Evaluation of teaching low intensity laser in perspective dentist

Search knowledge dentist front surgeon to low intensity laser through a questionnaire. They were selected randomly in the city of Juiz de Fora and region 91 Dental Surgeons of Minas Gerais. These employees were sent during the months from July to October 2013, a standard form printed with questions about laser education assessment of low intensity. Of the 91 participants, 42 (46.2%) were female and 49 (53.8%) were male. Fifty-seven (62.6%) had dental public institution of higher education; 32 (35.2%) attended a private institution and 2 (2.2%) did not report this data. Eighty-nine dentists reported the time of graduation, and this varied with a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 38 years of training, the average being 11 years and this is the standard deviation of 10.7. The age of these professionals is on average thirty-five years, ranging from twenty-two years to sixty-five years of age and the standard deviation of this is 10.8. The distribution according to academic title was: 35 dentists (38.5%) had a degree in dentistry; 13 (14.3%) were specialists; 14 (15.4%) had master's and 4 (4.4%) doctorate. 25 (27.5%) did not report the academic title. The most relevant mentioned specialties were general practitioner, endodontics and implantology. We can conclude that the Juiz de Fora dentist - MG and region makes little use of laser therapy and this is mainly due to little knowledge acquired at the undergraduate and graduate education.

Análise quanti e semiquantitativa do colágeno no reparo tecidual - um estudo comparativo / Quantitative and semiquantitative analysis of collagen in wound healing - a comparative study

Introdução: diversos estudos têm destacado a relevância do colágeno no contexto do reparo tecidual, em especial, sob influência de diferentes terapias biomoduladoras. A análise do colágeno tem sido realizada mediante diferentes abordagens metodológicas, entre as quais se destacam as análises semiquantitativa e histomorfométrica. Objetivos: O presente estudo Objetivou comparar os Resultados de dois tipos de análise acerca da presença de fibras colágenas na matriz extracelular durante a cicatrização cutânea, em ferimentos fotobiomodulados. Metodologia: vinte ratos machos Wistar, foram submetidos à indução de uma ferida cutânea padronizada dorsal e divididos em dois grupos, Controle (GC) e Fotobiomodulado com laser (GL). Os períodos de morte corresponderam ao 5º. e 10º. dias. As secções histológicas foram coradas com Sírius vermelho para análise semiquantitativa e histomorfométrica do colágeno. Resultados: dois parâmetros foram utilizados para comparar o desfecho primário, um critério de grandeza quantitativa em porcentagem (área de colágeno), e o segundo critério semiquantitativo, com grandezas conferidas de acordo com escores que variaram de leve a intenso. Não foram observados Resultados divergentes entre os dois tipos de análise. No 5º. dia, independente do tipo de análise, constatou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo controle e o submetido à Fotobiomodulação (p<0,05), embora tal efeito tenha sido considerado pequeno. Conclusão: estes dados sugerem que ambos os métodos de análise foram capazes de reproduzir Resultados semelhantes, cabendo ao pesquisador eleger aquele que melhor se adeque ao escopo de sua pesquisa.

Introduction: several studies highlighted the relevance of collagen in the context of wound healing, especially under the influence of different biomodulatory therapies. Collagen analysis has been performed using different methodological approaches, among which semi-quantitative and histomorphometric analyzes stand out. The present study aimed to compare the Results of two methods of analysis regarding the presence of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix during wound healing, in photobiomodulated wounds. Methods: twenty male Wistar rats were submitted to the induction of a standardized dorsal skin wound and divided into two groups, Control (GC) and Laser Photobiomodulated (GL). The periods of death corresponded to the 5th. and 10th. days. Histological sections were stained with Sirius red for semiquantitative and histomorphometric analysis of collagen. Results: two parameters were used to compare the primary outcome, a quantitative magnitude criterion in percentage (collagen area), and the second semiquantitative criterion, with magnitudes conferred according to scores that varied from mild to severe. No divergent Results were observed between the two types of analysis. On the 5th. day, regardless of the type of analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between the control group and the group submitted to Photobiomodulation (p<0.05), although this effect was considered small. Conclusion:these data suggest that both analysis methods were able to reproduce similar Results, leaving the researcher to choose the one that best fits the scope of his research.

Práticas integrativas e complementares na odontologia / Integrative and complementary practices in dentistry / Prácticas integradoras y complementarias en odontología

As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs) apresentam-se como métodos coadjuvantes, auxiliando na obtenção de sucesso em determinados tratamentos clínicos e/ou cirúrgicos, atuando na prevenção, auxiliando na cura e no equilíbrio psicossomático com a finalidade de reestabelecer concordância entre mente e corpo. O Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) regulamentou práticas como acupuntura, hipnose, terapia floral e fitoterapia, entretanto, suas aplicabilidades dependem da emissão de uma habilitação e seu devido registro no Conselho (Resolução CFO 82/2008). Para a Odontologia, as PICs proporcionam novas ferramentas para exercer um atendimento integral do ser humano. Neste trabalho, propõe-se fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre as PICs e Odontologia. Esta revisão de literatura foi realizada por meio de busca de artigos na base de dados Scielo, PubMed e Scholar Google no período de 2000 a 2021. Foram encontrados artigos sobre as seguintes PICs atuando conjuntamente com a Odontologia: terapias florais, acupuntura, hipnodontia, ozonioterapia, laserterapia, fitoterapia, homeopatia e odontologia antroposófica. Essas práticas apresentam grande valia, pois promovem o bem-estar sem causar dano ao indivíduo, apresentando poucos ou nenhum efeito colateral possibilitando maior segurança aos pacientes, além de favorecer a relação entre paciente e cirurgião-dentista, otimizando o tempo de trabalho no consultório odontológico e reduzindo custos.

