Analysis of component composition and content determination of six constituents for Xeriga-4 Powder / 中成药

AIM To analyze the component composition of Xeriga-4 Powder,and to determine the contents of phellodendrine,chlorogenic acid,gardenoside,berberine,rutin and curcumin.METHODS The high performance liquid chromatography-Q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS)qualitative analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.1%formic acid flowing at 0.35 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning.High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)quantitative analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Shim-pack GIST-HP C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,3 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.1%formic acid flowing at 0.25 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Total 65 constituents were identified,containing 19 alkaloids,13 organic acids,13 flavonoids,7 curcumins,6 iridoids,4 fatty acids,2 aldehydes,and 1 amino acid.Six constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.999 1),whose average recoveries were 96.44%-102.37%with the RSDs of 2.05%-3.74%.CONCLUSION This study can provide a reference for the quality control for Xieriga-4 Powder.

Sub-chronic aluminum exposure induces cognitive impairment through ALKBH5/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway in rats / 中国职业医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of maltol aluminum exposure on miR-193a-3p, demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and protein kinase B (AKT), and whether miR-193a-3p is involved in aluminum-induced cognitive impairment by regulating ALKBH5/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Methods Specific pathogen-free male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and low-, medium- and high- dose groups according to their body weight, with eight rats in each group. Rats in the low-, medium-, and high- dose groups were intraperitoneally injected with maltol aluminum solution at concentrations of 10.00, 20.00, and 40.00 μmol/kg body weight, respectively, while the rats in control group were given an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Rats were injected for five days every week for three months. After injection, the novel object recognized test was used to assess the learning and memory ability of the rats. The relative expression of miR-193a-3p and B-cell lymphocytoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteine aspartate protease-3 (Caspase-3) mRNA in rat hippocampus was detected using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relative protein expression of ALKBH5, PTEN, and AKT2 in the rat hippocampus was detected using Western blot. Results The discrimination index and the preference index of the new object recognition test of the rats in high-dose group were lower than those in control group and low-dose group (all P<0.05). The relative expression of miR-193a-3p and Bcl-2 mRNA in the hippocampus of the rats in high-dose group was lower than those in control group and low-dose group (all P<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of Bax in the high-dose group was higher than those in the control group and low-dose group (both P<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of Caspase-3 of the rats in the high-dose group was higher than that in the other three groups (both P<0.05). The relative protein expression of ALKBH5 in the hippocampus of the rats in the high-dose group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The relative expression of PTEN protein was higher than those in the control group and low-dose group (both P<0.05). The relative protein expression of AKT2 was lower than those in the control group and low-dose group (both P<0.05). Conclusion Sub-chronic aluminum exposure can inhibit the expression of miR-193a-3p in the hippocampus of rats, which may disrupt the ALKBH5/PTEN/AKT pathway and affect normal neuronal homeostasis and cellular function. This pathway may play an important role in aluminum-induced cognitive impairment.

Advantage analysis of flow-through cell method in quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine: a case study of Danshen Tablets / 中国中药杂志

To explore the quality consistency evaluation method for multi-component traditional Chinese medicine and establish a dissolution evaluation method suitable for the characteristics of multi-component Chinese patent medicine, this study discussed the characteristics and advantages of the flow-through cell method in the dissolution evaluation of Chinese patent medicine by comparing the impact of the small cup method and the flow-through cell method on the dissolution behavior of water-soluble and lipid-soluble major active components of Danshen Tablets. Dissolution tests were performed using the small cup method as described in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the newly introduced flow-through cell method(closed-loop method) with water solution containing 0.5% SDS as dissolution medium. Cumulative dissolution curves of the water-soluble component salvianolic acid B and the lipid-soluble component tanshinone Ⅱ_A in Danshen Tablets were plotted, and fitting and similarity analysis of the dissolution models was conducted to identify the characteristics and advantages of the flow-through cell method. For the small cup method, 150 mL of water containing 0.5% SDS was used as the dissolution medium, with a rotation speed of 75 r·min~(-1) and a temperature of(37±0.5) ℃, and 3 mL of samples were taken at 15, 30 min, 1, 2, and 4 h, with fresh dissolution medium added at the same temperature and volume. For the flow-through cell method, a closed-loop system was used. Danshen Tablets were placed in the flow-through cell with approximately 6.7 g of glass beads, and 150 mL of water containing 0.5% SDS was used as the dissolution medium. The flow rate was set at 20 mL·min~(-1), and the temperature and sampling were the same as the small cup method. The results showed that compared with the small cup method, the flow-through cell method had stronger discriminative power and higher sensitivity in distinguishing the dissolution behavior of the two components, and could better reflect the differences in formulation quality, especially for water-insoluble lipid-soluble components. Given that there were no essential differences in the in vitro release kinetics between the two methods, the flow-through cell method could not only replace the traditional small cup method but also better guide the formulation development and identify quality issues of formulations.

