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1.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 40(1): 33-40, Enero 8, 2025.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1586854

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La validez del conocimiento derivado de un estudio depende de la ausencia de error. Todo diseño epidemiológico es susceptible de errores, por lo que los investigadores deben planear cuidadosamente cada una de las fases de su estudio para controlarlos. Métodos. Revisión narrativa de la literatura, resumiendo los puntos sobresalientes relacionados con error, sesgo y confusión en investigación relacionada con cirugía. Resultados. Cuando se formula una pregunta de investigación se puede incurrir en dos tipos de errores que llevan a conclusiones equivocadas: el error tipo 1 (alfa), en el que se observan diferencias cuando en realidad no existen, y el error tipo 2 (beta), en el que no se encuentran diferencias cuando en realidad las hay. La lista de posibles sesgos es larga y pueden estar originados en tres fuentes, unas propias del sujeto de estudio, otras del investigador, y finalmente, unas que dependen del instrumento o sistema de recolección de la información. Conclusión. La validez de un estudio depende de la ausencia de errores, sin embargo, no es posible eliminar por completo los sesgos de los estudios epidemiológicos. En investigación en cirugía general, incluso en los diseños más sencillos, como los reporte de caso, puede haber errores y sesgos. Por eso, uno de los objetivos de un investigador debe ser reducir al mínimo los errores, identificar los sesgos que no se pueden evitar, determinar su impacto, tenerlos en mente en la interpretación de los resultados y manifestarlo en la publicación de su artículo.


Introduction. The validity of knowledge derived from a study depends on the absence of error. All epidemiological designs are susceptible to errors, so researchers must carefully plan each phase of their study to control them. Methods. Narrative review of the literature, summarizing the salient points related to error, bias, and confusion in surgery-related research. Results. When formulating a research question, two types of errors can occur that lead to wrong conclusions: type 1 error (alpha), in which differences are observed when in reality there are none, and type 2 error (beta), in which no differences are found when in reality there are. The list of possible biases is long and can originate from three sources, some belonging to the subject of the study, others to the researcher, and finally, others that depend on the instrument or system of information collection. Conclusion. The validity of a study depends on the absence of errors; however, it is not possible to completely eliminate biases from epidemiological studies. In general surgical research, even in the simplest designs such as case reports, errors and biases can occur. Therefore, one of the objectives of a researcher should be to reduce errors to a minimum, identify biases that cannot be avoided, determine their impact, keep them in mind when interpreting the results and express this in the publication of the article.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Scientific Experimental Error , Research , General Surgery , Bias , Confusion
2.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 39(6): 835-840, Nov. 1, 2024. fig, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1578770

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La investigación clínica nos provee de herramientas para desarrollar proyectos en los cuales se muestre nuestra actividad en el campo profesional, pero requiere de una apropiada metodología, que siga los lineamientos del método científico. Una de las cuestiones básicas en el inicio de un proyecto de investigación es realizar un diseño adecuado para cada tipo de estudio propuesto. Métodos. Se hizo una revisión de la literatura disponible y se presenta de forma narrativa los aspectos más relevantes relacionados con los tipos de estudios que aplican al área de cirugía. Resultados. Según la relación entre el momento en que se realiza el estudio y los hechos evaluados, los estudios pueden ser prospectivos o retrospectivos. Desde el punto de vista de la temporalidad, pueden ser longitudinales o transversales. De acuerdo con la unidad de análisis, los estudios se pueden enfocar a nivel de los individuos o de las poblaciones. Vistos desde la intervención, los estudios epidemiológicos pueden tener un diseño experimental o no. Conclusión. Los ensayos clínicos controlados son considerados el "estándar de oro" de los diseños de investigación porque proporcionan la evidencia más convincente de la relación entre exposición y resultado. Sin embargo, en el área de cirugía, la ejecución de estudios experimentales no es fácil porque se enfrentan a serios problemas éticos y mayores riesgos de sesgos. Por eso, es necesario conocer otros tipos de estudios que aplican.


Introduction. Clinical research provides us with tools to develop projects in which our activity in the professional field is shown, but requires an appropriate methodology that follows the guidelines of the scientific method. One of the basic questions at the beginning of a research project is to carry out an appropriate design for each type of study proposed. Methods. A review of the available literature was performed and the most relevant aspects related to the types of studies that apply to the area of surgery are presented in a narrative form. Results. Depending on the relationship between the time in which the study is done and the facts evaluated, studies can be prospective or retrospective. From the point of view of temporality, they can be longitudinal or transversal. Depending on the unit of analysis, studies can be focused at the level of individuals or populations. Seen from the intervention, epidemiological studies may or may not have an experimental design. Conclusion. Controlled clinical trials are considered the gold standard of research designs because they provide the most convincing evidence of the relationship between exposure and outcome. However, in the area of surgery, performing experimental studies is not easy because they face serious ethical problems and greater risks of bias. Therefore, it is necessary to know other types of studies that apply.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Epidemiologic Study Characteristics , General Surgery , Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Scientific Research and Technological Development , Research and Development Projects
3.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 11(3): 1-16, sep. 2024. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1584447

