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Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa teve como objetivo analisar, a partir do referencial teórico da Análise Institucional, as informações sobre cuidados paliativos veiculadas nos programas da Rede Globo de televisão. A partir da busca no site Globoplay, foram identificados trinta vídeos relacionados ao assunto entre os anos de 2013 e 2020. Entre outros aspectos, foi observado o predomínio de informações divulgadas no mês de outubro, em programas locais da região sudoeste e presença dos profissionais de saúde como a principal fonte de consulta. A televisão se mostrou um importante dispositivo de divulgação de informações sobre cuidados paliativos com os mais variados sentidos, a saber: espiritualidade, alívio da dor e protagonismo dos sujeitos e seus familiares na busca por um processo de morrer com qualidade. Entretanto, nenhum vídeo citou o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o que demonstrou sua invisibilidade nesse meio. Recomenda-se que os meios de comunicação acelerem a divulgação do assunto e que enfatizem o SUS nos conteúdos divulgados.
This qualitative study analyzes the information on palliative care broadcasted by Rede Globo de Televisão's programs based on the theoretical framework of Institutional Analysis. A search on the "Globoplay" website retrieved 30 videos related to the subject between 2013 and 2020. Among other aspects, information was mainly broadcasted in the month of October and in local southwestern programs, having health professionals presented as their main source of information. Television proved to be an important device for disseminating information on palliative care aspects such as spirituality, pain relief and the role of patients and their families in the search for a quality dying process. However, no video mentioned the Unified Health System (SUS), showing its media invisibility. Media conglomerates should increase the dissemination of palliative care information, emphasizing the role played by the SUS.
Este estudio cualitativo tuvo por objetivo analizar, a partir del referencial teórico del Análisis Institucional, las informaciones transmitidas sobre cuidados paliativos en los programas de la Red Globo de Televisión. A partir de la búsqueda en el sitio web Globoplay se identificaron treinta videos relacionados con el tema entre los años 2013 y 2020. Se observó, entre otros aspectos, el predominio de informaciones difundidas en el mes de octubre y en programas locales de la región Suroeste, y los profesionales de la salud se presentaron como la principal fuente de información. La televisión demostró ser un importante dispositivo de difusión de información sobre los cuidados paliativos con los más variados sentidos, como la espiritualidad, el alivio del dolor y el papel de las personas y sus familias en la búsqueda de una muerte digna. Sin embargo, no se mencionó al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en ningún video, lo que lo invisibilizó en los medios. Se recomienda que los medios de comunicación avancen en la difusión sobre el tema y que se haga énfasis en el SUS en los contenidos difundidos.
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Humanos , Direito a MorrerRESUMO
A fim de conhecer o tempo e a frequência com que idosos se expõem a notícias e informações sobre a COVID-19 por diferentes mídias e relacioná-los com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade, 154 idosos (M = 69,06) do Distrito Federal responderam a um questionário online. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por mulheres, brancas, escolarizadas e com renda proveniente de aposentadoria e/ou pensão. Constatou-se que a televisão foi o meio de comunicação mais utilizado pelos participantes, seguido pelas redes sociais. Ao considerar características demográficas, idosos mais jovens (60 a 74 anos) e com ensino superior completo apresentaram maior exposição a notícias por meio das redes sociais do que os mais velhos e com menor escolaridade. Idosos com rastreio para depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada permaneceram mais horas expostos a informações sobre a COVID-19 veiculadas pela televisão que idosos não rastreados. Além disso, aqueles com rastreio para depressão relataram maior frequência de exposição a esse conteúdo pela televisão e pelas redes sociais. Os resultados deste estudo revelam a necessidade de planejamento de medidas de promoção e prevenção em saúde específicas para a população idosa a fim de lidar com as consequências da pandemia e, especialmente, infodemia de COVID-19.
