La importancia del sueño en los adolescentes: impacto de variables sociodemográficas y de factores personales / The Importance of Sleep in Adolescents: Impact of Sociodemographic Variables and Personal Factors

Resumen Objetivo: Ante la escasez de investigaciones que traten de manera conjunta el conocimiento, la calidad y la higiene del sueño en el adolescente, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las diferencias y las relaciones que existen entre estas variables en función de características sociodemográficas y personales. Método: A través de los instrumentos Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S) y Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr), se midieron las características del sueño de 140 estudiantes (M = 16,75; DE = 0,75). Resultados: El 89,3% de los adolescentes presentaban problemas de sueño, subyacentes de la mejorable higiene del sueño por parte del 62,2% y de un escaso conocimiento general del sueño. El sexo femenino y el alumnado en cursos superiores presentaron mayores problemas para conciliar el sueño, somnolencia y una baja gestión cognitiva-emocional (p < 0,05). La higiene del sueño (β = - 0,344), la edad (β = 0,154) y el autoconcepto (β = -0,349) son los factores que predijeron significativamente (p < 0,05) la calidad del sueño del adolescente. Conclusiones: La adquisición de una adecuada higiene del sueño se vuelve fundamental para mejorar la calidad del descanso y la funcionalidad diurna en adolescentes, destacando su importancia, sobre todo, en niveles académicos avanzados y en el caso específico de las mujeres.

Abstract Objective: Given the scarcity of research addressing the intersection of knowledge, sleep quality, and hygiene among adolescents, the primary objective of this study is to analyse the variations and correlations among these variables based on socio-demographic and personal characteristics. Method: The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), the Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S), the Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr) were used to measure the sleep characteristics of the 140 Spanish students (M = 16,75; SD = 0,75). Results: Sleep problems were found in 89,3% of the adolescents, underlying poor sleep hygiene in 62,2% and poor general sleep knowledge (SBS = 12,04). Females and students in higher grades presented greater problems in falling asleep, sleepiness, and poor cognitive-emotional management (p < 0,05). Sleep hygiene (β = - 0,344), age (β = 0,154), and self-concept (β = -0,349) were the factors that significantly (p < 0,05) predicted adolescent sleep quality. Conclusions: The acquisition of proper sleep hygiene becomes crucial to enhance the quality of rest and daytime functionality in adolescents, emphasizing its significance, especially in advanced academic levels and specifically in the case of females.

Dietary habits and nutritional status of upper primary school children covered under Mid-Day Meal scheme in rural Punjab

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary habits and nutritional status of upper primary school children covered under mid-day meal scheme (MDMS) in rural Punjab. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted among 336 adolescent (10-15 years) students of 6th to 8th standard randomly selected from 11 government/ municipality schools selected randomly from the total 112 schools rural Punjab in 2018. After taking informed written assent/ consent, pretested, semi structured questionnaire was administered. Anthropometric measurements were taken to establish malnutrition, underweight, stunting, wasting and overweight. Results: Majority (90%) liked the MDMS which was being served to them. There was 96% regularity in attending the school daily with a slightly less emphasis on the cleanliness maintenance (73%) of the children by the schoolteachers. Malnutrition and underweight were 59% and 50% prevalent, respectively. The prevalence of stunting was higher in girls (30%). In boys (154) both the stunting and wasting was 23%, with 5% and 6% prevalence of overweight and at risk of overweight respectively. Whereas in case of girls (182), the prevalence of stunting (30%) was more than wasting (25%) with less girls (3% each) being overweight and at risk of overweight. Conclusions: Regularity and attendance were up to mark due to increased likeliness of the food by majority of the students, though cleanliness should be improved further. Higher prevalence of malnutrition, wasting and stunting was observed which was even higher among girls. Overweight and risk of overweight was higher among boys. Hence, nutritional status was unsatisfactory.

Assessment of awareness among parents about dietary habits and its relation to oral health in children: a cross sectional study

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases which occurs during early childhood and continues to be major public problem. Establishing healthy dietary habits right from a very young age not only improves the oral health but is essential for a child’s growth and development. Since parents are the main caregivers and prime regulators of child’s dietary intake, they play an important role in shaping child’s oral hygiene habits. Hence it is necessary for them to be aware of the right nutrition, right oral hygiene modalities and frequent dental visits for the betterment of child’s overall health. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of children visiting to Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry KAHER’s KLE VK Institute of dental sciences, Belagavi. Subjects were selected according to inclusion criteria. This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted among parents about dietary habits and its relation to oral health in children. Results: This study shows the statistically significant results with effect among parents about awareness of dietary habits and its relation to oral health in children. Conclusions: With the results it can be concluded that children who had parents with low knowledge scores were more likely to experience caries and have poor oral hygiene.

