicos / Knowledge and care of women for the prevention of pelvic organ prolapse

Las disfunciones del piso pélvico tienen unaelevada incidencia en la población femenina,dentrodeestassedestacanlospro-lapsos uterinos, de la cúpula vaginal, entero-cele, cistóceles, retóceles, la incontinencia uri-nariaylafecal.Seestimaquedel3%al6%de la población femenina desarrollará alguna de estas disfunciones en algún momento de sus vidas. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos y cuidados que tienen las mujeres en etapa reproductiva y no reproductiva para prevenir prolapsos de órganos pélvicos en el Centro de Salud Miguel Paz Barahona (CSMPB) de San Pedro Sula en el primer semestre del año 2018. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio cuantita-tivo, transversal, descriptivo, instrumento tipo cuestionario aplicado a mujeres en etapa re-productivaynoreproductivaenelCSMPB,du-rante el primer semestre del año 2018. Pobla-ción 1766, muestra probabilística 316mujeres. Resultados: El 55% de la población tenían en-tre20-35añosdeedad,58%norealizabaejer-cicio físico, más de 90% desconocían sobre el prolapso de órganos pélvicos y sus cuidados, 19.2%presentósignosysíntomasdeprolapso de órganos pélvicos. Conclusión: Los resul-tados señalan que la mayoría mujeres tienen poco conocimiento sobre el prolapso de órga-nospélvicosyunporcentajepresentósintoma-tología, por lo tanto, no realizan cuidados para prevenir algún tipo de prolapso en el trascurso de suvida...(AU)

Constipação com obstrução à saída e incontinência fecal: o tratamento de reabilitação é o caminho? Mito ou realidade / Outlet obstructed constipation and fecal incontinence: is rehabilitation treatment the way? myth or reality

ABSTRACT Pelvic floor rehabilitation aims to address perineal functional and anatomic alterations as well as thoraco-abdominal mechanic dysfunctions leading to procto-urologic diseases like constipation, fecal and urinary incontinence, and pelvic pain. They require a multidimensional approach, with a significant impact on patients quality of life. An exhaustive clinical and instrumental protocol to assess defecation disorders should include clinical and instrumental evaluation as well as several clinical/physiatric parameters. All these parameters must be considered in order to recognize and define any potential factor playing a role in the functional aspects of incontinence, constipation and pelvic pain. After such evaluation, having precisely identified any thoraco-abdomino-perineal anatomic and functional alterations, a pelvi-perineal rehabilitation program can be carried out to correct the abovementioned alterations and to obtain clinical improvement. The success of the rehabilitative process is linked to several factors such as a careful evaluation of the patient, aimed to select the most appropriate and specific targeted rehabilitative therapy, the therapist's scrupulous hard work, especially as regards the patient's emotional and psychic state, and finally the patient's compliance in undertaking the therapy itself, especially at home. These factors may deeply influence the overall outcomes of the rehabilitative therapies, ranging from "real" success to illusion "myth".

RESUMO A reabilitação do assoalho pélvico visa abordar alterações funcionais e anatômicas perineais, bem como disfunções mecânicas torácicas-abdominais que levam a doenças procto-urológicas como prisão de ventre, incontinência fecal e urinária e dor pélvica. Requerem uma abordagem multidimensional, com impacto significativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Um protocolo clínico e instrumental exaustivo para avaliar os transtornos de defecação deve incluir avaliação clínica e instrumental, bem como diversos parâmetros clínicos/fisiátricos. Todos esses parâmetros devem ser considerados para reconhecer e definir qualquer fator potencial desempenhando um papel nos aspectos funcionais da incontinência, prisão de ventre e dor pélvica. Após tal avaliação, tendo identificado com precisão quaisquer alterações anatômicas e funcionais tóraco-abdomino-perineais, um programa de reabilitação pelvi-perineal pode ser realizado para corrigir as alterações acima mencionadas e obter melhora clínica. O sucesso do processo de reabilitação está ligado a diversos fatores, como uma avaliação cuidadosa do paciente, visando selecionar a terapia de reabilitação direcionada mais adequada e específica, além do trabalho árduo e escrupuloso do terapeuta, especialmente no que diz respeito ao estado emocional e psíquico do paciente e, finalmente, a conformidade do paciente em realizar a terapia em si, especialmente em casa. Esses fatores podem influenciar profundamente os resultados globais das terapias de reabilitação, que vão desde o sucesso "real" até o "mito" ilusório.