Research progress of thyroid hormone in pulmonary fibrosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Pulmonary fibrosis is end-stage of variety of heterogeneous interstitial lung disease, characterizedby excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition and destruction of lung parenchyma. Thyroid and lung are derived from the same endodermal cells, thyroid hormone affect the occurrence、development and prognosis of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and other lung diseases, This article reviews the role and mechanism of thyroid hormone in pulmonary fibrosis in order to provide new idea for the study of the role and mechanism of thyroid hormone in silicosis.

Investigation on medical security and quality of life of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate and understand the medical security and quality of life of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control countermeasures of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis and targeted poverty alleviation. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling method, 200 migrant workers diagnosed with pneumoconiosis at the Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine from January 2016 to December 2021 were selected as the observation group, while 200 non migrant workers diagnosed with pneumoconiosis were selected as the control group. St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Pneumoconiosis Questionnaire were used to collect and compare information on the age, working age of dust exposure, economic sources, employment status, income, medical security and quality of life of two groups of patients. Results: The age of migrant worker pneumoconiosis patients in the observation group was (58.1±8.1) years old, and the working age of dust exposure was (19.3±10.1) years. The main source of income was children support (85.5%, 171/200), employment status was mainly wait for employment or unemployed (69.0%, 138/200), personal monthly income was mainly non income (90.0%, 180/200), and family annual income was mainly less than 10000 yuan (48.0%, 96/200). The average personal annual medical expenditure of 5000-<10000 yuan accounted for 42.0% (84/200). The age of pneumoconiosis patients in the control group was (59.2±8.9) years old, and the working age of dust exposure was (20.2±10.5) years. The main source of income was retirement pension or salary (99.0%, 198/200), with retirement as the main employment status (66.0%, 132/200), the main personal monthly income was 2000-<4000 yuan (61.5%, 123/200), the main family annual income was 20000-<40000 yuan (44.0%, 88/200), and the average personal annual medical expenditure was mostly non-expenditure (92.0%, 184/200). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of economic sources, employment status, personal monthly income, family annual income and average personal annual medical expenditure between the two groups (P<0.001). The main type of insurance for the observation group was rural cooperative medical care (68.5%, 137/200), and 87.0% (174/200) had no medical reimbursement and a proportion less than 50%. There were statistically significant differences in insurance type and medical reimbursement proportion between the two groups (P<0.001). The respiratory symptoms, activity ability, daily life influence and total quality of life scores of pneumoconiosis patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001) . Conclusion: Migrant workers with pneumoconiosis have low income, high medical expenditure, low medical reimbursement proportion and poor quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to draw high attention from relevant departments and provide timely attention and assistance to improve the quality of life of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis.

Hydrogen intervenes early inflammation of silicosis through the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway / 中国职业医学

