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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(2): 98-102, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989401

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and surgical impacts of phenomena that could occur in intermittent exotropia. Methods: The medical records of intermittent exotropia cases from 1991 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent a series of measures, including a protocol to assess monocular occlusion based on the propedeutics proposed by Kushner. Results: Outdoor sensitivity was observed in 31% of patients with an undercorrection rate of 44% vs. 18% of cases with no outdoor sensitivity. After 1 h of monocular occlusion, 41% of all patients achieved an increase in deviation with an undercorrection rate of 40%, whereas 25% did not. Conclusion: The results show the importance of complete propedeutics, since there is a higher rate of late undercorrection in cases with outdoor sensitivity and increased deviation after occlusion.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os impactos clínico e cirúrgico dos fenômenos que podem ocorrer na exotropia intermitente. Métodos: Os prontuários de casos de exotropia intermitente de 1991 a 2014 foram revisados retrospectivamente. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a uma serie de medidas incluindo o protocolo com oclusão monocular com base na propedêutica proposta por Kushner. Resultados: Outdoor sensitivity foi observada em 31% dos pacientes com taxa de subcorreção de 44% vs. 18% dos casos sem outdoor sensitivity. Após 1 hora de oclusão monocular, 41% de todos os pacientes apresentaram um aumento no desvio com uma taxa de subcorreção 40%, enquanto 25% não. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram a importância da propedêutica completa, uma vez que há maior taxa de subcorreção tardia nos casos de outdoor sensitivity e maior desvio após a oclusão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Exotropia/surgery , Exotropia/physiopathology , Education, Premedical/methods , Postoperative Period , Reoperation , Time Factors , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Medical Records , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Convergence, Ocular/physiology , Accommodation, Ocular/physiology
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 76(2): 63-68, mar.-abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678168

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate distance and near contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopic and mesopic conditions before and after refractive lens exchange (RLE) and implantation of the aspheric AcrySof®ReSTOR® (SN6AD3 model) intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS:Seventy-four eyes of 37 patients after RLE underwent bilateral implantation with the aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR IOL. The patient sample was divided into myopic and hyperopic groups. Monocular uncorrected visual acuity at distance and near (UCVA and UCNVA, respectively) and monocular best corrected visual acuity at distance and near (BCVA and BCNVA, respectively) were measured before and 6 months postoperatively. Monocular CS function was measured at three different luminance levels (85, 5 and 2.5 cd/m²) before and after RLE. Post-implantation results at 6 months were compared with those found before surgery. RESULTS: Our results revealed that patients in both groups obtained good UCVA and BCVA after RLE at distance and near vision in relation to pre-surgery values. No statistically significant differences were found between the values of CS pre and post-RLE at distance and near, at any lighting condition and spatial frequency (p>0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Refractive lens exchange with aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR IOL in myopic and hyperopic population provided good visual function and yield good distance and near CS under photopic and mesopic conditions.


PROPÓSITO: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la sensibilidad al contraste antes de la extracción de cristalino transparente y tras la implantación de la lente intraocular asférica AcrySof®ReSTOR® (SN6AD3) bajo condiciones fotópicas y mesópicas. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 74 ojos de 37 pacientes tras ser sometidos a cirugía de cristalino transparente bilateral con la lente intraocular AcrySof ReSTOR (SN6AD3 model). Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: miopes e hipermétropes. A ambos grupos se les midió antes y a los 6 meses de la intervención quirúrgica la agudeza visual con la mejor corrección monocular en visión de lejos y de cerca, y la agudeza visual monocular no corregida para visión de lejos y de cerca. La función de sensibilidad al contraste fue medida a tres diferentes niveles de iluminación (85, 5 y 2.5 cd/m²) antes y después de la cirugía. Los resultados post-quirúrgicos a 6 meses fueron comparados con los pre-quirúrgicos. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes de ambos grupos mostraron buenos niveles de agudeza visual no corregida y con la mejor corrección tras la implantación de la lente intraocular para visión de lejos y cerca en comparación a los valores pre-quirúrgicos. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores pre y post-quirúrgicos de sensibilidad al contraste para cualquier distancia, frecuencia espacial o nivel de iluminación (p>0,002). CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía de cristalino transparente con la lente intraocular asférica AcrySof ReSTOR en pacientes miopes e hipermétropes proporciona una buena función visual en visión de lejos y de cerca bajo condiciones fotópicas y mesópicas.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Contrast Sensitivity/physiology , Hyperopia/surgery , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Lenses, Intraocular , Myopia/surgery , Cataract Extraction , Distance Perception , Hyperopia/physiopathology , Myopia/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology
3.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 261-267, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-121604

