Evaluation of the Impact of Automated Specimen Inoculation, Using Previ Isola, on the Quality of and Technical Time for Stool Cultures

BACKGROUND: This study was designed as a quasi-experiment to evaluate automatic inoculation of fecal specimens, using the automated specimen inoculator Previ Isola (bioMerieux, France). METHODS: We evaluated the quality of cultures, recovery rates of enteropathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia species), and cost-effectiveness in terms of technical time. The Previ Isola recovery rates for the two-year period from August 2009 to July 2011 were compared with historical manual inoculation data of the previous two years (August 2007 to July 2009). The regional (Baden-Wurttemberg) and nationwide (Germany) trends of recovery rates for this four-year period were referred. RESULTS: A total of 5,884 fecal specimens were collected over the study period. Most positive cultures were for Salmonella, followed by Campylobacter. Compared with the historical data, the numbers of Campylobacter-positive specimens for a year between August and July were increased significantly, from 19 in 2007-2008 and 10 in 2008-2009 to 32 in 2009-2010 (P=0.002) and 32 in 2010-2011 (P=0.003), respectively. During the study period, the official data for our region and nationwide did not show this increase in the recovery rate of Campylobacter. For Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia, no significant changes were observed. Compared with manual inoculation, the mean hands-on time with Previ Isola inoculation was significantly shortened, from 37:30 min to 8:42 min per 15 fecal specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Inoculation by Previ Isola improves the quality of routine culture of fecal specimens, with better sensitivity for Campylobacter and less hands-on time.

The Prevalence of Yersinia Infection in Adult Patients with Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical manifestations of intestinal yersiniosis include enterocolitis, mesenteric adenitis, and terminal ileitis presenting with fever, right lower quadrant pain, and leukocytosis. According to a previous Korean study in 1997, Yersinia was revealed in two among 15 adult patients with mesenteric adenitis (13%). However, recent reports on the prevalence of Yersinia infection in adult patients are few. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Yersinia infection in adult patients with acute right lower quadrant pain. METHODS: Adult patients (>18 years) who visited Eulji medical center, due to acute right lower quadrant pain were enrolled prospectively from December 2007 to July 2009. Abdominal CT, stool culture, serologic test for Yersinia, and Widal test were performed. RESULTS: Among 115 patients, 5 patients were excluded due to positive Widal test or salmonella culture. In 110 patients, abdominal CT showed right colitis in 20 (18.2%), terminal ileitis in 16 (14.5%), mesenteric adenitis in 13 (11.8%), acute appendicitis in 10 (9.1%), acute diverticulitis in 7 (6.4%), non specific mucosal edema in 36 (32.7%) and no specific lesion in 8 (7.3%). Two (1.8%) of the 110 patients had antibodies to Yersinia. One patient showed acute enteritis and the other patient was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent appendectomy. No Yersinia species were grown on stool or tissue culture. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, among adult Korean patients presenting with acute right lower quadrant pain, there have been few incidences of Yersinia infection.

Isolation of Yersinia spp. from cases of diarrhoea in Iraqi infants and children

All 250 children presenting with diarrhoea at 2 teaching hospitals in Mosul, Iraq over a 9-month period were studied for the presence of Yersinia spp. in stools by cold-enrichment culture at 4 [0]C for 21 days. Pathogenicity of the isolated Yersinia was determined. Antibodies to Y. enterocolitica were raised for rapid Yersinia detection in the stool. Yersinia spp. were isolated from the stools of only 4 patients; 3 isolates were identified as Y. enterocolitica and 1 was Y. pseudotuberculosis. The blood culture was also positive for Y. enterocolitica in 1 case. The antibiogram test for the isolated Yersinia was determined. Cross-reaction between Y. pseudotuberculosis and Salmonella typhi or S. paratyphi B, and between Y. enterocolitica and Brucella was detected serologically

Panoramic view of the occurrence of Yersinia species other than Y. pestis in Brazil

Data on the occurrence of Yersinia species. other than Y. pestis in Brazil are presented. Over the past 40 years, 767 Yersinia strains have been identified and typed by the National Reference Center on Yersinia spp. other than Y. pestis, using the classical biochemical tests for species characterization. The strains were further classified into biotypes, serotypes and phagetypes when pertinent. These tests led to the identification of Yersinia cultures belonging to the species Y. enterocolitica, Y.pseudotuberculosis, Y. intermedia, Y. frederiksenii and Y. kristensenii. Six isolates could not be classified in any of the known Yersinia species and for this reason were defined as Non-typable (NT). The bio-sero-phagetypes of these strains were diverse. The following species of Yersinia were not identified among the Brazilian strains by the classical phenotypic or biochemical tests: Y. aldovae, Y. rhodei, Y. mollaretti, Y. bercovieri and Y.ruckeri. The Yersinia strains were isolated from clinical material taken from sick and/or healthy humans and animals, from various types of food and from the environment, by investigators of various Institutions localized in different cities and regions of Brazil.

