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2.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 35(3): eabc308, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411458

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Hipertensão Pulmonar (HP), uma condição clínica grave, pode levar à disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direto (DSVD), com implicações prognósticas. Pacientes com suspeita de HP devem ser submetidos ao ecocardiograma transtorácico (ECOTT) para diagnóstico e avaliação, colocando-o como o principal exame de triagem e acompanhamento. Objetivo: Verificar a associação e a concordância das medidas referentes à pressão média no átrio direito (AD) e à disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direto (DSVD) ao (ECOTT) e ao cateterismo de câmaras direitas (CCD) em pacientes com (HP). Métodos: Foram incluídos indivíduos com diagnóstico de (HP). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao ECOTT e CCD. Avaliou-se pelo ECOTT: área do átrio direito (AAD), pressão média do átrio direito (AD) através por meio do diâmetro e da colapsabilidade da veia cava inferior (PMADECOTT ), strain AD (SAD), TAPSE (excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide), MAF (mudança da área fracional), SPLVD (strain da parede livre do VD) e onda s´ tricuspídea. Pelo CCD avaliaram-se pressão média do (PMADCCD ) e índice cardíaco (IC). Resultados: Dos 16 pacientes, 13 eram do sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 44,4 anos (±14,9). Constataram-se associação entre pressão média do átrio direito PMADCCD com área do átrio direito, PMADECOTT pressão média do átrio direito e SAD strain do átrio direito (r=0,845, r=0,621 e r=-0,523, respectivamente; p< 0,05). Verificou-se associação entre as categorias de risco de mortalidade, mensuradas pelas medidas AAD da área do átrio direito e pressão média do átrio direito PMADCCD (X2=10,42; p=0,003), com concordância moderada (k=0,44; p=0,012). DSVD A disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direto estava presente em dez pacientes. Houve associação entre disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direto DSVD (presente ou ausente) e índice cardíaco IC (r=0,522; p=0,04), com concordância moderada (k=0,43; p=0,037). Conclusão: As medidas do ecocardiograma transtorácico (ECOTT) e cateterismo de câmara direita (CCD) demostraram associação na avaliação da pressão média do átrio direito com melhor associação entre área do átrio direito AAD e pressão média do átrio direito (PMADCCD) . Houve associação com concordância moderada quanto à disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direto (DSVD) entre métodos. (AU)


Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a serious clinical condition, can lead to right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD) with prognostic implications. Patients with suspected PH should undergo transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for diagnosis and evaluation as the main screening and follow-up exam. Objective: To verify the associations of and agreement between measurements of mean pressure in the right atrium (RA) and RVSD with TTE Method: Individuals diagnosed with PH were included. All patients underwent TTE and RCC. The following were evaluated by TTE: right atrial area (RAA), mean right atrial pressure through the diameter and collapsibility of the inferior vena cava (RMAPTTE), RA strain (RAS), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, fractional area change, RV free wall strain, and tricuspid s' wave. Mean RA pressure (RMAPRCC) and cardiac index (CI) were evaluated through the RCC. Results: Of the 16 patients, 13 were female. The mean patient age was 44.4 (±14.9) years. An association was found between RMAPRCC and AAD, RMAPTTE, and RAS (r=0.845, r=0.621, and r=-0.523, respectively; p<0.05). There was an association between the mortality risk categories measured by the RAA and RMAPRCC measures (X2=10.42; p=0.003), with moderate agreement (k=0.44; p=0.012). RVSDJ was present in 10 patients. There was an association between RVSD (present or absent) and CI (r=0.522; p=0.04) with moderate agreement (k=0.43; p=0.037). Conclusion: The TTE and RCC measurements showed an association in the assessment of mean right atrial pressure, especially between RAA and RMAPRCC. An association with RVSD and moderate agreement between methods were also noted. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Heart Atria/physiopathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Echocardiography/methods , Fluoroscopy/methods , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Hemodynamics/radiation effects , Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(3): 263-267, Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136213

