ABSTRACT
Com as universidades fechadas e a implementação do Ensino Remoto Emergencial, as atividades curriculares ocorreram através de plataformas digitais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a percepção de aprendizagem on-line na disciplina de Biomateriais da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense no período da pandemia. O questionário COLLES (Constructivist OnLine Learning Environment Survey) foi enviado individualmente por e-mail aos cinquenta alunos, apresentando 24 declarações divididas em seis quesitos: relevância, reflexão crítica, interatividade, apoio dos tutores, apoio entre os colegas e compreensão; e para cada declaração cinco opções de resposta: quase sempre, frequentemente, algumas vezes, raramente e quase nunca. Quarenta e um alunos responderam. A soma das médias obtidas em quase sempre e frequentemente foi de 87,2% para relevância, 70% para reflexão crítica, 33,9% para interatividade, 47,6% para apoio dos tutores, 44,2% para apoio dos colegas e 89,5% para compreensão. Concluiu-se que a relevância, a reflexão crítica e a compreensão apresentaram melhores resultados, enquanto a interatividade, o apoio entre os colegas e o apoio dos tutores demonstraram necessidade de aprimoramento. E apesar das limitações do ERE, a avaliação positiva dos alunos evidenciou esta modalidade de educação on-line como uma solução plausível.
With universities closed and the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching, curricular activities took place through digital platforms. The objective of this study was to assess the perception of online learning in the Biomaterials course at the Dental School of the Federal Fluminense University during the pandemic. The COLLES questionnaire (Constructivist OnLine Learning Environment Survey) was individually sent via email to fifty students, presenting 24 statements divided into six aspects: relevance, critical reflection, interactivity, tutor support, peer support, and comprehension. For each statement, there were five response options: almost always, often, sometimes, rarely, and almost never. Forty-one students responded. The sum of the averages obtained for almost always and often was 87.2% for relevance, 70% for critical reflection, 33.9% for interactivity, 47.6% for tutor support, 44.2% for peer support, and 89.5% for comprehension. It was concluded that relevance, critical reflection, and comprehension showed better results, while interactivity, peer support, and tutor support demonstrated a need for improvement. Despite the limitations of Emergency Remote Teaching, the positive evaluation from the students highlighted this mode of online education as a plausible solution.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Perception , Biocompatible Materials , Education, Distance , Education, Dental , Learning , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Background: The psychological approach can provide valuable insights into vaccination behaviour, especially in high-risk contexts. It offers new perspectives for effective interventions to improve vaccination behaviour. Aim: To investigate key factors influencing stress related to vaccination in emergency situations among healthcare professionals. Setting: Eastern region of Morocco. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study involving 221 healthcare professionals in the Eastern region of Morocco. A snowball sampling method was used to select the participants who were administered a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed with p < 0.05 being the level of statistical significance. Results: The participants had a median age of 25.5 years (3034.5) and were predominantly females (68.3%). Vaccination coverage stood at 84.6%, with a positive perception of 77.8%. The analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) revealed that 51.6% (n = 114) of healthcare professionals experienced stress towards vaccination. Females were almost two times more susceptible to experiencing vaccination stress (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the analysis showed that vaccination profile (p = 0.02), accepting the vaccine for any reason other than its accessibility (p = 0.03) and having a previous coronavirus disease 2019 infection (p = 0.03), were significantly associated with stress. In contrast, healthcare professionals based at the university hospital had a significantly lower stress level (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Moroccan healthcare professionals exhibited high vaccine acceptance and positive perceptions, particularly among vaccinated individuals despite notable stress around immunisation. Contribution: These insights can guide governments and policymakers in developing strategies to enhance healthcare workers' awareness and understanding of vaccination.
Subject(s)
Perception , Awareness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care , Emergencies , Vaccination Coverage , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Introdução: A exposição a níveis de pressão sonora elevados é um problema da sociedade moderna, especialmente na população infantil. Objetivo: Analisar as características associadas à percepção de familiares quanto à importância do Selo Ruído do Inmetro para brinquedos infantis. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de delineamento transversal, com amostragem não probabilística, por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário respondido por pais e/ou responsáveis de crianças entre zero e cinco anos. Resultados: A maior prevalência de indivíduos que conheciam a importância do Selo Ruído do Inmetro foi entre os responsáveis (66,7%), pessoas do gênero masculino (36,4%), entre 18 a 29 anos de idade (37,5%), de cor/raça preta (60,0%) e com até um filho (29,2%). A característica considerada ao comprar um brinquedo, que foi mais referida pelos participantes, foi a habilidade que o brinquedo estimula (92,3%). Houve maior conhecimento da importância do Selo Ruído entre aqueles que: consideravam a saúde auditiva da criança na compra do brinquedo (46,2%), consideravam a certificação do Inmetro na compra do brinquedo (41,7%), sabiam o que era perda auditiva (29,2%), os filhos brincavam com brinquedos sonoros de três a quatro dias por semana (40%) e que não compram brinquedos sem o selo (31,8%). O volume referido dos brinquedos obteve mediana de cinco pontos, variando de um a 10. Conclusão: Os familiares que conheciam a importância do Selo Ruído do Inmetro levaram em consideração a saúde auditiva da criança e a certificação do Inmetro na compra de um brinquedo quando comparado aos demais. (AU)
Introduction: Exposure to high sound pressure levels is a problem in modern society, especially among children. Purpose: To analyze the characteristics associated with family members' perception of the importance of the Inmetro Noise Seal for children's toys. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire answered by parents and/or guardians of children between zero and five years of age. Results: The highest prevalence of individuals who knew the importance of the Inmetro Noise Seal was among guardians (66.7%), males (36.4%), aged 18 to 29 (37.5%), black (60.0%) and with up to one child (29.2%). The characteristic considered when buying a toy, which was most mentioned by participants, was the skill that the toy stimulates (92.3%). There was greater awareness of the importance of the Noise Seal among those who: considered the child's hearing health when purchasing a toy (46.2%), considered Inmetro certification when purchasing a toy (41.7%), knew what hearing loss was (29.2%), had their children playing with noise-producing toys three to four days a week (40%) and did not buy toys without the seal (31.8%). The reported volume of toys obtained a median of five points, ranging from one to 10. Conclusion: Family members who knew the importance of the Inmetro Noise Seal took into account the child's hearing health and Inmetro certification when purchasing a toy, when compared to others. (AU)
Introducción: La exposición a altos niveles de presión sonora es un problema en la sociedad moderna, especialmente entre los niños. Objetivo: Analizar las características asociadas a la percepción de los familiares sobre la importancia del Sello de Ruido Inmetro para los juguetes de los niños. Métodos:Estudio descriptivo con diseño transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionario respondido por padres y/o tutores de niños entre cero y cinco años. Resultados: La mayor prevalencia de individuos que conocían la importancia del Sello de Ruido del Inmetro se presentó entre los responsables (66,7%), personas del sexo masculino (36,4%), entre 18 y 29 años (37,5%), de color/raza negra (60,0%) y con hasta un hijo (29,2%). La característica considerada a la hora de comprar un juguete fue la habilidad que estimula (92,3%). Hubo mayor conciencia sobre la importancia del Sello de Ruido entre quienes: consideraron la salud auditiva del niño al comprar el juguete (46,2%), la certificación del Inmetro al comprar el juguete (41,7%), sabían qué pérdida era la audición (29,2%), los niños jugaban con juguetes sonoros tres o cuatro días a la semana (40%) y no compraban juguetes sin sello (31,8%). El volumen reportado de los juguetes tuvo una mediana de cinco puntos, que van del uno al 10. Conclusión: Los familiares que conocían la importancia del Sello de Ruido de Inmetro tomaron en cuenta la salud auditiva del niño y la certificación de Inmetro al comprar un juguete en comparación con los demás. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Parents , Play and Playthings , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced , Perception , Cross-Sectional Studies , Consumer Product Safety , Noise/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A erupção dentária é definida como a movimentação dos dentes em desenvolvimento para emergir através dos tecidos moles da maxila e da mandíbula. O primeiro dente decíduo geralmente irrompe na cavidade bucal em um intervalo entre quatro e dez meses de idade e manifestações locais e sistêmicas associadas à erupção são observadas e relatadas por pais de bebês que passam pelo processo. Deste modo, este trabalho busca revisar e analisar a literatura em relação à percepção dos pais sobre os sinais e sintomas observados durante o processo de erupção dentária em bebês. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, buscando por artigos indexados nas bases eletrônicas de dados PubMed e Portal BVS. Ao final, foram selecionados 16 artigos científicos, sendo em sua maioria estudos com delineamento transversal (n: 11). Apenas dois estudos foram realizados no Brasil, sendo a Índia (n: 4) o país com maior número de artigos incluídos. Os sinais e sintomas mais relatados pelos pais foram febre (n: 16), perda de apetite (n: 13) e aumento da salivação (n: 12). Os estudos analisados apresentaram limitações, como a falta de padronização dos questionários direcionados aos pais. Compreende-se, desta forma, que mais estudos com populações variadas, amostras maiores e questionários padronizados são necessários.