Long-term outcome (5-10 years) after non absorbable mesh insertion compared to partially absorbable mesh insertion for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate long-term (5-10 years) outcomes of Minimally Invasive Surgical (MIS) kit insertion with Prolift® (non-absorbable) mesh compared to the use of Prolift M® (partially absorbable), for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair. Study design: In this retrospective study we compared women undergoing MIS kit Prolift® insertion (n=90) vs. Prolift M® insertion (n=79) for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair between 2006 and 2012 at our Institution. A number of 169 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Results: During the study period 128 women (76%) completed full follow-up; of them 58 (73%) following MIS kit Prolift® insertion, and 70 (88%) following MIS kit ProliftM® insertion. There was no significant difference between the Prolift® and Prolift M® regarding parity (3.04 vs. 2.88, p=0.506), presence of hypertension (24.1% vs. 39.1%, p=0.088), diabetes mellitus (3.4% vs. 11.6%, p=0.109), or urinary stress incontinence (39.7% vs. 47.1%, p=0.475). All participants had been diagnosed with POP grade 3 or 4 before the procedure. No significant complications during the procedure or postoperative period were identified in the study groups. The follow-up period was at least five years in duration for both groups. Both groups were comparable according to questionnaires focused on function and satisfaction. Conclusion: Patients undergoing MIS kit Prolift® and Prolift M® insertion for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair had comparable early and late postoperative outcomes. No differences in patient's function and satisfaction between the two groups were identified. According to our findings, there is no superiority to either of the two studied mesh devices.

Recurrencia en pacientes intervenidas mediante sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica por prolapso de cúpula vaginal poshisterectomía / Vaginal Vault Prolapse Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy

Introducción: el prolapso de cúpula vaginal es una complicación que afecta entre 0,2 y 2 por ciento de las pacientes con antecedente de histerectomía total. La meta principal del tratamiento quirúrgico consiste no solo en mejorar la sintomatología, sino además evitar la recurrencia. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de la regularidad en pacientes intervenidas mediante sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica por prolapso de cúpula vaginal poshisterectomía y su posible relación con algunas variables sociodemográficas y quirúrgicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en una serie consecutiva de 41 pacientes atendidas quirúrgicamente en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso de La Habana, Cuba desde el 1º de agosto de 2008 hasta el 30 de abril de 2016. Resultados: la recurrencia se presentó en cinco pacientes de la serie (12,2 por ciento) después de un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 7,3 años. En ellas fue mayor la frecuencia de comorbilidad dado por la presencia de antecedentes patológicos personales (9,8 por ciento frente a 2,4 por ciento), así como de histerectomía previa por vía convencional en relación con la laparoscópica (7,3 por ciento frente a 4,9 por ciento). Las diferencias encontradas no fueron significativas. La tasa de éxito (supervivencia libre de recurrencia) a los cinco años fue de 84,4 por ciento. Conclusiones: se presentó una baja frecuencia de recurrencia en las pacientes intervenidas sin poder establecer su posible asociación con algunas variables seleccionadas(AU)