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is an important cause of cardiovascular mortality, due mainly to hemodynamic instability. In these cases, the recommendation is to perform some reperfusion procedure, with systemic thrombolysis being the main therapy used. However, national data evaluating the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis are scarce. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a case series. We included 13 patients diagnosed with high-risk APE and 4 patients with intermediate-high risk from a single-center, who were treated with alteplase 100mg. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 55 years, most of them female (76.4%). Among the risk factors for VTE were immobilization (41.17%), contraceptive use (35.29%), cancer (17.63%), and previous history of DVT (11.76%). The most frequent clinical manifestations of APE were dyspnea (88.23%), hypoxia (82.35%), hypotension (82.35%), and tachycardia (64.70%). 82.35% of the patients had echocardiographic signs of right ventricular dysfunction, and 52.94% had increased troponin and BNP. Severe bleeding associated with thrombolysis occurred in 17.54% of cases. No patient died due to bleeding. There were 8 deaths from right ventricular failure (47%), 6 in the cases of patients presenting as high-risk APE (35.3%), and 2 in the cases of intermediate-high risk (11.8%). CONCLUSION Thrombolysis in patients with high-risk APE or intermediate-high risk had a severe bleeding rate of 17.6%. However, the high mortality of this population (47%) due to right ventricular failure justifies the use of this therapeutic modality.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS A embolia pulmonar aguda (EAP) é uma causa importante de mortalidade cardiovascular ao causar instabilidade hemodinâmica. Nesses casos, a recomendação é a realização de algum procedimento de reperfusão, sendo a trombólise sistêmica a principal terapia utilizada. No entanto, dados nacionais avaliando a eficácia e a segurança da trombólise são escassos. MÉTODO Análise retrospectiva de uma série de casos. Foram incluídos 13 pacientes com o diagnóstico de EAP de alto risco e quatro pacientes de risco intermediário-alto, de um único centro, e que foram tratados com alteplase 100 mg. RESULTADOS A média de idade dos pacientes foi 55 anos, sendo a maioria do gênero feminino (76,4%). Dos fatores de risco para TEV, estavam presentes a imobilização (41,17%), o uso de anticonceptivos (35,29%), câncer (17,63%) e história prévia de TVP (11,76%). As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes da EAP foram dispneia (88,23%), hipóxia (82,35%), hipotensão (82,35%) e taquicardia (64,70%); 82,35% dos pacientes apresentaram sinais ecocardiográficos de disfunção ventricular direita e 52,94% apresentaram aumento da troponina e BNP. Sangramento grave associado à trombólise ocorreu em 17,54% dos casos. Nenhum paciente faleceu em decorrência de sangramento. Houve oito mortes por insuficiência ventricular direita (47%): seis nos casos de paciente que se apresentaram como EAP de alto risco (35,3%) e duas nos casos de risco intermediário-alto (11,8%). CONCLUSÃO A trombólise nos pacientes com EAP de alto risco ou risco intermediário-alto apresentou uma taxa de sangramento grave de 17,6%. No entanto, a alta mortalidade dessa população (47%) por insuficiência ventricular direita justifica o uso desta modalidade terapêutica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/drug therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality , Risk Assessment , Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Middle Aged , Antifibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 17(3): 147-152, jul.-set. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284214

ABSTRACT

O tromboembolismo pulmonar é um grave problema de saúde pública devido ao subdiagnóstico e às elevadas morbidade e mortalidade. Quando a embolia pulmonar é maciça com repercussão hemodinâmica importante e a terapia adequada não ocorre nas primeiras horas, a mortalidade é superior a 85%. Na suspeita clínica de tromboembolismo pulmonar, a avaliação ecocardiográfica pode ter papel fundamental na avaliação da mobilidade e da estrutura do ventrículo direito, presença de hipertensão pulmonar e documentação da presença de trombo. A detecção ecocardiográfica de trombo móvel nas câmaras cardíacas direitas permite identificar um grupo de pacientes de alto risco, com mortalidade muito elevada, quando comparada ao tromboembolismo pulmonar em geral. Além da terapia clínica clássica, com heparinas e trombolíticos, as terapêuticas endovascular e cirúrgica devem ser consideradas e podem contribuir para o prognóstico desses pacientes. Relata-se um caso de uma paciente de 33 anos de idade admitida em uma unidade de emergência da no 8o dia de pós-operatório de apendicectomia, com queixas de dor torácica e dispneia de início súbito. Ecocardiograma transtorácico evidenciou presença de trombo serpiginoso solto em átrio direito, que ocluía intermitentemente a valva tricúspide durante o ciclo cardíaco. Diante das características ecocardiográficas atípicas do trombo e da significativa chance de embolização maciça, optou-se por intervenção cirúrgica de emergência.


Pulmonary thromboembolism is a serious public health problem due to misdiagnosis and high morbidity and mortality. When pulmonary embolism is massive with important hemodynamic repercussion, and the appropriate therapy does not take place in the early hours, mortality is higher than 85%. If there is clinical suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism, an echocardiographic evaluation may have a key role in the evaluation of mobility and structure of the right ventricle, presence of pulmonary hypertension, and documentation of the presence of thrombus. Echocardiographic detection of mobile thrombus in right cardiac chambers allows the identification of a group of high-risk patients with very high mortality when compared to pulmonary thromboembolism in general . In addition to the classical clinical therapy with heparins and thrombolytics, endovascular and surgical therapy should be considered and may contribute to these patients' prognosis. A case is reported of a 33-year-old female patient admitted to an Emergency Unit at 8th postoperative day (POD) of appendectomy, with complaints of chest pain and dyspnea of sudden onset. Transthoracic echocardiography showed the presence of a floating serpiginous thrombus in the right atrium, which intermittently occluded the tricuspid valve during the cardiac cycle. Due to the atypical echocardiographic features of the thrombus, and significant chance of massive embolization, an emergency surgery was chosen.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Embolism/surgery , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Tachycardia/etiology , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Chest Pain/etiology , Radiography , Norepinephrine/therapeutic use , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/surgery , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/drug therapy , Dyspnea/etiology , Electroencephalography , Tachypnea/etiology , Perfusion Index , Hypotension/etiology , Hypoxia/etiology , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
5.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(2): 140-143, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904151