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of binocular multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) by comparing results with conventional monocular mfERG in patients with monocular macular disease. METHODS: mfERG testing was conducted on 32 patients with monocular macular disease and 30 normal subjects. An initial mfERG was simultaneously recorded from both eyes with two recording electrodes under binocular stimulation. A second mfERG was subsequently recorded with conventional monocular stimulation. Amplitudes and implicit times of each ring response of the binocular and monocular recordings were compared. Ring ratios of the binocular and monocular recording were also compared. RESULTS: In the macular disease group, there were no statistical differences in amplitude or implicit time for each of the five concentric rings between the monocular and binocular recordings. However, with binocular simulation, the ring ratios (ring 1 / ring 4, ring 1 / ring 5) were significantly reduced in the affected eye. In the normal control group, there were no statistical differences in any parameters between the monocular and binocular recordings. CONCLUSIONS: Binocular mfERG could be a good alternative to the conventional monocular test. In addition, given that the test needs stable fixation of the affected eye during the binocular test, the reliability of the test results could be improved, especially for patients with monocular macular disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Electroretinography/methods , Prospective Studies , Vision, Binocular/physiology , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Wet Macular Degeneration/diagnosis
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 73(6): 521-525, nov.-dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-572217

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Quando a visão de um olho está preservada (visão monocular) e há alto risco, baixo prognóstico e/ou recursos limitados para a cirurgia do olho contralateral, não é claro se o beneficio da binocularidade supera o da reorientação para visão monocular. O objetivo é quantificar o impacto da qualidade de visão referida entre a condição binocular e monocular e, nesse último caso, entre congênita e adquirida. Métodos: Pacientes com acuidade visual (AV) com AV>0,5 em cada olho foram submetidos ao questionário estruturado de 14 perguntas (VF-14), onde a pontuação de 0 a 100 indica o nível de satisfação do paciente com sua visão, variando de baixo a alto respectivamente. Dados epidemiológicos e pontuações dos quatro grupos foram registrados e submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: A entrevista pelo VF-14 com 56 indivíduos revelou que a pontuação mais alta foi similar entre os controles e os portadores de visão monocular congênita, e níveis intermediários e baixos foram obtidos por indivíduos com visão monocular adquirida e cegos bilaterais, respectivamente (p<0,001). As atividades mais difíceis para os indivíduos com visão monocular adquirida foram identificar letras pequenas, reconhecer pessoas, distinguir sinais de trânsito e assistir TV. Conclusão: O estudo confirmou que a perda da visão tem impacto desfavorável no desempenho referido das atividades sendo maior na visão monocular adquirida do que na congênita. Os dados sugerem que medidas de reabilitação devem ser consideradas para melhorar a qualidade da visão em doenças intratáveis ou de alto risco ou de baixo prognóstico.