Introduction: Vaginal vault prolapse is a complication that affects 0.2 to 2 percent of patients with a history of total hysterectomy. The main goal of surgical treatment is not only to improve symptoms, but also to avoid recurrence. Objective: To determine the frequency of regularity in patients undergoing laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy due to prolapse of the vaginal vault and its possible relation with some sociodemographic and surgical variables. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in a consecutive series of 41 patients surgically treated at the National Center for Minimally Access Surgery, Havana, Cuba from August 1, 2008 to April 30, 2016. Results: Recurrence occurred in five patients of the series (12.2 percent) after a mean follow-up time of 7.3 years. Their frequency of comorbidity was higher due to the presence of personal pathological history (9.8 percent vs. 2.4 percent) as well as previous hysterectomy by conventional route in relation to laparoscopy (7.3 percent vs. 4.9 percent). The differences found were not significant. The success rate (recurrence-free survival) at five years was 84.4 percent. Conclusions: A low frequency of recurrence in the patients who underwent surgery. It was not possible to establish their possible association with some selected variables(AU)

Prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in climacteric / Prevalência e fatores associados à incontinência urinária no climatério

SUMMARY Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify associated factors to urinary incontinence (UI) in climacteric women. Method: In a cross-sectional study with a stratified random sample, 1,200 women aged between 35 and 72 years were studied, enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo. Urinary incontinence was investigated using the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form, while associated factors were assessed based on a self-reported questionnaire with socio-demographic, obstetric and gynecological history, morbidities and drug use. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95CI) and the associated factors were identified through multiple logistic regression model performed using Stata software, version 11.0. Results: Women had a mean age of 51.9 years, most were in menopause (59.4%), married (87.5%), Catholic (48.9%), and declared themselves black or brown (47.2%). The mean age of menopause of women with UI was 47.3 years. The prevalence of UI was 20.4% (95CI: 17.8-23.1%). The factors associated with UI were urinary loss during pregnancy (p=0.000) and after delivery (p=0.000), genital prolapse (p=0.000), stress (p=0.001), depression (p=0.002), and obesity (p=0.006). Conclusion: The prevalence of UI was lower but similar to that found in most similar studies. Factors associated with the genesis of UI were urinary loss during pregnancy and after delivery, genital prolapse and obesity.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e identificar os possíveis fatores associados à incontinência urinária (IU) em mulheres no climatério. Método: em estudo analítico transversal com amostra aleatória estratificada, foram estudadas 1.200 mulheres, entre 35 e 72 anos, cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Pindamonhangaba, SP. A IU foi investigada por meio do International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form e os fatores associados, por meio de questionário autorreferido, contendo informações sociodemográficas, história ginecológica e obstétrica, morbidades e uso de medicamentos. Estimou-se a prevalência da incontinência urinária com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), e os fatores associados foram identificados por meio de um modelo de regressão logística múltipla realizada no Programa Stata, versão 11.0. Resultados: as mulheres apresentavam média etária de 51,9 anos, estavam na menopausa (59,4%), eram casadas (87,5%), católicas (48,9%) e declararam-se negras ou pardas (47,2%). A média de idade da menopausa das mulheres com IU foi de 47,3 anos. A prevalência de IU foi de 20,4% (IC95%: 17,8-23,1). Os fatores associados à IU foram perda urinária na gestação (p=0,000) e no pós-parto (p=0,000), prolapso genital (p=0,000), estresse (p=0,001), depressão (p=0,002) e obesidade (p=0,006). Conclusão: a prevalência de IU foi inferior, mas semelhante à encontrada na maioria dos estudos análogos. Os fatores associados à gênese da IU foram perda urinária na gestação e no pós-parto, prolapso genital e obesidade.