Para conocer el tiempo y la frecuencia con que los ancianos están expuestos a noticias e informaciones sobre el COVID-19 por diferentes medios de comunicación y relacionarlos con los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad, 154 ancianos (m = 69,06) del Distrito Federal respondieron a un cuestionario online. La muestra estaba compuesta mayoritariamente por mujeres, de raza blanca, con estudios y con ingresos por jubilación y/o pensión. Se comprobó que la televisión era el medio de comunicación más utilizado por los participantes, seguido de las redes sociales. Teniendo en cuenta las características demográficas, los más jóvenes (60 a 74 años) y con estudios superiores completos presentan una mayor exposición a las noticias a través de las redes sociales que los más mayores y con menor escolaridad. Los ancianos con cribado de depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada permanecieron más horas expuestos a la información sobre COVID-19 emitida por televisión que los ancianos no cribados. Además, los que se sometieron a pruebas de detección de la depresión informaron de una mayor frecuencia de exposición a este contenido por parte de la televisión y los medios sociales. Los resultados de este estudio revelan la necesidad de planificar medidas de promoción de la salud y de prevención específicas para la población de edad avanzada con el fin de hacer frente a las consecuencias de la pandemia y, especialmente, de la infodemia de COVID-19.
In order to know the time and frequency with which elderly are exposed to news and information about COVID-19 through different media and relate them with depressive and anxiety symptoms, 154 elderly (M = 69.06) from Distrito Federal answered an online questionnaire. The sample was composed mostly of women, white, educated, and with income from retirement and/or pension. It was found that television was the media most used by participants, followed by social networks. Considering demographic characteristics, younger elders (60 to 74 years old) and with complete college education had more exposure to news through social networks than the older ones and with less education. Elderly with screening for depression and generalized anxiety disorder remained exposed more hours to information about COVID-19 broadcast on television than unscreened elderly. In addition, those with screening for depression reported greater frequency of exposure to this content on television and social media. The results of this study reveal the need for health promotion and prevention measures planning specific to the elderly population to deal with the consequences of the pandemic and especially infodemic of COVID-19.
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RESUMEN Ante la caída de las coberturas vacunales y la circulación informativa sobre salud, las conversaciones en el entorno público/mediático digital constituyen un ámbito de estudio relevante para el campo de la comunicación en salud. A través de un estudio cualitativo, basado en el análisis de publicaciones del gobierno, la prensa digital y las redes sociales, caracterizamos la conversación pública sobre vacunas -en términos de temas, momentos, ejes y encuadres en Argentina en el período 2020-2021- signada por el debate sobre las vacunas covid-19. Los resultados muestran que la conversación pública se centralizó en la vacunación contra el covid-19, se estructuró en dos momentos diferenciados (producción de vacunas y campaña de vacunación) y bajo encuadres morales sustentados en la vacunación como práctica de cuidado y la ciencia como voz autorizada. En simultáneo, las dudas sobre la seguridad y eficacia de las vacunas estructuraron argumentos de reticencia vacunal, que entendemos como parte de prácticas extendidas, asociadas con las desconfianzas hacia las instituciones y reinterpretaciones del conocimiento científico y del cuidado.
ABSTRACT In the face of declining vaccination coverage and the dissemination of health-related information, conversations in the public/mediatic digital sphere constitute a relevant study area for the field of health communication. Through a qualitative study based on the analysis of government publications, digital press, and social media, we characterize the public conversation on vaccines - in terms of topics, moments, axes, and framings in Argentina during the 2020-2021 period - marked by the debate on covid-19 vaccines. The results show that public conversation focused on covid-19 vaccination, structured in two distinct moments (vaccine production and vaccination campaign), and under moral framings grounded in vaccination as a care practice and science as an authoritative voice. Simultaneously, doubts about the safety and efficacy of vaccines shaped arguments of vaccine hesitancy, which we understand as part of extended practices associated with distrust towards institutions and reinterpretations of scientific knowledge and care.