{L-End}Objective To study the intervention effect of hydrogen on early inflammation in a rat silicosis model and its mechanism. {L-End}Methods Wistar rats of specific pathogen free were randomly divided into the control group, model group, tetrandrine group, hydrogen group and combined intervention group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the last four groups were treated with a dose of l.00 mL silica suspension with a mass concentration of 50.0 g/L by a one-time non-exposed tracheal method. The rats in the control group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution in equal volume. After 24 hours of dust exposure, rats of the tetrandrine group were given 30 mg/kg body mass tetrandrine by gavage daily, rats of the hydrogen group were given 66.6% hydrogen inhalation continuously for four hours daily, rats of the combined intervention group were given the same interventions as the rats in the tetrandrine group and the hydrogen group, rats in the control group and model group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution in equal volume by gavage. After 14 days of treatment, the lung coefficient of rats was determined, and lung histopathology was performed. The level of malondialdehyde in serum was detected by colorimetry. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, NF-κB phosphorylated p65 (NF-κB p-p65), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase1 (Caspase1) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) in serum were detected in lung tissues by Western blot. The relative expression of NLRP3 and NF-κB p65 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. {L-End}Results The result of pulmonary histopathology showed that the model group had obvious alveolar rupture and fusion, interstitial lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration, and alveolar wall thickening, collagen fibre deposition, and mild fibrotic hyperplasia, compared with the control group. The pathological outcomes of lung tissues in the three treated groups were alleviated compared with the model group, and the alveolar structure was more complete and the alveolar wall was thinner and the fewer collagen fibres in the rats of combined intervention group, compared with tetrandrine group and hydrogen group. The lung coefficient and Szapiel score of rats of the tetrandrine group, hydrogen group and combined intervention group were lower than those of the model group (all P<0.05). The levels of serum malondialdehyde, TNF-α and IL-1β in lung tissues, and the relative expression of NLRP3, NF-κB p65, NF-κB P-p65, Caspase1 and ASC in lung tissues increased in the model group, compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The indexes above decreased in the three treated groups than those in the model group (all P<0.05). The indexes above decreased in the combined intervention group than those in the tetrandrine group and hydrogen group (all P<0.05), except for the level of malondialdehyde in serum and the relative expression of NF-κB p-p65 in lung tissue. {L-End}Conclusion Hydrogen can intervene the early inflammation of silicosis through NF-κB/ NLRP3 signaling pathway.

0ne case report of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

This paper reported a case of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. The patient had a clear history of contact with sick poultry. The clinical manifestations were dry cough, fever and respiratory failure. Chest CT showed consolidation in the lower lobe of the right lung, and a small amount of exudative ground-glass opacity in the left lung. Chlamydia psittaci was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by metagenomic assay. After treatment with antibiotics such as nitroimidazoles and carbapenems, the patient was discharged with a better health condition.

Comparison of Plasma Components between Frozen Plasma and Fresh Frozen Plasma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the plasma components of frozen plasma (FP) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP).@*METHODS@#Twenty samples of FP and 20 samples of FFP from Beijing Red Cross Blood Center were randomly selected. Immediately after plasma melting, 12 plasma components including coagulation factor, fibrinolytic system and anticoagulation protein were detected, including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) activity, coagulation factor Ⅴ (FⅤ) activity, fibrinogen(FIB) level, ADAMTS-13 activity, von Willebrand factor(vWF) activity, D-dimer (D-dimer, DD), fibrin degradation products (FDP), antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS). All these coagulation components between the two types of plasma were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with FFP, APTT in FP was significantly prolonged(t=3.428, P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#FP can substitute FFP in the treatment of some diseases, although it is lack of some coagulation factors and anticoagulation protein.

Analysis of Health Service Utilization and its Influencing Factors among Patients with Pneumoconiosis in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Pneumoconiosis, an interstitial lung disease that occurs from breathing in certain kinds of damaging dust particles, is a major occupational disease in China. Patients diagnosed with occupational pneumoconiosis can avail of free medical treatment, whereas patients without a diagnosis of occupational diseases cannot not claim free medical treatment in most provinces from the government before 2019. This study aimed to analyze the priority of medical facility selection and its influencing factors among patients with pneumoconiosis. A total of 1,037 patients with pneumoconiosis from nine provinces in China were investigated. The health service institutions most frequently selected by the patients were county-level hospitals (37.5%). The main reason for the choice was these hospitals' close distance to the patients' homes (47.3%). The factors for the choice of health care institutions were living in the eastern region (

Sacral neuro modulation for chronic transit constipation: a clinical analysis of 10 cases / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To assess the clinical effects of sacral nerve regulation therapy for patients with chronic transit constipation.Methods:A total of 10 patients were treated with sacral nerve regulation therapy at our department from Jul 2017 to May 2018. The efficacy was assessed by bowel habit diary, Wexner constipation scores, constipation patients' quality of life scale and gastrointestinal quality of life index.Results:Nine patients were implanted with permanent sacral nerve stimulator with the analysis of constipation patients' quality of life scale, the postoperative symptoms were significantly improved compared with those before operation ( P<0.01), and the symptoms of physical discomfort, psychological discomfort, worry and anxiety were also significantly improved after operation, with statistical significance (all P<0.01).The Wexner constipation score was significantly higher after operation ( P<0.01). Conclusion:SNM is a clinically safe, efficacious, simple, minimally invasive and reversible new technique for the treatment of chronic transit constipation.