Integrative and Complementary Practices (PICs) are presented as supporting methods, helping to achieve success in certain clinical and/or surgical treatments, acting in prevention, assisting in healing and psychosomatic balance in order to reestablish agreement between mind and body. . The Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) has regulated practices such as acupuncture, hypnosis, floral therapy and herbal medicine, however, their applicability depends on the issuance of a license and its proper registration with the Council (Resolution CFO 82/2008). For Dentistry, PICs provide new tools to provide comprehensive care to human beings. In this work, we propose to review the literature on PICs and Dentistry. This literature review was carried out by searching articles in the Scielo, PubMed and Scholar Google databases from 2000 to 2021. Articles were found on the following PICs working together with Dentistry: floral therapies, acupuncture, hypnodontics, ozone therapy , laser therapy, phytotherapy, homeopathy and anthroposophic dentistry. These practices are of great value, as they promote well-being without causing harm to the individual, presenting few or no side effects, allowing greater safety for patients, in addition to favoring the relationship between patient and dentist, optimizing working time in the dental office and reducing costs.

Las Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias (PIC) se presentan como métodos coadyuvantes, ayudando a obtener el éxito en determinados tratamientos clínicos y/o quirúrgicos, actuando en la prevención, ayudando en la cura y en el equilibrio psicosomático con el fin de restablecer la concordancia entre mente y cuerpo. El Consejo Federal de Odontología (CFO) ha regulado prácticas como la acupuntura, la hipnosis, la terapia floral y la fitoterapia, sin embargo, su aplicabilidad depende de la emisión de un título y su correcto registro en el Consejo (Resolución CFO 82/2008). Para la odontología, los PIC aportan nuevas herramientas para la atención integral del ser humano. En este trabajo, nos proponemos hacer una revisión bibliográfica sobre los PIC y la Odontología. Esta revisión bibliográfica se realizó mediante la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Scielo, PubMed y Scholar Google desde el año 2000 hasta el 2021. Se encontraron artículos sobre los siguientes CFP que actúan conjuntamente con la Odontología: terapias florales, acupuntura, hipnodoncia, ozonoterapia, terapia láser, fitoterapia, homeopatía y odontología antroposófica. Estas prácticas tienen un gran valor porque promueven el bienestar sin causar daño al individuo, presentando pocos o ningún efecto secundario, proporcionando mayor seguridad a los pacientes, y favoreciendo la relación entre el paciente y el dentista, optimizando el tiempo de trabajo en el consultorio y reduciendo los costos.

Necesidad de actualización de los conocimientos sobre laserterapia en profesionales de estomatología / Necessity of updating knowledge on laser therapy in stomatology professionals

Introducción: El conocimiento sobre laserterapia es necesario en los profesionales de las especialidades médicas y estomatológicas, a fin de emplearla apropiadamente en los pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar la necesidad de conocimientos sobre laserterapia en profesionales de estomatología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde marzo de 2020 hasta abril de 2021, en 60 profesionales del Servicio de Estomatología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, en quienes se aplicó una encuesta cuyas respuestas fueron catalogadas en adecuadas e inadecuadas. Asimismo, se utilizaron métodos empíricos y estadísticos para el análisis de los resultados. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados habían obtenido los conocimientos en la formación de pregrado; asimismo, se obtuvo un porcentaje superior de respuestas adecuadas en cuanto a las propiedades de la terapia con láser, las precauciones para su aplicación y las contraindicaciones relacionadas con el tratamiento quirúrgico. Al analizar el conocimiento según categoría profesional, se pudo comprobar que los especialistas poseían una noción más adecuada acerca del tema que el resto de los participantes en la investigación. Conclusiones: Los profesionales mostraron conocimientos insuficientes para aplicar la laserterapia; por ende, se requiere trazar una estrategia de superación que posibilite capacitarles en tan importante tema.

Introduction: Knowledge on lasertherapy is necessary in professionals of medical and stomatological specialities, so as to use them properly in patients. Objective: To identify the scarce knowledge on lasertherapy in stomatology professionals. Methods: A descriptive and crossed-sectional study was carried out from March 2020 to April, 2021, in 60 professionals in the stomatological service from Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, in whom a survey was applied and their answers were classified as adequate or inadequate. Likewise, empiric and statistics methods were used for the analysis of results. Results: Most of the surveyed professionals had acquired knowlegde during their pre-degree training, in the same way, a higher percentage of adequate answers was obtained regarding the properties of therapy with laser, meassures for its use, and contraindications related to surgical treatment. When analizing knowledge according to professional categories, it could be proven that specialists had a more adequate notion on the topic than the rest of participants in the study. Conclusions: Professional showed scarce knowledge on to use lasertherapy; so, it is required to elaborate a training estrategy to prepare them in such an important topic.