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ABSTRACT Objective This survey aims atreviewing the journalistic narratives of the newspaper Folha de São Paulo (digital edition) about hunger in Brazil during the 2020 pandemic period. It is known that journalism plays an important role in keeping the public informed and in helping to contribute to the shaping of society's opinion. Despite hunger being a structural phenomenon in this country, little is published in the mainstream media discussing the magnitude of the problem and the articulation of measures taken in the three government spheres (federal, state and municipal), to ensure access to food to the most vulnerable populations. Method News excerpts addressing hunger as the main topic were selected from Folha de São Paulo daily newspaper and were highlighted based on reading keys (n=11, published between March and December 2020). Results In all the selected articles, the newspaper addressed the cause of hunger from the perspective of the pandemic (passing event and manifestation). Issues linked to the economic and social crisis experienced in the country were not emphasized. This form of covering hunger in news articles can enhance the idea that the poor are the result of the currently spreading fatality. Conclusion Finally, from these first results we could infer that the newspaper, when addressing hunger in Brazil in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, sought to construct a biased reality that hunger was derived from the health crisis, at the same time that it presents the hungry people narratives as a discursive strategy to sensitize the reader to Folha de São Paulo intentions.
RESUMO Objetivo A nota tem como objetivo examinar as narrativas jornalísticas do jornal Folha de São Paulo (digital) sobre a fome no Brasil, no período pandêmico de 2020, uma vez que se compreende que as narrativas jornalísticas têm um papel importante na formação de opinião da sociedade. Apesar da fome ser um fenômeno estrutural no país, pouco se vê nos grandes meios de comunicação o debate sobre a magnitude dos problemas e articulação de medidas governamentais nas três esferas de gestão (federal, estadual e municipal), que possam assegurar o acesso à alimentação adequada e saudável dos mais vulneráveis. Método Foram selecionadas notícias na Folha de São Paulo que tratavam da fome como pauta principal, sendo analisadas com base em chaves de leitura (n=11, divulgadas entre março e dezembro de 2020). Resultados Em todas as matérias selecionadas o jornal abordou a causa da fome a partir da perspectiva da pandemia (acontecimento e manifestação passageira). As questões vinculadas à crise econômica e social vivenciada no país não foram enfatizadas. A forma de acionar os famintos nas matérias pode reforçar a ideia de que os pobres são fruto da fatalidade que se propaga. Conclusão Por fim, os resultados iniciais permitem inferir que o jornal ao editar a fome no Brasil, no primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19, procurou construir uma realidade enviesada de que a fome é derivada de uma crise sanitária ao mesmo tempo que apresenta as narrativas dos famintos como estratégia discursiva para sensibilizar o leitor em relação às suas intenções.
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Fome , Notícias , Jornais como Assunto , Brasil , Insegurança Alimentar , COVID-19/complicações , GovernoRESUMO
Objetivos: identificar e descrever as notícias sobre erros de medicação ocorridos no Brasil e divulgados na mídia digital brasileira. Metodológia: pesquisa de caráter exploratório, com dados coletados em notícias de mídias digitais do Brasil entre 2015 e 2019. A busca das notícias sobre erros de medicação foi realizada no Google®. Os casos divulgados na mídia foram descritos conforme o tipo e a classificação do erro, medicamento e profissional envolvido na ocorrência do erro, características do paciente que sofreu o erro e local onde o erro ocorreu. Resultados: dos 20 erros noticiados identificados na busca, foram encontrados 11 casos de erros com morte (55,0%), seis casos de erros com dano (30,0%) e três casos de erros sem danos (15,0%). Dos 23 pacientes envolvidos nos erros, 14 pertenciam a grupos de extremos etários, sendo nove pacientes pediátricos (39,1%) e cinco pacientes geriátricos (21,8%). Quanto ao tipo de erro, quatro casos noticiados envolvendo erros de prescrição (20,0%), cinco reportando erros de dispensação (25,0%), 10 erros de administração (50,0%), e um envolvendo erro de dispensação e administração concomitantemente (5,0%). Dentre os 11 casos de erros com morte do paciente, oito traziam a informação sobre qual medicamento estava envolvido no erro, sendo seis deles considerados medicamentos potencialmente perigosos (MPP). Conclusão: os resultados do presente estudo apontam para a necessidade de implementação de melhorias nos estabelecimentos de saúde em geral farmácias, drogarias, hospitais, centros de saúde no que tange a prevenção de erros de medicação. Para isso, devem ser priorizadas iniciativas envolvendo os sistemas de medicação com elevada efetividade, sobretudo em contextos de situações de alto risco como uso de MPP e cuidado a pacientes em extremos etários