Frequência de sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular e hábitos parafuncionais associados ao estresse em estudantes universitários / Frequency of temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms and parafunctional habits associated with stress in university students / Frecuencia de los síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares y de hábitos parafuncionales asociados al estrés en estudiantes universitarios

As disfunções temporomandibulares são uma série de alterações que afetam os músculos mastigatórios, a articulação temporomandibular e as estruturas associadas. Sua etiologia é multifatorial e inclui fatores como hábitos parafuncionais desencadeados ou intensificados por condições psicológicas como o estresse emocional. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a frequência de sintomas de disfunções temporomandibulares e de hábitos parafuncionais e sua associação com estresse percebido em estudantes de uma universidade pública da cidade de Salvador. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, do questionário anamnésico de Fonseca, da Lista de Verificação dos Comportamentos Orais e da Escala de estresse Percebido. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e a análise estatística realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e do teste exato de Fisher. Participaram do estudo 149 estudantes de Fisioterapia. A frequência de sintomas de disfunções temporomandibulares foi elevada (83,9%), como também uma maior prática de hábitos parafuncionais (55%). Observou-se associação positiva entre os hábitos parafuncionais e os sintomas temporomandibulares. Um alto nível de estresse foi encontrado em 92,8% dos estudantes com a presença de disfunção e em 71% dos alunos com maior prática de hábitos parafuncionais, sendo ambas as associações estatisticamente significativas. Assim, as frequências de sintomas de disfunções temporomandibulares e de hábitos parafuncionais foram elevadas e estão associadas ao estresse percebido em estudantes universitários. Sugere-se a realização de estudos com amostras mais robustas que busquem estabelecer relações de causalidade entre as variáveis estudadas.

Temporomandibular disorders constitute a series of changes that affect the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint, and their associated structures. Its multifactorial etiology includes factors such as parafunctional habits triggered or intensified by psychological conditions such as emotional stress. The purpose is to investigate the frequency of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and parafunctional habits and their association with perceived stress in students at a public university in the municipality of Salvador. Primary data collected by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Fonseca anamnestic questionnaire, the Oral Behaviors Checklist, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Data were descriptively analyzed, and a statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson's chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Overall, 149 physical therapy students participated in this study. They showed a high frequency of temporomandibular disorder symptoms (83.9%) and more frequent parafunctional habits (55.0%). This study found a positive association between parafunctional habits and temporomandibular symptoms. It also observed a high level of stress in 92.8% of students with the dysfunction and in 71.0% of students with more common practice of parafunctional habits, statistically significant associations. This study found a high frequency of temporomandibular disorder and parafunctional habit symptoms, which are associated with perceived stress in college students. It is suggested to carry out studies with more robust samples that seek to establish causal relationships between the studied variables.

Los trastornos temporomandibulares son una serie de cambios que afectan a los músculos masticatorios, la articulación temporomandibular y estructuras asociadas. Su etiología es multifactorial e incluye factores como hábitos parafuncionales desencadenados o intensificados por condiciones psicológicas como el estrés emocional. el objetivo es determinar la frecuencia de los síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares y de hábitos parafuncionales y su asociación con el estrés percibido en estudiantes de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Salvador (Brasil). Los datos primarios se recolectaron de un cuestionario sociodemográfico, del cuestionario anamnésico de Fonseca, de la Lista de Comportamientos Orales y de la Escala de Estrés Percibido. Los datos se analizaron de forma descriptiva, y el análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Participaron en el estudio 149 estudiantes de fisioterapia. La frecuencia de los síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares fue alta (83,9%), así como una mayor práctica de hábitos parafuncionales (55,0%). Se observó una asociación positiva entre hábitos parafuncionales y síntomas temporomandibulares. Se encontró un alto nivel de estrés en el 92,8% de los estudiantes con presencia de disfunción y en el 71,0% de los estudiantes con mayor práctica de hábitos parafuncionales, y ambas asociaciones fueron estadísticamente significativas. La frecuencia de los síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares y de los hábitos parafuncionales fue alta, y estuvo asociada con el estrés percibido en estudiantes universitarios. Se sugiere realizar estudios con muestras más robustas para establecer relaciones causales entre las variables estudiadas.

Sleep quality and associated factors among undergraduate medical students in Delhi

Background: Sleep disturbances are common among medical students worldwide and affects their health and academic performance. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of sleep in undergraduate medical students of Delhi. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 234 undergraduate students from medical college in New Delhi. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and life style details and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to study the quality of sleep. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 25.0 and for qualitative data analysis chi-square test was used. Results: Mean age of study subjects was 21.99±1.74 years and males (67.5%) were more as compared to (32.5%) females. Most of the participants 47.4% were in first and second year, 35.5% were from third and final year and 17.1% were interns. Out of 234 participants, only 44% of study participants has good quality of sleep. Most of study participants (56%) were suffering from poor sleep quality. Batch of MBBS, relationship status, BMI and dietary habits of participants were found to be significant predictors of quality of sleep. Conclusions: This study shows that 56% of study participants were suffering from poor quality of sleep. Professionals and medical students who suffer from poor sleep quality have a higher risk of misjudgements, substance abuse, accidents, burnout, anxiety, and depression. So, there is a need to improve knowledge regarding importance of good sleep quality among medical students.