ABSTRACT

Orijin bitters, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale roscoe have been reported to possess various medicinal properties. The aim of the study is to evaluate their effects on the kidney of adult wistar rats. Methodology: thirty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, each having 5 rats. Group 1 received distilled water, group 2, 70cl/70kg/bw orijin bitters, group 3, orijin bitters and 200mg/kg/bw Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract, group 4, orijin bitters and 500mg/kg/bw Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract, group 5, orijin bitters and 200mg/kg/bw officinale rhizome aqueous extract, group 6, orijin bitters and 500mg/kg/bw Zingiber officinale rhizome aqueous extract over a 21-day period. After administration, the rats were sacrificed and the kidney harvested for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: Orijin bitters altered renal function, indicated by elevated level of malondialdehyde and decreased level of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, along with histopathological changes such as glomerular atrophy and tubular degeneration compared to the control. The result was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conversely, aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and Zingiber officinale rhizome exhibited antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress and mitigating renal damagecompared to the orijin bitters group only. Although the result was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Orijin bitters may have nephrotoxic effects, while Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale may offer protective benefits, due to their antioxidant properties.


Se ha informado que Orijin bitters, Hibiscus sabdariffa y Zingiber officinale Roscoe poseen varias propiedades medicinales. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar sus efectos sobre el riñón de ratas adultas Wistar. Metodología: Treinta ratas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 6 grupos, cada uno con 5 ratas. El grupo 1 recibió agua destilada, el grupo 2, 70 cl/70 kg/pc de Orijin bitters, el grupo 3, Orijin bitters y 200 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa, el grupo 4, Orijin bitters y 500 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa, el grupo 5, Orijin bitters y 200 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso del rizoma de Zingiber officinale, el grupo 6, Orijin bitters y 500 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso del rizoma de Zingiber officinale durante un período de 21 días. Después de la administración, las ratas fueron sacrificadas y se extrajeron los riñones para análisis bioquímico e histológico. Resultados: Orijin bitters alteró la función renal, lo que se indica por un aumento en el nivel de malondialdehído y una disminución en el nivel de superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutatión, junto con cambios histopatológicos como atrofia glomerular y degeneración tubular en comparación con el grupo de control. El resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo (P < 0.05). Por el contrario, los extractos acuosos de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa y rizoma de Zingiber officinale exhibieron propiedades antioxidantes, reduciendo el estrés oxidativo y mitigando el daño renal en comparación con el grupo que solo recibió Orijin bitters. Aunque el resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo (P < 0.05). Conclusión: Orijin bitters puede tener efectos nefrotóxicos, mientras que Hibiscus sabdariffa y Zingiber officinale pueden ofrecer beneficios protectores debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Zingiber officinale/chemistry , Hibiscus/chemistry , Kidney/pathology , Phytotherapy/methods , Research Design , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Photomicrography , Histological Techniques , Rats, Wistar , Periodic Acid/metabolism , Dosage , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Antioxidants/therapeutic use
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(4): 1020-1028, ago. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569252

ABSTRACT

La mayoría de las preguntas de investigación (PI), conducirán a un proyecto que apunta a generar nuevo conocimiento, sin embargo el escenario, la población a estudio y la metodología pueden ser muy diferentes, lo que determinará que los resultados obtenidos y por ende, el nivel de evidencia (NE) y el grado de recomendación (GR) puedan variar notablemente. El objetivo de este artículo fue proporcionar recomendaciones para formular una PI asociada al NE y respectivos GR que se pueden desprender a partir de los resultados generados. Este artículo entregará algunos conocimientos sobre la PI y su relación con los NE y GR de la evidencia generada a partir de resultados obtenidos por un proceso de investigación en diferentes escenarios de investigación.


SUMMARY: Most research questions (RQ) will lead to a project that aims to generate new knowledge. However, the setting, study population and methodology may be very different, which will determine the results obtained and therefore, the level of evidence (LOE) and the grade of recommendation (GOR) may vary significantly. The aim of this study was to provide recommendations to formulate a RQ associated with the LOE and respective GOR that can be derived from the generated results. This article will provide some knowledge about the RQ and its relationship with the LEO and GOR of the generated evidence from results obtained by a research process in different research scenarios.