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction may develop over the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality. Polymorphism of the multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) gene has been correlated with worse clinical findings among patients with COPD. Our aim here was to investigate the relationship between MDR-1 C3435T gene polymorphism and RV dysfunction in COPD patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study investigating the relationship between RV dysfunction and genetic defects in COPD patients. METHODS: Forty-one consecutive patients diagnosed with COPD and hospitalized due to acute exacerbation were enrolled. Polymorphism was analyzed using the strip assay technique. RV parameters were evaluated, and RV dysfunction was identified via transthoracic echocardiography. Patients were categorized into three groups according to gene polymorphism: MDR-1 CC (wild type, n = 9), MDR-1 CT (heterozygote mutant, n = 21) or MDR-1 TT (homozygote mutant, n = 11). RESULTS: The study included 14 males and 27 females (mean age 65 ± 11 years). The mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 31.4 ± 8 mmHg in the wild-type group, 42.2 ± 12 mmHg in the heterozygote mutant group and 46.5±14 mmHg in the homozygote mutant group (P = 0.027). Presence of RV dilatation was significantly different among the three groups (33%, 71%, and 100%, respectively; P = 0.005). In multiple logistic regression analysis, MDR-1 C3435T gene polymorphism (OR = 9.000, P = 0.019) was an independent predictor of RV dysfunction after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: MDR-1 C3435T gene polymorphism was associated with RV dysfunction in patients with COPD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/genetics , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Echocardiography , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
7.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 30(2): f:109-l:116, mar.-abr. 2017. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-833894

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Disfunção do ventrículo direito (VD) é observada em 30-50% dos pacientes com infarto do miocárdio na parede inferior (IM-I) e é fator preditor de mortalidade precoce. A fibrose miocárdica está associada com disfunção ventricular progressiva e prognóstico grave. Nesses pacientes, a ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) é um importante método de estratificação de risco. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre disfunção do VD e fibrose miocárdica em pacientes com IM-I por RMC. Métodos: Estudo coorte realizado em um centro de cardiologia de referência. Quarenta indivíduos com IM-I foram incluídos no estudo. RMC foi realizada durante a internação para estimar função do VD e quantificar fibrose miocárdica pela técnica de realce tardio com gadolínio (TRT). Os pacientes foram estratificados quanto à função ventricular, e características clínicas foram comparadas entre os grupos. Resultados: Quarenta pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, 75% eram homens e 43% idosos (idade ≥ 60 anos). Entre os fatores de risco cardiovasculares, hipertensão (45%) e tabagismo (33%) foram os mais prevalentes. A disfunção do VD estava presente em 33% dos pacientes. A massa de fibrose média foi 22 ± 12g nos pacientes com disfunção do VD e 15 ± 8 g nos pacientes com função ventricular preservada (p = 0,051). Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo indicam uma possível associação entre disfunção do VD e fibrose miocárdica nos pacientes com IM-I. No entanto, outros estudos envolvendo um maior número de pacientes são necessários para confirmar nossos achados


Background: Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) can be found in 30-50% of patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction (I-MI) and predicts early mortality. Myocardial fibrosis is associated with progressive ventricular dysfunction and severe prognosis. In these patients, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an important risk stratification method. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the association between RVD and myocardial fibrosis in patients with I-MI, using CMR. Methods: Cohort study conducted in a prominent center of cardiology. Forty individuals with I-MI were included in the study. CMR was performed during hospitalization to estimate parameters of right ventricle function and to quantify myocardial fibrosis through late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique. Patients were stratified by ventricular function, and clinical characteristics were compared between study groups. Results: Forty patients were included in the study, 75% were male and 43% elderly (age ≥ 60 years). Hypertension (45%) and smoking (33%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. RVD was found in 33% of patients. Mean fibrosis mass was 22 ± 12 g in patients with RVD compared with 15 ± 8 g in patients with preserved ventricular function (p = 0.051). Conclusions: The findings of our study indicate a possible association between RVD and myocardial fibrosis in patients with I-MI. However, further studies with larger series are needed to confirm our findings


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Fibrosis/complications , Fibrosis/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus , Heart Ventricles , Hypertension , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Stroke Volume
8.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 29(4): 124-131, out.-dez. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-834207