Studies on enteric red mouth disease [ERM] among freshwater fish

Six isolates of Yersinia ruckeri [Y. ruckeri], the aetiological agent of Enteric Red Mouth [ERM] disease were recovered from healthy and septicaemic Oreochromis niloticus [O.niloticus] fish collected from River Nile at Giza Governorate. The isolate No. 2 was the most pathogenic strain of the six isolates, causing high mortality percent among the experimentally infected fish under different stress conditions, namely overcrowdness, external parasitism and transportation with mortality rates of 83%, 70% and 60% in O. niloticus respectively. The mortality rate was 100% in intraperitoneally inoculated O. niloticus and Clarias lazera [C. lazera], while it was 40% in subcutaneously inoculated C. lazera. The main recorded clinical signs in experimentally infected fishes were general septicemia and redness of the eyes. The in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity test for Y. ruckeri isolates revealed their high sensitivity to oxytetracycline

Taxonomía numérica de bacterias aisladas del queso de cabra aplicando medios selectivos / Numerical taxonomy of bacteria isolated from goat cheese applying selective culture media

Mediante medios selectivos se aislaron 105 cepas bacterianas desde quesos de cabra, adquiridos en mercados locales de la ciudad de Valparaiso (Chile). Todas las cepas bacterianas junto a 4 de referencia, fueron examinadas para para 54 características fenotípicas, incluyendo pruebas morfológicas, fisiológicas y bioquímicas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis numérico, utilizando el coeficiente de apareamiento simple Ssm. y la técnica de agrupación UPGMA. A nivel de semejanza de un 80 por ciento las cepas se agruparon en 8 fenómenos, representando a miembros de la familia enterobacteriaceae (7) y uno al género streptococcus

Investigación de bacterias del género Yersinia en pollos destinados al consumo y en alimento balanceado para aves / Bacteria of the genus Yersinia in chickens for human consumption and in balanced bird food

Se ha investigado la presencia de bacterias del género Yersinia en 50 muestras de pollo faenados destinados al consumo y en 65 muestras de alimento balanceado para aves. Se enriquecieron en solución de buffer de fosfatos 0,067 M pH 7,6 en NaCl 0,145 M (PBS) a 4 -C durante 21 días. El post-enriquecimiento se realizó con KOK al 0,5%. Los aislamientos se hicieron sobre agar Salmonella-Shigella (SS) y agar MacConkey (MC). Las colonias sospechosas se sembraron en triple azúcar hierro (TSI). Las colonias se purificaron a través de pruebas bioquímicas, serológicas y de fagotipia. De las muestras de pollo se aisló Y. enterocolítica en un 10% con las siguientes biovar (B), serovar (O) y fagovar (Lis): B:1,0:6,47, Lis Xz; B:1, 0:6, Lis Xz; y B:1,0:5, Lis Xz; Y. intermedia en un 40%, B:1,0:52,Lis Xz y B:1,0:52,53,54,Lis Xz (NRA, nitrato reductasa de tipo A); Y. frederiksenii en un 4%, 0:10, K1,25,35,38,46, Lis Xz (citrato +) y 0:10,K1,25,35,38,46,Lis Xz (ONPG -: citrato +); Y kristensenii en un 2%, no aglutinable, Lis Xo. Del alimento balanceado para aves no se aisló Yersinia spp. todas las cepas fueron negativas a las pruebas de dependencia del calcio para el crecimiento y autoaglutinación a 37 -C indicandola ausencia de plasmidios de virulencia. También fueron negativas a la prueba de Sereny. Cuatro cepas fueron enterotoxina positivas. De los resultados obtendios se concluye que las cepas de Yersinia aisladas a partir de pollos no significan un riesgo para la salud

Virulence of Yersinia spp. strains isolated from non-human sources

1. Strains of Yearsinia enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y frederiksenii and Y. kristensenii from non-human sources were examined for virulence factors. Four of these strains were positive for autoagglutination, three were calcium dependent at 37-C, three produced lipase, five had the ability to bind Congo red, six had pyrazinamidase activity, and two had a 42 MDa plasmid. 2. One strain (Y. enterocolitica 0:5) was lethal for mice and had the ability to invade guinea pig eyes and HeLa cells. After inoculation of mice by the intravenous route, this strain was isolated from the cecum. The spleen, liver, kidneys and lymph nodes presented necrosis. After intragastric inoculation, the strain was isolated from all of the organs and tissues examined. 3. Three of the remaining strains invaded HeLa cells but none caused guinea pig conjunctivitis. 4. After intragastric inoculation, all the strains were isolated from the cecum but disappeared between dys 3 and 6. After intravenous infection, three strains produced necrosis of the spleen and were more invasive, eliciting infection in various organs. The remaining strains caused hypertrophy and hyperplasua of Peyer's patches and/or lymph nodes. 5. These results indicate that Y. enterocolitica 0:5 can be considered as virulent as typical European Y. enterocolitica strains. The remaining strains perphaps induce a weak immune response independent of virulence factors