Laserterapia transcutânea para efeitos adversos hematopoiéticos de quimioterápicos antineoplásicos: Ensaio clínico randomizado / Terapia con láser transcutáneo para los efectos adversos hematopoyéticos de la quimioterapia antineoplásica: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Transcutaneous laser therapy for hematopoietic adverse effects of antineoplastic chemotherapeutics: Randomized clinical trial

Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia dos protocolos de aplicação transcutânea do Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood 30' e 60', sobre os efeitos adversos no tecido hematopoiético por agentes quimioterápicos antineoplásicos endovenosos em adultos. Método. Ensaio clínico, randomizado e unicego, realizado em serviço ambulatorial de quimioterapia de hospital público do estado de São Paulo realizado de abril de 2018 a março de 2019. A amostra constituiu de 55 pacientes com tumores sólidos, a partir do segundo ciclo de tratamento com fármacos endovenosos citotóxicos para o tecido hematopoiético. O comprimento de onda utilizado foi de 660 nm, por via transcutânea, sob artéria radial. Resultado. Comparado ao tipo de hemocomponente, obtivemos, respectivamente aos protocolos do Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood 30' e 60': hemoglobina (85%; 86%), plaquetas (100%; 100%) e neutrófilos (95%; 92%). Conclusão. Considerou-se ambos os protocolos eficazes e, portanto, sugere-se implantá-los em unidades de quimioterapia(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the protocols for transcutaneous application of the Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood 30' and 60', on the adverse effects on hematopoietic tissue by intravenous antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents in adults. Method. Clinical, randomized and single-blind trial, carried out in an outpatient chemotherapy service of a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, carried out from April 2018 to March 2019. The sample consisted of 55 patients with solid tumors, from the second cycle of treatment with cytotoxic intravenous drugs for hematopoietic tissue. The wavelength used was 660 nm, transcutaneously, under the radial artery. Result. Compared to the type of blood component, we obtained, respectively from the Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood 30' and 60' protocols: hemoglobin (85%; 86%), platelets (100%; 100%) and neutrophils (95%; 92%). Conclusion. Both protocols were considered effective and, therefore, it is suggested to implant them in chemotherapy units.(AU)

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de los protocolos de aplicación transcutánea de Irradiación Láser Intravenosa de Sangre 30' y 60', sobre los efectos adversos sobre el tejido hematopoyético por agentes quimioterápicos antineoplásicos intravenosos en adultos. Método. Ensayo clínico, aleatorizado y simple ciego, realizado en un servicio de quimioterapia ambulatoria de un hospital público del estado de São Paulo, realizado de abril de 2018 a marzo de 2019. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 55 pacientes con tumores sólidos, del segundo ciclo. del tratamiento con fármacos intravenosos citotóxicos para el tejido hematopoyético. La longitud de onda utilizada fue de 660 nm, por vía transcutánea, bajo la arteria radial. Resultado. En comparación con el tipo de componente sanguíneo, obtuvimos, respectivamente, de los protocolos de Irradiación Intravenosa con Láser de Sangre 30' y 60': hemoglobina (85%; 86%), plaquetas (100%; 100%) y neutrófilos (95%; 92%). %). Conclusión. Ambos os protocolos se consideraron efectivos, por lo que se sugiere implantarlos en las unidades de quimioterapia(AU)

Tongue-tie in babies: diagnosis and laser frenectomy: case report / Anquiloglosia en bebés: diagnóstico y frenotomía con láser: informe de caso

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes that breast-feeding must be promoted, supported, and protected due to its benefits in maternal and child health and for the economic, environmental, family and community benefits it produces. Case Report: Ankyloglossia in the newborn can cause early cessation of breastfeeding. A clinical case of a 2-month-old baby, referred to the surgical team of the Dental Service of the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center, with difficulties in breastfeeding due to ankyloglossia is presented. Diagnosis and laser surgical treatment was performed. In the immediate postoperative period, there was an improvement, achieving breastfeeding without the aid of devices, and a progressive improvement during the month following the intervention occurred. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and timely intervention collaborate in the maintenance of lactation and in the progressive improvement of the process.

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) establece que la lactancia materna debe ser promovida, apoyada y protegida por sus beneficios demostrados en la salud materno-infantil y por las ventajas económicas, ambientales, familiares y comunitarias que produce.Reporte de Caso: La anquiloglosia en el recién nacido puede provocar el abandono temprano de la lactancia. Se presenta un caso clínico de un bebe de 2 meses, derivado al equipo quirúrgico del Servicio Odontológico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, por dificultades en el amamantamiento a causa de anquiloglosia. Se realizó el diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico con láser. En el postoperatorio inmediato se registró una mejoría en el amamantamiento, logrando la lactancia sin intermediario y una mejoría progresiva en la praxis durante el mes siguiente a la intervención.Conclusión: El diagnóstico precoz y la intervención oportuna colaboran en el mantenimiento de la lactancia y en la mejora progresiva de la praxis.

Thulium laser enucleation of prostate versus laparoscopic trans-vesical simple prostatectomy in the treatment of large benign prostatic hyperplasia: head-to-head comparison

ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare thulium laser enucleation of prostate (ThuLEP) versus laparoscopic trans-vesical simple prostatectomy (LSP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: Data of patients who underwent surgery for "large" BPH (>80mL) at three Institutions were collected and analyzed. Two institutions performed ThuLEP only; the third institution performed LSP only. Preoperative (indwelling catheter status, prostate volume (PVol), hemoglobin (Hb), Qmax, post-voiding residual volume (PVR), IPSS, QoL, IIEF-5) and perioperative data (operative time, enucleated adenoma, catheterization time, length of stay, Hb-drop, complications) were compared. Functional (Qmax, PVR, %ΔQmax) and patient-reported outcomes (IPSS, QoL, IIEF-5, %ΔIPSS, %ΔQoL) were compared at last follow-up. Results: 80 and 115 patients underwent LSP and ThuLEP, respectively. At baseline, median PVol was 130 versus 120mL, p <0.001; Qmax 9.6 vs. 7.1mL/s, p=0.005; IPSS 21 versus 25, p <0.001. Groups were comparable in terms of intraoperative complications (1 during LSP vs. 3 during ThuLEP) and transfusions (1 per group). Differences in terms of operative time (156 vs. 92 minutes, p <0.001), Hb-drop (-2.5 vs. −0.9g/dL, p <0.001), catheterization time (5 vs. 2 days, p <0.001) and postoperative complications (13.8% vs. 0, p <0.001) favored ThuLEP. At median follow-up of 40 months after LSP versus 30 after ThuLEP (p <0.001), Qmax improved by 226% vs. 205% (p=0.5), IPSS decreased by 88% versus 85% (p=0.9), QoL decreased by 80% with IIEF-5 remaining almost unmodified for both the approaches. Conclusions: Our analysis showed that LSP and ThuLEP are comparable in relieving from BPO and improving the patient-reported outcomes. Invasiveness of LSP is more significant.

High-power laser for periodontal surgery in a patient with glanzmann thrombasthenia / Laser de alta potência para cirurgia periodontal em paciente com trombastenia de glanzmann

Background: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by platelet function impairment. Considering that the oral cavity is highly vascularized and performing some local hemostatic maneuvers may be difficult, GT patients are at high risk for hemorrhage related to invasive oral procedures. This study aimed to present an alternative method for periodontal surgery in a young GT patient. Case Report: A 15-year-old female GT patient with a recent history of excessive bleeding following dental surgeries was referred to a public dental center, presenting gingival hyperplasia. The procedure was performed using a high-power laser (HPL), and except for local anesthesia with epinephrine, no further hemostatic agent was necessary. Conclusion: According to the case, the HPL seems to be an efficient tool for preventing perioperative bleeding in GT patients submitted to minor oral surgeries(AU)

Introdução: A trombastenia de Glanzmann (TG) é uma doença autossômica recessiva rara caracterizada por comprometimento da função plaquetária. Tendo em vista que a cavidade oral é altamente vascularizada e a realização de algumas manobras hemostáticas locais pode ser difícil, pacientes com TG apresentam alto risco de hemorragia relacionada a procedimentos orais invasivos. Este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar uma técnica alternativa para cirurgia periodontal em um paciente jovem com TG. Relato de Caso: Paciente com TG, sexo feminino, 15 anos, com história recente de sangramento excessivo relacionado a cirurgias odontológicas prévias, foi encaminhada a um centro odontológico público apresentando hiperplasia gengival. O procedimento de remoção foi realizado com laser de alta potência e, com exceção da anestesia local com epinefrina, nenhum outro agente hemostático foi necessário. Conclusão: De acordo com o caso, o laser de alta potência parece ser uma ferramenta eficiente na prevenção de sangramento perioperatório em pacientes com TG submetidos a pequenas cirurgias orais(AU)

Guia de cáncer de pene de la Sociedad Colombiana de Urología / Colombian Society of Urology Penile Cancer Guideline

El cáncer de pene tiene una incidencia de 1.11 por 100.000 habitantes en Colombia, representado en el 95% por carcinoma de células escamosas el cual representa una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, La Sociedad Colombiana de Urología realizo la adaptación de la guía de cáncer de pene para el año 2021 con revisión de la literatura, esta guía permite realizar una evaluación y tratamiento del cáncer de pene, enmuchas ocasiones con el objetivo de preservación de órgano utilizando la ecografía como determinante para evaluar el compromiso de la lesión a las estructuras del pene, los estudios de extensión dependerán de hallazgos al examen físico como ganglios o compromiso local de la enfermedad, de acuerdo al tipo de lesión y su estadificación puede recibir terapia con agentes tópicos, radioterapia, cirugía láser, cirugía preservadora de órgano o penectomía total; La linfadenectomía inguinal permitirá mejorar la supervivencia en tumores de riesgo intermedio y alto (>pT1G2), posteriormente la quimioterapia adyuvante esta en el grupo de pacientes en el cual la intención sea curativa, aunque en terapia paliativa de segunda línea se encuentran los platinos y texanos como alternativa pero con pobre respuesta (<30%); los esquemas de seguimiento se realiza de acuerdo al estadio y el compromiso ganglionar. Al final se presentan los resultados de actividad sexual después de cirugía preservadora de órgano; Esta guía abarca la literatura actualizada del cáncer de pene, el cual es útil para el manejo por parte de los profesionales de salud del país.

Penile cancer has an incidence of 1.11 per 100,000 inhabitants in Colombia, 95% represented by squamous cell carcinoma which represents a high morbidity and mortality, The Colombian Society of Urology adapted the penile cancer guide to The year 2021 with a review of the literature, this guide allows an evaluation and treatment of penile cancer, in many cases with the objective of organ preservation, using ultrasound as a determinant to evaluate the commitment of the injury to the structures of the penis, Extension studies will depend on findings on physical examination such as lymph nodes or local involvement of the disease, according to the type of lesion and its staging, it can receive therapy with topical agents, radiotherapy, laser surgery, organ-sparing surgery or total penectomy; Inguinal lymphadenectomy will improve survival in intermediate and high risk tumors (> pT1G2), subsequently adjuvant chemotherapy is in the group of patients in which the intention is curative, although platinum and Texans are found in second-line palliative therapy as an alternative but with a poor response (<30%); the follow-up schemes are carried out according to the stage and lymph node involvement. At the end, the results of sexual activity after organ-sparing surgery are presented; This guide covers the updated literature on penile cancer, which is useful for the management of health professionals in the country.