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: A excursão sistólica da via de saída do ventrículo direito (ES_VSVD) se mostrou acurada para avaliação da função sistólica do ventrículo direito (VD). Entretanto, a cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) apresenta características próprias, que geram a necessidade de comprovação da aplicabilidade da ES_VSVD nesse grupo. Objetivo: Avaliar a ES_VSVD em portadores de CCC e compará-la com parâmetros tradicionais de avaliação da função sistólica do VD. Métodos: Estudaram-se 131 pacientes com CCC. A ES_VSVD foi calculada através do modo-M na via de saída do VD (VSVD) ao corte paraesternal eixo curto ao nível da valva aórtica, medindo-se a excursão da superfície endocárdica da paredeanterior da VSVD. Foram obtidos a variação fracional da área (FAC) como método de referência e a excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide (TAPSE) para comparação. Excluídos 27 pacientes por não obtenção de imagens confiáveis. Resultados: Dos 104 pacientes, 38 apresentaram disfunção do VD definida como FAC menor que 35%. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos em que os primeiros 52 correspondiam aos da curva de aprendizado do método. Nessa série, valores menores que 5,6 mm apresentaram melhor correlação com as anormalidades. Os resultados da ES_VSVD, no grupo de aplicação do método, foram: sensibilidade = 94%, especificidade = 97%, valor preditivo positivo (VP+) = 94%, valor preditivo negativo (VP-) = 97% e acurácia = 96%. A TAPSE apresentou respectivamente 95%, 98%, 97%, 97% e 97%. Conclusão: Os resultados da ES_VSVD nos exames realizados após a curva de aprendizado mostraram sensibilidade, especificidade, VP+, VP- e acurácia semelhantes à TAPSE, demonstrando similaridade dos parâmetros nos pacientes com CCC.


Background: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Systolic Excursion (RVOT_SE) has proven to be accurate to assess the right ventricular (RV) systolic function. However, chronic Chagas’ heart disease (CCHD) has its own characteristics, which generate the need to prove the RVOT_SE applicability to this group.Objective: To assess RVOT_SE in CCHD patients and compare it against traditional parameters for RV systolic function assessment Methods: 131 CCHD patients were studied. The RVOT_SE was calculated by using M-mode echocardiography, from parasternal short-axis view at aortic valve level, in the RV outflow tract (RVOT), measuring the excursion of the endocardial surface of the posterior wall of the RVOT. The fractional change in area (FCA), as the reference method, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) for comparison were obtained. 27 patients were excluded for failure to obtain reliable images.Results: Of the 104 patients, 38 had RV dysfunction, defined as FCA less than 35%. They were divided into two groups, where the first 52 patients corresponded to the method learning curve. In this series, values less than 5.6 mm showed better correlation with abnormalities. RVOT_SE results obtained from the method application group were: sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 97%, positive predictive value (PV+) =94%, negative predictive value (PV-) = 97% and accuracy = 96%. TAPSE showed respectively 95%, 98%, 97%, 97% and 97%. Conclusion: RVOT_SE results in the examinations performed after the learning curve showed sensitivity, specificity, PV+, PV- and accuracy similar to those of TAPSE, showing parameters similar to those of CCHD patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnosis , Ventricular Function, Right/physiology , Chronic Disease , Echocardiography/methods , Heart , Heart Ventricles , Sensitivity and Specificity , Data Interpretation, Statistical
9.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 29(4): 136-144, out.-dez. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-834209

ABSTRACT

A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) constitui método não invasivo e tridimensional que permite a avaliaçãomorfológica e funcional de todas as câmaras do coração. Esse método tem ganhado importância na identificaçãoe caracterização de cardiopatias primárias que envolvem o ventrículo direito (VD), além de doenças secundárias que levam à disfunção das câmaras direitas. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetiva elucidar a melhor metodologia no diagnóstico dessas doenças mediante a RMC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnosis , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/complications , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/diagnosis , Heart Diseases/complications , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Diagnosis , Echocardiography/methods , Heart , Tricuspid Valve , Heart Ventricles
11.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 88(2): 223-237, abr.-jun. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-783775