Dental eruption is defined as the movement of developing teeth to emerge through the soft tissues of the maxilla and mandible. The first deciduous tooth usually erupts into the oral cavity between the fourth and tenth month of age. During this time, local and systemic manifestations are observed and reported by parents of babies who undergo the process. Thus, this stud seeks to review and analyze the literature regarding the perception of parents about the signs and symptoms observed during the process of tooth eruption in babies. An integrative literature review was performed, searching for articles indexed in PubMed and Portal BVS electronic databases. Sixteen papers were selected, mostly of which were cross-sectional studies (n: 11). Only two studies were carried out in Brazil, with India (n: 4) being the country with the highest number of articles included. The most reported signs and symptoms were fever (n: 16), loss of appetite (n: 13) and increased salivation (n: 12). The analyzed studies had limitations, such as the lack of standardization of the questionnaires addressed to parents. We conclude more studies with varied populations, larger samples and standardized questionnaires are needed.
Subject(s)
Parents , Perception , Signs and Symptoms , Tooth, Deciduous , Tooth EruptionABSTRACT
Introducción. El descenso de las coberturas de vacunación fue muy significativo en la última década. Los pediatras son una pieza fundamental para recuperar coberturas y aumentar la confianza en la vacunación. Objetivos. Describir la percepción de los pediatras acerca del conocimiento y prácticas sobre vacunas, e identificar barreras en el acceso. Métodos. Estudio analítico observacional, mediante encuesta en línea. Se incluyeron variables del perfil del profesional, capacitación y barreras en inmunizaciones. Resultados. Participaron 1696 pediatras (tasa de respuesta: 10,7 %), media de 50,4 años. El 78,7 % fueron mujeres. El 78,2 % contaba con ≥10 años de ejercicio profesional. El 78,4 % realizaba atención ambulatoria y el 56,0 % en el subsector privado. El 72,5 % realizó una capacitación en los últimos 2 años. Se manifestaron "capacitados" para transmitir a sus pacientes los beneficios de las vacunas: 97,2 %; objetivos de campañas: 87,7 %; contraindicaciones: 82,4 %; efectos adversos: 78,9 %; recupero de esquemas: 71,2 %; notificación de ESAVI: 59,5 %. La proporción fue estadísticamente superior, en todos los aspectos, en pediatras con ≥10 años de ejercicio y en aquellos con capacitación reciente (p ≤ 0,01). Barreras identificadas en el acceso a la vacunación: falsas contraindicaciones (62,3 %); falta temporaria de vacunas (46,4 %); motivos culturales (41,4 %); horario restringido del vacunatorio (40,6 %). Conclusiones. La percepción del grado de capacitación fue variable según el aspecto de la vacunación. Aquellos con mayor tiempo de ejercicio profesional y con actualización reciente se manifestaron con mayor grado de capacidad. Se identificaron múltiples barreras frecuentes asociadas al acceso en la vacunación.
Introduction. The decline in vaccination coverage has been very significant in the past decade. Pediatriciansplay a key role in catching-up coverage and increasing confidence in vaccination. Objectives. To describe pediatricians' perceptions of vaccine knowledge and practices and to identify barriers to access. Methods. Observational, analytical study using an online survey. Variables related to professional profile, training and barriers to vaccination were included. Results. A total of 1696 pediatricians participated (response rate: 10.7%). Their mean age was 50.4 years; 78.7% were women; 78.2% had ≥ 10 years of experience; 78.4% provided outpatient care and 56.0%, in the private subsector; and 72.5% received training in the past 2 years. Respondents described themselves as "trained" in convey the following aspects to their patients: benefits of vaccines: 97.2%; campaign objectives: 87.7%; contraindications: 82.4%; adverse effects: 78.9%; catchup vaccination: 71.2%; reporting of events supposedly attributable to vaccination or immunization: 59.5%. The proportion was statistically higher in all aspects, among pediatricians with ≥ 10 years of experience and those who received training recently (p ≤ 0.01). The barriers identified in access to vaccination were false contraindications (62.3%), temporary vaccine shortage (46.4%), cultural reasons (41.4%), and restricted vaccination center hours (40.6%). Conclusions. The perception of the level of training varied depending on the vaccination-related aspect. Pediatricians with more years of professional experience and those who received recent updates perceivedthemselves as more trained. Multiple barriers associated with access to vaccination were identified.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Vaccines , Vaccination , Perception , Argentina , Surveys and Questionnaires , PediatriciansABSTRACT
O presente artigo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cujo principal objetivo é discutir quais são as percepções dos idosos que estão em tratamento hemodialítico sobre a hemodiálise, descritos na literatura científica. Foram realizadas buscas nas plataformas digitais Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), por meio da consulta à Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS); Medical Literature Analysisand Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), acessada por meio do portal PubMed; Web of Science; e também na Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), acessada por meio do Ebsco host. Posteriormente foi realizada a busca reversa tomando como referências os estudos primários incluídos na pesquisa após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade. Foram considerados como descritores Aged, "Aged, 80 and over", "Health of the Elderly", "Self Concept", "Aging Process", Perception, "Social Representations", "Renal Dialysis", e Hemodialysis. Dos 16 artigos localizados,após minuciosa avaliação, apenas 08 foram incluídos na composição desse estudo. Em síntese, é notável que o meio no qual o indivíduo está inserido influencia de modo considerável a percepção do mesmo sobre o processo dialítico. Para os idosos, os aspectos positivos do tratamento estão ligados ao conceito de continuidade, alívio de sintomas e sensação de prolongamento da vida. Para os indivíduos que ressaltam os pontos negativos com maior ênfase, a hemodiálise é um processo doloroso, físico e emocionalmente, limitando-os e exercendo uma carga negativa sobre o sentido do processo. Evidenciar as interpretações salienta a importância do olhar do idoso sobre suas próprias questões, validando-o.(AU)
This article is an integrative literature review, whose main objective is to discuss what are the perceptions of the elderly who are on hemodialysis about hemodialysis, described in the scientific literature. Searches were carried out on the digital platforms Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), by consulting the Virtual Health Library (VHL); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), accessed through the PubMed portal; Web of Science; and also in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), accessed through Ebsco host. Subsequently, a reverse search was performed using the primary studies included in the research as references after applying the eligibility criteria. Aged, "Aged, 80 and over", "Health of the Elderly", "Self Concept", "Aging Process", Perception, "Social Representations", "Renal Dialysis", and Hemodialysis were considered as descriptors. Of the 16 articles located, after thorough evaluation, only 08 were included in the composition of this study. In summary, it is notable that the environment in which the individual is inserted considerably influences his perception of the dialysis process. For the elderly, the positive aspects of the treatment are linked to the concept of continuity, relief of symptoms and a feeling of prolonging life. For individuals who emphasize the negative points with greater emphasis, hemodialysis is a painful process, physically and emotionally, limiting them and exerting a negative burden on the meaning of the processEvidencing the interpretations emphasizes the importance of the elderly's view of their own issues, validating it.(AU)