Holmium laser ablation of the prostate (HoLAP) with moses technology for the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

ABSTRACT Purpose: The expansion of technology is leading to a paradigm shift in several urological fields (1, 2). In particular, the adoption of lasers within the surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered one of the most relevant innovations (3-5). In this video, we aimed to report our experience with holmium laser for the ablation of the prostate (HoLAP) in patients with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to BPH. Materials and Methods: From 2018 to 2020, 10 patients with obstructive LUTS secondary to BPH were treated at our Institution with HoLAP (120W Holmium laser Lumenis® with Moses® technology). Main inclusion criteria were: 1) International Prostate Symptom Score ≥12; 2) prostate volume ≤65mL, 3) maximal flow rate (Qmax) ≤15ml/s at preoperative non-invasive uroflowmetry. Results: Mean patient age was 65 (range: 59-72) years. Preoperative mean prostate volume was 50 (range: 35-65) mL. Mean operative time was 66 (range: 45-85) minutes with a mean laser time/operative time ratio of 0.51 (range: 0.44-0.60). Voiding symptoms, Qmax and post voiding residual were significantly improved after 3 and 12 months (all p <0.05). No postoperative urinary incontinence was detected. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that HoLAP is a slightly time-spending procedure, thus its use should be limited to prostate volume <70-80mL. However, no postoperative complications were recorded at all. This technique showed to be a safe option in patients with low-intermediate prostate volume, also in patients whose antiaggregant/anticoagulant therapy is maintained.

Terapia a laser de alta intensidade (Class IV) e fonoforese em gel de ibuprofeno para o tratamento de osteoartrite de joelho entre pessoas que vivem em terreno montanhoso: um protocolo de ensaio multicêntrico, duplo-cego randomizado / High-intensity laser therapy (Class IV) and ibuprofen gel phonophoresis for treating knee osteoarthritis among people living in hilly terrain: A randomized, double blind, multi-centre trial protocol

INTRODUÇÃO: Pessoas que vivem em terrenos íngremes com carga cíclica anormal podem levar à degeneração da cartilagem óssea. A terapia a laser de alta intensidade (TLAI) e a fonoforese trazem inúmeros benefícios aos pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ). No entanto, ainda não está claro qual tratamento é eficaz entre eles na reabilitação de pacientes com OAJ. OBJETIVO: Verificar se a TLAI de 8 semanas não é pior que a fonoforese em gel de ibuprofeno (FGI) no tratamento de pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho que vivem em terreno montanhoso. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Um total de 108 indivíduos com OAJ serão recrutados por amostragem aleatória simples para participar de um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado. Os indivíduos recrutados com OAJ serão divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, grupo TLAI (grupo experimental) e grupo FGI (grupo controle). A duração do tratamento de TLAI e FGI será de 8 minutos em uma sessão/articulação do joelho para cada dia, por 3 dias/semana até 8 semanas, além de seus exercícios convencionais por 30 minutos. O Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities Osteoarthritis Index, o algômetro digitalizado de pressão de dor e o questionário de 36 itens Short-Form Health Survey são as medidas de resultado que serão registradas ao término, no final do período pós-intervenção de 8 semanas. PERSPECTIVAS: Os resultados deste ensaio contribuirão para recomendações baseadas em evidências para a implicação clínica de que o TLAI não é pior que o FGI juntamente com a intervenção de exercício para tratar indivíduos com OAJ que vivem em terreno íngreme.

INTRODUCTION: People living in hilly terrain with abnormal cyclic loading could lead to bone cartilage degeneration. High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and Ibuprofen gel phonophoresis (IGP) have innumerable benefits for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, it is still unclear which treatment is effective among them in rehabilitating patients with KOA. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether 8-week HILT is no worse than the IGP in treating patients with knee osteoarthritis living in hilly terrain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 108 individuals with KOA will be recruited by simple random sampling to participate in a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Recruited individuals with KOA will be randomly divided into two groups, the HILT group (experimental group) and the IGP group (active control group). The treatment duration of HILT and IGP will be 8 minutes in one session/knee joint for each day for 3 days/week up to 8 weeks in addition to their conventional exercises for 30 minutes. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Digitalized pain pressure algometer, and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire are the outcome measures that will be recorded at baseline, end of the 8-week post-intervention period. PERSPECTIVES: The results from this trial will contribute to evidencebased recommendations for the clinical implication of whether HILT is no worse than IGP, along with exercise intervention for treating individuals with KOA living in hilly terrain.

A novel mouse model simulating transurethral laser vaporization prostatectomy / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men, and transurethral laser prostatectomy (TULP) has been widely used in the clinic to remove bladder outlet obstruction caused by BPH. Previous animal models for wound repair after prostatectomy have many limitations, and there have been no previous reports of a mouse model of TULP. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a novel mouse model of TULP. Twelve healthy adult Kunming (KM) mice received transurethral laser vaporization prostatectomy with a 200-μm thulium laser. The mice were sacrificed, and wound specimens from the prostatic urethra and bladder neck were harvested at 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days after surgery. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry were applied to confirm the establishment of the mouse TULP model. One day after the surgery, urothelium expressing uroplakin (UPK) was absent in the urethral wound site, and a large number of necrotic tissues were found in the wound site. There was no UPK-positive urothelium in the wound 3 days after surgery. At 5 days after surgery, monolayer urothelium expressing UPK was found in the wound site, indicating that the re-epithelization of the wound had been completed. On the 7th day after surgery, there were multiple layers of urothelium with UPK expression, indicating that the repair was completed. It is feasible to establish a mouse TULP model by using a microcystoscope system and a 200-μm thulium laser.