Subject(s)
Research Design , Evidence-Based Medicine , Biomedical Research/methods , Evidence-Based Practice
5.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 122(3): e202310081, jun. 2024. tab, fig
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1554613

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Uno de los principales desafíos para la primera infancia es brindar cuidados adecuados que reduzcan desigualdades y promuevan desarrollo infantil temprano (DIT). El objetivo del trabajo fue describir relaciones entre los cuidados que reciben niños y niñas de 3 y 4 años, según el marco para el cuidado cariñoso y sensible (NC, por sus siglas en inglés), y sus niveles de DIT en Argentina, considerando región y quintiles de riqueza. Población y métodos. Estudio analítico observacional de corte transversal, a partir de las bases de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes (MICS) Argentina 2019-2020. Se seleccionaron 11 indicadores de NC y se estimó el nivel de DIT utilizando el Índice de Desarrollo Infantil Temprano (ECDI) para un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados. En 2638 niños y niñas de 3 y 4 años evaluados, el promedio de acceso a indicadores de cuidados fue del 79,1 %; el acceso fue alto en 7 indicadores (entre el 84,2 % y el 97,9 %) y medio en 4 (entre el 46,9 % y el 65,1 %); la mayor frecuencia fue contar con registro de nacimiento (97,9 %) y la menor, la cobertura de seguro de salud (46,9 %). El 87,9 % alcanzó niveles adecuados de ECDI. Los resultados registran diferencias según quintiles de riqueza y regiones. Conclusiones. Los resultados evidencian desigualdades de acceso a cuidados y en DIT adecuado de niños y niñas de 3 y 4 años de áreas urbanas de Argentina según la región donde viven y el nivel de riqueza de sus hogares.


Introduction. One of the main challenges for early childhood is to provide adequate care to reduce inequalities and promote an early childhood development (ECD). The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between the care provided to children aged 3 and 4 years according to the nurturing care (NC) framework and their ECD levels in Argentina, considering the region and wealth quintiles. Population and methods. This was an observational, cross-sectional analytical study based on data from the National Survey of Children and Adolescents (MICS) of Argentina 2019­2020. A total of 11 NC indicators were selected; the level of ECD was estimated using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) for a descriptive, statistical analysis. Results. In 2638 children aged 3 and 4 years assessed, the average access to care indicators was 79.1%; access was high for 7 indicators (between 84.2% and 97.9%) and middle for 4 indicators (between 46.9% and 65.1%); the highest and lowest frequency corresponded to having a birth certificate (97.9%) and health insurance coverage (46.9%), respectively. Adequate ECDI levels were observed in 87.9%. Results show differences by wealth quintile and region. Conclusions. The results evidence inequalities in terms of access to care and an adequate ECD of children aged 3 and 4 years from urban areas of Argentina, depending on the region where they live and their household wealth level.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Research Design , Healthcare Disparities , Argentina , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Pensar mov ; 22(1): 1-7, ene.-jun. 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1582880

ABSTRACT

Resumen Este editorial presenta una serie de reflexiones en torno a los principales tipos de investigación utilizadas en las Ciencias del Movimiento Humano; para ello, se recurre a comparaciones con la agricultura, pesca y ganadería.


Abstract This editorial presents a series of reflections on the major types of research used in Human Movement Science. For this purpose, comparisons are made to agriculture, fishing and livestock farming.


Resumo Este editorial apresenta uma série de reflexões com relação aos principais tipos de pesquisas utilizadas em Ciências do Movimento Humano; portanto, recorre-se a comparações com a agricultura, pesca e pecuária.


Subject(s)
Research/organization & administration , Livestock Industry/methods , Research Design
7.
Medwave ; 24(4): e2802, 30-05-2024.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1561806

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La inseguridad alimentaria es una prioridad mundial que, según se ha constatado, repercute negativamente en la salud mental, aumentando los riesgos de padecer trastornos mentales comunes y enfermedades mentales graves. Los migrantes internacionales pueden enfrentarse a la inseguridad alimentaria a lo largo del ciclo migratorio, debido a una serie de factores de riesgo como las precarias condiciones de tránsito, la precariedad laboral, la presión financiera, la discriminación y la falta de disponibilidad y acceso a alimentos culturalmente relevantes, entre otros. Aunque existen varias revisiones sobre migración, inseguridad alimentaria y salud en general, no se ha realizado ninguna revisión de alcance sobre la inseguridad alimentaria entre los migrantes internacionales con especial atención a la salud mental. OBJETIVO: Investigar la evidencia sobre inseguridad alimentaria y salud mental entre los migrantes internacionales. MÉTODOS: Se realizará una búsqueda de literatura científica en inglés, español, francés, italiano y portugués publicada desde 2013 en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, APA PsycArticles, Cinahl, y ASSIA, y de literatura gris en Google Scholar. Dos autores revisarán de forma independiente los títulos, resúmenes y textos completos, antes de extraer los datos de las publicaciones que cumplan los criterios de elegibilidad. Los datos extraídos se mapearán descriptivamente según categorías temáticas generales emergentes. RESULTADOS: esperados La revisión contribuirá a identificar lo que se sabe sobre la migración internacional, la inseguridad alimentaria y la salud mental, las lagunas en la literatura sobre el tema, las oportunidades para subtemas específicos de investigación, y explorar cómo la inseguridad alimentaria y la salud mental pueden estar vinculadas en la literatura existente.