Uterovaginal prolapse; use of autologous rectus sheath to repair a good choice needing more follow-up

To follow post-op patients after autologous rectus sheath repair of utero-vaginal prolapsed.Observational study. Services Hospitals, SIMS, LHR and Bhatti International Hospital, Central Park Medical College LHR. 2008-2012. Pts from 28to38 yrs of age with utero-vaginal prolapse were selected. Due to their younger age group uterus retaining procedure was planned whether they had completed their family or not ,So autologous rectus sheath graft was used with abdominal approach to suspend the uterus along with plication of round ligament These patients were then observed for immediate post op complications and 6 months onwards follow up was also noted. 10 pts were included in the study. Only one pt had dysurea and 1 pt had 1st Degree cystocele on discharge. Long term follow up showed that 2 pts had 1st degree cystocele and only 1 pt had 1st degree uterovaginal prolapse. An easier procedure for utero-vaginal prolapse that can be easily performed in a regular hospital set-up without the need of Laparoscope, mesh or high surgical expertise

Chirurgie des prolapsus genitaux au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso; Burkina-Faso

Objectifs. Decrire les types de prolapsus genitaux et en analyser les complications post-chirurgicales au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou (CHUSS) de Bobo-Dioulasso. Methode. Etude prospective et descriptive de 39 patientes operees de prolapsus genital entre le 1er avril 2005 et le 30 septembre 2006. Le follow-up a ete effectue 6 semaines; 3mois; puis 6 mois apres la chirurgie. Un questionnaire ecrit; semi-structure a permis le recueil de donnees cliniques et les protocoles operatoires ont ete revus. Resultats : Trente-neuf patientes; porteuses de 84 types de prolapsus diagnostiques (42;86); ont ete operees; representant pres de 10 de l'ensemble d'interventions gynecologiques programmees. La frequence annuelle des prolapsus genitaux en consultation gynecologique etait de 4;2. Les lesions etaient souvent associees (77) et interessaient les 3 etages dans 49 des cas. La cystocele etait la plus frequente (79;5); suivie de la rectocele (71;8) et des hysteroceles (50). Deux tiers des interventions concernaient les prolapsus de degre 4. Six techniques operatoires ont ete repertoriees; la plus frequente etant la triple operation perineale (51;3). Les complications per operatoires (15;4) ont ete : une plaie vesicale; deux plaies rectales; et trois cas d'hemorragies. Deux patientes ont developpe une retention urinaire aigue en postoperatoire immediat (5;1). A 6 mois de suivi postoperatoire; 7 cas de recidives (15;38) ont ete enregistres : parmi lesquels; 6 cystoceles apparues des la 6eme semaine. Conclusion : La cystocele est le type de prolapsus le plus frequent dans notre service ; elle en represente avec l'hemorragie; les principales complications postchirurgicales; justifiant l'elaboration de lignes directrices pour une prise en charge efficace de cette pathologie

Disfunción del piso pélvico: epidemiología / Pelvic floor dysfunction: epidemiology

Evaluar la prevalencia de la disfunción del piso pélvico, factores relacionados, tratamientos y evolución en pacientes gineco-obstétricas de un hospital privado. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, epidemiológico. Se revisaron 4555 historias desde 1998 a 2008 y se seleccionaron 430 con alteraciones del piso pélvico. Se evaluaron los factores asociados: edad, embarazos, partos, distocias, episiotomías, peso máximo fetal, masa corporal, incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, infecciones urinarias bajas recurrentes, alteraciones tiroideas, diabetes, fibromatosis uterina, menopausia, intervenciones ginecológicas previas, estreñimiento, trabajos forzados, tos crónica y uso de fajas. Se clasificaron los tipos y grados de prolapsos, tratamientos y complicaciones. Instituto Médico Quirúrgico Ribas. Los Teques, Estado Miranda, Venezuela. Promedio de edad 47,72 ± 11,88 años. Incidencia de disfunción 9,4 por ciento; en 72 por ciento fue un hallazgo del médico, 73,2 por ciento referían incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, 18 por ciento infecciones urinarias bajas recurrentes, paridad promedio 3,86 ± 2,59; 21,4 por ciento distocias y 48,8 por ciento episiotomías. Diagnóstico de prolapso 97,4 por ciento, grado II más frecuente 73,3 por ciento. Entre los factores relacionados se encontró: masa corporal elevada, fibromatosis uterina, estreñimiento e intervenciones anteriores. Se indicó tratamiento conservador en 67,3 por ciento, cirugía vaginal 8 por ciento y abdominal 11 por ciento. La incidencia de disfunciones es baja, el cistocele grado II es el más frecuente y está relacionados con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, infecciones urinarias bajas recurrentes, grupo etario entre 40 y 50 años, multiparidad, mayor índice de masa corporal, estreñimiento, fibromatosis uterinas e intervenciones pélvicas previas. El tratamiento más aceptado es la rehabilitación muscular