Efficacy of mitomycin C in modified transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy / Eficácia da mitomicina C na dacriocistorrinostomia transcanalicular com laser diodo modificada

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of mitomycin C in anatomical and functional success after modified transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy. Methods: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled study compared the effect of topical mitomycin C on modified transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy. Group 1 had modified transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy with topical saline, while Group 2 had modified transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy with topical mitomycin C. Success was defined as anatomical patency and relief of symptoms at the end of 6 months. Results: Six months after surgery, Group 1 (30 patients) showed anatomical and functional success rates of 86.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Group 2 (32 patients) showed anatomical and functional success rates of 87.5% and 84.3%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups 1 and 2 (p = 1.000). Conclusion: The use of mitomycin C did not improve the anatomical and functional success rates of modified transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy compared to placebo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da mitomicina C no sucesso anatômico e funcional após dacriocistorrinostomia transcanalicular com laser de diodo. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, duplo-cego, randomizado e controlado por placebo. Comparou o efeito da mitomicina C tópica na dacriocistorrinostomia transcanalicular com laser de diodo. No Grupo 1, foi utilizada apenas solução salina tópica, enquanto no Grupo 2 foi utilizada mitomicina C tópica. O sucesso foi definido como permeabilidade da via lacrimal e alívio dos sintomas ao final de 6 meses. Resultados: Seis meses após a cirurgia, o Grupo 1 (30 pacientes) apresentou taxas de sucesso anatômico e funcional de 86,7% e 83,3%, respectivamente. O Grupo 2 (32 pacientes) apresentou taxas de sucesso anatômico e funcional de 87,5% e 84,3%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística significante entre os Grupos 1 e 2 (p=1,000). Conclusão: O uso de mitomicina C não melhora as taxas de sucesso anatômico e funcional do dacriocistorrinostomia transcanalicular com laser de diodo em comparação ao placebo.

Alteração refracional após capsulotomia posterior com laser Nd: YAG / Change on refraction after Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar se há mudança refracional significativa após realização de capsulotomia posterior com laser Nd:YAG em olhos pseudofácicos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com análise de prontuários de pacientes atendidos em um hospital com diagnóstico de opacificação de cápsula posterior do cristalino tratada com capsulotomia posterior com laser Nd:YAG no período de outubro de 2019 a março de 2021. A comparação entre a refração antes e após o procedimento foi realizada calculando-se o equivalente esférico. Também foi avaliada a mudança da acuidade visual, aferida por LogMAR. Resultados: Foram analisados 90 prontuários, totalizando 140 olhos, de pacientes submetidos à capsulotomia posterior com laser Nd:YAG. O equivalente esférico médio pré-procedimento foi de -0,07±0,89D, mínimo de -3,0D e máximo de +2,5D, mediana (intervalo interquartil) de 0,0D (-0,50D a +0,375D). A média pós-procedimento foi de -0,18±0,86D, mínimo de -3,5D e máximo de +2,25D, mediana (intervalo interquartil) de -0,125D (-0,50D a 0,0D). com p<0,0082. Dos 140 olhos, 66 sofreram miopização e 37 hipermetropização. A média de alteração do equivalente esférico geral foi de -0,12±0,51D, mínimo de -2,50D e máximo de +1,25D, mediana (intervalo interquartil) de 0,0D (-0,375D a +0,125D). Ao se comparar a diferença entre o equivalente esférico antes e após o procedimento do grupo de olhos que sofreu miopização (n=66) ou hipermetropização (n=37), separadamente, ambos obtiveram p<0,0001. Ao se compararem todos os olhos que sofreram alguma alteração refracional (n=103), foi encontrado p=0,008. A acuidade visual média pré-procedimento foi de 0,23±0,32, mínimo de 0,0 e máximo de 2,3. Pós-procedimento, a média foi de 0,06±0,13, mínimo de -0,12 e máximo de 0,7, com p<0,0001. Conclusão: A capsulotomia posterior com laser Nd:YAG gerou melhora significativa da acuidade visual nos pacientes do estudo, porém também gerou alteração refracional significativa após o procedimento, tanto para miopização (a mais frequente), quanto para hipermetropização.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify if there is a significant change on refraction after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in pseudophakic eyes. Methods: A retrospective study with analysis of medical records of patients treated at a hospital, with diagnosis of opacification of posterior lens capsule treated with Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, from October 2019 to March 2021. The comparison of refraction before and after the procedure was performed by calculating the spherical equivalent. Changes in visual acuity (VA), measured by LogMAR, were also evaluated. Results: A total of 90 medical records (140 eyes) of patients submitted to Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were analysed. The mean pre-procedure spherical equivalent was -0.07±0.89D, minimum of -3.0D and maximum of +2.5D, median (interquartile range) of 0.0D (-0.50D to +0.375D). The post-procedure mean was -0.18±0.86D, minimum of -3.5D and maximum of +2.25D, median (interquartile range) of -0.125D (-0.50D to 0.0D), with p <0.0082. Of the 140 eyes, 66 underwent myopia and 37 hyperopia, the mean change in the general spherical equivalent was -0.12±0.51D, minimum -2.50D and maximum +1.25D, median (interquartile range) of 0.0D (-0.375D to +0.125D). When comparing the difference between the spherical equivalent before and after the procedure of the group of eyes that underwent myopia (n=66) or hyperopia (n=37), separately, both obtained p<0.0001. When comparing all eyes that suffered any change on refraction (n=103), the p value was 0.008. The mean pre-procedure visual acuity was 0.23±0.32, minimum of 0.0 and maximum of 2.3. After the procedure, the mean was 0.06±0.13, minimum of -0.12 and maximum of 0.7, p<0.0001. Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy significantly improved visual acuity of patients in this study; however, it also led to a significant change on refraction after the procedure, both for myopization, which was more frequent, and for hyperopization.