INTRODUCTION: Food insecurity is a global priority that has been found to negatively impact mental health, increasing the risk of mental disorders and severe mental illness. International migrants may face food insecurity throughout their migratory cycle due to a range of risk factors, such as poor transit conditions, precarious employment, financial pressure, discrimination, and lack of availability and access to culturally relevant food, among others. Although there are multiple reviews on migration, food insecurity, and health in general, no scoping review has been conducted on food insecurity among international migrants focusing on mental health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the available evidence on food insecurity and mental health among international migrants. METHODS: A search of scientific literature in English, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese published since 2013 will be performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, APA PsycArticles, Cinahl, and ASSIA databases, including grey literature available in Google Scholar. Two authors will independently review titles, abstracts, and full texts before extracting data from publications complying with the eligibility criteria. Extracted data will be descriptively mapped according to emerging thematic categories. EXPECTED RESULTS: The review will contribute to identifying what is known about international migration, food insecurity, and mental health, gaps in the literature, opportunities for specific research subtopics, and how food insecurity and mental health can be linked in the existing literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Transients and Migrants/psychology , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Mental Health , Food Insecurity , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Research Design , Review Literature as Topic , Risk Factors , Food Supply
8.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;41(1): 157-164, feb. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559665

ABSTRACT

La eficacia de una nueva intervención se establece generalmente a través de ensayos clínicos (EC) con asignación aleatoria (AA). Sin embargo, entre otros tantos desafíos metodológicos, el especificar la hipótesis de un EC con AA, sigue siendo un problema complejo de resolver para los investigadores clínicos. En este manuscrito discutimos las características de tres variantes de los EC con AA: EC de superioridad (ECS), EC de no-inferioridad (ECNI), y EC de equivalencia (ECE). Estos tres tipos de EC tienen supuestos diferentes sobre los efectos de una intervención, por lo que plantear hipótesis y definir objetivos requiere conocer algunos supuestos subyacentes a estos EC, incluso hasta elementos relacionados con la estimación del tamaño de muestra para cada cual. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue describir las diferencias metodológicas entre ECS, ECNI y ECE.


Efficacy and effectivity of new interventions are generally established through randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, among many other methodological challenges, specifying the hypothesis of a RCT remains complex problem for clinical researchers. In this manuscript we discuss the characteristics of three variants of RCTs: superiority RCT (SRCT), non-inferiority RCT (NIRCT), and equivalence RCT (ERCT). These three types of RCT have different assumptions about the effects of an intervention, so setting hypotheses and defining objectives requires knowing some assumptions underlying these RCTs, including elements related to the estimation of the sample size for each one. The aim of this manuscript was to describe methodological differences between SRCT, NIRCT and ERCT.


Subject(s)
Clinical Trials as Topic , Research Design , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Equivalence Trials as Topic
9.
Medwave ; 24(1): e2700, 29-02-2024. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532745

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los factores de riesgo psicosociales como determinantes de la salud en el trabajo pueden afectar tanto al bienestar físico como al bienestar psíquico del trabajador. En los sistemas de formación que incluyen contenidos cognitivo-preventivos, funcionan mejor cuando la construcción del conocimiento está basada en el neuroaprendizaje. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el grado de procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas (grupo A) versus inserción de frases persuasivas (grupo B), como efecto de una capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje de la salud psicosocial en el trabajo de un grupo de profesionales con seguro sanitario de la Amazonía peruana. MÉTODOS: Diseño experimental con pre/posprueba, que incluyó dos grupos experimentales más un grupo de control: n = 48 sujetos en total, 16 por cada grupo, con edades entre 22 y 36 años. La capacitación se desarrolló entre diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019 con una duración de 18 horas, espaciadas en seis semanas. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un registro previamente validado por cinco expertos. RESULTADOS: La distribución de datos en los grupos fue adecuada tanto en preprueba como en posprueba, excepto en posprueba del grupo B (p = 0,002). En el grupo control los resultados del procesamiento de contenidos, tanto preprueba como en posprueba, se mantuvieron similares (p = 0,667). El procesamiento de contenidos sobre salud psicosocial en el trabajo en posprueba fue significativamente diferente entre los grupos de intervención y el grupo control (p = 0,001), distinguiéndose el procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados indican que la capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje, puede mejorar el procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas para el cumplimiento de normativas orientadas a promover la salud psicosocial en el trabajo.


INTRODUCTION: Psychosocial risk factors as determinants of health at work can affect both the physical and psychological well-being of the worker. Training systems that include cognitive-preventive content work best when knowledge construction is based on neurolearning. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of content processing with the insertion of deterrent (group A) versus persuasive sentences (group B) as an effect of a training with a neurolearning approach to psychosocial health in the work of a group of professionals with health insurance in the Peruvian Amazon. METHODS: Experimental design with pre-/post-test, including two experimental groups plus a control group, n = 48 subjects in total and 16 per group, aged 22-36 years. The training took place between December 2018 and January 2019 with a duration of 18 hours spaced over six weeks. A register previously validated by five experts was used for data collection. RESULTS: The distribution of data in the groups was adequate in both pre-test and post-test, except in post-test in group "B" (p = 0.002). In the control group, the results of content processing in both pre-test and post-test remained similar (p = 0.667). The processing of psychosocial occupational health content in the post-test was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.001), distinguishing the processing of content with the insertion of deterrent phrases. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that training with a neurolearning approach can improve the processing of content with the insertion of deterrent phrases for compliance with regulations aimed at promoting psychosocial health at work.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Insurance, Health , Peru , Risk Factors
10.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1030863