Hábitos de consumo de yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) en la población del Departamento Central, Paraguay (2022)

Introducción: la yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) constituye un recurso alimentario autóctono, formando parte de la tradición y cultura alimentaria del Paraguay. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios locales sobre los hábitos de consumo y preferencias por los paraguayos. Objetivo: describir los hábitos de consumo de la yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) en el Departamento Central en el 2022. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con datos primarios, realizado en el Departamento Central de Paraguay. Muestreo no probabilístico en racimos. Instrumento de elaboración propia, diseñado como encuesta digital en la plataforma Google Form® (EE.UU.). Las variables fueron agrupadas en datos demográficos, relacionados al consumo de mate, tereré y cocido, procesados en Microsoft Excel® (EE.UU.) y EPI INFO® 7.0 (EE.UU.). Resultados: participaron 207 personas, la mayoría contaban entre 18 a 40 años, sexo femenino (83,22 %, 119), solteros, universitarios. El consumo más frecuente fue mate+ tereré+ cocido (43,96 %, 91) y tereré + cocido (14,01 %, 29). Todos los encuestados percibían más de dos salarios mínimos, y eran trabajadores de tiempo completo. El 81,64 % (169) consumían tereré, 69,08 % (143) mate, 80,23 % (138) cocido. El tipo de yerba más consumido fue la "compuesta con hierbas medicinales", con un promedio de 1,5 Litros diarios. Conclusión: las formas más consumidas son tereré, cocido y mate, el tipo de yerba es la compuesta con el agregado de hierbas medicinales. Se sugieren realizar estudios poblacionales más amplios sobre el consumo de bebidas a base de yerba mate en Paraguay, así como ampliar estudios sobre las posibles interacciones e inocuidad entre la yerba mate con hierbas medicinales.

Introduction: yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) constitutes a native food resource, forming part of the food tradition and culture of Paraguay. However, there are few local studies on the consumption habits and preferences of Paraguayans. Objective: to describe the consumption habits of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in the Departamento Central in 2022. Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study, with primary data, carried out in the Departamento Central of Paraguay. Non-probability cluster sampling. Self-developed instrument, designed as a digital survey on the Google Form® platform (USA). The variables were grouped into demographic data, related to the consumption of mate, tereré and cocido, processed in Microsoft Excel® (USA) and EPI INFO® 7.0 (USA). Results: people participated was 207, the majority were between 18 and 40 years old, female (83.22 %, 119), single, university students. The most frequent consumption was mate + tereré + cooked (43.96 %, 91) and tereré + cooked (14.01 %, 29). All respondents received more than two minimum wages, and were full-time workers. 81.64 % (169) consumed tereré, 69.08 % (143) consumed mate, 80.23 % (138) cooked. The most consumed type of herb was "composed with medicinal herbs", with an average of 1.5 Liters per day. Conclusion: the most consumed forms are tereré, cooked and mate, the type of yerba is the one composed with the addition of medicinal herbs. It is suggested to carry out larger population studies on the consumption of yerba mate-based drinks in Paraguay, as well as expand studies on the possible interactions and safety between yerba mate and medicinal herbs.

The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome symptoms and associated factors among female medical students at Al-Andalus University: a cross-sectional study

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a menstrual disorder defined as a cluster of various physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that negatively affect women’s quality of life. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of common PMS symptoms and determine their association with body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, dietary habits, perceived stress, menstrual flow, family history and family income among medical students at Al-Andalus University in Syria. Methods: A sample of 205 female students were interviewed and filled out a questionnaire. All data were coded and entered into excel (Microsoft 2019). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the association between PMS symptoms and the studied factors. Results: The most frequently reported PMS symptoms were anxiety (80%), bloating (74.6%), and breast tenderness (62.9%). Our study found a significant association between weight gain pre-menstruation and BMI (p=0.02). A significant relationship was found between increased premenstrual consumption of sweets and both breast tenderness and bloating (p=0.01). Daily consumption of coffee was significantly correlated with weight gain and headaches (p<0.001). This study found a significant relationship between smoking cigarettes and abdominal and back pain (p=0.04, p=0.02, respectively). Smoking shisha was significantly associated with fatigue and bloating (p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively). A significant relationship was found between menstrual flow and both abdominal pain and headaches (p=0.01, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: A high prevalence of PMS symptoms was reported in Al-Andalus University female medical students. Additionally, this study found multiple significant associations between BMI, dietary habits, lifestyle, menstrual flow and the severity of symptoms.

