Résumé
Background@#Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In patients with CKD-related anemia, an inverse relationship between vitamin D and hepcidin levels has been observed. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis, mediated via binding to ferroportin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cholecalciferol and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on hepcidin levels using 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats. @*Methods@#Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: sham control, 5/6 Nx, 5/6 Nx treated with cholecalciferol, 5/6 Nx treated with omega-3 FA, and 5/6 Nx treated with both cholecalciferol and omega-3 FA. We measured the hepcidin and ferroportin levels in the kidney and liver by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blots. We evaluated hepcidin expression in the kidney by immunohistochemical staining. @*Results@#Among the five groups, 5/6 Nx rats exhibited the worst kidney function. Compared with the sham controls, 5/6 Nx rats showed significantly increased serum hepcidin levels and decreased vitamin D levels. Supplementation with either omega-3 FA or cholecalciferol decreased hepcidin and increased vitamin D levels, with a concurrent improvement of anemia. Furthermore, 5/6 Nx rats treated with omega-3 FA/cholecalciferol showed decreased ferroportin and ferritin levels, while iron and total iron-binding capacity levels increased. @*Conclusions@#Treatment with a combination of cholecalciferol and omega-3 FA may improve anemia in a CKD rat model by decreasing hepcidin levels.
Résumé
Background@#Cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced kidney injury is characterized by renal impairment with inflammatory cell infiltrations, apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypoxic injury. It is not clear whether omega-3 fatty acids (O-3 FAs), which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, affect nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether O-3 FAs affect Nrf2 expression and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects in CsA-induced nephropathy. @*Methods@#Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, CsA-treated, and CsA-treated with O-3 FA groups. Nrf2 expression was measured by Western blots and immunohistochemical staining. @*Results@#Kidney function was impaired in the CsA-treated rats compared to the controls. Caspase-3 and caspase-7 were activated in the CsA-treated group, and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio was higher. O-3 FAs attenuated these apoptosis-related changes. ED-1 and inhibition of kappa B (IĸB) protein expression were significantly upregulated in the CsA-treated group. Compared to the control group, O-3 FA supplementation attenuated the increased expression of ED-1 and IĸB related to inflammation. Smad2/3, Smad4, and transforming growth factor-β1 were activated in the CsA group, and O-3 FA treatment prevented these changes related to renal fibrosis. The expression of Nrf2 was reduced in CsA-treated rats, but Nrf-2 was increased by O-3 FA treatment. @*Conclusions@#We suggest that Nrf2 is a potential mediator induced by O-3 FA supplementation and that it attenuates pro-inflammatory pathways, fibrotic processes, and apoptosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the crosstalk between Nrf2 expression and signals related to O-3 FA treatment.
Résumé
Background@#Statin treatment has decreased the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythrocyte membrane oleic acid level is higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pravastatin on the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (FA) contents in patients with CKD. @*Methods@#Sixty-two patients were enrolled from January 2017 to March 2019 (NCT02992548). Pravastatin was initially administered at a dose of 20 mg for 24 weeks. The pravastatin dose was increased to 40 mg after 12 weeks if it was necessary to control dyslipidemia. The primary outcome was change in erythrocyte membrane FA, including oleic acid, after pravastatin treatment for 24 weeks. @*Results@#Forty-five patients finished this study, and there was no adverse effect related to pravastatin. Compared with baseline, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased after pravastatin treatment. Compared with baseline, saturated FA, oleic acid, and arachidonic acid levels were significantly increased and polyunsaturated FA and linoleic acid (LA) levels were significantly decreased after pravastatin treatment. There was also a decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid after pravastatin treatment in CKD patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. @*Conclusion@#Administration of pravastatin in patients with CKD leads to a decrease in FA known to be protective against the risk of CVD. Omega-3 FA or LA supplementation might be necessary to recover changes in erythrocyte membrane FA contents when pravastatin is used for treating dyslipidemia in patients with CKD.