ABSTRACT

Background@#Response surface methodology (RSM) is a cost-effective multivariate technique employed in optimization of pharmaceutical formulations. Central composite experiment design is one of the common designs under RSM used for determining optimum nanoparticle formulation parameters.@*Objectives@#To optimize a formulation for meropenem-loaded chitosan alginate nanoparticles using central composite experimental design.@*Methodology@#Meropenem loaded chitosan-alginate nanoparticles were fabricated using aqueous sodium alginate solution and ionotropic gelation with calcium chloride and chitosan, using an optimized formulation derived from a central composite design. The fabricated Mer-CS/Alg NPs were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity. The central composite design has been used to adequately assess the influence of two factors namely meropenem concentration and Alg/CS mass ratio on the responses based on a limited number of 13 triplicate formulation runs.@*Results@#This study successfully formulated meropenem-loaded chitosan/alginate nanoparticles. The optimal formulation of the Mer- CS/Alg NPs was 1.7 mg/mLcurcumin, and a Alg/CS mass ratio of 9.8:1. Based on the predicted values of the response variable, the optimal formulation would have a particle size of 490.64 nm, zeta potential of -28.59 mVand a loading capacity of 76.89%.@*Conclusion@#The central composite experimental design successfully optimized the nanoparticle formulation of meropenem and chitosan/alginate polymer solution. The optimum formulation produced nanoparticles with adequate size, high stability, and high drug load.


Subject(s)
Meropenem , Nanoparticles , Research Design
11.
Singap. med. j ; Singap. med. j;: 30-37, 2024.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1007313

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION@#This scoping review examined the number, types and characteristics of journal publications on ageing in Singapore from 2008 to 2018 to determine how ageing research in medical and social domains in Singapore has transformed over time.@*METHODS@#Using relevant search terms, articles were extracted from multiple databases and then screened and reviewed for eligibility and inclusion by independent reviewers. Data such as article title, authors, year of publication, name of journal, type of journal, study design and the kind of data used were charted from the included articles for evidence synthesis.@*RESULTS@#Since 2008, there has been a steady increase in the number of publications on ageing in medical and social domains in Singapore. In the medical domain, publications on Ophthalmology (22%) made up the largest proportion of the existing medical literature on ageing in Singapore, followed by Physical Functioning (17%), which involved physiological measurements of physical well-being, and Geriatrics (16%). Non-medical publications comprised 38% of all the included publications, with publications on the social aspects of ageing (43%) forming the largest group in this cluster, followed by publications on Prevention (19%) and Healthcare services (18%). The study design was mostly observational (82%), with only 3% of interventional studies.@*CONCLUSION@#While ageing research had expanded in Singapore in the last decade, it was predominantly discipline specific and observational in design. As ageing issues are complex, with biology intersecting with psychology and sociology, we call for greater interdisciplinary collaboration, the conduct of more interventional studies, as well as more research in understudied and emerging areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Singapore , Aging , Geriatrics , Research Design
12.
Curationis ; Curationis;47(1): 1-9, 2024. tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1554858

ABSTRACT

Background: Clinical supervision is pivotal in supporting nurses in rendering quality, safe patient care. Therefore, it is essential to understand clinical supervision from operational nursing managers' context to define existing challenges and propose suitable recommendations. Objectives: This study aimed to explore and describe operational nursing managers' experiences of clinical supervision within the context of an academic hospital in Gauteng province and propose evidence-based practice recommendations to improve patient safety and the quality of clinical supervision. Method: An exploratory, sequential, mixed-method design was used and implemented over two phases to take advantage of the strengths of both the qualitative and quantitative research designs. Unstructured individual interviews were conducted to collect data in phase one, and an adapted Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS) questionnaire was used to collect data in phase two. Results: Operational nursing managers work in stressful conditions and environments with a gross shortage of staff and tools of the trade while being expected to deliver high-quality and safe nursing care. Of the sampled respondents, 36% (n = 17) were dissatisfied with the supervision they received, while 64% (n = 30) were indifferent in the sense that they did not think it was adequate or inadequate. Conclusion: Clinical supervisors should be trained and supported in clinical supervision, with regular workshops on interpersonal relations. Contribution: A clearer understanding of clinical supervision within the hospital context and evidence-based practice recommendations to improve patient safety and the quality of clinical supervision.