Estilos de vida y factores asociados a la automedicación en estudiantes de medicina humana / Lifestyles and factors associated with self-medication in human medicine students / Estilos de vida e fatores associados à automedicação em estudantes de medicina humana

Los estilos de vida adoptados por las personas pueden influir en la automedicación, al afectar sus decisiones sobre el uso de fármacos sin supervisión médica. Objetivo: Indagar en los factores asociados y estilos de vida que influyen en la automedicación en estudiantes de Medicina Humana de la Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, analítico correlacional y transversal. Se aplicó el cuestionario "Automedicación", desarrollado por Espilco y Félix en 2020, a 100 estudiantes, el cual consta de 16 ítems distribuidos en las categorías "Factores" (9 ítems) y "Automedicación" (7 ítems), y ha sido validado con un Alfa de Cbronbach de 0.750. Además, se utilizó un Alfa de Bronbach de 0.943 para evaluar los "Estilos de Vida", que abarcan las siguientes dimensiones: actividad física, salud con responsabilidad, nutrición saludable, gestión de tensiones y relaciones interpersonales. Resultados: Se identificó como factores asociados a la automedicación a: demográficos-culturales, donde el estado civil es el más significativo con una (p=0.0205); sociales, siendo significativo el lugar de accesibilidad del medicamento con una (p=0.0001) y la información del medicamento con una (p=0.0014) y finalmente económicos donde tiene más significancia el ingreso mensual del estudiante con una (p=0.0001). Además, se halló una prevalencia de automedicación del 82%, asimismo el tipo de estilo de vida no saludable (86%) y no hubo relación significativa con la automedicación (p=0.8119). Conclusión: Los factores asociados a la automedicación abarcan aspectos demográficos-culturales, sociales y económicos. Se ha observado una alta prevalencia de automedicación, alcanzando un 82%. No se halló una relación significativa entre el nivel de estilo de vida y la práctica de automedicación en este contexto particular.

The lifestyles adopted by people can influence self-medication, by affecting their decisions about the use of drugs without medical upervisión. Objective: To investigate the associated factors and lifestyles that influence self-medication in Human Medicine students of the National University of Cajamarca. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional analytical study. The questionnaire "Self-medication", developed by Espilco and Félix in 2020, was applied to 100 students, which consists of 16 items distributed in the categories "Factors" (9 items) and "Self-medication" (7 items), and has been validated with a Cbronbach's Alpha of 0.750. In addition, a Bronbach's Alpha of 0.943 was used to evaluate "Lifestyles", which cover the following dimensions: physical activity, health with responsibility, healthy nutrition, stress management and interpersonal relationships. Results: The following were identified as factors associated with self-medication: demographic-cultural, where marital status is the most significant with one (p=0.0205); social, being significant the place of accessibility of the medication with one (p=0.0001) and medication information with one (p=0.0014) and finally economic where the student's monthly income with one has more significance (p=0.0001). In addition, a prevalence of self-medication of 82% was found, as well as the type of unhealthy lifestyle (86%) and there was no significant relationship with self-medication (p=0.8119). Conclusion: The factors associated with self-medication cover demographic-cultural, social and economic aspects. A high prevalence of self-medication has been observed, reaching 82%. No significant relationship was found between lifestyle level and self-medication practice in this particular context.

Os estilos de vida adotados pelas pessoas podem influenciar a automedicação, afetando suas decisões sobre o uso de medicamentos sem supervisão médica. Objetivo: investigar os fatores associados e estilos de vida que influenciam a automedicação em estudantes de Medicina Humana da Universidade Nacional de Cajamarca. Materiais e Métodos: estudo de tipo quantitativo, analítico correlacional e transversal. O questionário "automedicação", desenvolvido por Espilco e Felix em 2020, foi aplicado a 100 estudantes, composto por 16 itens distribuídos nas categorias "fatores" (9 itens) e "automedicação" (7 itens), e foi validado com um Alfa de Cbronbach de 0,750. Além disso, um Alfa de Bronbach de 0, 943 foi usado para avaliar "Estilos de vida", abrangendo as seguintes dimensões: atividade física, saúde com responsabilidade, nutrição saudável, gerenciamento de tensões e relações interpessoais. Resultados: identificou-se como fatores associados à automedicação a: demográficos-culturais, onde o estado civil é o mais significativo com uma (p=0,0205); sociais, sendo significativo o local de acessibilidade do medicamento com uma (p=0,0001) e a informação do medicamento com uma (p=0,0014) e finalmente econômicos onde tem mais significância a renda mensal do estudante com uma (p=0,0001). Além disso, foi encontrada uma prevalência de automedicação de 82%, assim como o tipo de estilo de vida não saudável (86%) e não houve relação significativa com a automedicação (p=0,8119). Conclusão: os fatores associados à automedicação abrangem aspectos demográficos-culturais, sociais e econômicos. Foi observada uma alta prevalência de automedicação, atingindo 82%. Não foi encontrada relação significativa entre o nível de estilo de vida e a prática de automedicação neste contexto particular.

Transgenerational transmission of eating habits

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between the biopsychosocial environment and eating habits and behaviors that lead to the selection and consumption of certain food from the earliest stages of life. To clarify whether there is an interaction between genetic and epigenetic factors, and how they shape eating habits. Data source A narrative review based on research in PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases was carried out over the last 10 years, searching the title and summary fields using the keywords Children OR adolescents Feeding Behavior eating OR Dietary Habits OR Eating Behavior OR Eating Habits OR Children obesity. Data synthesis The generational transmission of eating habits is related to the home, community, and school environments, mainly during the first years of life, and can exert the modulation of habits during all stages of life. During childhood, the family's role in consolidating eating habits is very broad and ranges from choosing foods to prioritizing family meals, including the lifestyle. Conclusions Eating habits are transmitted from parents to children in different ways: environmental, emotional, social, and educational. In cases of obesity, a greater association of genetic influence can be observed.