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Serum myostatin levels are increased according to renal function decline and myostatin may be a main mediator of chronic kidney disease–related sarcopenia. A previous study reported that serum myostatin level was negatively associated with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in older males. The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum myostatin level and AAC among dialysis patients of both sexes. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between serum myostatin level, muscle mass, and bone mineral density (BMD).METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated AAC in the lateral lumbar spine using plain radiography and BMD in 71 patients undergoing dialysis. We classified patients into two groups according to the median value of myostatin as follows: those with high myostatin levels (≥ 5.0 ng/mL) and those with low myostatin levels (< 5.0 ng/mL).RESULTS: The proportion of patients with an AAC score of five points or more was higher among those with low myostatin levels. Myostatin level was negatively associated with AAC scores on plain radiography and had a positive association with skeletal muscle mass and T-scores for BMD measured at the total hip and femur neck. Lower myostatin levels were independently associated with higher AAC scores following adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dialysis vintage, dialysis modality, and osteoprotegerin level.CONCLUSION: Lower serum myostatin levels were associated with higher AAC scores, lower muscle mass, and lower BMD in dialysis patients. Further, prospective studies and those with larger cohorts are necessary to validate these findings.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Densité osseuse , Études de cohortes , Études transversales , Diabète , Dialyse , Col du fémur , Hanche , Rein , Muscles squelettiques , Myostatine , Ostéoprotégérine , Études prospectives , Radiographie , Sarcopénie , Rachis , Calcification vasculaireRésumé
A 77-year-old female patient who was suspected to have had an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction was admitted to the emergency room. She received one unit of type A red blood cells in a type B patient during a total knee arthroplasty operation at another medical institution. ABO-incompatible transfusion was carried out due to an identification error between the patient and blood product. At the time of admission, acute hemolytic reaction, lactic acidosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed. She was admitted to the intensive care unit and received continuous renal replacement therapy. She maintained renal function and was moved to the general ward on the 7th day. Complications such as pulmonary edema, gastrointestinal bleeding, and ischemic colitis persisted, and the patient died on the 111th after admission. This case is the first report of death due to an ABO-incompatible transfusion in Korea. Efforts to establish a safe transfusion environment are necessary not only at individual medical institutions but also at the national level.
Sujets)
Sujet âgé , Femelle , Humains , Acidose lactique , Arthroplastie prothétique de genou , Transfusion sanguine , Colite ischémique , Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée , Service hospitalier d'urgences , Érythrocytes , Hémorragie , Unités de soins intensifs , Corée , Chambre de patient , Oedème pulmonaire , Traitement substitutif de l'insuffisance rénale , Réaction transfusionnelleRésumé
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that a higher resistive index (RI) on renal duplex ultrasonography was related with renal progression and acute kidney injury, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB). We evaluated whether a RI value is a predictive factor for renal progression regardless of ACEI or ARB medication in patients with moderate renal dysfunction. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 119 patients with moderate renal dysfunction that had been evaluated with renal duplex ultrasonography from February 2011 to April 2015. Moderate renal dysfunction was defined as a stage 3 to 4 CKD. Renal progression was defined as a doubling of the baseline serum creatinine (sCr), a decrease of baseline glomerular filtration rate by > 50%, or initiation of renal replacement therapy. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.7 ± 11.0 years and sCr level was 2.1 ± 1.2 mg/dL. The RI ≥ 0.79 group showed a higher incidence of renal progression (P = 0.004, log-rank test) compared with the RI < 0.79 group, irrespective of ACEI or ARB usage. In the Cox proportional hazard model, RI ≥ 0.79 was an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, sCr, proteinuria, and use of ACEI or ARB (hazard ratio, 4.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–22.53; P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: RI ≥ 0.79 on the renal duplex ultrasonography can be a helpful predictor for renal progression in patients with moderate renal dysfunction, regardless of their ACEI or ARB usage.