Aims: to identify and describe the news about medication errors that occurred in Brazil and were published in the Brazilian digital media. Methods: exploratory research, with data collected in news from digital media in Brazil, between 2015 and 2019. The search for news about medication errors was carried out on Google®. The cases published in the media were described according to the type and classification of the error, medication and professional involved in the occurrence of the error, characteristics of the patient who suffered the error and place where the error occurred. Results: of the 20 reported errors identified in the search, 11 cases of errors with death (55.0%), six cases of errors with harm (30.0%) and three cases of errors without harm (15.0%) were found. Of the 23 patients involved in the errors, 14 belonged to extreme age groups, nine pediatric patients (39.1%) and five geriatric patients (21.8%). As for the type of error, four reported cases involving prescription errors (20.0%), five reporting dispensing errors (25.0%), 10, administration errors (50.0%) and one involving concurrent dispensing and administration error (5.0%). Among the 11 cases of errors resulting in patient death, eight contained information about which medication was involved in the error, six of which were considered high alert medications. Conclusions: the results of this study point to the need to implement improvements in health institutions in general - pharmacies, drugstores, hospitals, health centers - with regard to the prevention of medication errors. For this, initiatives involving medication systems with high effectiveness should be prioritized, especially in contexts of high-risk situations such as the use of high alert medications and care for patients at extremes of age
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Humanos , NotíciasRESUMO
Objective@#To understand the impact of social media usage on the human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccination willingness among college students in Xinjiang, so as to provide a theoretical basis for early prevention of HPVrelated diseases and preventive education.@*Methods@#From March to April 2022, a total of 834 college students were selected from three universities including Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang Normal University and Xinjiang Medical University by stratified cluster random sampling method for online and offline surveys. The demographic characteristics, social media usage, risk perception, HPV vaccination willingness were obtained through questionnaires, and the Logistic regression analysis method was used to explore the role of HPV vaccine risk perception between social media use and HPV vaccination willingness of college students.@*Results@#Associations were found between social media use (contact intensity, satisfaction, trust), risk perception (risk perception disorder, risk perception benefit) and HPV vaccination willingness among college students (r=0.37, 0.34, 0.35; 0.25, 0.31, P<0.05). Risk perception benefit had an intermediary effect between social media contact intensity, social media satisfaction, social media trust and HPV vaccination willingness, and the intermediary effects were 0.03 (95%CI=0. 01-0.06), 0.04(95%CI=0.02-0.07), 0.04(95%CI=0.01-0.06),and the proportions of intermediary effect were 18.00%, 26.35%, 23.00%, respectively.Risk perception disorder had an intermediary effect between social media satisfaction and HPV vaccination willingness [0.02 (95%CI=0.00-0.04)], and the intermediary effect accounts for 11.36%.@*Conclusions@#Risk perception benefit is the most important related factors of HPV vaccine willingness, which plays an intermediary effect between social media usage and the willingness to HPV vaccination. HPV publicity and education should be strengthened on social media platforms to promote HPVrelated knowledge and awareness of active prevention of HPV infection among college students.
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Abstract@#In recent years, much attention has been paid on possible impact of social media on adolescents suicidal and selfinjurious behaviors, and their relationship and mechanism of action which would be clarified are crucial for suicide prevention work of adolescents. The review mainly summarizes the conceptualization of social media and suicide/selfinjurious behaviors, as well as the directions and mechanisms of their associations. It points out further steps to prevent suicide for those internet aborigines among adolescents, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical direction for future suicide prevention work.