Subject(s)
Perception , Aged, 80 and overABSTRACT
Neste trabalho, examinamos os passos que conduzem Husserl, na obra Ideias I, a tratar do modo de doação dos objetos espaciais para a consciência, especialmente no intervalo que compreende os parágrafos §41 e §44. Interessa-nos acompanhar e examinar a formulação do que chamamos de "perspectivismo" perceptivo, consistindo na teorização de que o aparecer dos objetos perceptivos é marcado pela apresentação por perfis (Abschattungen). O perspectivismo da percepção aparece sob diversas facetas no percurso da obra. Nossa investigação se dedica a dois momentos importantes de alusão ao perspectivismo perceptivo: na caracterização do índice existencial da realidade como estando "simplesmente aí" na atitude natural e na descrição da unilateralidade do objeto em oposição ao ser absoluto da consciência.
In this work, we examine the steps that lead Husserl, in Ideas I, to deal with the mode of donation of space objects to consciousness, especially on the paragraphs §41 and §44. We are interested in accompanying and examining the formulation of what we call "perceptual perspectivism", consisting in the theorization that the appearance of perceptual objects is marked by the presentation by profiles (Abschattungen). The perspectivism of perception appears in various facets throughout the work. Our investigation is dedicated to two important moments of allusion to perceptual perspectivism: in the characterization of the existential index of reality as being "simply there" in the natural attitude and in the description of the unilaterality of the object as opposed to the absolute being of consciousness.
Subject(s)
Perception , PhilosophyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou investigar a percepção acerca da pandemia de COVID-19 e suas repercussões no cotidiano de mulheres, bem como identificar os principais elementos desencadeadores de sofrimento psicológico. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas entrevistas virtuais a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado, entre maio e agosto de 2020, contando com 55 mulheres. A duração média das entrevistas foi de 20 minutos, as quais foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, com autorização das participantes. As perguntas abordavam questões relativas à saúde mental e à crise de Covid-19. O conteúdo foi analisado por meio do software IRAMUTEQ e método da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD). Os princípios éticos foram observados rigorosamente, incluindo confidencialidade dos dados e aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética. RESULTADOS: Os resultados constituíram um dendrograma com dois eixos: Impactos no cotidiano e Vida após a crise. Quatro classes de conteúdo ilustraram as principais preocupações com os desdobramentos da pandemia, sendo que cada classe se referiu a um aspecto da pandemia, a saber: Nova rotina (27,1%), Futuro imaginado (23,1%), Impacto socioeconômico inicial (23,9%) e Temor do contágio (25,9%). CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Por fim, constatou-se que as mudanças advindas da Covid-19 desencadearam sofrimento psicológico. Sugere-se que sejam realizados novos estudos acerca das repercussões da pandemia uma vez que esse cenário requer cuidado continuado, especialmente no pós-pandemia.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate perceptions of the Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on the daily lives of women, as well as to identify key triggers of psychological distress. METHOD: Virtual interviews were conducted using a semistructured guide from May to August 2020, with the participation of 55 women. The average interview duration was 20 minutes; all were recorded and fully transcribed with participants' consent. The questions addressed issues related to mental health and the COVID-19 crisis. Content analysis was performed using IRAMUTEQ software and the Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC) method. Ethical principles were rigorously followed, including data confidentiality and approval from the Ethics Committee. RESULTS: The findings produced a dendrogram with two main axes: Daily Life Impacts and Life After the Crisis. Four content classes illustrated the main concerns about the pandemic's effects, with each class referring to an aspect of the pandemic, namely: New Routine (27.1%), Imagined Future (23.1%), Initial Socioeconomic Impact (23.9%), and Fear of Contagion (25.9%). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Finally, it was observed that changes resulting from Covid-19 triggered psychological distress. Further studies on the pandemic's repercussions are recommended, as this scenario requires ongoing attention, especially in the post-pandemic period.
OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la percepción sobre la pandemia de Covid-19 y sus repercusiones en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres, así como identificar los principales desencadenantes de sufrimiento psicológico. MÉTODO: Se realizaron entrevistas virtuales mediante un guion semiestructurado entre mayo y agosto de 2020, con la participación de 55 mujeres. La duración media de las entrevistas fue de 20 minutos, todas fueron grabadas y transcritas íntegramente con el consentimiento de las participantes. Las preguntas abordaban temas relacionados con la salud mental y la crisis de COVID-19. El contenido fue analizado utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ y el método de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente (CJD). Se observaron rigurosamente los principios éticos, incluida la confidencialidad de los datos y la aprobación del Comité de Ética. RESULTADOS: Los resultados produjeron un dendrograma con dos ejes principales: Impactos en la vida cotidiana y Vida después de la crisis. Cuatro clases de contenido ilustraron las principales preocupaciones sobre los efectos de la pandemia, refiriéndose cada clase a un aspecto de la pandemia, a saber: Nueva rutina (27,1%), Futuro imaginado (23,1%), Impacto socioeconómico inicial (23,9%) y Temor al contagio (25,9%). CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Finalmente, se observó que los cambios derivados de Covid-19 desencadenaron sufrimiento psicológico. Se sugiere realizar nuevos estudios sobre las repercusiones de la pandemia, ya que este escenario requiere atención continua, especialmente en el período pospandemia.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Perception , WomenABSTRACT
O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a inclusão dos discentes surdos na Universidade Federal de Rondônia, na perspectiva dos tradutores/intérpretes de Libras. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como observacional, de natureza qualitativa e com recorte transversal. Participaram oito tradutores/intérpretes de Libras. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário eletrônico do Google Forms. Os resultados revelaram que a falta de preparo/qualificação dos docentes e servidores para atuar com esse público é apontada como uma importante barreira, sendo a comunicação o pior problema. Atividades práticas são mais bem acompanhadas e as atividades teóricas revelam-se desafiadoras, especialmente por conta da tradução/interpretação de determinados termos específicos de cada área (AU).