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: durante años se ha subestimado la relevancia de la estructura y función del ventrículo derecho. Ambos ventrículos son diferentes en morfología, ciclo de presiones, resistencias e interdependencia ventricular, por lo que no se pueden extrapolar sus comportamientos. La función ventricular derecha se deteriora por sobrecarga de presión, de volumen, o por la combinación de ambas cuando se enfrenta a la circulación sistémica. OBJETIVO: realizar una revisión actualizada de la estructura, función ventricular, terapéutica y las técnicas de imágenes de uso frecuente para la evaluación ventricular derecha. Para ello se revisaron las bases de datos Medline, PubMed, SciELO y plataforma Springerlink, disponibles desde Infomed; desde el año 2000 hasta 2015, en idioma español e inglés. DESARROLLO: se trata el origen y evolución del ventrículo derecho, su estructura, función y comportamiento de diferentes variables fisiológicas; la valoración de ventrículo derecho enfrentado a la poscarga sistémica, la presencia de muerte súbita y arritmias, así como la evaluación mediante técnicas de imagen y utilidad de la terapia de resincronización cardíaca. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: ambos ventrículos tienen estructura y función diferentes. La disfunción de ventrículo derecho enfrentado a poscarga sistémica evoluciona en etapas progresivas. Mediante ecocardiografía transtorácica es posible estimar la función sistólica y diastólica ventricular derecha. Es preciso realizar estudios observacionales prospectivos que identifiquen herramientas ecocardiográficas útiles para estratificar a los pacientes desde la etapa subclínica, y trazar estrategias terapéuticas que preserven la función ventricular derecha.


INTRODUCTION: for many years, the relevance of the structure and the function of the right ventricle have been underestimated. Both ventricles are different in morphology, pressure cycles, resistance and ventricular interdependence, so their behaviors cannot be extrapolated. The right ventricular function deteriorates due to pressure overload, volume overload or the combination of both when subjected to the systemic circulation. OBJECTIVE: to make an updated review of the structure and function of ventricle, therapeutics and imaging techniques commonly used to evaluate the right ventricle. To this end, Medline, PubMed, SciELO databases and Springerlink platform, available from Infomed, were reviewed in English and Spanish from 2000 to 2015. DEVELOPMENT: it deals with the origin and evolution of the right ventricle, its structure, function and behavior of several physiological variables; the assessment of the right ventricle subjected to systemic post-load, the presence of sudden death and arrhythmias as well as the evaluation based on imaging techniques and the advantages of cardiac resynchronization therapy. FINAL THOUGHTS: both ventricles have different structures and functions. The dysfunction of the right ventricle subjected to systemic post-load evolves in progressive phases. By means of transthoracic echocardiography, it is possible to estimate the systolic and diastolic function of the right ventricle. It is necessary to perform prospective observational studies that would identify useful echocardiographic tools in order to stratify the patients since the subclinical phase, and then to draw up therapeutic strategies for preservation of the right ventricular function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ventricular Function, Right/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Prospective Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
12.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr. imagem cardiovasc ; 26(2): 111-114, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678705

ABSTRACT

A presença de aneurisma ventricular direito na cardiopatia chagásica é pouco descrita na literatura, sendo achado principalmente de estudos anatomopatológicos. Exceção feita a pesquisas realizadas há mais de duas décadas, estudos com ecocardiografia não têm apresentado este achado. Relata-se o caso de um paciente portador de cardiopatia chagásica, com insuficiência cardíaca refratária e presença de aneurisma ventricular esquerdo e direito, ao estudo ecocardiográfico transtorácico. Discutem-se os motivos da raridade do achado de aneurisma no ventrículo direito.


Right ventricular aneurysm in Chagas Cardiopathy is rarely mentioned in literature. The few reports are from anatomopathological studies. Echocardiographic studies had not described this abnormality, except for few articles published more than two decades ago. This is a patient presenting with advanced cardiac failure and biventricular aneurism diagnosed by echocardiography. The reason for the rarity diagnosis of right ventricular aneurysm are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Heart Aneurysm/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Echocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography/methods
13.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 22(4): 15-24, out.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-684199

ABSTRACT

A Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) refratária pode ser definida como uma condição clínica crônica, como sintomas limitantes, acentuando comprometimento hemodinâmico e elevada mortalidade. Nesse contexto, a disfunção Ventricular Direita (VD)pode ser um aspecto clínico saliente, comumente dominando o quadro clínico. Em contraste com a falência ventricular esquerda, a disfunção do VD permanece praticamente ignorada, com escassas orientações em diretrizes para o manejo dessa condição clínica. Um dos mais importantes fatores determinantes da disfunção ventricular direita neste cenário é o aumento da pós-carga ventricular direita devido à hipertensão arterial pulmonar, que, por sua vez, é secundária à congestão pulmonar venosa crônica atribuída à falência ventricular esquerda. Essa disfunção de VD possui forte correlação com aumento da mortalidade. Apesar da falta de recomendações nas diretrizes, é um conceito embasado em aspectos clínicos e fisiopatológicos que o tratamento otimizado da IC esquerda é o primeiro passo necessário no manejo da disfunção do VD. Não existe terapia especificamente direcionada para o tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca direita, mas a terapêutica recomendada para o tratamento da disfunção do VE promove redução da pressão capilar pulmonar, da pressão da artéria pulmonar e consequente melhora da disfunção do VD, sendo estes pontos mais efetivos do tratamento. O racional do tratamento da disfunção do VD contempla três elementos da fisiologia cardiovascular: a pré-carga, a contratilidade e a pós-carga. Além disso, novas alternativas terapêuticas têm emergido, como inibidores de fosfodiesterase-5, terapia de ressincronização e dispositivos de assistência ventricular, mas que ainda carecem de estudos mais amplos para a implementação na prática clínica.