Purpose: When the vision in one eye is preserved (monocular vision) and there is high risk, low prognosis and/or limited resources to the fellow eye surgery, it is unclear if the benefit of binocularity outweighs the reorientation for monocular vision. The goal is to quantify the impact of the quality of vision of both binocular and monocular condition, and in this latter case, between congenital and acquired. Methods: Patients with visual acuity (VA)>0.5 in each eye underwent a structured questionnaire of 14 questions (VF-14), which the score 0-100 indicates the level of patient satisfaction with their vision, ranging from low to high respectively. Epidemiological data and scores of the four groups were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: The interview by the VF-14 with 56 subjects revealed that the highest score was similar between controls and patients with congenital monocular vision, and low and intermediate levels were obtained by individuals with acquired monocular vision and bilaterally blind, respectively (p<0.001). The more difficult activities for individuals with acquired monocular vision were to identify small print, recognize people, to distinguish traffic lights and watch TV. Conclusion: The study confirmed that the vision loss has an adverse impact on the performance of such activities being higher in congenital than in acquired monocular vision. The data suggest that rehabilitation measures should be considered to improve the quality of vision in intractable diseases, high risk or low prognosis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blindness/physiopathology , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Blindness/congenital , Blindness/epidemiology , Blindness/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Quality of Life , Sex Distribution , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vision, Binocular/physiology , Vision, Monocular/genetics , Visual Acuity/physiology
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 73(5): 399-404, Sept.-Oct. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570498

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar em dois grupos de pacientes com visão monocular (grupo 1) e com visão binocular (grupo 2), a serem submetidos à cirurgia de catarata num hospital universitário, opiniões em relação ao problema ocular, à qualidade da visão e à cirurgia de catarata. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal e comparativo, de forma consecutiva, por meio de questionário estruturado, aplicado por entrevista a pacientes, elaborado a partir de estudo exploratório e medidas acuidade visual e causa da perda visual. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída por 96 indivíduos do grupo 1 (50,0 por cento homens; 50,0 por cento mulheres, com idade entre 41 e 91 anos, média 69,3 anos ± 10,4 anos) e 110, do grupo 2 (40,9 por cento homens; 59,1 por cento mulheres, com idade entre 40 e 89 anos, média 68,2 anos ± 10,2 anos). A maioria dos indivíduos de ambos os grupos apresentava baixa escolaridade. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos em relação ao sexo (p=0,191), à idade (p=0,702) e à escolaridade (p=0,245). Não exerciam atividade laboral 95,8 por cento dos indivíduos do grupo 1 e 83,6 por cento, do grupo 2 (p=0,005) e 30,4 por cento do grupo 1 mencionaram não ter possibilidade de trabalhar por causa da deficiência visual. Observou-se acuidade visual do olho a ser operado menor que 0,05 em 40,6 por cento (grupo 1) e 33,6 por cento (grupo 2), entre 0,25 e 0,05. Quase a totalidade dos indivíduos de ambos os grupos afirmou ter dificuldade para realização das atividades de vida diária e qualificou como insuficiente a respectiva acuidade visual; 71,9 por cento dos entrevistados do grupo 1 e 71,6 por cento, do grupo 2 mencionaram saber a causa da visão fraca; desses, 87,1 por cento do grupo 1 e 83,3 por cento do grupo 2 referiram a catarata como causa da baixa acuidade visual. CONCLUSÃO: Os indivíduos de ambos os grupos tiveram acesso à cirurgia de catarata com acuidade visual menor do que a idealmente indicada; os pacientes com visão monocular apresentaram acuidade visual significativamente menor em relação aos com visão binocular; a maioria dos entrevistados de ambos os grupos referiu dificuldades para realizar atividades cotidianas como consequência da baixa visão; muitos indivíduos de ambos os grupos desconheciam a causa da dificuldade visual ou a atribuíram a outra causa que não a catarata.