This research aimed to analyze the inclusion of deaf stu-dents at the Federal University of Rondônia, from the perspective of Libras translators/interpreters. The research was characterized as observational, qualitative, and with a cross-sectional approach. Eight Libras translators/interpreters participated. Data were col-lected using an electronic Google Forms questionnaire. The results revealed that the lack of preparation/qualification of teachers and employees to work with this public is an important barrier, with communication being the worst problem. Practical activities are better monitored, and theoretical activities are challenging, espe-cially due to the translation/interpretation of certain terms specific to each area (AU).
El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la inclusión de estudiantes sordos en la Universidad Federal de Rondônia, desde la perspectiva de los traductores/intérpretes de Libras. La investigación se caracterizó por ser de carácter observacional, cualitativa y con enfoque transversal. Participaron ocho traductores/intérpretes Libras. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario electrónico de Google Forms. Los resultados revelaron que la falta de preparación/calificación de docentes y empleados para trabajar con este público se identifica como una barrera importante, siendo la comunicación el peor problema. Las actividades prácticas están mejor supervisadas y las actividades teóricas resultan desafiantes, especialmente debido a la traducción/interpretación de ciertos términos específicos de cada área (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Physical Education and Training , Sign Language , Students , Communication , Persons With Hearing Impairments , Faculty , PerceptionABSTRACT
Objective: to identify factors associated to sedentary behavior and physical inactivity in individuals with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) non-infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify possible favorable conditions during social isolation in individuals who performed pulmonary rehabilitation in the pre-pandemic period. Method: time/day in sedentary activities and moderate/vigorous physical activities (SA and MVPA, respectively), history of previous rehabilitation, laboural activity, symptoms, insecurity and quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) were assessed during strict social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals were classified as sedentary if presenting time/day in SA >8.5 h/day and physically inactive if presenting time/day in MVPA <150 min/week. Result: The sample consisted of 33 individuals (69±7 years; 20 male). Regarding the SF-36, non-sedentary individuals presented better functional capacity than sedentary individuals (65 [38-73] vs. 33 [20-63] points; p=0.01) whereas physically active individuals presented better physical and social function than physically inactive individuals (100 [100-100] vs. 50 [25-100] points, p=0.049; and 100 [100-100] vs. 75 [69-100] points, p=0.022, respectively). Having a professional activity and working outside were associated with non-sedentary behavior (X2=5.93; p=0.025 and X2=7.03; p=0.009, respectively). Having undergone rehabilitation previously to the pandemic was associated with less insecurity to walk outside (X2=4.95; p=0.034) and better perception of symptoms' worsening (X2=5.46; p=0.033). Conclusion: non-sedentarism was associated with functional capacity and laboural activity; active lifestyle was associated with physical and social function; and previous rehabilitation was associated with better symptoms' recognition and less insecurity
Objetivo: identificar fatores associados ao comportamento sedentário e inatividade física em indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) estável não-infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2 durante o isolamento social causado pela pandemia de COVID-19, e identificar eventuais condições favoráveis durante o isolamento social em indivíduos que realizaram reabilitação pulmonar pré-pandemia. Método: tempo/dia em atividades sedentárias e em atividades físicas moderadas/vigorosas (AS e AFMV, respectivamente), reabilitação prévia, atividade laboral, sintomas, insegurança e qualidade de vida (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) foram avaliados durante a vigência de isolamento social devido à pandemia de COVID-19. Foram considerados sedentários aqueles que apresentassem tempo/dia em AS >8,5 h/dia e fisicamente inativos os que apresentassem tempo/dia em AFMV <150 min/semana. Resultado: a amostra consistiu em 33 indivíduos (69±7 anos; 20 homens). Pelo SF-36, indivíduos não-sedentários apresentaram melhor capacidade funcional do que sedentários (65 [38-73] vs. 33 [20-63] pontos; p=0,01) enquanto indivíduos fisicamente ativos apresentaram melhor função física e social do que os fisicamente inativos (100 [100-100] vs. 50 [25-100] pontos, p=0,049; e 100 [100-100] vs. 75 [69-100] pontos, p=0,022, respectivamente). Ter atividade profissional e trabalhar fora de casa associou-se com comportamento não-sedentário (X2=5,93; p=0,025 e X2=7,03; p=0,009, respectivamente). Ter participado de reabilitação pulmonar pré-pandemia associou-se com menos insegurança para caminhar em lugares públicos (X2=4,95; p=0,034) e melhor percepção de piora dos sintomas respiratórios (X2=5,46; p=0,033). Conclusão: não-sedentarismo associou-se com capacidade funcional e atividade laboral; ser fisicamente ativo associou-se com função física e social; e ter realizado reabilitação prévia com menos insegurança e melhor percepção dos sintomas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Sedentary Behavior , Pandemics , Life Style , Perception , Quality of Life , Rehabilitation , Signs and Symptoms , Social Isolation , Time , World Health Organization , Behavior , Exercise , Disease , Health Surveys , Functional Status , SARS-CoV-2 , Men , MethodsABSTRACT
Introducción: La pandemia por SARS-CoV2 ha significado millones de contagiados y fallecidos a nivel mundial. Esta situación epidemiológica ha implicado un profundo cambio en distintos niveles del quehacer diario. En medicina, ha afectado la práctica médica y docencia. Transversalmente, los programas de residencia han tenido que migrar a la modalidad online de docencia para la continuidad de la educación. Objetivo: Exponer la opinión de los residentes de la SOCHIORL respecto de las modificaciones que han tenido sus distintos programas de especialidad, con el uso de herramientas online de docencia. Material y Método: Estudio transversal con encuestas anónimas, online mediante la plataforma Google forms®; enviada a residentes de los distintos programas de especialidad pertenecientes a la SOCHIORL, entre los años 2018-2021. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 51 respuestas. El 92% refiere transición a actividades online. El 96% ha participado en evaluaciones en línea y 94% en reuniones clínicas, tan solo un 9,8% de teleconsulta. Las plataformas Zoom (98%) y Google Meet (51%) han sido las más utilizadas. Las reuniones clínicas y pruebas/evaluaciones fueron las actividades mejor valoradas; y la peor evaluada teleconsulta. Problemas con el horario (extensión o fuera de horario) y técnicos (conexión inestable, problemas de audio, cámaras) fueron los principales obstáculos. 71,4% refiere sobrecarga respecto a actividades online. El 88% estima más beneficiosa la modalidad mixta de formación. Conclusión: Las herramientas online han sido útiles para continuar con los programas de especialidad durante la pandemia. Probablemente sería beneficioso mantener modalidad mixta para las actividades mejor valoradas, incluso posterior a la pandemia.