To evaluate the prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction, related factors, treatment and evolution in gyneco-obstetric patients in a private hospital. A descriptive, retrospective, epidemiologic study. 4555 records were reviewed from 1998 to 2008 and 430 with pelvic floor disorders were selected. Associated factors such as age, pregnancy, dystocia, episiotomy, fetal weight, body mass, stress urinary incontinence, recurrent lower urinary tract infections, thyroid disorders, diabetes, uterine fibromatosis, menopause, previous gynecologic interventions, constipation, hard work, chronic cough and use of belts were evaluated. Types and degrees of prolapse, treatments and complications were classified. Instituto Médico Quirúrgico Ribas. Los Teques, Estado Miranda, Venezuela. Average age 47.72 ± 11.88 years. 9.4 percent dysfunction incidence; in 72 percent was medical finding, 73.2 percent referred stress urinary incontinence, 18 percent urinary tract infections, average parity 3.86 ± 2.59, 21.4 percent dystocia and 48.8 percent episiotomy. Prolapse diagnosis 97.4 percent, grade II 73.3 percent more frequent. Among the factors were: high body mass, uterine fibromatosis, constipation, and previous interventions. Non surgical treatment was indicated in 67.3 percent, 8 percent vaginal surgery and abdominal 11 percent. The incidence of dysfunction is low, the grade II cystocele is the more common and is associated with stress urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, age group between 40 and 50 years, multiparity, higher body mass index, constipation, uterine fibromatosis and previous pelvic interventions. The most accepted treatment is the muscular rehabilitation

Defeitos do compartimento vaginal posterior: fisiopatologia e tratamento da retocele / Defects of vaginal posterior compartment: pathophysiology and treatment of rectocele

A retocele é definida como uma herniação da parede anterior do reto e posterior da vagina em direção ao lúmen vaginal. A etiologia da retocele é variada, e como tal, o tratamento deve ser sítio específico. Apenas a miorrafia dos elevadores pode não resolver o problema e comprometer a evacuação, bem como dificultar o acesso ao sítio específico do defeito em futuras intervenções cirúrgicas. O uso de telas sintéticas, especialmente as de polipropileno, se mostra como um recurso valioso nas mulheres que apresentam o septo retovaginal muito atrófico ou com lesão extensa, que impossibilita sua reconstituição.

The Significance of Bladder Trabeculation in the Female Lower Urinary System: An Objective Evaluation by Urodynamic Studies

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bladder trabeculation, urinary function, and the stage of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The medical records of 104 patients with POP who underwent cystoscopies and urodynamic studies were reviewed retrospectively. Age, incidence of detrusor instability, stage and site of POP, and the parameters of urodynamic studies of patients with and without bladder trabeculation were compared. The difference in the incidence of bladder trabeculation was estimated between patients with and without a suspected bladder outlet obstruction. There were significant differences in the patients' age, stage of POP, and maximal voiding velocity. Patients with a suspected bladder outlet obstruction had a significantly higher incidence of bladder trabeculation. In addition, patients with advanced stages of POP were also found to have a higher incidence of bladder trabeculation.