Advanced Heart Failure (HF) can be defined as a chronic medical, conditions, whit limiting symptons, severe hemodynamic impairment and high mortality. In this context, the Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction can be a salient clinical aspect, and commonly dominate the clinical scenario. In contrast to left ventricular failure, RV dysfunction remains largely ignored, with little recommendations in the guidelines for the management of this conditions. one of the most important determinats of right ventricular dysfunction in this scenario is the increased right ventricular afterload due to pulmonary arterial hypertension, which is secondary to chronic pulmonary venous congestion attribuited to left ventricular failure. This form of RV dysfunction is strongly carrelated with increased mortality. Despite the lack of recommendations in the guidelines, it is a concept based on clinical and pathophysiological aspects that optimal treatment of left ventricular failure is the first necessary step in the management of RV failure. There is no specifically targeted for the treatment of right heart failure, but the recommended therapy for the treatment of LV dysfunction causes a reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and consequent improvement in RV dysfunction, which are the most effective points of the treatment of RV dysfunction has three elements of cardiovascular physiology: the preload, contractility and afterload. Furthermore, new therapieshave recently emerged such as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, cardiac resynchronization therapy and ventricular assist devices, but they still require further studies for implementation in clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnosis , Heart Failure/mortality , Heart Failure/therapy , Echocardiography/methods , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Radiography/methods , Radiography
14.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2012 Apr; 15(2): 138-140
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139656

ABSTRACT

The present case report highlights that a tense mega-sized aortic root and ascending aorta can mechanically resist the passage of fully inflated (1.5 ml air) balloon to wedge-trace position in the pulmonary artery. Any attempt to push the catheter rather predisposed its recoiling and rebutting into the right ventricle and the cardiac arrhythmia. Inflating continuous cardiac output catheter balloon with lesser volume of air (1 ml) is suggested to overcome this problem.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aorta/abnormalities , Aorta/physiology , Aorta/surgery , Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities , Aortic Coarctation/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Cardiac Output/physiology , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Catheterization/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Echocardiography , Humans , Male , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications
15.
Indian J Cancer ; 2012 Jan-Mar; 49(1): 119-124
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144562

ABSTRACT

Aims and Objectives: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is rare in the Indian population and is under-reported in patients with malignancy. We studied the clinical profile and outcome of patients with PE and cancer in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: Data of cancer patients with PE, admitted in a tertiary cancer centre, was analyzed. The prevalence of PE was calculated as the number of patients with PE per 10,000 hospital admissions. The demographic data, details of cancer, co-morbidities, details of PE, and treatment given for PE and their outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: There were 56,425 hospital admissions in the study period. The prevalence of PE was 6.4 per 10,000 hospital admissions .Thirty-six cancer patients were diagnosed to have PE. In females, gynecological malignancies (36.84%) and in males gastrointestinal, head and neck cancers, and hematological malignancies were the most common sites (17.7% each). PE was associated with DVT in 41.7%. Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom. Five patients (13.88%) were asymptomatic and were incidentally detected to have PE . The most common echocardiographic finding was right ventricular dysfunction (55.55%). Mortality among the treated patients was 22% (7 / 31) and in untreated patients it was 80% (4 / 5). The factors that had an impact on a three-month survival were, the presence of massive PE (P = 0.019) and the presence of RV dysfunction at presentation (P = 0.005). Conclusion: The prevalence of PE and mortality due to PE is high in cancer patients. Risk stratification for venous thromboembolism (VTE) should be done in all cancer patients and thromboprophylaxis should be optimally used.


Subject(s)
Adult , Echocardiography , Female , Humans , Male , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/mortality , Pulmonary Embolism/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging
16.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 53-59, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-148184

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Echocardiography and computed tomography (CT)-angiography may be difficult to perform in a serial follow up, unlike electrocardiography (ECG). Many ECG findings specific for APE have been reported, and many studies have found that negative T-waves (NTW) in precordial leads are most frequently observed in patients with APE. We analyzed serial changes in precordial NTW to detect RVD and predict the recovery of RVD in patients with APE. METHODS: We examined 81 consecutive patients diagnosed with APE using CT-angiography or echocardiography. ECG, transthoracic echocardiography, and laboratory tests were performed within 24 hours of admission, and daily ECG follow-up was performed. Precordial NTWs were defined by the new development of pointed and symmetrical inverted T-waves in at least three leads. Recovery of NTW was defined as flattening or upright inverted T-waves in more than two leads. RESULTS: Of the 81 patients with APE, 52 (64%) had RVD according to echocardiography. Among the patients with RVD, 33 (63%) showed precordial NTW. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that NTW was the strongest independent predictor for RVD (odds ratio, 22.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 221.4; p = 0.007). Time to normalization of NTW was associated with improvement of RVD on echocardiography (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Precordial NTW was a reliable finding to identify RVD in patients with APE. Improvements in RVD can be predicted by normalizing precordial NTW.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Disease , Chi-Square Distribution , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Recovery of Function , Republic of Korea , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Function, Right
17.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(3): 244-248, May-June 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548517