Change in the trend of diet and lifestyle patterns among Indian children during COVID-19 confinement: a cross-sectional study

Background: To assess the change in the trend of diet and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and their association with various COVID-19-related consequences.Methods: A cross-sectional study that employed a structured 22-item questionnaire through teledentistry to 1500 children who previously visited the dental department of a tertiary hospital in Delhi. The dietary habits lifestyle changes (DHLC-COVID19) questionnaire, which was customized and validated for the study, and their COVID-19 related consequences were administered.Results: A statistically significant decreased intake of certain types of foods, high-carbohydrate snacks with a lower trend in snacking frequency was observed in children during COVID-19. The study investigated the association of variation of food intake in children i.e., 憂o consumption� and 慸ecreased consumption� in relation to family members who lost their job during COVID-19 and depicted significant relation w.r.t families who got infected, lost their life during COVID-19. Determinants of these perceived changes were examined in multivariable regression models, Chi-square test and Mc Nemar test. Moreover, a significant change in lifestyle behaviours was also observed in children during COVID-19. The comparison of weight assessment during COVID-19 and performing/ engaging in physical activity during the period depicted that there was a statistically significant difference in proportion (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the detrimental effects of COVID-19 be taken into consideration when developing and implementing public health policies to protect children's health both during and after the pandemic, especially among vulnerable youngsters on the social spectrum.

A cross-sectional Study on lifestyle factors influencing gastritis and dyspepsia among international students� faculty of medical university

Background: Gastritis is the syndrome associated with the inflammation of the stomach epithelium. Age, dietary pattern, health issues, level of stress, the existence of any other gastrointestinal symptoms, smoking, use of alcohol, and use of over-the-counter medication were considered extraneous variables. The purpose of this study was to determine the lifestyle characteristics that predispose to gastritis among the international students of Grodno State Medical University, Belarus and the results were closely and meticulously analyzed. Methods: A descriptive survey strategy was used to evaluate the variables associated with gastritis. A simple random approach was chosen for this research. Data was collected with the help of a questionnaire in the format of an online Google form and recorded. Responses from 211 respondents mostly aged 18 to 29 years old were collected. The survey focused on gastritis and its connection to lifestyle factors like smoking, stress, and eating patterns. Results: The frequency value for the consumption of processed food was the highest above all with regards to dietary habits in this study followed by consumption of fibrous food, having carbonated drinks, frequency of having coffee/tea per day, and general stress level with their daily workload as well as evidently due to consumption of spicy food. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the incidence of gastritis among the respondents was multifactorial.

Perception and food consumption frequency due to the Covid-19 pandemic among University students in Trujillo City, Perú / Percepción y frecuencia del consumo de alimentos debido a la pandemia del COVID-19 entre estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Trujillo, Perú

Introduction: The confinement due to COVID-19 significantly affected people's food consumption, especially university students who had to adapt to virtual education. Objective: To determine the perception and food consumption frequency due to the COVID-19 pandemic among Peruvian students from a private university in Trujillo City, Peru. Materials and method: The research design was non-experimental, descriptive, and cross- sectional. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 169 students and the instrument used was a virtual survey (Cronbach's alpha = 0.846). Results: It is shown that there is a higher frequency of young people (n = 116) and adolescents (n = 45) who participated in the study, and that the average age was 22.15 ± 3.77 years. Likewise, the Frequency of Consumption dimension, it showed a higher frequency in the "Sometimes" scale, where it is related to whether it exceeded the number of meals per day (34.9%), eating out of control (38.5%), desires to eat unhealthy food (32.0%) and whether it influenced eating (30.8%). Similarly, it was shown that the majority of respondents consumed fruits (68.6%) and vegetables (58.0%) and considered water consumption essential (98.3%). On the other hand, there was a higher frequency regarding the consumption of ultra-processed foods (n = 95, 56.2%). Conclusion: The population of a private university made up mostly of young people and adolescents perceives that there was a change in their diet during the COVID-19 pandemic(AU)

Introducción: El confinamiento por COVID-19 afectó notablemente el consumo de alimentos de las personas, sobre todo de los universitarios quienes tuvieron que adaptarse a una educación virtual. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción y la frecuencia del consumo de alimentos a causa de la pandemia por COVID-19 en estudiantes de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Trujillo (Perú). Materiales y métodos: El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental de tipo descriptivo, y de corte transversal. La muestra no probabilística estuvo conformada por 169 estudiantes y el instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta virtual (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,846). Resultados: Se muestra que hay una mayor frecuencia de jóvenes (n = 116) y adolescentes (n = 45) que participaron en el estudio, y que la edad promedio fue de 22,15 ± 3,77 años. Así mismo, en la dimensión Frecuencia de Consumo, tuvo una mayor frecuencia en la escala "A veces", donde se relaciona a si excedió el número de comidas al día (34,9%), comer fuera de control (38,5%), deseos de comer comida poco saludable (32,0%) y si influenció en la alimentación (30,8%). De la misma manera, se mostró que la mayoría de encuestados consumió frutas (68,6%) y verduras (58,0) y consideró imprescindible el consumo de agua (98,3%), por otro lado, hubo una mayor frecuencia respecto al consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (n = 95, 56,2%). Conclusiones: La población de una universidad privada conformada mayoritariamente por jóvenes y adolescentes percibe que si hubo un cambio en su alimentación durante la pandemia del COVID-19(AU)