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Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas por canales de la televisión peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo. La unidad de análisis fueron las noticias de suicidio emitidas por ocho canales de televisión peruana durante los años 2020 y 2021. Las noticias se clasificaron en tres categorías: noticias sobre suicidio, intento de suicidio y prevención del suicidio. Se utilizó un instrumento de evaluación compuesto por las recomendaciones de la OMS. Resultados. Se analizaron un total de 126 noticias. Ninguna de estas noticias cumplió en su totalidad con las recomendaciones de la OMS. Las noticias sobre suicidio o intento de suicidio cumplieron con 4 de 13 recomendaciones, siendo la recomendación más acatada la de evitar publicar notas suicidas (97,4%), mientras que la menos cumplida fue la de instruir a la población sobre el suicidio y su prevención, y no difundir mitos (0,9%). Las noticias de prevención de suicidio cumplieron 5 de 7 recomendaciones. Conclusiones. Las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas en la televisión peruana en los años 2020 y 2021 mostraron un bajo cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la OMS. Los profesionales de la comunicación tienen un rol fundamental en la prevención del suicidio, limitando la información sensible y difundiendo información de ayuda. Es fundamental el conocimiento de estas recomendaciones por los comunicadores, y el trabajo conjunto entre el equipo periodístico y los profesionales de la salud mental en la comunicación de noticias relacionadas con el suicidio.
Objective. To determine if suicide news reports broadcasted by Peruvian television channels comply with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for reporting suicide news. Materials and methods. Quantitative and descriptive study. The unit of analysis was the suicide news broadcasted by eight Peruvian television channels during the years 2020 and 2021. News were classified into three categories: news about suicide, attempted suicide and suicide prevention. We used an evaluation instrument composed of WHO recommendations. Results. A total of 126 news reports were analyzed; but none of these complied fully with the WHO recommendations. The news reports on suicide or attempted suicide complied with 4 of 13 recommendations. Most reports complied with avoiding to publish suicide notes (97.4%); on the other hand, educating about suicide and its prevention, and not disseminating myths was the recommendation least complied with (0.9%). Suicide prevention news reports complied with 5 of 7 recommendations. Conclusions. Suicide news reports on Peruvian television in 2020 and 2021 showed low compliance with WHO recommendations. Communication professionals have a fundamental role in suicide prevention, limiting sensitive information and disseminating helpful information. It is essential for communicators to be aware of these recommendations and for the journalism team and mental health professionals to work together in the communication of news related to suicide.
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Organização Mundial da Saúde , Saúde Pública , Meios de ComunicaçãoRESUMO
Introducción: en las instituciones pertenecientes al Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba, la forma habitual de registrar el control de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación ha sido mediante hojas de Excel, procesadores de texto y fichas técnicas impresas. El control informatizado ofrece ventajas, pero las aplicaciones informáticas existentes a nivel mundial son costosas o no adaptables a los requerimientos. Objetivo: desarrollar una herramienta informática para el control institucional de medios informáticos, ofimáticos y de comunicaciones. Materiales y Métodos: investigación de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica, realizada durante 2018 y 2019, en dos etapas: 1) trabajo de mesa, definición de objetivos y establecimiento de pre-requisitos; 2) desarrollo de la aplicación, siguiendo la política de utilización de software libre. Las pruebas de funcionamiento y la evaluación se realizaron en la empresa MEDICuba S.A. Resultados: se desarrolló y registró una aplicación para el Control Informatizado de Medios de Informática, Ofimática y Comunicaciones (CIMIOC), con interfaz web, base de datos centralizada y un diseño adaptable a varios tipos de dispositivos. Permite registrar cualquier recurso de este tipo, su historial de movimiento, el estado técnico, los programas de mantenimiento y salvas de información, y ofrece diferentes reportes estadísticos. Conclusiones: la herramienta informática CIMIOC ofrece una solución robusta y económica para la gestión de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, aplicable a cualquier institución. Facilita de manera objetiva el establecimiento de políticas que tributen a elevar los niveles de calidad en los servicios asociados a la utilización intensiva de estas tecnologías. Se recomienda generalizar la implantación en el Sistema Nacional de Salud.
