Using PacBio sequencing to investigate the effects of treatment with lactic acid bacteria or antibiotics on cow endometritis

BACKGROUND: Endometritis is the most common disease of dairy cows and traditionally treated with antibiotics. Lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of pathogens and also have potential for treatment of endometritis. Using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology, we sequenced the fulllength l6S rRNA of the microbiota in uterine mucus samples from 31 cows with endometritis, treated with lactic acid bacteria (experimental [E] group) and antibiotics (control [C] group) separately. Microbiota profiles taken before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS: After both treatments, bacterial species richness was significantly higher than before, but there was no significant difference in bacterial diversity. Abundance of some bacteria increased after both lactic acid bacteria and antibiotic treatment: Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Pseudomonas veronii. The bacterial species that significantly decreased in abundance varied depending on whether the cows had been treated with lactic acid bacteria or antibiotics. Abundance of Staphylococcus equorum and Treponema brennaborense increased after lactic acid bacteria treatment but decreased after antibiotic treatment. According to COG-based functional metagenomic predictions, 384 functional proteins were significantly differently expressed after treatment. E and C group protein expression pathways were significantly higher than before treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that lactic acid bacteria could cure endometritis and restore a normal physiological state, while avoiding the disadvantages of antibiotic treatment, such as the reductions in abundance of beneficial microbiota. This suggests that lactic acid bacteria treatment has potential as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of endometritis in cattle.

Shock séptico de origen ginecológico por Pasteurella multocida / Septic shock of gynecological origin by Pasteurella multocida

La Pasteurella multocida es una gammaproteobacteria oportunista que produce una zoonosis caracterizada clínicamente por desarrollar cuadros mayoritariamente respiratorios como neumonía y rinitis atrófica, aunque las manifestaciones clínicas pueden derivar de la colonización de tejidos vascularizados y partes blandas de casi cualquier órgano, produciendo hemorragias, dermonecrosis, celulitis, meningitis, abscesos, septicemia, osteomielitis o endocarditis, entre otras. Este microorganismo se transmite a los humanos a través de mordeduras, arañazos o lesiones producidas por animales domésticos (especialmente gatos y perros), pero también salvajes. El diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico, apoyándose también en una anamnesis pormenorizada, y confirmándose mediante el crecimiento bacteriano en medios de cultivo como el agar sangre o el agar chocolate, de las muestras obtenidas de los pacientes afectados por esta rara infección. La antibioterapia con B-lactámicos durante 2 o 3 semanas, es la base terapéutica de este cuadro, aunque existe un alto porcentaje de pacientes con resistencia a los mismos, pudiendo necesitar terapias basadas en otros antibióticos como carbapenem, fluoroquinolonas o tetraciclinas. Las líneas de investigación más actuales están dando una gran importancia a los procedimientos de inmunización en animales domésticos, ya que por una parte son los principales vectores de transmisión y, por otro lado, la vacunación en humanos ha demostrado no ser efectiva, debido a la baja prevalencia de esta enfermedad en las personas expuestas. A continuación, presentamos el caso de una paciente con antecedentes de miomas uterinos y convivencia con gatos domésticos, que sufre un shock séptico por Pasteurella multocida, que tiene como principal foco infeccioso su útero miomatoso.

Pasteurella multocida is an opportunistic gammaproteobacteria which produces a zoonosis characterized clinically by developing majority respiratory pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis, even the clinical manifestations can be derived from the colonization of vascularized tissue and soft tissue of almost any organ, causing bleeding, dermonecrosis, cellulitis, meningitis, abscesses, sepsis, osteomyelitis or endocarditis, among others. This organism is transmitted to humans through bites, scratches or injuries caused by pets (especially cats and dogs), but also animals wild. The diagnosis is clinical, also leaning on a detailed anamnesis, and confirming through the bacterial growth in culture medium such as blood agar or chocolate agar samples from patients affected by this rare infection. With B-lactam antibiotic therapy for 2 or 3 weeks, is therapeutic base, although there is a high percentage of patients with resistance to them, and may need therapies based on other antibiotics as carbapenem, fluoroquinolones or tetracyclines. The lines of research are giving great importance to immunization procedures in domestic animals, since on the one hand are the main vectors of transmission and, on the other hand, vaccination in humans has proven to be not effective, due to the low prevalence of this disease in exposed persons. Then, present the case of a patient with a history of uterine fibroids and coexistence with domestic cats, suffering septic shock by Pasteurella multocida, which has as its main infectious focus your fibroid uterus.