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Discrepancy between the intensity of pulmonary congestion and the grade of cardiomegaly seems to be a common finding of Chagas cardiomyopathy, in spite of significant systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. Its mechanism has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate pulmonary congestion and to analyze if it correlated with Doppler echocardiographic parameters in patients with Chagas dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with positive serology tests for Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas dilated cardiomyopathy were studied. Chest x-rays, Doppler echocardiogram and plasmatic brain natriuretic peptide levels were obtained in all patients. The degree of pulmonary venous vessels changes on chest x-ray was graded using a pulmonary congestion score, and then compared to Doppler echocardiographic parameters. RESULTS: Mean age was 48.5 ± 11.2 years and 29 percent were women. The majority (95 percent) of patients were in NYHA functional class I and II. Mild pulmonary congestion by chest x-ray was found in 80 percent of the patients. In a multivariate analysis, left ventricular ejection fraction, right ventricular TEI index and the color M-mode velocity correlated with the degree of pulmonary congestion. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary venous changes on chest x-rays are frequent, but usually mild in patients with Chagas dilated cardiomyopathy. The degree of pulmonary congestion correlates with Doppler echocardiographic left and right ventricular dysfunction and with color M-mode velocity.


INTRODUÇÃO: Na miocardiopatia chagásica, é considerado haver uma menor intensidade de congestão pulmonar, mesmo na vigência de disfunção ventricular esquerda importante, não havendo ainda explicação definitiva para este fenômeno. O objetivo deste estudo foi de investigar a presença de congestão pulmonar na miocardiopatia chagásica e analisar se a intensidade da congestão esteve associada com parâmetros morfofuncionais ecocardiográficos de disfunção cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e cinco pacientes com sorologia positiva para o Trypanosoma cruzi e portadores de miocardiopatia chagásica foram estudados. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao estudo radiológico do tórax, ecocardiograma e dosagem plasmática do peptídeo natriurético cerebral. O grau de congestão pulmonar foi quantificado através de um escore da congestão pulmonar, e então comparado com os parâmetros ecocardiográficos. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 48.5 ± 1.2 anos e 29 por cento eram mulheres. A maior (95 por cento) parte dos pacientes encontrava-se na classe funcional I e II. Discreta congestão pulmonar à radiografia do tórax foi encontrada em 80 por cento dos pacientes. Na análise multivariada, a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, o índice de TEI do ventrículo direito e a velocidade ao color M mode foram as variáveis que mais estiveram associadas com o grau de congestão pulmonar. CONCLUSÕES: Nos pacientes com miocardiopatia chagásica, as alterações do fluxo venoso pulmonar foram frequentes, porém discretas. O grau de congestão pulmonar associou com parâmetros ecocardiográficos de disfunção ventricular esquerda e direita e com a velocidade do color M mode.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Echocardiography, Doppler , Multivariate Analysis , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Pulmonary Edema/physiopathology , Pulmonary Edema , Severity of Illness Index , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
18.
Córdoba; s.n; 2010. 89 p. ilus, ^c29 cm, ^eCD ROM presentación en Power Point.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-607239

ABSTRACT

Se estudiarón pacientes con dificultad respitratoria en la etapa neonatal internados en una unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal, en los que se detectó una patalogía cardiovascular primaria o cardio-pùlmonar con el objetivo de evaluar la relación de el péptido natriurético tipo b (PNB) con la dificultad respiratoria de origen cardíaco ó pulmonar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se estudiarón 77 Recién nacidos (entre 1.200 Y 4.000 gramos) entre los cuales se realizaron 201 muestras; las cuales fueron ejecutadas a las 48 horas de vida, y a los 7 y 10 días de iniciado el tratamiento. Se confirmó por ecocardiograma si había un aumento de las cavidades ventriculares y el tipo de cardiopatía congénita asociada. Dentro de las insuficiencias cardiacas de causa cardiaca predominaron las patologías obstructivas izquierdas y los shunt de izquierda a derecha. RESULTADOS: El dosaje del péptido en neonatosn portadores de dificultad respiratoria de presunta cardiovascular, prmitió establecer el 70,1% (54 pacientes) de patología cardiaca, que luego fue confirmada por Ecordiografía y en el 29,9 % (23 pacientes) de dificultad respiratoria de causa extracardiacas. Permitió controlar la evolución del tratamiento y predecir con el descenso del mismo el pronóstico de la enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN: el dosaje precoz del PNB en recién nacidos con dificultad respiratoria permite detectar problemas cardiovasculares en los primeros días de vida, siendo un predictor de la evolución de la misma...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications , Heart Failure , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain , Natriuretic Peptides , Ventricular Dysfunction
19.
São Paulo med. j ; 124(4): 186-191, July -Aug. 2006. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-437225