Sujets)
Humains , Atteinte rénale aigüe , Antagonistes des récepteurs aux angiotensines , Inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine , Angiotensines , Créatinine , Diabète , Débit de filtration glomérulaire , Incidence , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A , Modèles des risques proportionnels , Protéinurie , Insuffisance rénale chronique , Traitement substitutif de l'insuffisance rénale , Études rétrospectives , Échographie , Échographie-doppler duplexRésumé
We report a case of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to multiple alloantibodies. A 41-year-old male with multiple histories of transfusion was admitted for jaundice and oliguria after receiving two units of red blood cells in a local clinic. He showed acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Direct Coombs test was negative and antibody screening test showed strong positive results. Anti-E, anti-c, and anti-Jk(b) antibodies were identified in two panels of unexpected antibody assays. Acute hemolytic transfusion was diagnosed, and he was discharged after 1 month of supportive treatment. Unexpected antibody detection tests, including the antiglobulin phase, should be performed to prevent adverse transfusion reactions by unexpected antibodies. Better precision and quality control are necessary when performing pre-transfusion tests.
Sujets)
Adulte , Humains , Mâle , Atteinte rénale aigüe , Anticorps , Test de Coombs , Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée , Érythrocytes , Alloanticorps , Ictère , Dépistage de masse , Oligurie , Contrôle de qualité , Réaction transfusionnelleRésumé
Elevated lactate levels are associated with acute illnesses, and the mortality is high. Here, we report a case of lactate-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution inducing lactic acidosis corrected by changing to hemodialysis (HD). This 70-year-old female patient was treated with PD 8 months previously for end-stage renal disease caused by diabetes mellitus. She was admitted complaining of general weakness. Initial lactate level was 22.1 mg/dL and increased to 62.4 mg/dL showing high anion gap metabolic acidosis and compensatory hyperventilation. There are no definite causes of lactic acidosis besides the use of PD solutions containing a lactate component. The patient's lactate level was decreased after temporarily changing the dialysis modality to HD. Her lactate level was increased again after restarting PD, and decreased to normal after restarting HD. We report this case because physicians should consider lactate-containing PD solution as a possible cause of lactic acidosis.
Sujets)
Sujet âgé , Femelle , Humains , Équilibre acido-basique , Acidose , Acidose lactique , Diabète , Dialyse , Hyperventilation , Défaillance rénale chronique , Acide lactique , Mortalité , Dialyse péritonéale , Dialyse rénaleRésumé
Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome and relatively well responds with steroid treatment. However, nearly half of patients with MCD experience recurrence of nephrotic syndrome. Thromboembolic events including renal vein thrombosis may occur in patients with MCD, but portal vein thrombosis rarely occurs. We experienced a case of frequent relapse/steroid dependent MCD with nephrotic syndrome progressed to steroid resistance associated with portal vein thrombosis. This patient showed complete remission of MCD and resolution of portal vein thrombosis after treatment with corticosteroid, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and anticoagulant.
Sujets)
Humains , Ciclosporine , Immunosuppresseurs , Néphrose lipoïdique , Syndrome néphrotique , Veine porte , Récidive , Veines rénales , Thrombose , Thrombose veineuseRésumé
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and severe drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome characterized by hematological abnormalities and multiorgan involvement. Liver involvement is the most common visceral manifestation. However, renal failure has been rarely described. The common culprit drugs are anticonvulsants and allopurinol. We experienced a patient with DRESS syndrome with acute interstitial nephritis caused by concomitant administration of quinolone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A 41-year-old man presented with a diffuse erythematous rash and fever which developed after administration of quinolone and NSAIDs for a month due to prostatitis. He was diagnosed with DRESS syndrome. Skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and elevations of liver enzymes improved with conservative treatment and discontinuation of the causative drugs. However, deterioration of his renal function occurred on day 8 of admission. The levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased and oliguria, proteinuria and urinary eosinophils were observed. Ultrasonography showed diffuse renal enlargement. The clinical features were compatible with acute interstitial nephritis. Despite intravenous rehydration and diuretics, renal function did not improve. After hemodialysis, his renal function recovered completely within 2 weeks without administration of systemic corticosteroid.