Effect of certain immunomodulators on uterine microbiology in cyclic non breeding cows

A total number of twenty one repeat breeding cows selected after meticulous screening based on Whiteside test and Laing's criteria then allotted randomly into three equal groups [n=7]. Cows in control group were lavaged with intra-uterine with 50 ml of normal saline, in group I 20 ml of fresh colostrum and in group II infusion with 10 ml of non-pathogenic E.Coli in sterile saline as intra uterine medication were given. Bacterial isolates were collected in pre-treatment stage [day0] and post treatment stage [day 21] and their concentrations [cfu/ml] were compared.In the pre treatment stage, the predominant bacterial flora and their frequency in animals constituted Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus spp, E.coli, Enterococcus fecalis, Streptococcus spp, Proteus spp and Bacillus spp . In the post treatment sampling after twenty one days, following different drug treatments revealed inhibition of many bacterial isolates which were identified in the pre-treatment period. Klebsiella spp. was found only in normal saline group whereas it was absent in colostrum and E.coli treated group. Similarly Staphylococcus spp. was identified from a single case in colostrum treated group whereas the other two treatment regimen did not reveal their presence. Similar bacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus spp. was marked in normal saline and E.coli. The presence of non pathogenic E.coli was evident in all the treatment groups at post treatment period, indicating either their reinfection or due to its natural presence in the reproductive tract. The cows in control group projected a first insemination conception rate of 42.86%, in group - I recorded a pregnancy rate of 57.14% and in group - II three cows became pregnant [42.86%] out of seven inseminations

comparative study on bacteriology and pathology in uteri of cattle and buffaloes in Ahwaz region, Iran

Uterine infection is a major problem in reproductive management. The aim of this study was to find out the common pathological condition of cattle and buffaloes' uteri in the Ahwaz region and, also to compare uterilesions. One hundred and thirty eight cattle and 101 buffalo uteri were examined for macroscopic lesions, opening them through the cervix to the apex of the animals' horns. The prepared tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Giemsa staining. Standard bacteriorogical works, were used for the isolation and identification of aerobes and anaerobes. Depending on the severity of the lesions, endometritis was scored from mild [level 1] to severe [level 4]. Level 1 including 39 cows [19.69%] and 36 buffaloes [28.8%]; Level 2 including 37 cows [18.68%] and 28 buffaloes [22.4%]; Level 3 including 23 cows [11.61%]and22buffaloes[17.6%];and, Level4including 17 cows [8.58%] and 5 buffaloes [4%]. Other lesions consisted of acute metritis: [cows=4.54%], buffalo=0.8%]; chronic metritis [cows= 2.02%] and buffaloes=2.4%; granulomatous metritis cow [0.5%] and buffalo [0.8%]; perimetritis [cows [3.3%] and buffaloes [1.6%]; pyometra: [cow 0.5%] and buffalo [0.8%]; external cysts: [buffalo 0.8%]; and, haemangioma: [cow [0.5%] and buffalo [0.8%]. No significant correlation was found among the lesions, except for acute metritis, [p=0.475]. Conducting a clinical and paraclinical study on fertile animals in the Ahwaz region is highly recommended to reduce the economic losses due to uterine infection

Microbial and cytopathological study of intrauterine contraceptive device users.

CONTEXT: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is a commonly used birth-spacing method which is fitted into maternal system. Clinical, microbial and cytopathological monitoring of women using these devices are important for ascertaining their side effects, risk of genital tract infection and carcinogenic potential. AIMS: To study clinical, microbial and cytopathological changes in IUCD users in a tertiary care hospital. DESIGN: Prospective analytic. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: women visiting Family Planning clinic for follow up (IUCD users, n=100) or for IUCD insertion (controls, n=50) were enrolled in the study. Each subject underwent detailed history, general physical, systemic, and per local examination. Vaginal discharge was subjected to pH testing, KOH and wet mount examination, gram staining, and for culture and sensitivity. Bacterial vaginosis was defined using Nugent criteria. Cervical smears were examined and reported as per Bethesda system. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The information was entered into Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The results were analyzed using EPI Info version-6 and Stata statistical software version 7 packages. Two-tailed t-test, chi2 test with Yates correction and two-tailed Fisher Exact tests were applied. RESULTS: Most women used CuT 200 (92%). Median duration of use was 2 years. Chief complaints of IUCD users included backache (54%), vaginal discharge (46%), pain lower abdomen (34%), dyspareunia (22%), menorrhagia (18%) and dysmenorrhea (14%). Mean hemoglobin was lower in IUCD users than controls (11.2+/-1.7 versus 11.9+/-1.8 g/dL, p 0.02). Proportion of women with anemia was higher in IUCD users than in controls (29% versus 16%, p 0.12). Cervical erosion was significantly increased in study group as compared the controls (20% versus 0%, p=0.00) whereas only insignificant increase in vaginitis (6% versus 0%, p=0.17). Trichomonas vaginalis and fungal hyphae positivity and gram stain findings and bacterial vaginosis rate were not significantly different in two groups. Vaginal discharge bacterial culture revealed comparable results in two groups. Cytological findings were predominantly inflammatory. None of cases revealed Actinomycosis infection. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (n=2) and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (n=1) cytological finding were present in IUCD users compared to none in controls. None of the cases had any malignant transformation. CONCLUSION: IUCD use results in lower hemoglobin concentration and cervical erosion. Women using IUCD requires a regular follow up, clinical examination, counseling and further investigation if required.