Efecto de un programa de autocuidado en hábitos de vida saludable con relación a la obesidad en personal de salud de una institución de tercer nivel / Efeito de um programa de autocuidado nos hábitos de vida saudáveis em relação à obesidade em profissionais de saúde de uma instituição terciária / Effect of a self-care program on healthy lifestyle habits in relation to obesity in health personnel of a tertiary institution

Introducción. A nivel mundial, la obesidad es considerada como un problema de salud pública debido a que afecta a la población de todas las edades, incluso al mismo personal que trabaja en instituciones de salud, situación que repercute en su ámbito personal, familiar, pero sobre todo laboral, causando en el trabajador dificultad para realizar algunos procedimientos, ausentismo laboral, discapacidad parcial o total y/o necesidad de cuidado, entre otros.  Objetivo.  Evaluar el efecto de una intervención de autocuidado en hábitos de vida saludable con relación a la obesidad en personal de salud de una institución de tercer nivel.  Metodología. Estudio cuasi experimental, muestra 30 trabajadores con sobrepeso o algún grado de obesidad de una institución de salud de tercer nivel. Se impartieron 10 temas con relación a la obesidad, para cambiar hábitos deficientes por hábitos saludables, además de 10 sesiones de actividad física.    Resultados. Al final de la intervención, dos personas bajaron el nivel de su índice de masa corporal, una persona con obesidad grado III y una de grado II bajaron a peso normal. En cuanto a las medidas antropométricas posterior a la intervención, hubo reducción en cada uno de los parámetros, referente a la evaluación del cuestionario hábitos de vida saludable, relacionados con la obesidad posterior a la intervención, se encontraron cambios positivos en cada una de las dimensiones. Sin embargo, tanto en la reducción de IMC, así como en las dimensiones del cuestionario, la diferencia encontrada, no fue estadísticamente significativa.  Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que una intervención educativa en hábitos de vida saludable vinculados con la obesidad en personal de salud, son eficaces para contribuir al autocuidado de los trabajadores en el ámbito laboral

Introduction. Worldwide, obesity is considered a public health problem because it affects the population of all ages, including the same personnel who work in health institutions, a situation that has repercussions in their personal and family environment, but above all at work, causing the worker difficulty in performing some procedures, absenteeism, partial or total disability and/or need for care, among others. Objective. To evaluate the effect of a self-care intervention on healthy life habits in relation to obesity in health personnel of a third level institution. Methodology. Quasi-experimental study, sample of 30 workers with overweight or some degree of obesity in a tertiary health institution. Ten topics related to obesity were taught in order to change deficient habits for healthy habits, in addition to 10 sessions of physical activity. Results. At the end of the intervention, two people lowered their body mass index level, one person with grade III obesity and one with grade II obesity lowered to normal weight. Regarding the anthropometric measures after the intervention, there was a reduction in each one of the parameters, regarding the evaluation of the healthy life habits questionnaire, related to obesity after the intervention, positive changes were found in each one of the dimensions. However, both in the reduction of BMI and in the dimensions of the questionnaire, the difference found was not statistically significant. Conclusions. The results suggest that an educational intervention on healthy lifestyle habits related to obesity in health personnel is effective in contributing to the self-care of workers in the workplace

Introdução. A nível mundial, a obesidade é considerada um problema de saúde pública porque afecta a população de todas as idades, incluindo o próprio pessoal que trabalha nas instituições de saúde, situação que tem repercussões no seu ambiente pessoal e familiar, mas sobretudo no trabalho, causando ao trabalhador dificuldade na realização de alguns procedimentos, absentismo, incapacidade parcial ou total e/ou necessidade de cuidados, entre outros. Objectivos. Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção de autocuidado sobre hábitos de vida saudáveis em relação à obesidade em profissionais de saúde de uma instituição de cuidados terciários. Metodologia. Estudo quase-experimental, amostra de 30 trabalhadores com excesso de peso ou algum grau de obesidade numa instituição de saúde terciária. Foram ensinados dez temas relacionados com a obesidade, com o objetivo de mudar hábitos deficientes por hábitos saudáveis, além de 10 sessões de atividade física. Resultados. No final da intervenção, duas pessoas baixaram o índice de massa corporal, uma pessoa com obesidade de grau III e uma com obesidade de grau II passaram para o peso normal. Relativamente às medidas antropométricas após a intervenção, verificou-se uma redução em cada um dos parâmetros, e relativamente à avaliação do questionário de hábitos de vida saudáveis relacionados com a obesidade após a intervenção, verificaram-se alterações positivas em cada uma das dimensões. No entanto, tanto na redução do IMC como nas dimensões do questionário, a diferença encontrada não foi estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões. Os resultados sugerem que uma intervenção educativa sobre hábitos de vida saudáveis ligados à obesidade no pessoal de saúde é eficaz para contribuir para o autocuidado dos trabalhadores no local de trabalho

