RESUMEN
Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(PEXG)is an eye disease that seriously endangers vision. It is more invasive than primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG), with more serious damage to the optic nerve, worse prognosis and higher resistance to treatment. Early diagnosis of PEXG can help to treat the disease in time and delay the progress of the disease, so it is important to determine appropriate biomarkers. In recent years, more and more people have begun to study the biomarkers of PEXG, hoping to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, find out the potential early diagnosis and treatment targets of PEXG, and provide some help to the disease through the research of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipomics markers. This article will review the progress of biomarkers of PEXG in recent years, some biomarkers may provide new ideas for early diagnosis of PEXG in the future.
RESUMEN
A growing number of neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain structural and functional alterations in subjects with internet addiction (IA), however, with conflicting conclusions. We plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the studies of voxelbased morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), to reach a consolidated conclusion and point out the future direction in this field. A comprehensive search of rsFC and VBM studies of IA will be conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to retrieve studies published from the inception dates to August 2021. If the extracted data are feasible, activation likelihood estimation and seed-based d mapping methods will be used to meta-analyze the brain structural and functional changes in IA patients. This study will hopefully reach a consolidated conclusion on the impact of IA on human brain or point out the future direction in this field.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES@#To study the influence of family structure on depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#The cluster sampling method was used to select the students from seven middle schools in Shanghai, China. An online questionnaire survey was conducted using a self-made general status questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. The methods including one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, binary logistic regression analysis, and mediating effect analysis were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and the difference in childhood trauma and its mediating effect.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the adolescents from nuclear families, the adolescents from three-generation lineal families had a lower risk of depression symptoms (OR=0.794, 95%CI: 0.649-0.972, P<0.05), while those from host families had a higher risk of depression symptoms (OR=4.548, 95%CI: 1.113-18.580, P<0.05). The adolescents from inter-generational families and host families had a significantly higher score on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire subscale of emotional neglect (P<0.05). Emotional neglect played a mediating role in the influence of inter-generational families and host families on depression symptoms in adolescents.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Parents and grandparents have a certain positive effect in family structures. Separation from parents may make adolescents perceive more emotional neglect, which may increase the occurrence of depression symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Depresión/epidemiología , Estructura Familiar , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , China , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression and the mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was conducted. The cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 572 adolescents from 7 middle schools in Shanghai, China, from April to May, 2021. A survey was performed for these adolescents and their mothers. The research tools included a general information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, short-form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory. A structural equation model was established, and the Bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 12.71% (327/2 572) among the adolescents. The scores of maternal job burnout, maternal depression, and negative parenting style were positively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05), and the score of positive parenting style was negatively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05). Maternal depression and parenting style played a mediating role between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression, including the individual mediating effect of maternal depression, the individual mediating effect of positive parenting style, and the chain mediating effect of maternal depression-negative/positive parenting style.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Maternal job burnout may affect adolescent depression through the mediating effect of depression, parenting style, and depression-parenting style, suggesting that the symptoms of adolescent depression can be reduced by alleviating maternal job burnout, improving maternal depression, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing negative parenting behaviors.
Asunto(s)
Niño , Adolescente , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/etiología , Responsabilidad Parental , China , Agotamiento PsicológicoRESUMEN
This study aimed to examine the effect and underlying mechanism of Puerariae Lobatae Radix on insulin resistance in db/db mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) based on the analysis of intestinal flora. Fifty db/db mice were randomly divided into a model group(M group), a metformin group(YX group), a high-dose Puerariae Lobatae Radix group(YGG group), a medium-dose Puerariae Lobatae Radix group(YGZ group), and a low-dose Puerariae Lobatae Radix group(YGD group). Another 10 db/m mice were assigned to the normal group(K group). After continuous administration for eight weeks, body weight and blood sugar of mice were measured. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect glycosylated serum protein(GSP) and fasting serum insulin(FINS), and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) was calculated. The histopathological changes in the pancreas were observed by HE staining. Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α expression in the pancreas was detected using immunohistochemistry. The structural changes in fecal intestinal flora in the K, M, and YGZ groups were detected by 16S rRNA. Western blot was used to detect the expression of farnesoid X receptor(FXR) and takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) in the ileum, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1) and sterol 27α-hydroxylase(CYP27A1) in the liver, and G protein-coupled receptors 41(GPR41) and 43(GPR43) in the colon. Compared with the K group, the M group showed increased body weight, blood sugar, serum GSP, fasting blood glucose(FBG), and FINS, increased HOMA-IR, inflammatory infiltration of islet cells, necrosis and degeneration of massive acinar cells, unclear boundary between islet cells and acinar cells, disturbed intestinal flora, and down-regulated FXR, TGR5, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, GPR41, and GPR43. Compared with the M group, the YX, YGG, YGZ, and YGD groups showed decreased body weight, blood sugar, serum GSP, FBG, and FINS, islet cells with intact and clumpy morphology and clear boundary, necrosis of a few acinar cells, and more visible islet cells. The intestinal flora in the YGZ group changed from phylum to genus levels, and the relative abundance of intestinal flora affecting the metabolites of intestinal flora increased. The protein expression of FXR, TGR5, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, GPR41, and GPR43 increased. The results show that Puerariae Lobatae Radix can improve the inflammatory damage of pancreatic islet cells and reduce insulin resistance in db/db mice with T2DM. The mechanism of action may be related to the increase in the abundance of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides in the intestinal tract and the protein expression related to metabolites of intestinal flora.