Daño neurológico de orígen intrauterino: tan lejos, tan cerca / Neurological damage of intrauterine origin: so far, so near

Se examina la relación entre infección intrauterina, parto prematuro, morbilidad neonatal y alteraciones neurológicas a distancia. La evidencia indica la asociación entre la exposición antenal a infecciones y las complicaciones a corto y largo plazo

Bacteriología del aborto séptico en una comunidad suburbana / Bacteriology of septic abortion in a suburbane community

Se presenta la identificación microbiológica de la flora local y sistémica de una población de 100 pacientes con aborto séptico. Este trabajo también compara la eficacia de 2 regímenes de antibióticos (clindamicina más gentamicina versus penicilina más cloramfenicol y gentamicina). El microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado de los hemocultivos fue escherichia coli, seguida de streptococcus grupo B y peptostreptococcus spp. Las especies aisladas con mayor frecuencia de las muestras intrauterinas fueron peptostreptococcus spp., escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides melaninogenicus, bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfringens y streptococcus grupo B

Characterization of aerobic bacteria in the uterus and cervix of mares with suspected or clinical metritis

Quatrocentos e trinta éguas com metrite clínica ou suspeita foram examinadas clínica e bacteriologicamente quanto à análise comparativa entre o diagnóstico clínico e o sucesso na resposta bacteriológica. De 303 (70,4 por cento) éguas que mostraram contaminaçäo bacteriana, 172 (40 por cento) apresentaram organismos Gram negativos e 131 (30,4 por cento) bactérias Gram positivas, sendo a E. coli (n = 82), K. pneumoniae (n = 26), P. aeruginosa (n = 20), S. aureus (n = 19) e S. zooepidemicus (n = 18) os patógenos mais frequentes. Contra um conjunto de 18 agentes antimicrobianos, os microrganismos Gram-negativos mostraram resistência in vitro à maioria das drogas, enquanto que os Gram positivos (excluindo-se S. aureus e E. faecalis) foram todos sensíveis. Nitrofurantoína, sulfamethoxazol + trimethoprim e gentamicina foram os agentes de açäo antimicrobiana mais efetivos contra todas as bactérias

Embarazo séptico cervical: informe de un caso / Septic cervical pregnancy: report of a case

Se comunica el caso de un embarazo cervical en una paciente de 40 años de edad que se manifestó como aborto séptico y que ameritó histerectomía total con salpingooforectomía unilateral, sin complicaciones en el postoperatorio. El caso se diagnostíco clínicamente y por ultrasonografía. En los últimos doce años se estableció el Hospital General de Acapulco, Guerrero, se atendieron 30,000 partos y se han encontrado únicamente cuatro casos bien documentados de embarazo cervical. En la literatura mundial únicamente se han encontrado dos casos como el que aquí presentamos

Causative organisms in puerperal infection.

Ninety-two postpartum women who had been admitted to Siriraj Hospital from April 1, 1980 to March 1, 1983 were studied for the causative organisms of puerperal infection. Cervical and intrauterine swab & smear-gram stain as well as cultures were performed. Hemocultures were done in some cases. Only 50 per cent of all cases had positive cervical and intrauterine swab smears which showed different kinds of micro-organisms, 78 per cent were gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rod was found in 4 specimens, 2 specimens of gonococcal smears, one for trichomonads. Cervical and intrauterine swab cultures were positive in only 31.5 per cent. E. Coli was the most common and Staphylococci & Streptococci were the second most common.