Introduction: in the institutions belonging to the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba, the usual way of recording the control of Information and Communication Technologies has been through Excel sheets, word processors and printed technical sheets. Computerized control offers advantages, but existing computer applications worldwide are expensive or not adaptable to the requirements. Objective: to develop a computer tool for the institutional control of computer, office and communications media. Materials and Methods: technological development and innovation research, carried out during 2018 and 2019, in 2 stages: 1) table work, definition of objectives and establishment of pre-requisites. 2) development of the application, following the policy of use of free software. The performance tests and the evaluation were carried out in the company MEDICuba S.A. Results: an application for the Computerized Control of Informatics, Office Automation and Communications Media (CIMIOC) was developed and registered, with a web interface, centralized database and a design adaptable to various types of devices. It allows recording any resource of this type, its movement history, technical status, maintenance programs and information saves, and offers different statistical reports. Conclusions: the CIMIOC computer tool offers a robust and economical solution for ICT management, applicable to any institution. It objectively facilitates the establishment of policies that contribute to raising quality levels in services associated with the intensive use of ICT. Authors recommend to generalize the implementation in the National Health System.
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Background & objectives: Information and communications technology (ICT) has often been endorsed as an effective tool to improve primary healthcare. However, evidence on the cost of ICT-enabled primary health centre (PHC) is lacking. The present study aimed at estimating the costs for customization and implementation of an integrated health information system for primary healthcare at a public sector urban primary healthcare facility in Chandigarh. Methods: We undertook economic costing of an ICT-enabled PHC based on health system perspective and bottom-up costing. All the resources used for the provision of ICT-enabled PHC, capital and recurrent, were identified, measured and valued. The capital items were annualized over their estimated life using a discount rate of 3 per cent. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of parameter uncertainties. Finally, we assessed the cost of scaling up ICT-enabled PHC at the state level. Results: The estimated overall annual cost of delivering health services through PHC in the public sector was ? 7.88 million. The additional economic cost of ICT was ? 1.39 million i.e. 17.7 per cent over and above a non-ICT PHC cost. In a PHC with ICT, the cost per capita increased by ? 56. On scaling up to the state level (with 400 PHCs), the economic cost of ICT was estimated to be ? 0.47 million per year per PHC, which equates to approximately six per cent expenditure over and above the economic cost of a regular PHC. Interpretation & conclusions: Implementing a model of information technology-PHC in a state of India would require an augmentation of cost by about six per cent, which seems fiscally sustainable. However, contextual factors related to the availability of infrastructure, human resources and medical supplies for delivering quality PHC services will also need to be considered.
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Resumen Los procesos de digitalización del siglo XX extendieron el uso de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación al campo de la salud. El artículo aborda la Historia Clínica Electrónica a partir de las críticas y debilidades señaladas por especialistas en Clínica Médica, Medicina General y/o de Familia del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El diseño metodológico cualitativo incluyó 43 entrevistas realizadas entre junio de 2019 y marzo de 2020. El andamiaje teórico interpretativo articula tres campos: Comunicación y Salud; Biomedicina, Biopolítica y Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación; Subjetividad, Derechos y Género. Los principales resultados conciernen a cambios en las relaciones médico-paciente, registro y uso de datos, implicancias sobre los derechos y las subjetividades, potencialidades y problemáticas de la informatización en salud en un contexto de precaria infraestructura, desafíos en la regulación y desigualdades estructurales.(AU)
Abstract Digitalization has extended the use of information and communications technologies in the field of health. This article addresses electronic medical records drawing on the criticisms and weaknesses highlighted by clinical specialists, general practitioners, and family doctors working in the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The qualitative research design included 43 interviews conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. We developed an interpretive framework structured around three categories: communications and health; biomedicine, biopolitics and information and communication technologies; subjectivity, rights and gender. The main results refer to: changes in doctor-patient relations; data recording and usage; implications for rights and subjectivities; potential and challenges of health informatization in a context of precarious infrastructure; and regulatory challenges and structural inequalities.(AU)