Introduction: The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has meant millions of infected and deceased worldwide. This epidemiological situation has resulted in a profound change at different levels of daily basis. In medicine, it has affected clinical practice and teaching activities. In many cases, residency programs have had to transition to online teaching modalities for the continuity of education. Objective: Present the opinion of SOCHIORL residents regarding the modifications that their different specialty programs have had, with the use of online teaching tools. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study with online surveys using the Google forms® platform; sent to residents of the different specialty programs belonging to SOCHIORL, between the years 2018-2021. Results: 51 responses were obtained. 92% refer to transition to online activities. 96% have participated in online evaluations and 94% in clinical meetings, only 9.8% refer teleconsultations. The platforms Zoom (98%) and Google Meet (51%) have been the most used. Clinical meetings and tests/assessments were the best valued activities; and teleconsultation being the worst evaluated. Problems with the schedule (extension or after hours) and technical problems (unstable connection, audio problems, cameras) were the main obstacles. 71.4% referred overload regarding online activities. Mixed modality of training was considered more beneficial by 88% of respondents. Conclusion: Online tools have been useful to continue specialty programs teaching during the pandemic. It would probably be beneficial to maintain a mixed modality for the most valued activities, even after the pandemic.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Otolaryngology/education , Education, Distance/methods , COVID-19 , Perception , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , PandemicsABSTRACT
Introducción: La educación sexual es uno de los pilares básicos del desarrollo humano por cuanto potencia la autonomía de las personas y el desarrollo de una sexualidad plena. Objetivo: Este estudio buscó describir la percepción respecto a la educación sexual de adolescentes de dos establecimientos educacionales de Talcahuano, Chile. Método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal de carácter descriptivo con 309 estudiantes de dos colegios ubicados en la Comuna de Talcahuano, región del Bío-Bío, Chile. Se aplicó de forma presencial un cuestionario de autorreporte. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software IBM Statistics SPSS v.22. Resultados: El 61,8% reportó recibir educación sexual en su establecimiento y casi la totalidad consideró necesario aprender sobre ello. Un 52,7% refirió que sus establecimientos generaban instancias para hablar de sexualidad. En relación con las temáticas que deberían ser incluidas en la educación sexual, «Valores, respeto, ética», «Anticonceptivos y prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual» y «Amor y afectividad» fueron las más preferidas. Conclusión: Pese a la existencia de instancias de educación sexual en los establecimientos educacionales y a la transversal opinión de que es necesario aprender sobre este tema, existe una baja percepción respecto a su suficiencia.
Introduction: Sex education is one of the basic pillars of human development because it enhances people's autonomy and the development of full sexuality. Objective: This study sought to describe the perception regarding sex education of adolescents from two educational establishments in Talcahuano, Chile. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 309 students from two schools located in the Talcahuano Commune, Bío-Bío region, Chile. A self-report questionnaire was applied in person. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistics SPSS v.22 software. Results: 61.8% reported receiving sex education in their establishment and almost all considered it necessary to learn about it. 52.7% reported that their establishments generated instances to talk about sexuality. In relation to the topics that should be included in sex education, "Values, respect, ethics", "Contraceptives and prevention of sexually transmitted infections" and "Love and affectivity" were the most preferred. Conclusion: Despite the existence of instances of sex education in educational establishments, and the transversal opinion that it is necessary to learn about this subject, there is a low perception regarding its adequacy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Perception , Psychology, Adolescent , Sexual Behavior , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adolescent Behavior , Contraception Behavior , Self ReportABSTRACT
O atendimento odontológico a pacientes com necessidades especiais (PNE) requer uma abordagem diferenciada para garantir o acolhimento e a prestação de tratamento efetivo e qualificado. No entanto, a capacitação de profissionais capazes de reconhecer as necessidades de uma comunidade, considerando as particularidades de seus pacientes, é um desafio notável enfrentado pelas instituições de ensino superior. A literatura destaca a importância dos conteúdos curriculares de Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais (OPNE) durante a graduação, contribuindo significativamente para o conhecimento futuro do profissional. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção de alunos egressos em relação à atuação profissional no atendimento odontológico a PNE,investigando possíveis diferenças entre aqueles que participaram de atividades extensionistas nesta temática durante a graduação e os que não tiveram essa vivência. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando um questionário onlineaplicado a alunos egressos entre 2012 e 2019, com uma taxa de resposta de 58,8% (n=391). Os resultados indicaram que 31,7% (n=124) dos participantes se envolveram neste projeto de extensão, evidenciando associação positiva entre essa experiência e a percepção de preparo para o atendimento a PNE após a formatura. Enquanto 76,2% dos não participantes discordaram sobre se sentirem preparados, apenas 21,3% dos participantes do projeto discordaram que suas experiências durante a graduação não foram suficientes.Além disso, 89,9% dos não participantes discordaram que suas experiências educacionais ajudaram na interação com PNE. Concluiu-se que o projeto de extensão foi eficazem fornecer percepções positivas aos egressos participantes, preparando-os adequadamente para esses atendimentos em suas práticas clínicas após formados (AU).
La atención odontológica a pacientes con necesidades especiales (PNE) requiere un enfoque diferente para garantizar la acogida y la prestación de un tratamiento eficaz y cualificado. Sin embargo, formar profesionales capaces de reconocer las necesidades deuna comunidad, considerando las particularidades de sus pacientes, es un desafío notable que enfrentan las instituciones de educación superior. La literatura destaca la importancia de los contenidos curriculares de Odontología para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales (OPNE) durante la graduación, contribuyendo significativamente al conocimiento futuro del profesional. La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes egresados en relación al desempeño profesional en la atención odontológica de las PNE, investigando posibles diferencias entre quienes participaron en actividades de extensión durante la graduación y quienes no tuvieron esa experiencia. Se trata de un estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, mediante un cuestionario en línea administrado a estudiantes egresados entre 2012 y 2019, con una tasa de respuesta del 58,8% (n=391). Los resultados indicaron que el 31,7% (n=124) de los participantes estaban involucrados en proyectos de extensión, mostrando una asociación positiva entre esta experiencia y la percepción de preparación para la atención del PNE después de la graduación. Mientras que el 76,2% de los no participantes no estuvo de acuerdo con sentirse preparado, sólo el 21,3% de los participantes en el proyecto no estuvo de acuerdo con que sus experiencias durantela graduación no fueron suficientes. Además, el 89,9% de los no participantes no estuvo de acuerdo con que sus experiencias educativas ayudaran a interactuar con las PNE. Se concluyó que el proyecto de extensión fue efectivo para brindar percepciones positivas a los egresados participantes, preparándolos adecuadamente para estos servicios en sus prácticas clínicas después de su graduación (AU).