Diagnosis, etiology, and management strategies of open bite malocclusions

Open bite malocclusion is a condition where the upper and lower incisors do not overlap vertically. It involves factors like structure, dental issues and functional challenges. This review offers an overview of diagnosing, understanding the causes and managing bite malocclusions. The condition is noticeable by the gap between incisors, difficulties in biting and speech and habits like tongue thrusting. In children thumb sucking is often associated with this issue underscoring the importance of intervention. Diagnosis relies on assessments, cephalometric analysis and categorization based on dental or skeletal elements. The causes can be attributed to factors, environmental influences or behavioral habits. Various management strategies are available with treatments playing a role using methods like fixed appliances clear aligners, and innovative temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Surgical interventions such as surgery address discrepancies when necessary. Considering that open bites are age conditions, behavioral modifications along with intervention using orthopedic appliances are crucial for effective treatment. Advanced diagnostic tools like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) contribute to treatment planning. The retention phase ensures stability of results while patient cooperation remains essential throughout the process. Collaboration between orthodontist’s maxillofacial surgeons and other specialists is vital for care. The field of orthodontics is continuously advancing and with research we can expect improvements in our understanding and treatment of open bite malocclusions.

Experiences and implications of promoting healthy eating in school aged children by World Health Organization / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In order to promote the high quality development of school meals, the article systematically analyzes the Policy Report on Promoting Healthy Meals in Schools issued by World Health Organization (WHO), introduces ways of changing the physical environment of meals and adjusting the provision of dietary information, clarifies the five steps of basic research-goals setting-action plans-implementation-impact evaluation, and points out that the development of school meals in China is facing the realistic difficulties such as unreasonable school nutrition structure, unbalanced nutrition supply, low nutritional awareness of students and serious double malnutrition burden. The paper puts forward the enlightenment of reasonable use of nudge to help students develop scientific eating habits, strengthen school health education, and reduce students double burden of malnutrition.

Association between dietary rhythm and depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe the prevalence and association of dietary rhythm and depressive symptoms among adolescents, so as to provide a basis for improving unhealthy behavioral habits,and to promote adolescent physical and mental health.@*Methods@#From October to December 2021, a total of 22 868 students were selected from one middle school and high school in urban and rural areas of eight cities, namely, Shenyang, Xuzhou, Shenzhen, Taiyuan, Nanchang, Zhengzhou, Chongqing, and Kunming cities, China, using a combination of purposive sampling and stratified cluster random sampling. A self administered questionnaire was used to assess adolescents dietary rhythm, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Binary Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the associations between adolescent dietary rhythm and depressive symptoms, while the associations between adolescent dietary rhythm and depressive symptoms across gender and physical activity levels were stratified by gender and physical activity levels.@*Results@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms in adolescents was 44.4%. The respective differences in the detection rates of depressive symptoms among adolescents of different genders, physical activity levels, and dietary rhythm disorders were statistically significant ( χ 2=157.51, 105.02, 3 282.50, P <0.01). Taking the low disordered dietary rhythm group as the reference, binary Logistic regression analyses showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, gender，family location, family economic situation, whether only child, parental education level, and learning burden, physical activity levels, depressive symptoms were positively correlated with adolescents in the moderate disordered dietary rhythm group ( OR=2.63, 95%CI =2.45-2.83) and the high disordered dietary rhythm group ( OR=6.38, 95%CI = 5.93- 6.86). In addition, after stratifying by gender, dietary rhythm were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. The moderate disordered group (male: OR=2.62, 95%CI =2.37-2.89, female: OR=2.67, 95%CI =2.40-2.97) and the highly disordered group (male: OR=5.74, 95%CI =5.19-6.35, female: OR=7.11, 95%CI =6.40-7.89) were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. After stratification by physical activity levels, low, moderate and above physical activity levels among adolescents in the disordered dietary rhythm group (low physical activity: OR=2.91, 95%CI =2.58-3.29, moderate and above physical activity: OR= 2.50, 95%CI =2.28-2.74), high disordered group (low physical activity: OR=6.51, 95%CI =5.94- 7.13 , moderate and higher physical activity: OR=6.18, 95%CI =5.47-6.97) were positively associated with depressive symptoms ( P <0.01). There was an interaction between dietary rhythm and physical activity levels in regard to the development of depressive symptoms in adolescents, taking the group with moderate and above physical activity levels and low disordered dietary rhythm as the reference,the detection rate of which was higher in adolescents with low levels of physical activity and those in the moderate or high disordered dietary rhythm group ( OR=1.50, 3.90, 95%CI=1.39-1.61, 3.63-4.19, P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#Dietary rhythm disorders were found to be positively associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Regular dietary behaviors and increased physical activity play an important positive role in promoting adolescent mental health.