Resumo Os processos de digitalização do século XX estenderam o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação ao campo da saúde. O artigo aborda o Registro Médico Eletrônico a partir das críticas e fragilidades apontadas por especialistas em Clínica Médica, Medicina Geral e / ou Família da Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. O desenho metodológico qualitativo incluiu 43 entrevistas realizadas entre junho de 2019 e março de 2020. O referencial teórico interpretativo articula três campos: Comunicação e Saúde; Biomedicina, Biopolítica e Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação; Subjetividade, Direitos e Gênero. Os principais resultados referem-se a mudanças nas relações médico-paciente, registro e uso de dados, implicações em direitos e subjetividades, potencialidades e problemas de informatização em saúde em um contexto de infraestrutura precária, desafios na regulação e desigualdades estruturais.(AU)
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Objective:To characterize the brain network dynamics of flexible social cognition in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder-preschoolers (ASD-p) via analyzing the temporal dynamics of resting-state functional connectivity, and to provide a new perspective for understanding the potential neural mechanisms of their social communications impairment.Methods:Totally 60 ASD-p children(ASD-p group) and 60 matched typical developmental children (TD group) were included from the outpatient department of Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from October to December 2018.Group independent component analysis and sliding window analysis were used to study dynamic functional connectivity based on MATLAB 2013b platform. Finally, k-means cluster analysis was performed to identify distinct functional connectivity states based on the spatial similarity of each functional connectivity pattern, so as to analyze the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity.SPSS 21.0 software was used for data analysis.Results:Dynamic functional connectivity analysis finally identified three distinct connectivity configurations: an infrequent and more strongly connected state Ⅰ, a more frequent and hypo-connected state Ⅱ, and a relatively frequent and hyper-connected state Ⅲ. The fractional windows of the hypo-connected state Ⅱ in the ASD-p group decreased by 48.04% compared to the TD group, and the fractional windows of states Ⅰ and Ⅲ increased by 22.01% and 32.39%, respectively. The mean dwell time of state Ⅱ in the ASD-p group decreased by 74.89 windows, while the mean dwell time of states Ⅰ and Ⅲ increased by 22.55 windows and 14.84 windows, respectively( Z=-6.080, 6.991, -6.107, all P<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). The number of transitions in different states of ASD-p was significantly more than that of the TD group ((6.63±3.25)times, (2.65±2.56)times, Z=-6.296, P<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Spearman correlation analysis showed that ASD-p social communications impairments was negatively correlated with the mean dwell time of state Ⅱ( r=-0.263, P<0.05), and positively correlated with the number of network state transitions( r=0.272, P<0.05). Conclusion:The fractional windows and mean dwell time of strongly connected state I and stronger connected state Ⅲ increase proportionally, and the number of transitions increases in ASD-p patients. Dynamic functional connectivity characteristics related to the core symptoms of ASD-p may be used as a reliable neuroimaging biomarker.
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Objective@#To understand the impact of social short form videos on the health of college students, and to provide a basis for health education.@*Methods@#A total of 1 369 college students in 5 universities from Songjiang University Town in Shanghai, participated in this study. A cluster sampling method was employed and questionnaires were designed using a short video social media dependence scale and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90). Data were analyzed and processed by independent sample t test.@*Results@#Participants who were dependent on social short form videos accounted for 31.99%, and significant differences in mental and physical health were found between participants who were dependent on short video use and those who were not dependent. Among short video use dependents, scores corresponding to negative mental health symptoms, such as anxiety (1.73±0.67), were higher than those in the non dependent group (1.64±0.42). Furthermore, scores corresponding to smoking, drinking, eating sweet food (1.88±0.40, 1.91±0.32, 2.15±0.51) and other physiological health factors were higher in the dependent group than the non dependent group (1.70±0.33, 1.79±0.29, 1.54±0.47)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The use of short video social media platforms has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of college students. It is suggested that the critical ability of short video media through psychological counseling, strengthen the check ability of short video social media platforms, so as to help college students to develop coping strategies to diminish their dependence on short video social media.