PURPOSE: To verify in two groups of patients: monocular (group 1) and binocular vision (group 2) to be submitted to cataract surgery at an University Hospital, opinions, expectances and emotional reactions related to the ocular problem, to the quality of vision and to cataract surgery. METHODS: A transversal comparative and consecutive study was performed using a structured questionnaire applied by patients interview. The questionnaire was elaborated from a previous exploratory study; visual acuity and cause of the visual loss were evaluated. RESULTS: The sample was constituted by 96 persons of group 1 (50.0 percent male; 50.0 percent female, ages ranging from 41 to 91 years; average 69.3 years ± 10.4 years) and 110 persons of group 2 (40.9 percent male; 59.1 percent female, ages ranging from 40 to 89 years; average 68.2 years ± 10.2 years). The majority of persons of both groups presented low educational level. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in relation to gender (p=0.191), age (p=0.702) and educational level (p=0.245). No work activity was mentioned in 95.8 percent of the persons of group 1 and 83.6 percent of group 2 (p=0.005) and 30.4 percent of group 1 informed the impossibility to work due the visual impairment. Visual acuity of the eye to be operated was less than 0.05 in 40.6 percent (group 1) and in 33,6 percent (group 2), presented visual acuity ranging from 0.05 to 0.25. Almost the totality of the persons of both groups informed difficulties to perform activities of daily life and qualified as insufficient their visual acuities; 71.9 percent of the patients of group 1 and 71.6 percent of group 2 informed to know the reason of low vision; among these, 87.1 percent of group 1 and 83.3 percent of group 2 mentioned cataract as the reason of low visual acuity. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the patients of both groups were submitted to cataract surgery with visual acuities less than the visual ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cataract Extraction/statistics & numerical data , Cataract/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Vision, Binocular/physiology , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cataract Extraction/psychology , Cataract/etiology , Cataract/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 69(2): 121-124, Mar.-Apr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-549898

ABSTRACT

We demonstrate the combination of pseudophakic monovision technique with toric IOL in patients with relevant corneal astigmatism to reduce spectacle dependence after cataract surgery. All patients achieved UCDVA ³ 20/30 and UCNVA ³ J2 and none of them required spectacle correction on the 6th postoperative month.


Nós demonstramos a combinação da técnica de monovisão pseudofácica com lente intraocular tórica em pacientes com astigmatismo corneano relevante para reduzir a dependência de óculos após a cirurgia de catarata. Todos os pacientes apresentaram AVsc ³ 20/30 para longe e ³ J2 para perto, sendo que nenhum deles necessitou de correção ótica até o sexto mês pós-operatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Astigmatism , Cataract Extraction/methods , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Phacoemulsification , Pseudophakia , Visual Acuity , Vision, Monocular/physiology
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(5): 645-649, set.-out. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-534184

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine interocular grating acuity difference in children treated for unilateral infantile cataract. METHODS: A group of 27 children previously treated for unilateral infantile cataract, had their monocular visual acuity measured by sweep visual evoked potentials. Interocular grating acuity difference was calculated as the absolute subtraction of monocular acuity scores. Lens status, opacity severity and eye alignment were considered for analysis. RESULTS: Mean interocular grating acuity difference obtained from unilateral cataract patients was 0.58 ± 0.20 logMAR. This result was significantly larger than 0.10 logMAR used as normative data. Children with severe opacities had a more pronounced amblyopia than the moderate ones. No significant correlation between amblyopia and strabismus or aphakia was found. CONCLUSIONS: Interocular acuity difference in this group of unilateral congenital cataract was more pronounced than previous reports, mainly because of delay in diagnosis, surgery and optical correction.


OBJETIVOS: Determinar a diferença interocular da acuidade visual de resolução de grades em crianças operadas de catarata congênita unilateral. MÉTODOS: Um grupo de 27 pacientes operados de catarata congênita unilateral tiveram mensurada sua acuidade visual monocular pelo potencial visual evocado de varredura. A diferença interocular foi calculada pela subtração absoluta das acuidades monoculares. A intensidade da opacificação, implante ou não de lente intraocular e presença de estrabismo foram consideradas para análise. RESULTADOS: A média da diferença interocular foi de 0,58 ± 0,20 logMAR. Esse resultado foi significantemente maior que 0,10 logMAR, valor considerado como média normal nos estudos normativos. Crianças com opacidades intensas tiveram ambliopia mais pronunciada que os casos moderados. Não houve correlação significante entre a intensidade da ambliopia com estrabismo e afacia. CONCLUSÕES: A diferença interocular nesse grupo de crianças operadas de catarata congênita unilateral foi muito mais pronunciada que artigos prévios, provavelmente pelos atrasos no diagnóstico, intervenção cirúrgica e correção óptica.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Amblyopia/physiopathology , Cataract , Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Amblyopia/etiology , Cataract/congenital , Cataract/physiopathology , Evoked Potentials, Visual
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(2): 164-168, mar.-abr. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513882