Applications of diode laser in periodontal therapy ­ clinical guidelines and tips / Aplicações do laser de diodo na terapia periodontal ­ Orientações e dicas clínicas

Os lasers de diodo tornaram-se ferramentas clínicas populares devido ao seu tamanho compacto, acessibilidade, facilidade de uso e versatilidade. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as diversas aplicações de um laser de diodo na prática diária e destacar os aspectos técnicos do uso do laser de diodo para o mesmo. Esta série de casos relata o manejo de seis diferentes situações clínicas com laser de diodo: anquiloglossia, bolsa periodontal, zênites gengivais desiguais, mucocele, hipersensibilidade dentinária e gengiva hiperpigmentada. Os pacientes foram tratados com laser de diodo de 940 nm com potência de 0,5 W a 2 W dependendo do caso. A cicatrização pós-operatória transcorreu sem intercorrências na maioria dos casos e foram observados resultados favoráveis. O laser de diodo ofereceu vantagens cirúrgicas como ­ campo seco, desinfecção do sítio cirúrgico e cirurgia sem sutura. Além disso, os autores observaram melhor satisfação do paciente devido à mínima dor ou edema pós-operatório e alívio imediato em caso de hipersensibilidade dentinária. Este artigo apresenta as aplicações cirúrgicas e não cirúrgicas do laser de diodo juntamente com os aspectos técnicos. Embora a literatura disponível não forneça evidências substanciais para comparação direta do laser de diodo com as técnicas convencionais, é seguro concluir que o laser de diodo é uma ferramenta eficiente para uso rotineiro em odontologia.(AU)

The diode lasers have become popular clinical tools because of their compact size, affordability, ease of use and versatility. The aim of this paper is to put forth the various applications of a diode laser in day to day practice and highlight the technical aspects of diode laser use for the same. This case series reports management of six different clinical situations with diode laser namely ­ ankyloglossia, periodontal pocket, unequal gingival zeniths, mucocele, dentinal hypersensitivity and hyper-pigmented gingiva. The patients were treated with 940 nm diode laser with power settings from 0.5 W to 2 W depending on the case. The post-operative healing was uneventful in most cases and favourable outcomes were observed. The diode laser offered surgical advantages like ­ dry field, disinfection of surgical site and suture-less surgery. In addition, the authors observed better patient satisfaction owing to minimal post-operative pain or swelling and immediate relief in case of dentinal hypersensitivity. This paper presents both surgical and non-surgical applications of diode laser along with the technical aspects. Even though the available literature does not lend substantial evidence for direct comparison of diode laser with conventional techniques, it is safe to conclude that diode laser is an efficient tool for routine use in dentistry.(AU)

Low level laser therapy versus benzydamin in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis induced by anticancer treatments (clinical and biochemical study) / Terapia a laser de baixa intensidade versus benzidamina na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral induzida por terapia oncológica

Objective: In this study, patients undergoing neck and head radiotherapy (RT) with or with no chemotherapy were contrasted to the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) efficacy against benzydamine hydrochloride in treating and preventing oral mucositis (OM) (CHT). Material and Methods: This study included 90 individuals with neck and head cancer who were undergoing radiotherapy (RT) individually or in mixture with chemotherapy (CHT), varying in age from 18 to 80 years. Three equal groups were randomly formulated: Group, I patients were using oral care only, Group II patients were using benzydamine hydrochloride mouth rinse, and Group III patients were medicated by using low-level laser therapy. The National Institute of Cancer-Common Toxicity Criteria (NIC-CTC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) were used to rate the severity of OM, and the pain was validated utilizing a visual analog scale (VAS). The salivary level of tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF- α) was assayed. Results: As per WHO and NIC, the grade of oral mucositis at the end of cancer treatment was less in the LLLT group than in the other two groups. The alteration in TNF- α level was not significant. The laser group is more liable to have less salivary levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- α . Conclusion: The incidence of oral mucositis severity has seemed to be reduced due to the prophylactic use of benzydamine hydrochloride and laser therapy protocols. However, laser therapy was more efficient in controlling the shape and progression of OM (AU)