Dental care for patients with special needs (PSN) requires a differentiated approach to ensure the provision of effective and qualified treatment. However, training professionals capable of recognizing the needs of a community, considering the particularities of patients, is a notable challenge faced by higher education institutions. The literature highlights the importance of curricular content in Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs (DPSN) during undergraduate studies, significantly contributing to the future knowledge of professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of former students regarding the professional performance in dental care for PSN, investigating possible differences between those who participated in extension activities on this topic during undergraduate studies and those who did not have this experience. This is a cross-sectional study with quantitative approach, using an online questionnaire applied to students who graduated between 2012 and 2019, with response rate of 58.8% (n=391). The results indicated that 31.7% (n=124) of participants got involved in this extension project, evidencing a positive association between this experience and the perception of preparedness to provide care for PSNs after graduation. While 76.2% of non-participants disagreed about feeling prepared, only 21.3% of project participants disagreed that their experiences during graduation were not sufficient. In addition, 89.9% of non-participants disagreed that their educational experiences helped in providing care forPSNs. It could be concluded that the extension project was effective in providing positive perceptions to participants, adequately preparing them for these services in their clinical practices after graduation (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Dental Care , Disabled Persons , Dentists , Perception , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
Background@#The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic has affected education systems worldwide. The disruption in education systems has impacted over 90% of the student population of the world (UNESCO, 2020). Electronic learning (e‑learning), a form of teaching which involves electronic equipment and tools permits interaction between people involved in the education process. An example of which is the webinars. Webinars allow large groups of participants to engage in online discussions or training events and share audio, documents, or slides.@*Objective@#We aim to assess the perception of resident physicians on the use of webinars to support learning during COVID‑19.@*Methodology@#This is a cross-sectional study. An adequately powered paper survey was conducted among 123 resident physicians of St. Luke’s Medical Center Global City. A 5‑point Likert Scale was used for each of the questions in the questionnaire patterned after that of Nagar (2020). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Majority of the respondents gave favorable answers to questions on pace of learning/ flexibility (91.5%), cost (95.1%), convenience and comfort (95.1%), motivation (76.1%), ease of access (96.1%), visual perception (87.5%), visual difficulty (79.9%), audio perception (83.7%), Internet connection (61.8%), and navigation (83.7%), while Internet connection (28.5%) was seen with the highest disagreement.@*Conclusion@#Our data support the acceptability of webinars among resident physicians in a tertiary private hospital as an alternative learning tool in this COVID‑19 era where face‑to‑face interaction or traditional learning is less likely to be employed.@*Recommendations@#We recommend future studies that can focus on the efficacy of the webinars in the improvement of knowledge and practice of medicine by doing pre- and posttests. We also recommend doing a similar study in government hospitals where facilities may not be on par with private hospitals.
Subject(s)
Perception , PhysiciansABSTRACT
@#The increase in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Philippines has created an alarming issue in high-density public places, such as schools and universities. Personal preventive behaviors that the students exercise play a big part in whether such behaviors prevent or only predispose them even more to contracting the virus. Several factors may influence the personal preventive behaviors of an individual. These include attitude, awareness, personal beliefs, and culture concerning the disease. Through outlining these several factors, the researchers aim to identify the main attributes that determine students’ preferred COVID-19 personal preventive behavior and implemented precautionary measures. The researchers used a two-part survey: socioeconomic and demographic followed by an orthogonal plan. The safety protocols implemented by the university were found to be the most important factor, followed by knowledge about the disease, communication channels, attitude, and social construct of the family. Thus, this follows that based on the attribute’s importance value, the students prefer safety protocols that are most implemented by the university while social construct of the family is the least preferred. These findings suggest that the safety protocols implemented by the university are the most important factor, hence, policy implementation and strengthening should be observed by the university.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Knowledge , Perception , AttitudeABSTRACT
Objectives@#Perception about Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine provides information about awareness on identifying disabilities and managing their impact on activities of daily living; however, misconceptions about the field continue to exist among both students and physicians. This study aims to describe the perceptions of clinical clerks and interns towards the practice and role of Rehabilitation Medicine in management of patients. @*Methods@#This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Students from the Learning Unit 6 and 7 of UP College of Medicine answered adapted online survey forms from a previous study and participated in online focus group discussions. Qualitative data were used to infer the perception of medical students towards the specialty. The effect of the respondent’s profile, background and affiliation on their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. @*Results@#Learning Unit 6 and 7 students were found to have a perceived broad level of knowledge with regards the specialty. The students associated the specialty with focus on holistic care, quality of life, interdisciplinary collaboration, and diversity of cases managed. No statistically significant differences were found between the perception among: 1) Learning Unit 6 and 7, 2) those with or without a previous encounter with the specialty, 3) allied medical and non-allied medical undergraduate courses in terms of: a) confidence in the knowledge (p = 0.489), b) familiarity with conditions managed (p = 0.93) and c) interest towards the specialty (p = 0.693). The Organ System Integrated (OSI) curriculum, which promotes horizontal and vertical integration of concepts, provided a wide understanding of the basic concepts related to physiatry. The students’ responses suggest a positive attitude towards Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, as measured in their level of interest about knowing more regarding the specialty. Most common perceptions were that the specialty was multidisciplinary and holistic. However, the respondents’ perceptions regarding the roles of the Rehabilitation team were limited. @*Conclusion@#Learning unit level 6 and 7 students had a broad understanding of the practice and scope of the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine specialty. Future researches can include other medical students in all year levels, including Learning Units 3, 4 and 5 of UPCM, to observe the development of their perceptions about the specialty throughout medical school.