Sujets)
Adulte , Humains , Allopurinol , Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens , Anticonvulsivants , Azote uréique sanguin , Créatinine , Diurétiques , Hypersensibilité médicamenteuse , Syndrome d'hypersensibilité médicamenteuse , Éosinophilie , Granulocytes éosinophiles , Exanthème , Fièvre , Traitement par apport liquidien , Hypersensibilité , Foie , Néphrite interstitielle , Oligurie , Prostatite , Protéinurie , Dialyse rénale , Insuffisance rénale , ÉchographieRésumé
BACKGROUND: Catheter-related exit site infection is a major risk factor for the development of peritonitis and can contribute to failure of treatment maintenance in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Although povidone-iodine can be used for exit site care, the irritation induced by the local application of povidone-iodine could lead to secondary infection. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical effectiveness of normal saline compared with povidone-iodine as a method of exit site care in chronic PD patients. METHODS: In all, 126 patients undergoing PD treatment for>46 months between January 2006 and December 2009 were enrolled. Data were retrospectively analyzed for the incidence of exit site infection and peritonitis for 2 years prior to and after December 2007. In addition, we identified the incidences of catheter- related infections during follow-ups from January 2010 to December 2013. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 58.87+/-12.9 years. The incidences of exit site infection and peritonitis were one episode per 64.6 patients-months and one episode per 40.4 patients-months in the povidone-iodine group, respectively, whereas these were one episode per 57.5 patients-months and one episode per 45.6 patients-months in the normal saline group, respectively. Whereas Gram-positive bacteria most frequently caused catheter-related infections in both groups, culture-negative infections were dominant in the normal saline group. CONCLUSION: Exit site care using normal saline did not increase the incidence of exit site infection and peritonitis. Therefore, normal saline may be an alternative treatment for exit site care in patients receiving PD.
Sujets)
Humains , Infections sur cathéters , Co-infection , Études de suivi , Bactéries à Gram positif , Incidence , Dialyse péritonéale , Péritonite , Povidone iodée , Études rétrospectives , Facteurs de risqueRésumé
BACKGROUND: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) may induce acutekidney injury (AKI).The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the resistive index (RI), which reflects renal artery resistance on renal duplex ultrasonography, as a predictor of AKI in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who are prescribed an ACE inhibitor or ARB. METHODS: We screened 105 CKD patients evaluated with renal duplex ultrasonography from 2008 to 2012. We excluded patients not treated with ACE inhibitor or ARB and diagnosed with renal artery stenosis. Finally, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 54 patients. AKI was defined as increased serum creatinine by >30% compared with baseline after starting ACE inhibitor or ARB treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 60.5+/-13.0 years, serum creatinine level was 1.85+/-0.85 mg/dL and 22.2% of the patients had AKI after the use of an ACE inhibitor or ARB. The RI (P=0.006) and the percentages of patients with diabetes (P=0.008)and using diuretics (P=0.046) were higher in the AKI group.The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the prediction of AKI was 0.736 (95% confidence interval=0.587-0.885, P=0.013),and RI> or =0.80 predicted AKI with 83.3% sensitivity and 61.9% specificity. In the multivariate analysis, RI> or =0.80 was an independent prognostic factor [Exp (B)=8.03, 95% confidence interval=1.14-56.74, P=0.037] for AKI. CONCLUSION: RI> or =0.80 on the renal duplex ultrasonography may be a helpful predictor for AKI in CKD patients who are prescribed an ACE inhibitor or ARB.