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the distance, intermediate and near visual acuity of patients with bilateral cataract operated on both eyes corrected for distance in one eye and for near in the fellow eye, as well as, their stereo acuity and their general satisfaction. SETTINGS: Hospital de Olhos de São Paulo and Complexo Hospitalar Padre Bento - Guarulhos - São Paulo - Brazil. METHODS: This is a prospective study of 76 eyes of 38 patients with bilateral cataract aiming to become spectacle free after surgery. The patients were operated on both eyes; the first eye was corrected for distance and the fellow eye for near vision. The refractive error was programmed between -0.5 D and +0.5 D in the first eye and -2.00 D in the second eye. Patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism equal or higher than 1.0 D were excluded from the study. The uncorrected and best-corrected distant visual acuity (UCDVA, BCDVA) were tested, as well as the uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) and collected at the 3 postoperative months. The Titmus test was performed at the last follow-up. Finally, the modified questionnaire VF-7 was applied and the patient was required to choose, regarding their general satisfaction, between very satisfied, satisfied, or unsatisfied. RESULTS: All patients achieved uncorrected distant visual acuity 20/40 or better (mean SE 0.625 D) and uncorrected near visual acuity J3 or better (mean SE -2.0 D), and intermediate visual acuity J3 in 90%. The Titmus test revealed an average of 197" of arc with reduction of stereo acuity in most of patients as expected and 97.3% of patients demonstrated to be satisfied or very satisfied with this technique. CONCLUSION: It consists in a viable technique for correction of near, intermediate and distant vision on cataract surgery as demonstrated by the high rate of satisfaction (97.3%) by the modified VF-7 questionnaire, especially when the patient has no access to a multifocal intraocular lens.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acuidade visual para longe, perto e intermediária dos pacientes operados de catarata bilateral em ambos os olhos corrigidos para longe em um olho e para perto no olho contralateral, bem como sua acuidade estereoscópica e sua satisfação geral. LOCAL: Hospital de Olhos de São Paulo e Complexo Hospitalar Padre Bento - Guarulhos - São Paulo - Brasil. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo prospectivo com 76 olhos de 38 pacientes com catarata bilateral e desejo de ficar independente de óculos após a cirurgia. Os pacientes foram operados em ambos os olhos; o primeiro olho foi corrigido para longe e o contralateral para perto. O erro refrativo programado foi entre -0,5 D e +0,5 D para o primeiro olho e -2,0 D no segundo. Pacientes com astigmatismo corneao pré-operatório igual ou maior que 1,0 D foram excluídos do estudo. A acuidade visual sem correção e melhor acuidade visual para longe foram testadas, bem como, a acuidade visual sem correção para perto, e coletadas no terceiro mês pós-operatório. O teste de Titmus foi realizado na última visita. Finalmente, o questionário modificado VF-7 foi aplicado e ao paciente foi solicitado escolher, em relação à satisfação geral entre satisfeito, muito satisfeito ou insatisfeito. RESULTADOS: Todos pacientes atingiram acuidade visual sem correção para longe de 20/40 ou melhor (EE médio de 0,625 D) e acuidade visual para perto sem correção de J3 ou melhor (EE médio de -2,0 D), e acuidade visual intermediária de J3 em 90%. O teste de Titmus revelou uma redução média de 197" de arco na maioria dos pacientes como esperado e 97,3% dos pacientes demonstraram estar satisfeitos ou muito satisfeitos com esta técnica. CONCLUSÃO: Esta técnica consiste em uma opção viável para correção da acuidade visual de perto, longe e intermediária na cirurgia de catarata como demonstrado pela alta taxa de satisfação (97,3%) através do questionário VF-7, especialmente quando o paciente não tem ..