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is uncertainty regarding the risk of major complications in patients with left ventricular (LV) infarction complicated by right ventricular (RV) involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on hospital mortality and morbidity of right ventricular involvement among patients with acute left ventricular myocardial infarction. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study, at Emergency Care Unit of Hospital Central da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. METHODS: 183 patients with acute myocardial infarction participated in this study: 145 with LV infarction alone and 38 with both LV and RV infarction. The presence of complications and hospital death were compared between groups. RESULTS: 21 percent of the patients studied had LV + RV infarction. In this group, involvement of the dorsal and/or inferior wall was predominant on electrocardiogram (p < 0.0001). The frequencies of Killip class IV upon admission and 24 hours later were greater in the LV + RV group, along with electrical and hemodynamic complications, among others, and death. The probability of complications among the LV + RV patients was 9.7 times greater (odds ratio, OR = 9.7468; 95 percent confidence interval, CI: 2.8673 to 33.1325; p < 0.0001) and probability of death was 5.1 times greater (OR = 5.13; 95 percent CI: 2.2795 to 11.5510; p = 0.0001), in relation to patients with LV infarction alone. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with LV infarction with RV involvement present increased risk of early morbidity and mortality.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O risco das principais complicações em pacientes com infarto do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) associado ao comprometimento do ventrículo direito (VD) ainda é incerto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto do envolvimento do ventrículo direito na morbidade e na mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes com infarto agudo do ventrículo esquerdo. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo de coorte, realizado no Serviço de Emergência do Hospital Central da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 183 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio: 145 com infarto do VE e 38 com infarto do VE associado ao VD (VE + VD). Foram comparados entre os grupos a presença das complicações e óbitos no período hospitalar. RESULTADOS: 21 por cento dos pacientes estudados apresentavam infarto VE + VD. Predominou o comprometimento da parede dorsal e/ou inferior (ECG) no grupo com VE + VD (p < 0.0001). A freqüência da classe IV de Killip no momento da admissão e 24 h após foi maior no grupo VE + VD, assim como as complicações elétricas, hemodinâmicas, entre outras, e óbitos. A probabilidade de complicações em pacientes com infarto VE + VD foi 9.7 vezes maior (odds ratio, OR = 9.7468; 95 por cento intervalo de confiança, IC 95 por cento 2.8673 a 33.1325; p < 0.0001) e de óbito 5.1 vezes superior (OR = 5.1313; 95 por cento IC 2.2795 a 11.5510; p = 0.0001) em relação aos pacientes com infarto isolado do VE. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com infarto VE com envolvimento do VD apresentam risco aumentado de morbidade e mortalidade precoces.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospital Mortality , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Length of Stay , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/drug therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/drug therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality
20.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 8(3): 115-130, jun. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-346644

ABSTRACT

La investigación clínica en dispositivos de asistencia ventricular mecánica, data de finales de los años 50. En 1966 Michael DeBakey obtiene resultados positivos asistiendo a un paciente durante 10 días. En la última década la tecnología ha evolucionado rápidamente pasando del balón de contrapulsación a los sistemas neumáticos. Para enfermería esta revolución tecnológica representa un gran reto, ya que el cuidado de los pacientes sometidos a asistencia ventricular significa además de una gran responsabilidad, el acceso a nuevas tecnologías, conocimientos y habilidades para el crecimiento profesional. Enfermería necesita trabajar mancomunadamente con otros profesionales para lograr su objetivo, como es el de mantener y/o mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. La experiencia en asistencia ventricular mecánica en niños, es poca. La sobrevida de un paciente de 10 años sometido a asistencia ventricular derecha durante 48 horas, motiva este reporte de caso y pretende dar a conocer los aspectos más importantes tanto técnicos (manejo de consola, técnicas de canulación) como prácticos (indicaciones, técnicas de asistencia, contraindicaciones, complicaciones, principios fisiológicos y registro) necesarios para entender el funcionamiento de éstos dispositivos, finalmente plantear intervenciones de enfermería en términos de diagnósticos de enfermería...


Subject(s)
Nursing Care/methods , Nursing Care/trends , Heart Atria/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/nursing , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/rehabilitation
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