Escherichia coli enterotoxigena y campylobacter jejuni en el sindrome diarreico agudo en lactantes Chilenos / Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni in acute diarrheal syndrome in Chilean infants

An investigation carried out between the months of November 1982 and November 1983 looked at the frequency of isolation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni compared with other enteropathogenic bacteria in 144 children under 2 years of age who had acute diarrhea and in 66 controls, all of them from lower socioeconomic strata, in a hospital and an outpatient office in Santiago, Chile. In addition, seasonal variations in frequency of the bacteria were determined. During the summer enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated in 64.7 per cent of the patients with diarrhea, while in winter this figure fell to 45.2 per cent. In the control group these proportions were 37.8 and 23.8 per cent, respectively (p0.01). Enteropathogenic E. coli was the bacterium that was isolated most frequently from sick infants (37.3 per cent in summer and 19.0 per cent in winter), followed by enterotoxigenic E. coli (21.6 and 19.0 per cent), several species of Shigella (12.7 and 4.8 per cent), C. jejuni (7.8 and 9.5. ), enteroinvasive E. coli (1.9 and 2.4 per cent), and various species of Salmonella (3.9 and 0 per cent); no strains of Yersinia were isolated. Infections caused by more than one enteropathogenic bacterium were observed in 19.6 per cent of the summer cases and 9.5 per cent of the winter ones

Ocorrência de Yersinia sp. em redutos aquáticos naturais, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Ocurrence of Yersinia sp. in acquatic natural resources of the city of Rio de Janeiro

Foram estudadas oito coleçöes aquáticas naturais obtidas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, objetivando o isolamento de Yersinia sp. Em sessenta e quatro amostras de água processadas, vinte e seis (42,2%) mostraram-se positivas para a presença de Yersinia sp. proporcionando o isolamento de 55 amostras que foram classificadas em quatro diferentes espécies: Y. intermedia (61,8%), Y. enterocolítica (18,2%), Y. frederiksenii (16,3%) e Y. kristensenii (3,6%). As amostras de Yersinia sp. isoladas foram grupadas em biotipos, sorotipos e lisotipos, tendo sido encontrado entre elas o sorotipo 0:5 implicado em infecçöes humanas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa do potencial patogênico das amostras isoladas foi realizada através da detecçäo de enterotoxina termoestável (ST), da capacidade de autoaglutinaçäo e da dependência ao íon cálcio. Em sua maioria, as amostras de Yersinia sp. mostraram-se avirulentas frente as três provas estudadas

Isolamento de Yersinia sp. em alimentos diversos / Isolation of Yersinia sp. in foods

Yersinia sp. foi pesquisada em 138 amostras de alimentos, assim distribuídas: 30 amostras de leite cru, 33 de leite pasteurizado, 15 de carne moída, 15 de fígado de boi, 15 de fígado de suíno e 30 amostras de alface, todas coletadas ou adquiridas na regiäo da cidade de Araraquara, Estado de Säo Paulo. Foram isoladas: Y. enterocolitica de diferentes sorotipos e Y. intermedia 5,27/Xz em 9,1% das amostras de leite pasteurizado; em 3,3% das de alface, Y. intermedia NAG/Xz; em 20% das de carne moída Y. enterocolitica (celobiose, sacarose, sorbitol-, citrato+)/25/Xz e Y. intermedia de diversos sorotipos, e, em 13,3% das amostras de fígado bovino, Y. intermedia também de diferentes sorotipos. Näo se isolou Yersinia sp. de leite cru e fígado suíno. Apesar de nenhuma das cepas isoladas pertencer a sorogrupos reconhecidamente patogênicos, a presença dessa bactéria nesses alimentos, mantidos sob refrigeraçäo, deve ser vista com restriçäo, uma vez que cepas de sorotipos de Y. enterocolitica consideradas näo patogênicas estäo se adaptando ao homem

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Septicemia Report of a Case

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is known to cause septicemia, mesenteric lymphadenitis enteritis and erythema nodosum. Most of the infections were found in European countries, but none in Korea ti11 now. For the first time in Korea Y. pseudotuberculosis was isolated form a 51-year-old ma1e with liver cirrhosis. The patient showed chills, abdominal pain and diarrhea followed by a comatose state. The organism was isolated from both blood and peritoneal fluid. The isolation and identification were difficult as the organism grew slowly and many of the characteristics were similar to other enteric bacilli. The isolate was susceptible to all antibiotics tested in vitro, but our chemotherapy with ampicillin and kanamycin did not save the patient's life.