Asunto(s)
Ratones , Animales , Resistencia a la Insulina , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Pueraria/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Peso Corporal , NecrosisRESUMEN
ObjectiveTo develop and validate a predictive risk model for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes using readily accessible clinical data, which may provide a convenient and effective prediction tool for early identification and referral of at-risk populations. MethodsA nomogram model was developed using a dataset obtained from patients with T2DM who participated in the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study from November 2017 to December 2020. Logistic regression was used to construct the model, and model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curve and decision curve analysis. The model underwent internal validation through the mean AUC of k-fold cross-validation method, and further external validation was conducted in the Dongguan Eye Study. ResultsA total of 2 161 individuals were included in the model development dataset, of whom 135 (6.25%) people were diagnosed with VTDR. Age (P<0.001,OR=0.927,95%CI:0.898~0.957) and body mass index (P<0.001,OR =0.845,95%CI:0.821~0.932) were found to be negatively correlated with VTDR, whereas diabetes duration (P<0.001,OR=1.064,95%CI:1.035~1.094), insulin use (P =0.045,OR =1.534,95%CI:1.010~2.332), systolic blood pressure (P<0.001,OR =1.019,95%CI:1.008~1.029), glycated hemoglobin (P<0.001,OR =1.484,95%CI:1.341~1.643), and serum creatinine (P<0.001,OR =1.017,95%CI:1.010~1.023) were positively correlated with VTDR. All these variables were included in the model as predictors. The model showed strong discrimination in the development dataset with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.797 and in the external validation dataset (AUC 0.762). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test(P>0.05)and the calibration curve displayed good agreement. Decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram produced net benefit in the two datasets. ConclusionsIndependent factors influencing VTDR include age, duration of diabetes mellitus, insulin use, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum creatinine. The nomogram constructed using these variables demonstrates a high degree of predictive validity. The model can serve as a valuable tool for early detection and referral of VTDR in primary care clinics. Therefore, its application and promotion are highly recommended.
RESUMEN
@#Microbial mixed infectious keratitis is an ocular surface disease caused by corneal infection, which has an acute onset and rapid progression and can lead to blindness in severe cases. Establishing an animal model of microbial mixed infectious keratitis is conducive to exploring its pathogenesis, prevention, clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the methods of making animal models of mixed infectious keratitis with microorganisms and the diagnostic methods after successful modelling infections, aiming to provide references for the further development and research of animal models of the disease.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE@#Wallerian degeneration (WD) is an antegrade degenerative process distal to peripheral nerve injury. Numerous genes are differentially regulated in response to the process. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear, especially the early response. We aimed at investigating the effects of sciatic nerve injury on WD via CLDN 14/15 interactions in vivo and in vitro.@*METHODS@#Using the methods of molecular biology and bioinformatics analysis, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which claudin 14/15 participate in WD. Our previous study showed that claudins 14 and 15 trigger the early signal flow and pathway in damaged sciatic nerves. Here, we report the effects of the interaction between claudin 14 and claudin 15 on nerve degeneration and regeneration during early WD.@*RESULTS@#It was found that claudin 14/15 were upregulated in the sciatic nerve in WD. Claudin 14/15 promoted Schwann cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis in vitro. PKCα, NT3, NF2, and bFGF were significantly upregulated in transfected Schwann cells. Moreover, the expression levels of the β-catenin, p-AKT/AKT, p-c-jun/c-jun, and p-ERK/ERK signaling pathways were also significantly altered.@*CONCLUSION@#Claudin 14/15 affect Schwann cell proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis via the β-catenin, p-AKT/AKT, p-c-jun/c-jun, and p-ERK/ERK pathways in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the tight junction signaling pathway underlying peripheral nerve degeneration.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Claudinas , Regeneración Nerviosa , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos , Células de Schwann/patología , Nervio Ciático , Degeneración Walleriana/patologíaRESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study is to discover the possible working mechanisms of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba (AJH) on hepatoma carcinoma (HCC). Methods: In this study, ethanol extract of AJH was prepared and used to treat HCC cell in vitro. Furthermore, a genomic wide RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to screen deregulated genes in HCC cells after the treatment of AJH extract. The gene and protein expression related to lipid metabolism in HCC cells were also investigated to validate the results obtained from RNA-seq. Results: AJH extract could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vitro. RNA-seq analysis has identified 1,601 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold change ≥ 2.0 or fold change ≤ 0.5, P < 0.05) in HCC after AJH extract treatment, which included 225 up-regulated genes and 1,376 down-regulated genes. KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs demonstrated that lipid metabolism was a potential pathway related to AJH treatment. In agreement with the RNA-seq data, qPCR and Western-blot analysis indicated that expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism (SREBP1, ACC, ACLY and FASN) were significantly down-regulated in AJH treatment group as compared with the control group. Furthermore, AJH extract could also decrease lipid contents and cellular free fatty acid levels in HCC cells. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of AJH could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vitro, the possible mechanism may be related to the inhibition of lipid metabolism.