Influence of diet and exercise management combined health education mode on aged patients with chro-nic heart failure / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To study influence of diet and exercise management combined health education mode on aged patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:A total of 124 aged CHF patients treated in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into routine nursing group and combined intervention group(received diet and exercise management combined health education mode intervention based on routine nursing group)according to random number table method.Both groups were intervened for two months.General clinical data,left ventricular end-sys-tolic dimension(LVESd),left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDd),LVEF,6min walking distance(6MWD)and scores of Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire(MLHFQ)and before and after interven-tion were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine nursing group,after intervention,there were significant reductions in LVESd[(44.88±4.90)mm vs.(33.09±3.40)mm],LVEDd[(54.02±5.49)mm vs.(48.80±5.50)mm],scores of emotional[(17.44±4.55)scores vs.(7.89±4.54)scores],physical[(31.69 ±5.73)scores vs.(21.89±6.02)scores]and others[(32.12±4.22)scores vs.(13.00±2.84)scores]of MLH-FQ and total score[(81.25±9.28)scores vs.(42.77±8.05)scores],and significant rise in LVEF[(49.64± 4.81)％vs.(52.32±4.22)％],6MWD[(352.67±28.79)m vs.(449.38±23.82)m],scores of self-care main-tenance[(2.06±0.39)scores vs.(3.26±0.51)scores],self-care management[(6.21±1.07)scores vs.(9.65 ±1.18)scores]and self-care confidence[(1.06±0.26)scores vs.(3.12±0.56)scores]in combined interven-tion group(P=0.001 all).Conclusion:Diet and exercise management combined health education mode can signifi-cantly improve cardiac function,self-management ability and quality of life in aged patients with chronic heart failure.

Clustering analysis of risk factors in high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer in Yanting county / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To investigate the dietary patterns of rural residents in the high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer (EC), and to explore the clustering and influencing factors of risk factors associated with high-incidence characteristics. Methods A special structured questionnaire was applied to conduct a face-to-face survey on the dietary patterns of rural residents in Yanting county of Sichuan Province from July to August 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of risk factor clustering for EC. Results There were 838 valid questionnaires in this study. A total of 90.8% of rural residents used clean water such as tap water. In the past one year, the people who ate fruits and vegetables, soybean products, onions and garlic in high frequency accounted for 69.5%, 32.8% and 74.5%, respectively; the people who ate kimchi, pickled vegetables, sauerkraut, barbecue, hot food and mildew food in low frequency accounted for 59.2%, 79.6%, 68.2%, 90.3%, 80.9% and 90.3%, respectively. The clustering of risk factors for EC was found in 73.3% of residents, and the aggregation of two risk factors was the most common mode (28.2%), among which tumor history and preserved food was the main clustering pattern (4.6%). The logistic regression model revealed that the gender, age, marital status and occupation were independent influencing factors for the risk factors clustering of EC (P<0.05). Conclusion A majority of rural residents in high-incidence areas of EC in Yanting county have good eating habits, but the clustering of some risk factors is still at a high level. Gender, age, marital status, and occupation are influencing factors of the risk factors clustering of EC.

Focus on the dietary behaviors and mental health among multi ethnic adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Unhealthy eating behaviors among adolescents are common, and psychological behavior problems are prominent. The paper examines the status and associations underlying unhealthy eating behaviors and psychological behavior problems in adolescents from border multi ethnic areas, and further discusses the importance of research in border area involving multi ethnic adolescents, and highlights its significance in the context of constructing healthy schools in border areas,so as to provide a basis for promoting effectively healthy school environments in border areas of China.

Association between latent classes of dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among firstgrade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To determine the latent class of dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting mental health among border middle school students.@*Methods@#A cluster random sampling involving 8 500 first grade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey between October to December 2022. The Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess the depressive symptoms and the Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect eating behavior data. The latent profile analysis model was used to fit the latent class of dietary patterns among students. The association between the dietary pattern latent class and depressive symptoms was analyzed by Logistic regression.@*Results@#The depressive symptom detection rate among firstgrade middle school students was 28.3%. Prevalence of depressive symptom in girls (30.9%) was higher than boys (25.5%) with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=29.83, P <0.01). The dietary patterns among first grade middle school students were classified into four latent classes, as follows:class 1 (low consumption of all dietary components), class 2 (high consumption of fruit, milk and dairy products), class 3 (high consumption of vegetables and meat, and low consumption of processed foods) and class 4 (low consumption of milk, dairy products and eggs, and high consumption of processed foods). After adjusting for confounding variables, the class 3 dietary pattern was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR=0.62, 95%CI =0.52-0.74) and the class 4 dietary pattern was positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR= 1.28 , 95%CI =1.05-1.57) ( P <0.05), compared with the class 1 dietary pattern.@*Conclusions@#Multi ethnic first grade middle school students in Yunnan Province follow various dietary patterns. Unhealthy dietary patterns increase the risk of depressive symptoms. The dietary patterns of multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province should be adjusted to promote the establishment of healthy dietary patterns and reduce the risk of depression symptoms in middle school students.