Clinical analysis on a case of occupational stage Ⅲ silicosis combined with pulmonary tuberculosis and aspergillosis / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of silicosis with pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary aspergillosis. METHODS: The clinical data of a case of silicosis combined with pulmonary tuberculosis and aspergillosis was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The clinical symptoms of this patient were chest tightness, suffocation, cough, expectoration and hemoptysis. The patient was diagnosed as tuberculosis in the local hospital in 2015. Two previous sputum smears of the patient were positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both qualitative analysis of blood tubercle bacilli and sputum smear examination of acid-fast bacilli were negative. Chest computed tomography(CT) showed right lung pneumoconiosis with large shadow, left lower lobe of lung with uneven density and flake shadow, low density necrotic foci, a cavity with smooth wall. Sputum fungal culture: Aspergillus fumigatus(+++); bronchoscopic lung biopsy showed: Aspergillus pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: Low immunity, malnutrition and long-term use of antibiotics and hormones are the high risk factors of pulmonary aspergillosis. It is helpful to combine laboratory examination, patients′ clinical manifestations and chest CT characteristics, and to analyze the condition comprehensively for the early diagnosis of silicosis with pulmonary aspergillosis.

Analysis of 5 cases of occupational asbestos-induced pleural mesothelioma / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of 5 cases of occupational asbestos-induced pleural mesothelioma. METHODS: The clinical features and occupational diagnostic data of 5 patients with pleural mesothelioma caused by occupational asbestos exposure were collected. The occupational history, the occupational hazard exposure history, the length of latency, the clinical features, chest computed tomography(CT) and immunohistochemical staining examination of these 5 patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The median of occupational asbestos exposure length was 8 years and the median of latent period was 30 years in these 5 patients. One patient had been diagnosed as occupational asbestos lung. Typical chest CT findings of asbestos-induced pleural mesothelioma were one-sided pleural effusion, pleural nodules and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The clinical symptoms were mainly chest pain, cheat tightness, and fatigue. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in 3 cases. According to immunohistochemical findings, 4 patients showed that melanocortin, calretinin, cytokeratin 5/6, and cytokeratin 7 were positive, and 3 patients showed that wilms′ tumor nuclear protein were positive. Examination of lung function in 4 patients showed restrictive ventilation dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Most patients with pleura mesothelioma showed insignificant symptoms at early stage. The occupational health surveillance and chest CT examination of occupational asbestos-exposed workers should be strengthened, and early diagnosis should be made as soon as possible to win surgical opportunities.

Analysis of the Irregular Antibodies of the Patients and Its Clinical Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To retrospectively analyze the identification results of irregular antibodies, to clarify the distribution features and to explore the relation of alloantibodies and autoantibodies with the immunized history of patients and disease kinds.@*METHODS@#49 820 patients who applied for red blood transfusion during Sep 1st 2017 to Sep 1st 2018 were selected. All the specimens were screened for the antibody by microcolumn gel antiglobulin technique, which then were identified for irregular antibody.@*RESULTS@#Antibodies were found in 861 (1.73%) of all 49 820 transfused samples. The alloimmunization history of the patients with antibodies was significantly different between male and female (χ=18.54，P＜0.01). The alloantibody was the most common, accounting for 59.50% in all of the antibodies. Warm autoantibody, anti-E, anti-M, anti-cE and anti-Ce accounted for 68.5% of the antibodies. The blood group of Rh, MNS and Lewis were responsible for 92.40% of alloantibody, especially anti-E accounted for the largest percentage(38.60%) of alloantibody. Patients with alloantiboies experienced much more the alloimmunization and transfusion history (χ=20.13，P＜0.01；χ=5.40，P＜0.05) . The distribution of auto and alloantibody was very significantly different among the ddifferent isease (χ=51.8，P＜0.01), Hematopathy, solid tumor and osteoarthropathy were often associated with alloantibody, otherwise, autoantibodies often occurred in hematopathy and autoimmune disease.@*CONCLUSION@#The most important factor that results in antibody-screening positive is alloantibody, in which anti-E antibody from Rh blood group system in most common.