RESUMEN
Aim To investigate the role and mechanism of NLRP3 on hypolipidemic effect and anti-inflammative effect of apigenin. Methods Triton-WR 1339-induced hyperlipidemia was applied to wide type C57BL/6 and NLRP3"'" mice, which was treated with apigenin of 6.25 mg • kg"1 • day"1 for five days. Blood and liver tissueswere collected for detecting TC, TG, HDL, LDL, IL-1B, IL-6, MCP-1 and the liver underwent HE staining. The expressions of NLRP3, I L 4, ASC, CD36, CYP7A1 and FGF21 were tested using RT-qPCR. Results Compared with NLRP3 "'" model group, serum contents of TC, TG, HDL, LDL, IL-1B, IL-6, MCP-1 were reduced in NLPR3"'" treated with apigenin of 6. 25 mg • kg"1 (P < 0. 05). The percentage of hepatic steatosis wasdown-regulated by apigenin in pathogenesis observation. However, all these phenotype changes were not observed in WT mice treated with apigenin. Moreover, up-regulation of CD36 and vLDLR and down-regualtion of ASC and IL-4 were founded in both WT and NLRP3"'" model group (P < 0. 05), while down-regulation of FGF21 and up-regulation of CYP7A1 were only seen in NLRP3"/ _ model group but not in WT group. Conclusions Knockout of NLRP3 enhances hypolipidemic effect and anti-inflammative effect of apigenin in triton-1339 IP-induced hyperlipidemia mice, which may be associated with apigenin-regulated FGF21/CYP7A1 pathway without NLRP3 inflammasome interruption.
RESUMEN
As the increasing population aging,the incidence of age-related macular degeneration is increasing,blinding rate also increasing,so it is very important for the early diagnosis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration.There are many methods to check the aging macular degeneration,such as fundus angiography,optical coherence tomography (OCT),visual field and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG).In recent years,many emerging ophthalmic methods have emerged and are gradually applied to clinical diagnosis,including optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).The function of these methods has its unique advantages,but there are also limitations.This paper will review these existing methods.
RESUMEN
Objective·To investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on autophagy in hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods·Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of autophagy associated proteins Beclin1, LC3 Ⅱ , and p62 in the hippocampus of HIBD rats following MSCs transplantation and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured primary neurons following MSCs seperated coculture. The learning-memory function in the HIBD rats after MSCs transplantation was tested by Morris water maze test. Transmission electron microscopy was also used to observe the number of autophagic neurons in OGD damaged neurons after coculture with MSCs. Results·The levels of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ protein expressions were significantly increased at 12-24 h in the rat hippocampus following HIBD injury. MSCs transplantation statistically downregulated the autophagy level in the hippocampus, and obviously improved the learning-memory function of HIBD rats. Meanwhile, the levels of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ protein expressions in the primary neurons in vitro were also induced by OGD for 12 h. MSCs seperated coculture significantly downregulated the autophagy level of hippocampal neurons by OGD injury, decreased the number of autophagosome in the OGD-injured neurons. Conclusion·MSCs may inhibit the autophagy of hippocampal neurons by partly regulating the damaged microenvironment to improve the learning and memory function of HIBD rats.
RESUMEN
?Age-related macular degeneration ( AMD) is one of the main leading causes of irreversible damage eyesight over the 50 years old people. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of AMD. ln recent years, the studies found that complement factor H ( CFH) gene has obvious correlation with the incidence of AMD. ln this article, we reviewed the researches on the CFH in AMD.