Sujets)
Humains , Atteinte rénale aigüe , Angiotensine-II , Antagonistes des récepteurs aux angiotensines , Inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine , Angiotensines , Créatinine , Diurétiques , Dossiers médicaux , Analyse multifactorielle , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A , Récepteurs aux angiotensines , Artère rénale , Occlusion artérielle rénale , Insuffisance rénale chronique , Études rétrospectives , Courbe ROC , Sensibilité et spécificité , Échographie , Échographie-doppler duplexRésumé
BACKGROUND: Niacin supplementation improves dyslipidemia and lowers serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated whether low-dose niacin supplementation can improve dyslipidemia, lower serum phosphorus levels, and be administered with a low frequency of adverse effects in patients with CKD. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of patients with CKD who had taken niacin from January 2009 to June 2011. We excluded patients with CKD stage 1 and 5. We then enrolled 31 patients with CKD who had taken niacin at a fixed dose of 500mg/day for 6 months. We also randomly selected 30 patients with CKD who had been taking statin for 9 months as a control group. RESULTS: Among the 34 patients with CKD who were prescribed niacin, five (14%) complained of adverse effects, and three (8%) discontinued niacin. The proportion of patients in the niacin group who had been taking a statin or omega-3 fatty acids was 67.7% and 48.8%, respectively. In the niacin group, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased and triglyceride level was significantly decreased at 12 and 24 weeks compared with baseline levels (P < 0.05). In the niacin group, phosphorous level (P < 0.05) was significantly decreased, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 24 weeks compared with baseline values. CONCLUSION: Low-dose niacin had a low frequency of adverse effects and also improved dyslipidemia, lowered serum phosphorus level, and increased GFR in patients with CKD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of low-dose niacin for renal progression of CKD.
Sujets)
Humains , Cholestérol , Dyslipidémies , Acides gras omega-3 , Débit de filtration glomérulaire , Inhibiteurs de l'hydroxyméthylglutaryl-CoA réductase , Lipoprotéines , Acide nicotinique , Phosphore , Insuffisance rénale chronique , Études rétrospectivesRésumé
BACKGROUND: Niacin supplementation improves dyslipidemia and lowers serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated whether low-dose niacin supplementation can improve dyslipidemia, lower serum phosphorus levels, and be administered with a low frequency of adverse effects in patients with CKD. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of patients with CKD who had taken niacin from January 2009 to June 2011. We excluded patients with CKD stage 1 and 5. We then enrolled 31 patients with CKD who had taken niacin at a fixed dose of 500mg/day for 6 months. We also randomly selected 30 patients with CKD who had been taking statin for 9 months as a control group. RESULTS: Among the 34 patients with CKD who were prescribed niacin, five (14%) complained of adverse effects, and three (8%) discontinued niacin. The proportion of patients in the niacin group who had been taking a statin or omega-3 fatty acids was 67.7% and 48.8%, respectively. In the niacin group, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased and triglyceride level was significantly decreased at 12 and 24 weeks compared with baseline levels (P < 0.05). In the niacin group, phosphorous level (P < 0.05) was significantly decreased, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 24 weeks compared with baseline values. CONCLUSION: Low-dose niacin had a low frequency of adverse effects and also improved dyslipidemia, lowered serum phosphorus level, and increased GFR in patients with CKD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of low-dose niacin for renal progression of CKD.
Sujets)
Humains , Cholestérol , Dyslipidémies , Acides gras omega-3 , Débit de filtration glomérulaire , Inhibiteurs de l'hydroxyméthylglutaryl-CoA réductase , Lipoprotéines , Acide nicotinique , Phosphore , Insuffisance rénale chronique , Études rétrospectivesRésumé
PURPOSE: To evaluate the exact prevalence of primary glomerular diseases in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of biopsy proven 1,100 patients with primary glomerular disease in OO Hospital from April 1990 to March 2010. RESULTS: Pathologic diagnosises of 1,100 cases were as follows: IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 557 cases (50.6%), was the most common followed by 200 cases (18.1%) of minor glomerular abnormalities (MGA), 168 cases (15.2%) of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 93 cases (8.0%) of membranous nephropathy (MN), 31 cases (2.8%) of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I (MPGN), 17 cases (1.5%) of focal glomerulonephritis and 7 cases (0.6%) of diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (DMGN) in order. In idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, the most common pathologic diagnosis was minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) (40.2%), followed by FSGS (27.5%), MN (24.2%), MPGN (8.1%) and DMGN (0.5%). When the incidence rates between 1990-1992 and 2008-2010 were compared, IgAN and FSGS increased from 34.7, 12.5 to 47.8%, 30.4%, but MCNS (from 33.3 to 6.5 %) decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: IgAN was the most common primary glomerulonephritis. During the past 20 years, the prevalence of IgAN and FSGS were increased, while MCNS and MN were decreased.