Experiencia con sling sub-uretral libre de tensión transobturador (TOT) en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria femenina / Experience using sling tension-free suburethral transobturator(TOT)for treatment of female urinary incontinence

Considerando los buenos resultados sumados a la experiencia adquirida en el uso de un sling sintético libre de tensión por vía retropúbica y los alentadores reportes publicados a partir de la experiencia de Delorme en Francia en 2001, referentes a la colocación del sling a través del orificio transobturador para el tratamiento de la incontinencia de orina femenina, desarrollamos esta técnica con algunas modificaciones y la empleamos en un grupo de 20 pacientes que consultaron por incontinencia urinaria en Clínica Dávila entre noviembre de 2003 y agosto de 2004. No hubo complicaciones en este grupo, todas las pacientes se mantienen continentes en el período de seguimiento y manifiestan satisfacción con los resultados.

Sprengels deformity: anaesthesia management.

A 28 years old lady presented with Sprengels deformity and hemivertebrae for Fothergills surgery. Clinically there were no anomalies of the nervous, renal or the cardiovascular systems. She had a short neck and score on modified Mallapati test was grade 2. She was successfully anaesthetised using injection Propofol as a total intravenous anaesthetic agent after adequate premedication with injection Midazolam and injection Pentazocine. Patient had an uneventful intraoperative and postoperative course.

Rupture of the rectosigmoid colon with evisceration of the small bowel through the anus

Spontaneous rupture of the rectosigmoid colon and herniation of the small intestine through the rupture site and eventual evisceration through the anus is a very rare event. In the literature, only 42 cases have been reported. The majority of them occurred in patients with rectal prolapse and one case was reported in association with a third-degree uterine prolapse. We experienced an 81-year-old female patient with rectal prolapse and second-degree uterine prolapse complicated by spontaneous perforation of the rectosigmoid colon and anal evisceration of the small intestine. Segmental resection of the nonviable small intestine, primary repair of the ruptured rectosigmoid colon, and sigmoid loop colostomy were performed, and the patient recovered well. In our patient, both rectal and uterine prolapses cooperatively damaged the anterior wall of the rectosigmoid colon and resulted in perforation. So, rectal and uterine prolapses should be treated before the complication develops. In this patient, uterine prolapse should be treated because of the recurrence of this rare episode.

Hernias de la pared abdominal y prolapso genital con incontinencia de orina: manejo quirúrgico / Abdominal wall hernias and genital prolapse with urinary incontinence: surgical management

Las hernias abdominales pueden ser umbilicales, inguinales, crurales o incisionales. El 75 por ciento de las hernias de la pared abdominal se ubican en la región inguinal. El prolapso genital es un motivo frecuente de consulta ginecológica en pacientes de edad avanzada y es posible su asociación a hernias de la pares abdominal. La vía de abordaje quirúrgica para solucionar la patología ginecológica puede permitir, en algunos casos, solucionar el problema herniario. Se presentan ocho casos de pacientes con edades entre 60 y 72 años, portadoras de prolapso genital e incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo asociado a hernias de la pared abdominal. Se describen los tipos de hernia, la vía de abordaje y las técnicas utilizadas en estos casos, en que fue posible la reparación quirúrgica de la hernia y del prolapso genital. Creemos que esta experiencia puede ser de utilidad para el médico ginecólogo que puede resolver quirúrgicamente ambas patologías en un sólo acto quirúrgico

Incontinencia de orina en la mujer: etiologías y tratamientos / Urinary incontinence in the women: etiology and treatments