Subject(s)
Organization and Administration , Preceptorship , Research Design , Nursing , Hospitals, Public
13.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1559778

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cáncer de cabeza y cuello es el séptimo más común a nivel mundial. Las opciones terapéuticas para su manejo incluyen la radioterapia, la cual debe procurar un equilibrio entre la eliminación del tumor y la preservación del tejido sano porque su aplicación implica el riesgo de desarrollar una osteorradionecrosis de los maxilares. Objetivo: Valorar si el riesgo de que se produzca osteorradionecrosis de los maxilares varía en función del tipo de radioterapia. Métodos: Diseño documental, retrospectivo basado en los principios de las revisiones sistemáticas exploratorias según lo establece la lista de chequeo PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Se realizaron búsquedas en inglés y español en PubMed, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Tripdatabase y Epistemonikos. Resultados: En total se incluyeron 12 estudios publicados entre 2016 y 2022 con diversos diseños de investigación; el estudio de cohorte retrospectivo fue el que tuvo mayor representación. Se analizaron distintas opciones de radioterapia y sus protocolos, entre ellos, la radioterapia de intensidad modulada, la terapia de protones de intensidad modulada, la radioterapia corporal estereotáctica y la radioterapia tridimensional. La literatura refiere que los protocolos que implican dosis totales más bajas representan un menor riesgo de osteorradionecrosis. Conclusiones: El riesgo de osteorradionecrosis de los maxilares debe atribuirse, en mayor medida, a la dosis total de radiación recibida por el paciente y a la dosis por fracción que al tipo de radioterapia(AU)


Introduction: Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Therapeutic options for its management include radiotherapy, which should seek a balance between tumor elimination and preservation of healthy tissue because its application implies the risk of developing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws. Objective: To assess whether the risk of developing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws varies according to the type of radiotherapy. Methods : Documentary, retrospective design based on the principles of exploratory systematic reviews as established by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. PubMed, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Tripdatabase and Epistemonikos were searched in English and Spanish. Results: In total, 12 studies published between 2016 and 2022 with various research designs were included; the retrospective cohort study had the highest representation. Different radiotherapy options and their protocols were analyzed, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy, intensity-modulated proton therapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, and three-dimensional radiotherapy. The literature refers that protocols involving lower total doses represent a lower risk of osteoradionecrosis. Conclusions: The risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws should be attributed, to a greater extent, to the total radiation dose received by the patient and the dose per fraction than to the type of radiotherapy(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteoradionecrosis , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated , Proton Therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Research , Research Design , Cohort Studies , Guidelines as Topic
15.
Educ. med. super ; 37(4)dic. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1564468

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La vigilancia y la inteligencia son actividades estratégicas para la investigación y el posgrado con el fin de detectar nuevas áreas de investigación y de servicios de formación, a partir de una gestión eficiente de la información, que contribuye a tomar decisiones eficaces y mejorar el desempeño. Objetivo: Implementar un proceso de vigilancia e inteligencia para el posgrado en salud. Desarrollo: El proceso realizado se basó en la norma cubana NC 1308:2019 Gestión de la I+D+i. Sistema de Vigilancia e inteligencia. Se muestra su aplicación para la actualización del curso Gestión de la Calidad en Salud, a partir de incorporar un tema relacionado con el clima organizacional, al abordar el factor humano como garante de la calidad de los servicios de salud. Conclusiones: Los procesos de vigilancia e inteligencia son transversales a todas las áreas y actividades relacionadas con la gestión de la calidad en salud, que requieren información y conocimiento para la toma de decisiones estratégicas y operativas, y la realización de las acciones consiguientes. La aplicación de un proceso sistemático de vigilancia e inteligencia facilita el desarrollo de un tema de formación en clima organizacional, con vistas a la mejora del servicio de posgrado orientado a la salud(AU)


Introduction: Surveillance and intelligence are strategic activities for research and postgraduate, aimed at detecting new research and training services areas, based on efficient information management, which contributes to making effective decisions and improving performance. Objective: To implement a surveillance and intelligence process for health postgraduate studies. Development: The realized process was based on the Cuban standard NC 1308:2019 Gestión de la I+D+i. Sistema de Vigilancia e inteligencia [Management of Research +Development+ innovation. Surveillance and Intelligence System]. Its application is shown in view of updating a course under the topic of quality management in health, from incorporating a topic related to the organizational climate, by addressing the human factor as a guarantor of quality in health services. Conclusions: Surveillance and intelligence processes are cross-sectional to all areas and activities related to quality management in health, requiring information and knowledge for strategic and operational decision making, as well as the implementation of consequent actions. The application of a systematic process of surveillance and intelligence facilitates the development of a training topic in organizational climate, with a view to improving the health-oriented postgraduate service(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Organizational Culture , Total Quality Management/trends , Professional Training , Intelligence , Research Design/trends , Education, Graduate , Knowledge Management for Health Research , Use of Scientific Information for Health Decision Making , Training Courses , Information Sources
16.
Medwave ; 23(10): e2767, 30-11-2023.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1519258