Sujets)
Humains , Biopsie , Études de cohortes , Glomérulonéphrite , Glomérulonéphrite à dépôts d'IgA , Glomérulonéphrite membranoproliférative , Glomérulonéphrite extra-membraneuse , Glomérulonéphrite segmentaire et focale , Incidence , Néphrose lipoïdique , Syndrome néphrotique , Prévalence , Études rétrospectivesRésumé
Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disease characterized by high spiking fever, leukocytosis, high serum ferritin, salmon-colored rash, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. The etiology of AOSD is obscure. AOSD is diagnosed after exclusion of infection, malignancy and other connective tissue diseases. A 53-year-old female patient with membranous nephropathy was admitted with high fever and leukocytosis. She was taking immunosuppressive agents with low dose steroid and cyclosporine to control of proteinuria caused by membranous nephropathy. She was initially treated with antibiotics, antiviral agent and antifungal agent to control of hidden infection. High spiking fever was sustained for 2 weeks and controlled after hydrocortisone treatment. AOSD was diagnosed according to the criteria of Yamaguchi. It should be considered that AOSD is a cause of high fever in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents.
Sujets)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Adulte d'âge moyen , Antibactériens , Arthrite , Maladies du tissu conjonctif , Ciclosporine , Exanthème , Ferritines , Fièvre , Glomérulonéphrite extra-membraneuse , Hydrocortisone , Immunosuppresseurs , Hyperleucocytose , Maladies lymphatiques , Protéinurie , Maladie de Still débutant à l'âge adulteRésumé
PURPOSE: Vascular calcification (VC) scores on simple plain radiographic films are known to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, there is no report comparing VC scores on plain radiographic films according to dialysis modality. We hypothesized that there are some differences of VC scores on plain radiographs for the assessment of CAD according to dialysis modality. METHODS: We recruited 78 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and compared to 61 HD patients. We defined significant VC as any one finding among the abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score > or =5, VC score of the hands and pelvis > or =3, or medial artery calcification of the feet on plain radiographs. RESULTS: The prevalence of CAD and significant VC were not different according to dialysis modality. Every VC score on the plain radiographs was highly correlated with each other, but VC evaluation on plain radiographs by single method overlooked nearly 30% of other significant VC sites in PD and HD patients. AAC score was most useful method for the prediction of CAD as a single VC scoring method. There was no association between VC of the feet and CAD in PD patients. Lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with significant VC on plain radiograph in PD patients. CONCLUSION: Significant VC formation on plain radiographs was not different according to dialysis modality. It is helpful to check several plain radiographs for the decision of CAD evaluation and not overlooking significant VC in both HD and PD patients.