Se propone un protocolo de estudio, en donde tiene relevancia la anamnesis y el examen físico acucioso del aparato genito-urinario. El laboratorio, haciendo hincapié en el urocultivo. Cobra especial importancia importancia, dentro de nuestra metodología, el estudio urodinámico. En muchos de ellos, sobre todo en donde hay marcada alteración del piso perineal o cuando son incontinencias recidivadas, recurrimos a la uretrocistografía dinámica. La cistofibroscopía, tiene indicación, de acuerdo a nuestro protocolo, ante una marcada irritabilidad vesical, infección urinaria a repetición o antecedentes de bematuria. Se estudiaron y controlaron 187 pacientes entre 26 y 79 años. Logrando los siguientes diagnósticos: I.O.E. mecánica: 55,08 por ciento; detrusor inestable: 17,64 por ciento; I.O.E. + prolapso: 14,97 por ciento; I.O.E. + detrusor inestable: 4,81 por ciento; I.O.E. recidivada: 2,67 por ciento; complicaciones de la cirugía: 4,81 por ciento. Se aplicaron distintas medidas terapéuticas según los diagnósticos, obteniendo un resultado favorable entre el 59 y 90 por ciento según las distintas etiologías

Prolapso genital en el Hospital Universitario de Cartagena / Genital prolapse at the University Hospital of Cartagena

El prolapso genital es una condición frecuente en la práctica clínica, definido como el descenso de las estructuras genitales y/o elementos relacionados con él, por debajo del nivel que normalmente ocupan. La fascia endopélvica une los órganos a las paredes pélvicas, mientras los músculos del piso pélvico, cierran la pelvis y elevando los órganos, evitan la distención de los ligamentos aponeuróticos. 102 pacientes que fueron ingresadas al Hospital Universitario de Cartagena con prolapso genital son estudiadas. Edades: 32-80 años. X=55.8+o- 12.3 años. 74.5 por ciento tenían prolapso Grado III. La paridad promedio fue de 7 partos y ninguna era nulípara. El tipo de prolapso más frecuente fue el cistorectocele, seguido del prolapso genital total. El 30.2 por ciento de las cirugías ginecológicas que se realizan en este Hospital son procedimientos por corrección del prolapso genital. No se presentaron accidentes intraoperatorios y las complicaciones a los 30 días post-quirúrgicas fueron del 11.8 por ciento. La estancia hospitalaria fue de 3-8 días. El origen de los transtornos del piso pélvico se considera multifactorial, dándose gran valor al traumatismo obstétrico y más recientemente a los estados hipoestrogénicos post-menopáusicos. Hacen falta más estudios para precisar la influencia de los estados nutricionales y la tendencia familiar en el prolapso genital

Colposacropexia en el tratamiento del prolapso de la cúpula vaginal / Colposacropexy in the vaginal vault prolapse treatment

Evaluar los resultados de la Colposacropexia transabdominal en el prolapso de la cúpula vaginal. Ventisiete pacientes con prolapso de la cúpula vaginal, tratados quirúrgicamente por colposacropexia, entre Julio de 1992 a Agosto de 1996.Se analizan los resultados del procedimiento quirúrgico,las complicaciones intra y postoperatorias y la funcionalidad vaginal. El tiempo de seguimiento para las colposacropexias fue de 14,9 meses (3-52 meses). La tasa de curación fue de 92,6 por ciento. Las principales complicaciones intraoperatorias fueron dos lesiones de intestino delgado, no relacionadas directamente con el procedimiento operatorio y de las postoperatorias, dos ileos paralíticos.No hubo mortalidad. De las 12 pacientes con actividad sexual, ella es normal en el 90,9 por ciento. La colposacropexia es una operación de técnica simple, con baja morbilidad intra y postoperatoria, que asegura una alta tasa de curación del prolapso de la cúpula vaginal y constituye la intervención de elección en esta unidad de ginecología

Colposacropexia con malla sintética en el tratamiento del prolapso de cúpula vaginal / Colposacropexy with plastic mesh in the vaginal vault prolapse treatment

Durante un período de 8 años, desde 1989 hasta 1996, la Colposacropexia con malla sintética fue el tratamiento de elección en 25 pacientes con Prolapso de cúpula vaginal posthisterectomía. La evolución fue satisfactoria y la morbilidad fue mínima. Todas las pacientes obtuvieron una buena pexia vaginal y preservación de la función sexual