A Single-center Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@# 【Objective】To summarize current situation of multiple sclerosis in South China and provide reference for MS diagnosis and treatment.【Methods】We selected patients of whom the first diagnosis was MS from 2011 to March 2019，and divided them into Adults group and Pediatrics group according to onset age above or below 14. We analyzed them from epidemiology，symptomatology，accessory examinations and treatment situation.【Results】296 patients were admitted into this research. The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.67. Median onset age was 26. Relapsing-remitting MS accounted for 63.2% of all patients. For initial episode，130 patients had motor symptoms（43.9%），118 patients showed sensory symptoms（39.9%），and 55 patients were accompanied with visual symptoms（18.6%）. Statistical difference exists in sensory symptoms（114 vs. 4，Z = -2.155，P = 0.031）and paroxysmal symptoms（4 vs. 3，Z = -3.610，P = 0.000） of Adults group and Pediatrics group. For following episodes，the total relapsing time was 712，with motor symptoms relapsing 380 times（53.4%），sensory symptoms 265 times（37.2%）and visual symptoms 134 times（18.8%）. Statistical difference existed in motor，sensory，visual，other ocular symptoms and paroxysmal symptoms. Positive rate of Oligoclonal bond was 45.5%. Positive rate of MOG-Ab was 16.7%. For brain MRI，periventricular lesions ≥ 9 accounted for 57.4% of all patients，with cortical & juxtacortical lesions 28.1% and infratentorial lesions 0.3%. Patients who had optic nerve lesions accounted for 63.2%. No statistical difference existed in them. For treatment，drugs they had used previously were glucocorticoid（79.7%），beta Interferon（15.9%）and azathioprine（13.9%）.During the study，drugs they were using were glucocorticoid（15.5%），rituximab（9.1%），azathioprine（8.1%）and teriflunomide（8.1%）.【Conclusions】For gender， age，symptomatology and accessory examinations，results of this research are similar to previous papers about multiple sclerosis in Asian. For treatment，the trend indicates that usage of new disease-modifying drugs goes up.

Prediction model for survival in patients with biliary tract cancer: a development and validation study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#The aim of the present study was to investigate the survival rate and its prognostic factors for patients with biliary tract cancer, and then a prognostic risk prediction model was constructed to predict the survival probability of patients.@*Methods@#A total of 14 005 patients with biliary tract cancer (including gallbladder cancer, extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer), who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 in the US National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) were included in the development cohort. The prognostic risk factors of biliary tract cancer were investigated using multivariate Cox regression models. The predictive nomograms were then constructed to predict the overall survival probability of 1, 3, and 5 years, and the predictive discrimination and calibration ability of the nomograms were further evaluated. Meanwhile, 11 953 patients who were diagnosed during 2004 to 2009 from SEER Program were then selected to validate the external predictive accuracy of the prediction models.@*Results@#The 1, 3 and 5-year cumulative survival rates of patients with biliary tract cancer were 41.9%, 20.4% and 15.3%, respectively, in the development cohort. Age greater than 50 years, African Americans and Native Americans and Alaska Natives, higher T, N and M stage and poor histological differentiation grade were risk factors for death, while married status, Asia-Pacific Islanders, insured status and surgery on primary site were protective factors. Gender was not significantly associated with the overall survival. The C statistic of the prediction model was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.72-0.74), and the calibration curve showed that the interaction curves of predictive and actual survival rates of 1, 3 and 5 years were close to the 45 degree diagonal. Results in the validation cohort were similar with those in the construction cohort, with a C statistic of 0.70 (95%CI: 0.69-0.72), indicating high external applicability of the prediction model. Findings from gallbladder cancer, extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer are in consistent with the overall biliary tract cancer.@*Conclusions@#The survival rate of patients with biliary tract cancer is relatively poor, and the survival prediction model based on prognostic factors has high prediction accuracy. In the future, this prognostic prediction model could be applied to clinical practice to guide individualized treatment for patients with biliary tract cancer.