Subject(s)
Perception , Students, Medical , CurriculumABSTRACT
Addictive behaviors related to Internet are becoming more common and this tool has been essential once it enables home office, entertainment, homeschooling, and easy access to information. Despite the easiness brought by technology, the exaggerated use has affected users in different ways, including in the development of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess internet addiction, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention, impulsivity, and stress in 48 adolescents (26 young women and 22 young men), aged from 15 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.74 (0.61), mostly students of public schools, during COVID-19, to investigate correlations between these variables according to sex and sociodemographic aspects. To assess the factors, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT); the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) Questionnaire ; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale for brazilian adolescents (EDAE-A); the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11); and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. The data collection was performed in schools located in southern Brazil. The results indicated that 12 out of 48 adolescents were considered addicted to the Internet. Moreover, Internet addiction was a predictor of depression in regression analysis (p<0.001). In addition, participants classified as more addicted to the Internet scored lower averages in general attention (p<0.035) and higher averages in behavioral symptoms of inattention and ADHD (p<0.050), stress (p<0.003), anxiety (p<0.016), and depression (p<0.015), with effect sizes ranging from moderate to high. Therefore, the intense internet use by adolescents might cause psychological consequences such as depression in adolescents. Family support and professional intervention might help in the reduction of symptoms and consequences of internet addiction as well as in its prevention.(AU)
A dependência de internet é cada vez mais comum, pois essa ferramenta tem se tornado imprescindível, uma vez que possibilita home office, entretenimento, educação domiciliar e fácil acesso às informações. No entanto, o uso exagerado da tecnologia afeta os usuários de diversas formas, inclusive no desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Este estudo visou avaliar a dependência de internet, depressão, ansiedade, hiperatividade, atenção, impulsividade e estresse em 48 adolescentes (26 meninas e 22 meninos) de 15 a 18 anos, com idade média de 16,74 (0,61), estudantes de escolas públicas do Sul do Brasil durante a covid-19, para investigar correlações entre as variáveis anteriores de acordo com gênero e aspectos sociodemográficos. Para avaliar, aplicou-se o Internet Addiction Test (IAT), um teste de atenção, escala SNAP IV, escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse para adolescentes (EDAE-A), escala de impulsividade de Barratt e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que 12 adolescentes foram considerados viciados em internet, e que a dependência desta foi preditora da depressão na análise de regressão (p < 0,001). Ainda, os participantes classificados como adictos tiveram médias mais baixas em atenção geral (p < 0,035) e mais altas em sintomas comportamentais de desatenção e hiperatividade (p < 0,050), estresse (p < 0,003), ansiedade (p < 0,016) e depressão (p < 0,015), com efeitos que variaram de moderado a alto. Portanto, o uso intenso da internet por adolescentes pode ter consequências psicológicas, como a depressão. Bom apoio familiar e intervenção profissional podem ajudar na redução dos sintomas e consequências, bem como na prevenção da dependência.(AU)
La adicción a Internet es cada vez más habitual, puesto que esta herramienta es esencial para el trabajo remoto, el entretenimiento, la educación domiciliar y el fácil acceso a la información. Sin embargo, su uso exagerado afecta a la vida de las personas de diferentes maneras, incluso en el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adicción a Internet, depresión, ansiedad, hiperactividad, atención, impulsividad y estrés en 48 adolescentes (26 muchachas y 22 muchachos), de entre 15 y 18 años, con una edad promedio de 16,74 (0,61), en su mayoría estudiantes de escuelas públicas del Sur de Brasil, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, para investigar las correlaciones entre las variables mencionadas según género y aspectos sociodemográficos. Para evaluar los factores, se aplicaron el Test de Adicción a Internet (TAI), un test de atención, la escala SNAP IV, la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés para adolescentes (EDAE-A), la escala de impulsividad de Barratt y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron que 12 adolescentes fueron considerados adictos a Internet, además, la adicción a Internet fue un predictor de la depresión en el análisis de regresión (p<0,001). Igualmente, los participantes clasificados como más adictos a Internet tuvieron promedios más bajos en atención general (p<0,035), y más altos en síntomas conductuales de falta de atención e hiperactividad (p<0,050), estrés (p<0,003), ansiedad (p<0,016) y depresión (p<0,015), con efectos que varían de moderado a alto. Por lo tanto, el uso intenso podría producir consecuencias psicológicas como la depresión en los adolescentes. Tener un buen apoyo familiar e intervención profesional puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas y las consecuencias de la adicción a Internet, así como prevenirla.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Internet Addiction Disorder , Technology Addiction , Mental Disorders , Perception , Personality Development , Psychological Phenomena , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Psychomotor Performance , Psychopathology , Psychotherapy , Rejection, Psychology , Self Concept , Sleep Wake Disorders , Social Adjustment , Social Alienation , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Sciences , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Stress, Psychological , Task Performance and Analysis , Therapeutics , Time , Work Simplification , Physicians' Offices , Bipolar Disorder , Boredom , Computer Communication Networks , Shyness , Activities of Daily Living , Computers , Exercise , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Comorbidity , Cerebral Cortex , Child Advocacy , Child Welfare , Mental Health , Public Health , Reproducibility of Results , Adolescent Behavior , Behavior, Addictive , Time Management , Cognition , Communications Media , Consumer Behavior , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Neurocognitive Disorders , Wit and Humor , Counseling , Education, Distance , Affect , Culture , Adolescent Health , Depressive Disorder , Displacement, Psychological , Economics , Emotions , Equipment and Supplies , Disease Prevention , Exercise Test , Cerebrum , Family Conflict , Fear , Sedentary Behavior , Executive Function , Pandemics , Cognitive Dysfunction , Social Media , Financing, Personal , Mindfulness , Social Skills , Smartphone , Patient Health Questionnaire , Procrastination , Neuroticism , Academic Performance , Academic Success , Virtual Reality , Cyberbullying , Online Social Networking , Screen Time , Frustration , Data Analysis , Internet-Based Intervention , Psychological Distress , Social Comparison , Social Interaction , COVID-19 , Sluggish Cognitive Tempo , Exergaming , Social Deprivation , Sociodemographic Factors , Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder , Oppositional Defiant Disorder , Amygdala , Hostility , House Calls , Ergonomics , Impulsive Behavior , Interpersonal Relations , Introversion, Psychological , Anger , Learning , Limbic System , Loneliness , Mental Processes , Motivation , Motor Activity , Movement , NeurologyABSTRACT
Este estudo avaliou o reconhecimento (imitação, identidade e identificação) e a nomeação de estímulos emocionais de valência negativa (raiva e tristeza) e positiva (alegria e surpresa) em conjunto com a influência dos tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-feminino, social-masculino, familiar e emoji) em crianças e jovens adultos com autismo ou síndrome de Down, por meio de tarefas aplicadas pela família e mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante a pandemia de covid-19. Participaram cinco crianças e dois jovens adultos com autismo e uma criança e dois jovens adultos com síndrome de Down. Foram implementadas tarefas de identidade, reconhecimento, nomeação e imitação, com estímulos faciais de função avaliativa (sem consequência diferencial) e de ensino (com consequência diferencial, uso de dicas e critério de aprendizagem), visando a emergência da nomeação emocional por meio do ensino das tarefas de reconhecimento. Os resultados da linha de base identificaram que, para os participantes que apresentaram menor tempo de resposta para o mesmo gênero, a diferença de tempo de resposta foi em média 57,28% menor. Em relação à valência emocional, 50% dos participantes apresentaram diferenças nos acertos, a depender da valência positiva e negativa, sendo que 66,66% apresentaram diferenças para o tempo de resposta a depender da valência emocional. Após o procedimento de ensino, os participantes mostraram maior número de acertos nas tarefas, independentemente do gênero de estímulo e valência emocional, criando ocasião para generalização da aprendizagem de reconhecimento e nomeação de emoções, além de consolidar a viabilidade de estratégias de ensino mediadas por recursos tecnológicos e aplicadas por familiares.(AU)