ABSTRACT

Tradicionalmente la investigación se ha dividido según su metodología en cuantitativa y cualitativa. La metodología mixta de investigación, que combina ambos métodos, se ha consolidado como una tercera vía, permitiendo abordar de forma integral problemas de investigación de alta complejidad. Aunque existen diversas definiciones sobre la investigación con métodos mixtos, todas ellas comparten aspectos como la recolección y análisis de datos tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos, y la interpretación integrada de los resultados dentro de una misma investigación. Este tipo de investigación es una herramienta importante para abordar la complejidad propia del campo de la salud, permitiendo comprender e integrar los datos cuantitativos con aspectos vivenciales y experienciales. Con ello se logra una perspectiva amplia y profunda de los problemas de salud, dando respuesta a las políticas y servicios sanitarios. Durante el desarrollo de una investigación con métodos mixtos, existen etapas clave donde ambos enfoques pueden integrarse dependiendo de los objetivos planteados por los equipos de investigación. Aunque los estudios con métodos mixtos pueden ser muy diferentes, se han identificado modelos generales que guían el desarrollo de un diseño específico a utilizar. Estos modelos se clasifican según la prioridad de cada enfoque, la secuencia en la que se ejecutará cada enfoque, el nivel y momento de integración de los datos y el propósito de esta integración para el estudio en particular.


Traditionally, research has been divided according to its methodology into quantitative and qualitative. Mixed research methodology combines both methods and has established itself as a third approach, allowing to comprehensively address high-complexity research problems. Although there are various definitions of mixed methods research, they all share aspects such as the collection and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data and the integrated interpretation of the results within the same research. This type of research is an important tool to address the complexity of health sciences, allowing the understanding and integration of quantitative data with experience-based aspects. In this way, a broad and deep perspective of health problems is achieved, providing a solution to sanitary policies and services. During the development of mixed methods research, there are key stages where both approaches can be integrated depending on the objectives set by the investigators. Although mixed methods studies may differ widely, general models have been identified to guide the development of a single specific design. These models are classified according to the priority of each approach, the sequence in which each approach will be executed, the level and timing of data integration, and the purpose of integrating the data for the study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Qualitative Research
17.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 38(3): 422-431, Mayo 8, 2023. fig, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438394

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Recientemente, se ha evidenciado un crecimiento exponencial de artículos de estudiantes y autores jóvenes; sin embargo, la mayoría de esos artículos no han sido citados. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar un manual de fácil interpretación, aplicable durante el proceso de construcción de un manuscrito académico original en cirugía. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos académicas, utilizando las palabras clave "manuscrito académico", "cirugía", "investigación" y "how to do it", así como sinónimos. Se incluyeron estudios originales, revisiones y las directrices STROCSS 2021, publicadas hasta marzo de 2023. Resultados. Se logró recopilar una guía empírica, con recomendaciones y directrices útiles para la creación de un manuscrito académico en cirugía, óptima para uso en todos los niveles académicos. Conclusión. Se deben brindar herramientas que sean aplicables en todos los niveles educativos, desde un estudiante hasta cirujano graduado. Con este artículo se buscan dar a conocer un camino para transformar una idea en una publicación científica original de alto impacto, de forma metódica y fácil de entender, actuando como un incentivo y facilitador para la producción científica y académica en cirugía para Colombia y Latinoamérica


Introduction. Recently, there has been an exponential growth of articles by students and young authors; however, most of the articles have not been cited. This review presents an easy-to-interpret manual, applicable during the process of writing an original academic manuscript in surgery. Methods. A systematic literature review was performed in academic databases using the keywords "Academic Manuscript", "Surgery", "Research" and "How to do it", as well as synonyms; the search date was performed until March 2023, where original studies, reviews and STROCSS 2021 guidelines were included. Results. It was possible to compile an empirical guide, with useful recommendations and guidelines for the creation of an academic manuscript in surgery, optimal for use at all academic levels. Conclusion. Tools should be provided that are applicable at all educational levels, from a student to a graduate surgeon. The authors seek to show a way to transform an idea into an original scientific publication of high impact, in a methodical and easy to understand way, so this article acts as an incentive and facilitator for scientific and academic production in surgery in Colombia and Latin America


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Education, Medical , Manuscript, Medical , Research , General Surgery , Scholarly Communication
18.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 38(3): 432-438, Mayo 8, 2023. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438415

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La investigación quirúrgica es uno de los pilares de la cirugía académica, que integra el microambiente para lograr una adecuada práctica basada en la evidencia, realizar planteamientos y conseguir eventuales soluciones a necesidades quirúrgicas de una población. En el caribe colombiano existen brechas significativas en cuanto al aporte en investigación quirúrgica, comparado con otras regiones del país. Por ende, es necesaria una iniciativa que haga frente a estos retos. Métodos. El Grupo Colaborativo de Investigación en Cirugía General y Subespecialidades del Caribe Colombiano (GRINCIRCAR), es una iniciativa fundada por una colectividad de estudiantes de medicina, médicos residentes de cirugía y cirujanos académicos de universidades del caribe colombiano, que buscan impulsar la investigación quirúrgica y aportar a la resolución de problemas de salud en cirugía de la región. Discusión. De acuerdo al programa de investigación con políticas y prioridades en salud establecidos por el Instituto Nacional de Salud, existen por lo menos dos dimensiones donde se involucra directamente la cirugía. A pesar de esto, no existen datos sobre la distribución de recursos para la investigación quirúrgica en la región del Caribe colombiano, pese a que el acceso al cuidado quirúrgico básico y las enfermedades quirúrgicas, hace parte de las prioridades en salud y cirugía global. Conclusiones. Se necesita promover la cirugía académica y la investigación quirúrgica en la región del caribe colombiano. La investigación colaborativa podría ser una solución al integrar la participación de múltiples centros y participantes