Objetivo: Neste estudo, pacientes submetidos à radioterapia (RT) da cabeça e pescoço com ou sem quimioterapia foram avaliados quanto à eficácia da terapia com laser de baixa potência (LLLT) versus o cloridrato de benzidamina no tratamento e prevenção da mucosite oral (MO) (CHT). Material e Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 90 indivíduos com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia (RT) individualmente ou em combinação com quimioterapia (QT), com idade variando de 18 a 80 anos. Três grupos iguais foram aleatoriamente formulados: os pacientes do Grupo I usaram apenas higiene bucal, os pacientes do Grupo II usaram bochechos com cloridrato de benzidamina e os pacientes do Grupo III foram medicados com terapia a laser de baixa intensidade. Foram utilizados os critérios do National Institute of Cancer-Common Toxicity Criteria (NIC-CTC) e da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para classificar a gravidade da OM, e a dor foi validada utilizando uma escala visual analógica (VAS). O nível salivar de fator necrótico tumoral-α (TNF-α) foi ensaiado. Resultados: De acordo com a OMS e NIC, o grau de mucosite oral ao final do tratamento do câncer foi menor no grupo LLLT do que nos outros dois grupos. A alteração no nível de TNF-α não foi significativa. O grupo com tratamento a laser apresentou menores níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias TNF-α na saliva. Conclusão: A gravidade da mucosite oral parece ser reduzida devido ao uso profilático de cloridrato de benzidamina e protocolos de laserterapia. No entanto, a laserterapia foi mais eficiente em controlar a forma e a progressão da MO. (AU)

Glaucoma e óleo de silicone / Glaucoma and silicone oils

RESUMO O óleo de silicone é um importante tampão utilizado na retinopexia cirúrgica de casos graves de descolamento de retina. O aumento da pressão intraocular e o desenvolvimento de glaucoma secundário são frequentes complicações da sua utilização. A depender do período de aparecimento, diversos mecanismos justificam a ocorrência de tais complicações. Compreender os fatores de riscos e a patogênese do aumento da pressão intraocular associada a aplicação de óleo de silicone em cirurgia retiniana ajuda a orientar o tratamento adequado para cada paciente. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar a literatura sobre a patogenia, a incidência, os fatores de risco e o tratamento desta condição clínica.

ABSTRACT Silicone oil has been an important intraocular tamponade in retinopexy in cases of complicated retinal detachment surgery. The increase of intraocular pressure and development of secondary glaucoma are a known complication of its use. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis, depending on the onset. This article aims to review the literature about pathogenesis, the incidence and risk factors, as well as the treatment of this pathology.

Validación de un simulador para el entrenamiento de la capsulotomía posterior láser en oftalmología / Validation of a simulator for teaching posterior capsulotomy with laser in ophthalmology

Introducción: La capsulotomía láser representa el único tratamiento efectivo para tratar la opacidad de cápsula posterior -causa más común de disminución de la visión después de una cirugía de catarata-. Este proceder es sencillo, pero no exento de complicaciones. Hasta ahora su aprendizaje se realiza directamente en los pacientes. El uso de simuladores permite el aprendizaje de la técnica sin dañar al paciente y sin la obligada presencia del profesor. Objetivo: Validar la confección de un modelo de ojo artificial como simulador para el entrenamiento de residentes de oftalmología en capsulotomía posterior con láser. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", realizado desde febrero hasta marzo de 2019. Se confeccionó un modelo que simula el ojo pseudofáquico con opacidad de cápsula posterior. Se eligieron ocho residentes de oftalmología de primer año que nunca habían realizado una capsulotomía láser. Todos observaron la ejecución de la capsulotomía en pacientes reales y en el modelo docente, mientras recibían la explicación de la técnica. Posteriormente, cada estudiante efectuó el proceder sobre el simulador en tres ocasiones, y se evaluó en cuanto al completamiento de la capsulotomía y los impactos al lente. Resultados: Se obtuvo un modelo de simulación para el entrenamiento de la capsulotomía posterior láser con el uso de materiales reusables. El promedio de disparos para completar el proceder fue superior al necesario en pacientes reales. No obstante, el número de disparos e impactos de láser en el lente intraocular se redujo con las sucesivas sesiones de entrenamiento. Conclusiones: El simulador confeccionado es económico y de fácil factura. Su uso resulta funcional para el entrenamiento sistemático de la capsulotomía posterior con Nd. YAG láser, sin riesgo de daño para el paciente. Contribuye a perfeccionar el enfoque y a minimizar los impactos en la lente intraocular, por lo que se muestra como un medio didáctico útil para la formación y evaluación de habilidades de los residentes de oftalmología(AU)

Introduction: Laser capsulotomy is the only effective treatment for posterior capsule opacity, the commonest cause of decreased vision after cataract surgery. This procedure is simple, but not without complications. Until now, learning such procedure has been carried out directly on patients. Using simulators allows learning the technique without harming patients and without the professor's obligatory presence. Objective: To validate the creation of an artificial eye model to be used as a simulator for the training of Ophthalmology residents in posterior capsulotomy with laser. Methods: Observational, descriptive and prospective study carried out, from February to March 2019, at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. A model was made that simulates the pseudophakic eye with posterior capsule opacity. Eight first-year Ophthalmology residents who had never performed a laser capsulotomy were selected. All the participants observed the performance of capsulotomy in real patients, as well as in the teaching model, while receiving the explanation regarding the technique. Subsequently, each student performed the procedure with the simulator on three occasions, and received an evaluation based on the completion of the capsulotomy and the impacts to the lens. Results: A simulation model was obtained for training posterior laser capsulotomy with the use of reusable materials. The average number of shots to complete the procedure was higher than necessary in real patients. However, the number of shots and laser impacts on the intraocular lens decreased with successive training sessions. Conclusions: The simulator created is cheap and easy to make. Its use is functional for the systematic training of posterior capsulotomy with neodymium. Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser did not have any risks to the patient. It contributes to perfecting the focus and minimizing the impacts on the intraocular lens; therefore, it is shown as a useful didactic means for the training and evaluation of skills of Ophthalmology residents(AU)