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cataract Extraction/methods , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Patient Satisfaction , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(4): 475-479, jul.-ago. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-491874

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine age norms for grating visual acuity and interocular acuity differences measured by the sweep-visually evoked potentials (VEP) technique in the first three years of life. METHODS: Monocular grating visual acuity was measured using the sweep-VEP in 67 healthy normal infants and children in the first 36 months of life. RESULTS: Sweep-VEP grating acuity ranged from 0.80 logMAR (20/125 Snellen equivalent) in the first month of life to 0.06 logMAR (20/20 Snellen equivalent) at 36 months of age. Lower normal limits (95th percentile limit) ranged from 0.95 logMAR (20/180) to 0.12 logMAR (20/25) with a progression of approximately 3 octaves in the first 36 months of age. The largest acceptable interocular acuity difference for clinical purposes was 0.10 logMAR. CONCLUSIONS: Age norms for grating acuity along with interocular acuity differences were determined using the sweep-VEP technique. These norms should be incorporated in clinical practice for precise diagnosis of visual status in infants and preverbal children.


OBJETIVOS: Propor valores normativos de acuidade visual de grades e sua respectiva diferença interocular medidas pelo potencial visual evocado de varredura nos primeiros três anos de vida. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 67 crianças sadias, sem doenças oculares, que tiveram a acuidade visual medida pelos potenciais evocados visuais de varredura. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual média variou de 0,80 logMAR (equivalente de Snellen de 20/125) no primeiro mês de vida a 0,06 logMAR (equivalente de Snellen de 20/20) aos 36 meses. Os limites normais inferiores (percentil 95 por cento) variaram de 0,95 logMAR (20/180) a 0,12 logMAR (20/25) com progressão de aproximadamente 3 oitavas nos primeiros 36 meses de vida. A diferença interocular máxima aceitável foi de 0,10 logMAR. CONCLUSÕES: Os valores normativos de acuidade visual e de diferença interocular de acuidade foram obtidos pela técnica do potencial visual evocado de varredura. Propõe-se sua adoção na prática clínica para diagnóstico preciso do estado visual de bebês e de crianças pré-verbais.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology , Vision Tests/methods , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology , Reference Values , Sensory Thresholds/physiology
10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 58(5): 310-4, out. 1995. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-260452

ABSTRACT

O campo visual foi avaliado em 43 lactentes normais com idades variando de 2 a 12 meses, alocados em 2 grupos de acordo com a faixa etária: Grupo I - lactentes de 2 a 6 meses de idade (média de idade = 4 meses); Grupo II - lactentes de 7 a 12 meses (média de idade = 8,5 meses). O procedimento utilizado para medida do campo visual foi a técnica da perimetria cinética de arco duplo realizado em 8 meridianos (4 ortogonais e 4 diagonais) monocularmente. Os critérios de inclusão foram: fundo de olho normal por oftalmoscopia indireta, erros refrativos sob cicloplegia não significantes; acuidade visual de grades dentro dos limites normais pelo teste dos cartões de acuidade de Teller, motilidade extrínseca ocular normal e ausência de doenças oculares. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que o CV de lactentes nos primeiros 6 meses de vida é constrito em relação ao adulto. O CV dos lactentes de 7 a 12 meses é constrito para os meridianos temporal, temporal inferior e inferior. Nos outros meridianos houve concordância entre os valores do adulto. Nos 2 grupos o CV temporal é maior do que o nasal. A extensão do CV demonstrada nas crianças normais pode ser atribuída a vários fatores: desenvolvimento anatômico da retina, maturação dos fotorreceptores e vias neurais, bem como a maturação da atenção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Field Tests , Visual Fields/physiology , Child Development
11.
Rev. mex. oftalmol ; 69(3): 100-4, mayo-jun. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-188188

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 158 casos con diagnóstico de endotropia de etiología diversa asociada a incomitancias verticales. Los pacientes fueron divididos para su estudio en tres grupos: 1.- complejos de hiperfunción de superiores. 2.- complejos de hiperfunción de inferiores y 3.- otros, que incluyó a los complejos monoculares de hiperfunción y otras asociaciones. Los principales resultados que se encontraron fueron: en el 46.2 por ciento de los casos se asoció a complejos de hiperfunción de superiores, con un promedio de edad de 10.3 años. En el 44.3 por ciento se asoció a complejos de hiperfunción de inferiores, con un promedio de edad de 5.1 años. En el tercer grupo quedaron el 9.5 por ciento de los casos. La diferencia en los promedios de edad entre los grupos 1 y 2 fue estadísticamente significativa. (p=.0026507). Se estudiaron también los casos en que las incomitancias verticales eran significativas, encontrando que predominan los casos con hiperfunción de inferiores (57.6 por ciento).