Introduction. Surgical research is one of the cornerstones of academic surgery, which integrates the microenvironment to achieve an adequate evidence-based practice, asking the right questions to achieve eventual solutions to the surgical needs of a population. In the Colombian Caribbean, there are significant gaps in the contribution in surgical research, compared to other regions of the country. Therefore, an initiative is needed to address these challenges. Methods. The Collaborative Group for Research in General Surgery and Subspecialties of the Colombian Caribbean (GRINCIRCAR) is an initiative founded by a group of medical students, surgical residents and academic surgeons from Colombian Caribbean universities, who seek to promote surgical research and contribute to solutions of health problems in surgery in the region. Discussion. According to the research program, health policies and priorities established by the National Institute of Health, there are at least two dimensions where surgery is directly involved. Despite this, there are no data on the distribution of resources for surgical research in the Colombian Caribbean region, despite the fact that access to basic surgical care and surgical diseases are part of the priorities in global health and surgery. Conclusions. There is a need to promote academic surgery and surgical research in the Colombian Caribbean region. Collaborative research in the region could be a solution by integrating the participation of multiple centers and participants


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Health Services Research , Research , General Surgery , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Colombia
20.
HU Rev. (Online) ; 49: 1-7, 20230000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1562663

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As Ligas Acadêmicas (LAs) são organizações universitárias muito presentes nos cursos de medicina no Brasil, são de caráter extracurricular e complementar, fundamentadas no tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão (EPE). Suas atividades tendem a aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre determinado tema, estimular a criatividade, o autoaprendizado e o espírito crítico dos estudantes a fim de proporcionar uma melhor formação profissional. Objetivo: Relatar o histórico e a atuação da HemoLiga (HL) com foco na produção científica e compará-la com outras LAs de Medicina do Brasil descritas na literatura. Material e Métodos: Leitura e análise das atas de reuniões da HL para a documentação histórica da liga associada a busca dos Currículos Lattes dos atuais e ex-integrantes da HL para levantamento de dados sobre a produção científica da liga. As informações obtidas foram tabeladas em planilhas de acordo com os subtipos de trabalhos. Foram realizados análises e cruzamento de variáveis para confecção de gráficos. Resultados: A HL é uma liga vinculada a três faculdades de medicina e possui 14 anos de existência. Ela atua no ensino através de reuniões e estágios práticos na área de Hematologia. A pesquisa constitui sua principal atuação, integrando, inclusive, linha de pesquisa internacional. Assim, desde a sua fundação, a HL consta de uma lista de 217 trabalhos científicos produzidos, sendo 32 artigos científicos, 180 resumos, três capítulos de livros e dois livros. Na extensão, a liga agrega os projetos Unir para Cuidar, Doador do Futuro, Triagem Neonatal e Amigo de Sangue. Conclusão: A HL por meio do seu escopo de atuação, em consonância com outras LAs, contribui através de seu perfil de iniciação científica na formação acadêmica de seus membros, além de beneficiar a sociedade através de seus projetos de extensão.


Introduction: The Academic Leagues (ALs) are very present organizations in Medicine courses in Brazil. They are extracurricular and complementary activities which are based on tripod education, research, and extension, aiming to promote a more profound knowledge on a given topic. As a result, it stimulates creativity, self-learning, and critical thinking to provide better professional training. Objective: Report the history and performance of HemoLiga (HL), focusing on scientific production and compare it with other Brazilian Medicine ALs presented in the literature. Material and Methods: Reading and analysis of HL meeting minutes for the league's historical documentation associated with the study of the Lattes Curriculum of current and former HL members to collect data on the league's scientific production. The information obtained was tabulated in spreadsheets according to the subtypes of work. Analysis and crossing of variables were performed to produce graphics. Results: HL has been functioning for 14 years and it is linked to three Medicine courses in Juiz de Fora. The aim of education is obtained through meetings and internships in the area of Hematology. Research is its main activity, including an international line of research. Since its foundation, HL has produced a list of 217 scientific works, including 32 scientific articles, 180 abstracts, three book chapters, and two books. Regarding the extension aspect, the league worked on the projects Unir para Cuidar, Doador do Futuro, Triagem Neonatal and Amigo de Sangue. Conclusion: Through its scope of action, as other ALs, HL contributes through its scientific initiation profile to the academic training of its members, in addition to benefiting society through its extension projects.


Subject(s)
Research Design , Education, Medical , Organizations , Scientific and Technical Activities , Hematology
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