Nac-1 is required for maintenance of multipotency in neural stem/progenitor cells / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To study the regulatory mechanism of Nac-1 on the self-renewal of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Methods: The expression level of Nac-1 was detected by using ESCs-derived NSPCs as the cell model. RNA interference was used to reduce the expression of Nac-1; the interference efficiency was detected by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation and apoptosis of NSPCs were detected by cell counting and flow cytometry. Luciferase assay was used to detect the transcriptional regulation of Nac-1 on c-Myc. Results: Nac-1 was highly expressed in NSPCs, and its mRNA level decreased by 77% after differentiation. Compared with that in the control group, the mRNA level of Nac-1 in the NSPCs of the experimental group was significantly decreased, and the interference efficiency was 69% and 66%, respectively. NSPCs with Nac-1 knockdown showed slow proliferation, increased apoptosis and tended to differentiate, and the mRNA level of c-Myc decreased by 46% and 57% in two Nac-1 knockdown groups, respectively. Luciferase assay showed that the transcriptional activity of c-Myc promoter decreased by 24% and 36%, respectively, suggesting that Nac-1 could regulate the promoter activity of c-Myc gene. Conclusion: Nac-1 can promote the proliferation of NSPCs and inhibit their differentiation by regulating the transcription of c-Myc.

Influencing factors of no seeking medical treatment among pneumoconiosis patients / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To study the causes and influencing factors of no seeking medical treatment among pneumoconiosis patients.@*Methods@#Using stratified sampling method and typical survey method, we carried out the questionnaire survey in nine provinces in China including the east, the medium and the western region using a questionnaire on the seeking medical behavior pf pneumoconiosis patients and the influencing factors. The subjects include occupational pneumoconiosis cases and clinically diagnosed cases and the response rate is 94.3 percent. The data was entered twice with epidate3.1 and error detection and statistical analysis was completed with SPSS 20.0. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.@*Results@#One thousand and thirty-seven subjects were investigated with average age 55.9±11.2 years. Seventy percent of them were silicosis and 21.9 percent were coal worker’s pneumoconiosis with 67.5 percent of them residing permanently in the countryside, and 37.9 percent of their education background were primary school culture and 33.1 percent of them had junior high school culture. Thirty two point six percent of respondents had no personal income with a median monthly income of 1 200 yuan. Four hundred and thirty four of subjects hadn't seek medical treatment since they got the pneumoconiosis accounting for 41.9 percent with three hundred and thirty seven of them hospitalized directly. The reasons of no seeking medical treatment for the respondents mainly include the self-induction symptoms lighter, the high cost of treatment and cannot claiming the payment of the medical expenses, buying drugs in drugstore, thinking that no medicine can cure pneumoconiosis or no effect, complex procedures, too far away from medical institutions, no unaccompanied, needing a long time or no time, communication disorders, etc. accounting for 44.4 percent, 24.6 percent, 10.9 percent, 9.1 percent, 6.9 percent, 4.4percent, 3.2 percent, 2.9 percent, 1.9 percent, 1.5 percent, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed the main characteristics of subjects with restrictions to the outpatient health service utilization are as follows: demographic sociological indicators such as registered permanent residence area is western (ORwestern=2.18, 95%CI:1.38-3.43) , more than seventy five years old (ORover 75=6.82, 95%CI:2.04-22.9) , unemployment, temporary or permanent employment (OR unemployment=1.90, 95%CI:1.17-3.08; ORtemporary employment=3.11, 95%CI:1.57-6.14; ORpermanent employment=2.10, 95%CI:1.18-3.74) , self-rated health score of 50 or above (ORself-rated-70=2.04, 95%CI:1.18-3.51; ORself-rated-90=3.00, 95%CI:1.97-5.37; ORself-rated 90=2.95, 95%CI:1.74-8.07) ; with increase to the outpatient health service utilization are breath with difficulty (OR=0.57, 95%CI:0.41-0.78) , emphysema (OR=0.48, 95%CI:0.26-0.90) , hospitalized with pneumo-coniosis (OR=0.12, 95%CI:0.07-0.20) .@*Conclusion@#Pneumoconiosis patients no covered by injury insurance should be orderly included in the basic medical security system, and be given the medical treatment actively; It should be strengthened the health management for the pneumoconiosis patients and correctly guided the utilization of medical services.