This study evaluated the recognition (imitation, identity, and identification) and naming of negative (anger and sadness) and positive (joy and surprise) emotional stimuli alongside the influence of the types of stimuli (social-female, social-male, family, and emoji) in children and young adults with autism and Down syndrome, via tasks applied by the family and mediated by technological resources, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five children and two young adults with autism and one child and two young adults with Down syndrome participated. Identity, recognition, naming, and imitation tasks were planned and implemented using facial stimuli with evaluative (without differential consequence) and teaching (with differential consequence, tips, and learning criteria) functions, aiming at the emergence of emotional naming from the recognition teaching tasks. The baseline results showed that, for participants who had a shorter response time for the same gender, the response time difference was on average 57.28% lower. Regarding the emotional valence, 50% of the participants showed differences in the correct answers, depending on the positive and negative valence, and 66.66% showed differences in the response time depending on the emotional valence. After the teaching procedure, the participants showed a greater number of correct answers in the tasks, regardless of the stimulus type and emotional valence, creating an opportunity for generalizing learning of emotion recognition and naming, in addition to consolidating the feasibility of teaching strategies mediated by technological resources and applied by family members.(AU)
Este estudio evaluó el reconocimiento (imitación, identidad e identificación) y la denominación de estímulos emocionales negativos (enfado y tristeza) y positivos (alegría y sorpresa) y la influencia de los tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-femenino, social-masculino, familiar y emoji ) de niños y jóvenes con autismo o síndrome de Down, a través de tareas aplicadas por la familia, mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Participaron cinco niños y dos adultos jóvenes con autismo, y un niño y dos adultos jóvenes con síndrome de Down. Se planificaron e implementaron tareas de identidad, reconocimiento, nombramiento e imitación con estímulos faciales con función evaluativa (sin consecuencia diferencial) y enseñanza (con consecuencia diferencial, uso de ayudas y criterios de aprendizaje), buscando la emergencia del nombramiento emocional después de la enseñanza de tareas de reconocimiento. Los resultados de la línea de base identificaron que para los participantes que tenían un tiempo de respuesta más corto para el mismo género, la diferencia en el tiempo de respuesta fue un 57,28% menor. En cuanto a la valencia emocional, el 50% de los participantes mostraron diferencias en las respuestas correctas, en función de la valencia positiva y negativa, y el 66,66% tuvieron diferencias en el tiempo de respuesta, en función de la valencia emocional. Después del procedimiento de enseñanza, los participantes mostraron mayor número de aciertos en las tareas evaluadas, independientemente del tipo de estímulo o valencia emocional, lo que genera una oportunidad para la generalización del aprendizaje de reconocimiento y denominación de emociones, además de consolidar la viabilidad de estrategias de enseñanza mediadas por recursos tecnológicos y aplicadas por la familia.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Autistic Disorder , Family , Down Syndrome , Expressed Emotion , Emotions , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Parents , Perception , Perceptual Distortion , Personality , Play and Playthings , Prejudice , Psychiatry , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Attention , Audiovisual Aids , Signs and Symptoms , Social Desirability , Social Environment , Social Values , Socialization , Stereotyping , Task Performance and Analysis , Visual Perception , Women , Behavior , Body Image , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Symbolism , Activities of Daily Living , Artificial Intelligence , Adaptation, Psychological , Grief , Attitude , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Child , Child Rearing , Chromosomes , Clinical Trial , Mental Competency , Caregivers , Cognition , Signal Detection, Psychological , Communication , Conscience , Intuition , Observation , Stereotypic Movement Disorder , Chromosome Disorders , Personal Autonomy , Adult Children , Trust , Comprehension , Personnel Delegation , Data Compression , Education , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Education, Special , Ego , Empathy , Exploratory Behavior , Face , Facial Expression , Cultural Competency , Young Adult , Fear , Feedback , Emotional Intelligence , Social Stigma , Pandemics , Social Skills , Social Norms , Emotional Adjustment , Optimism , Metacognition , Facial Recognition , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Applied Behavior Analysis , Self-Management , Respect , Emotional Regulation , Generalization, Psychological , Genetics , Social Interaction , Identity Recognition , COVID-19 , Gestures , Cognitive Training , Family Support , Processing Speed , Handling, Psychological , Imagination , Interpersonal Relations , Language , Life Change Events , Memory, Short-Term , Men , Mental Disorders , Mental Processes , Intellectual Disability , Nervous System Diseases , Neurologic Manifestations , Neurology , Neuropsychological Tests , Nonverbal CommunicationABSTRACT
Introdução: Trata-se um estudo transversal, descritivo-exploratório utilizando a amostragem não probabilística, do tipo snowball sampling. Objetivo: compreender se existe um afastamento da criança em relação ao brincar na rua, sob a ótica de pais ou responsáveis; elencar quais são os motivos que levam a esse distanciamento; e analisar se os motivos são os mesmos para as crianças que estudam em escolas públicas e escolas privadas. Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 112 pais responsáveis por 124 crianças, dentre as quais 25 estudam em escolas públicas e 99 em escolas da rede privada de ensino. Resultados e discussão: Os dados obtidos apontam que na percepção dos pais as crianças não brincam na rua (62%), tendo como principais motivos a preocupação com o trânsito e com a segurança das crianças e a falta de tempo devido a muitas atividades extraclasse para as crianças das escolas privadas e escolas públicas. Adicionalmente, entre os escolares em instituições públicas, a falta de estrutura da rua também figurar como motivo. Conclusão: Com a análise dos dados é possível inferir que o afastamento da criança da rua está relacionado principalmente aos receios dos pais, muitas vezes fundamentados na possibilidade da existência de um problema, nem sempre próximo a eles.
Introduction: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive-exploratory study using non-probabilistic, snowball sampling. Objective: to understand whether there is a distancing of children from playing in the street, from the point of view of parents or guardians; listing the reasons that lead to this distancing; and analyzing whether the reasons are the same for children studying in public and private schools. Methodology: The study involved 112 parents responsible for 124 children, 25 of whom study in public schools and 99 in private schools. Results and discussion: The data obtained shows that children don't play in the street: 62% of the parents said that their children don't play in the street, the main reasons being concern about traffic and children's safety and lack of time due to many extra-curricular activities for private school children, and the same reasons plus the lack of structure in the street for children to play in for public school children. Conclusion: The analysis of the data shows that keeping children away from the street is mainly related to parents' fears, often based on the possibility of a problem, which is not always close to them.
Introducción: Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo-exploratorio, utilizando un muestreo no probabilístico, tipo bola de nieve. Objetivo: comprender si existe un distanciamiento de los niños de jugar en la calle, desde el punto de vista de los padres o tutores; enumerar las razones que llevan a este distanciamiento; y analizar si las razones son las mismas para los niños que estudian en escuelas públicas que para los que estudian en escuelas privadas. Metodología: En el estudio participaron 112 padres responsables de 124 hijos, 25 de los cuales estudian en colegios públicos y 99 en colegios privados. Resultados y discusión: Los datos obtenidos muestran que los niños no juegan en la calle: el 62% de los padres afirmaron que sus hijos no juegan en la calle, siendo las principales razones la preocupación por el tráfico y la seguridad de los niños y la falta de tiempo debido a las numerosas actividades extraescolares para los niños de la escuela pública, y las mismas razones más la falta de estructura en la calle para que los niños jueguen para los niños de la escuela pública. Conclusión: El análisis de los datos muestra que mantener a los niños alejados de la calle está relacionado principalmente con los temores de los padres, a menudo basados en la posibilidad de un problema, que no siempre está cerca de ellos.