Sujets)
Humains , Artères , Cholestérol , Cholestérol HDL , Maladie des artères coronaires , Vaisseaux coronaires , Dialyse , Pied , Main , Lipoprotéines , Pelvis , Dialyse péritonéale , Prévalence , Dialyse rénale , Plan de recherche , Calcification vasculaire , Film radiographiqueRésumé
PURPOSE: Quantification of the dialysis dose is an essential element in the management of hemodialysis. The author investigates the reliability of hemodialysis adequacy measured by ionic dialysance (Online clearance monitoring(R), OCM). Because OCM is a non-invasive and instantly accessible method, it could be replaced Kt/V derived from single-pool variable volume urea kinetic model (UKM). METHODS: Kt/V using UKM and OCM were measured simultaneously in 51 patients who have received hemodialysis therapy via arteriovenous fistula. The analysis of the data collected from 186 hemodialysis sessions were performed. RESULTS: Kt/V of conventional hemodialysis, high efficiency hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration measured by UKM were 1.39+/-0.24, 1.41+/-0.23 and 1.53+/-0.17, and by OCM were 1.24+/-0.17, 1.26+/-0.19 and 1.39+/-0.19, respectively. The data of UKM were significantly higher than those of OCM (p=0.00). Also, there were strong positive correlations between UKM and OCM in hemodialysis (r=0.80, p=0.00), high efficiency hemodialysis (r=0.65, p=0.00) and hemodiafiltration (r=0.67, p=0.00). CONCLUSION: The Kt/V using OCM measured by ionic dialysance provided slightly lower data than that of UKM derived from single-pool variable volume urea kinetic model, but it may be a reliable test to evaluate dialysis adequacy in conventional hemodialysis, high efficiency hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration.
Sujets)
Humains , Fistule artérioveineuse , Dialyse , Hémodiafiltration , Dialyse rénale , UréeRésumé
PURPOSE: In patients with IgA nephropathy, more than 1 g/day of proteinuria is a risk factor to develop end-stage renal failure. Uncommonly, patients with IgA nephropathy exhibit negative proteinuria on routine dipstick test during follow-up examination, spontaneously or after use of ACEI or ARB. We evaluated whether no proteinuric patients have good prognosis or not. METHODS: 41 patients who had no proteinuria on routine urinalysis for more than 6 months, were classified into spontaneous remission group (25 cases, SR) without any treatment and drug-induced remission group (16 cases, DR) with treatment of ACEI/ARB or both, were analyzed for clinical findings and renal function, retrospectively. We examined spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (Up/c) to evaluate exact amount of proteinuria and GFR was estimated by MDRD equation. RESULTS: Twenty eight percent of cases in SR and 50 percent in DR showed spot Up/c 0.3-1 g/g. After follow-up of 58+/-41 (9-192) months in SR and 79+/-56 (35-192) months in DR, the stages of CKD shifted to advanced levels as follows; in SR group, 11, 10, 4 patients in stage 1 (GFR> or =90 ml/min/ 1.73m2), 2 (GFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73m2), 3 (GFR 30-59 ml/min/1.73m2) to 7, 13, 5 patients, respectively; in DR, 7, 8, 1 patients in stage 1, 2, 3 to 3, 8, 5 patients, respectively. There was a tendency of slow decreasing GFR in both groups but no case progressed to CKD stage 4 and 5. CONCLUSION: Of IgA nephropathy patients with no proteinuria on routine urinalysis, 30-50% of patients have proteinuria 0.3-1.0 g/g on spot Up/c and there was also a risk of progression.
Sujets)
Humains , Études de suivi , Glomérulonéphrite à dépôts d'IgA , Immunoglobuline A , Défaillance rénale chronique , Pronostic , Protéinurie , Rémission spontanée , Études rétrospectives , Facteurs de risque , Examen des urinesRésumé
Cryptococcosis is recognized as one of the most important complications in an organ transplant recipient. Cryptococcosis occurs in 2.5-39% of renal transplant recipients. This infection generally presents as symptomatic disseminated disease with an accelerated clinical course, involves multiple sites including the central nervous system, lungs, and skin. And if diagnosis or treatment is delayed, the prognosis is generally poor. The asymptomatic infection is rare and there are no case reports of asymptomatic disseminated cryptococcosis after renal transplantation in Korea. We experienced a case of asymptomatic cryptococcal multi-organ infection detected incidentally in a 51-year-old male received a living related renal transplant 35 months earlier for end-stage renal disease due to diabetic nephropathy. We treated successfully with amphotericin B and fluconazole and hereby report this case with a review of the relevant literature.