Hospitalized but not admitted and influencing factors for pneumoconiosis patients / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the situation where pneumoconiosis patients who should be in hospital are not hospitalized, to analyze the main reasons and influencing factors for their restricted use of hospitalization medical services, and to provide a reference for relevant policy making.@*Methods@#Subjects were sampled in nine provinces, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Hebei, using a method that combined stratified sampling and typical sampling, from March 2017 to January 2018. These subjects were patients occupationally diagnosed with pneumoconiosis and patients clinically diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. The questionnaire The health seeking behaviors of pneumoconiosis patients and their influencing factors was used as the survey tool to investigate their health seeking behaviors such as going to the outpatient clinic and being hospitalized. Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was used as the analysis model; The χ2 test was used for univariate analysis, and the multivariate logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.@*Results@#A total of 1 037 patients with pneumoconiosis were surveyed, with a mean age of 55.9±11.2 years and 67.5% (700/1 037) living in rural areas for a long time. Occupational injury insurance and medical insurance for urban and rural residents were the main insurances used, accounting for 40.9% (424/1 037) and 59.4% (616/1 037) of the cases, respectively. A total of 177 (17.1%) patients were once advised by the doctors to be hospitalized because of pneumoconiosis, while they did not. The proportion of patients who should be in hospital but did not do so among rural patients was significantly higher than that in urban patients (20.1% (141/700) vs 10.7% (36/337) , P<0.05) . Financial difficulties (12.0%, 124/1 037) and self-rated mild symptoms (3.2%, 33/1 037) were the main reasons for not being hospitalized. Model analysis showed that the propensity factor, ability factor, health needs, health seeking behaviors, and self-rated health factor in the Anderson model were all statistically significant (P<0.05) . The main features of high proportion of patients who should be in hospital but did not do so were as follows: personal monthly income below 1 000 RMB (odds ratio[OR]of no income=2.92, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.14-7.48; OR of less than 1 000 RMB=3.55, 95%CI: 1.35-9.35) , no occupational injury insurance (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.16-3.43) , and concurrent emphysema (OR= 1.98, 95%CI: 1.12-3.50) .@*Conclusion@#Low income, no occupational injury insurance, and concurrent emphy-sema are the main constraining factors for hospitalization services use in pneumoconiosis patients.

Clinical significance of the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in pneumoconiosis patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To determine the diagnosis value and therapy significance of peripheral blood N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in pneumoconiosis patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD) .@*Methods@#A total of 22 pneumoconiosis complicated with CPHD (A group) , 20 pneumoconiosis complicated with coronary heart disease (B group) and 25 pneumoconiosis without heart disease (C group) were selected. The level of blood NT-proBNP was examined and analyzed in the three groups. We observed the difference blood level of NT-proBNP concentration between before and after of therapy in pneumoconiosis patients with CPHD. The optimal cutoff value of blood NT-proBNP was determined according to the principle of maximum Youden's index associated with clinical analysis.@*Results@#Blood NT-proBNP concentrations were 543.19±78.92, 1017.38±731.06, 109.56±57.46 pg/ml in three groups, respectively. Compared with C group, there was a significant increase in the blood levels of NT-proBNP in both A and B groups (P<0.05, P<0.01) , especially for B group. Compared with NT-proBNP 543.19±78.92 pg/ml before therapy, the153.34±58.40 pg/ml was significantly declined after therapy in B group (P<0.05) . The optional threshold for peripheral blood NT-proBNP level as a diagnostic indicator for pneumoconiosis complicated with CPHD was 450 pg/ml. The specificity and sensitivity of NT-proBNP were 95.46% and 54.17%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Blood NT-proBNP level may be useful as a tool for monitoring the effect of pneumoconiosis patients with CPHD treatment with higher sensitivity in. Blood NT-proBNP cut-off >450 pg/ml should be applied in clinical practice as a valuable diagnostic prediction for pneumoconiosis patients with CPHD.

Application of microfluidic chip technology in pharmaceutical analysis:A review / 药物分析学报

The development of pharmaceutical analytical methods represents one of the most significant aspects of drug development. Recent advances in microfabrication and microfluidics could provide new approaches for drug analysis, including drug screening, active testing and the study of metabolism. Microfluidic chip technologies, such as lab-on-a-chip technology, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, organs-on-chip and droplet techniques, have all been developed rapidly. Microfluidic chips coupled with various kinds of detection techniques are suitable for the high-throughput screening, detection and mechanistic study of drugs. This review highlights the latest (2010–2018) microfluidic technology for drug analysis and dis-cusses the potential future development in this field.