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Esotropia/etiology , Convergence, Ocular/physiology , Eye Abnormalities/physiopathology , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Vision, Monocular/physiology
12.
Biol. Res ; 28(3): 219-26, 1995.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-228566

ABSTRACT

It has been previously reported that neonatal monocular enucleation in rats and hamsters induces the development of an anomalous band of callosal connections in the middle of area 17 (primary visual cortex) in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the remaining eye. In order to determine whether this effect is due to elimination of retinal activity in one eye, we used the anatomical tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to study the pattern of visual callosal connections in rats in which retinal activity had been blocked by intraocular injections of tetrodotoxin during the first two weeks of life. We found that the callosal pattern in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the eye not treated with tetrodotoxin was not distinguishable from the pattern present in normal rats. In particular, we did not observe the anomalous extra band of callosal connections that occurs in area 17 in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the remaining eye in monocularly enucleated rats. These results indicate that blockade of retinal activity in one eye is not sufficient to cause the marked changes in the pattern of visual callosal connections that are induced by neonatal monocular enucleation


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Rats , Corpus Callosum/growth & development , Eye Enucleation , Retina/physiology , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Cortex/growth & development
13.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 66(1): 95-113, mar.-maio 1994. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-139595

ABSTRACT

Spatial frequency and bandwith characteristics were determined for neurones in cat striate cortex. Responses to drifting sin-wave gratings, optimized for orientation, direction and velocity, were determined over a range of spatial frequencies. Comparative measurements of spatial frequency tuning at constant velocity and at constant temporal drift frequency revealed that, overall, tuning derived by either method was similar. Results were evaluated in relation to neuronal class (simple or complex); cell subclass (standard, intermediate or special), defined by length summation, directionality; and velocity selectivity. Distributions of optimal spatial frequency for simple and complex neurones were comparable. By contrast, bandwidths of simple neurones were markedly narrower than for complex neurones, Standard complex neurones, in turn, had narrower vandwidths than special or intermediate complex neurones. Optimal spaties frequency correlated inversely with optimal velocity, directly with orientation selectivity. Thus, neurones tuned to high spatial frequencies tended to respond optimally to low velocities, and were more sharply orientation selective, than neurones tuned to low spatial frequencies. In binocular nurones, spatial frequency tuning characteristics of the two monocular imputs were compared. For either eye, spatial frequency tuning curves were reproducible over time. In a minority of neurones, spatial frequency characteristics were matched for the two eyes . A Majority showed mismatch in spatial frequency characteristics between the eyes. Individual neurones were tuned to different bands of spatial frequencies through either eye; more sharply spatial-frequency selective through one eye than the other; or had both dissimilar bandwidth and spatial frequency. Changing imput spatial-frequency resulted in profound, systematic shifts in ocular dominance. These were progressive in the case of spatial-frequncy mismatch. In cases of bandwidth, or bandwidth an spatial-frequency mismatch, the eye associated with more sharply-tuned imput exerted relatively greater influence at centre frequencies, the other eye relatively greater influence at extreme frequencies...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Visual Cortex/physiology , Orientation/physiology , Vision, Binocular/physiology , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Motion Perception/physiology
15.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 22(11): 1355-9, 1989. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-83139

ABSTRACT

Using a 0.9 x 4.0m visual alley, perceived absolute distance was studied in four groups of subjects: binocular, cross-eyed, monocular, and induced-monocular individuals. A power function between the different physical and perceived distances was adjusted and the relative and absolute errors mad by the observers were calculated. Despite a tendency to overestimate distance in the monocular group, no significant differences were detected among groups. The data suggest that, under natural-cue conditions, binocularity is not a determining factor for the perception of absolute distance


Subject(s)
Humans , Distance Perception/physiology , Vision, Binocular/physiology , Vision, Monocular/physiology , Visual Acuity
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