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Abstract@#Fear of missing out is an emerging type of anxiety disorder in the context of the Internet and has showed significant impacts on physical and mental health of college students. The review provides an overview on the connotation, extension, and adverse effects, as well as potential underlying mechanisms of fear of missing out in mobile social media among college students, which aims to highlight future attention, as well as prevention and intervention reference on fear of missing out in college students.
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Abstract@#Social media use and mental health problems in adolescents have long been a concern, but there is controversy in the conclusions on the direction of the relationship and the size of the effect. In order to clarify the relationship between social media and mental health, the paper mainly summarizes the concepts, mediating and moderating factors, as well as protective and risk factors, it also summarizes the limitations of past studies, so as to provide theoretical basis for future research directions.
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Neurons migrate from their birthplaces to the destinations, and extending axons navigate to their synaptic targets by sensing various extracellular cues in spatiotemporally controlled manners. These evolutionally conserved guidance cues and their receptors regulate multiple aspects of neural development to establish the highly complex nervous system by mediating both short- and long-range cell-cell communications. Neuronal guidance genes (encoding cues, receptors, or downstream signal transducers) are critical not only for development of the nervous system but also for synaptic maintenance, remodeling, and function in the adult brain. One emerging theme is the combinatorial and complementary functions of relatively limited classes of neuronal guidance genes in multiple processes, including neuronal migration, axonal guidance, synaptogenesis, and circuit formation. Importantly, neuronal guidance genes also regulate cell migration and cell-cell communications outside the nervous system. We are just beginning to understand how cells integrate multiple guidance and adhesion signaling inputs to determine overall cellular/subcellular behavior and how aberrant guidance signaling in various cell types contributes to diverse human diseases, ranging from developmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders to cancer metastasis. We review classic studies and recent advances in understanding signaling mechanisms of the guidance genes as well as their roles in human diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges and therapeutic potentials of modulating neuronal guidance pathways in neural repair.
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Humanos , Orientação de Axônios/genética , Neurônios , Axônios/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Comunicação CelularRESUMO
Em dezembro de 2019, a população mundial foi surpreendida com o surgimento de um novo vírus, o Coronavírus-2 da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS-CoV-2). Foram divulgadas informações acerca da pandemia, disseminando-se por vários tipos de mídias, com grande volume informacional. Diante da sobrecarga de divulgação de notícias, foi originado um fenômeno intitulado Infodemia, que se define pelo excesso de informações, gerando desinformação, pânico e confusão. O estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a influência da infodemia da COVID-19 na saúde mental de pessoas idosas. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal realizado no município de Ribeirão Preto, organizado em duas etapas investigativas, Na primeira etapa foi caracterizado o perfil sociodemográfico e variáveis relacionadas à Infodemia de COVID-19 nas redes sociais/ TV/rádio e na segunda etapa, foram utilizadas escalas validadas, a fim de mensurar os níveis de ansiedade, estresse e depressão, de acordo com o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI), Escala de Estresse Percebido (EEP) e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS), a coleta ocorreu entre agosto de 2020 a agosto de 2021, por meio de web-based survey. Participaram do estudo 380 idosos, com idade entre 60 e 92 anos, predominando a faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos (74,7%), sexo feminino (75,3) cor branca (71,3%) e com companheiro (54,5%), 119 (31,3%) concluíram o ensino superior, 321 (84,5%) idosos possuem residência própria, residem em zona urbana (97,9%) e 216 (56,8%) idosos eram aposentados. A maioria dos participantes usava o serviço de saúde pública (50,3%), não houve alteração de renda (75,5%) e 51 (15,5 %) viviam sozinhos. Identificou-se que as pessoas idosas foram expostas a informações e notícias com maior frequência pela televisão 161 (42,4%), em seguida, pelas redes sociais 103 (27,1%), enquanto pelo rádio 44 (11,6%) a exposição foi menor. A comparação dos escores totais das escalas de EEP, GDS e GAI e os dados sociodemográficos, não indicaram diferença entre as variáveis sexo, estado civil e faixa etária. Na análise das horas de exposição aos dados sobre a pandemia de COVID-19, houve diferença significativa entre os intervalos de horas de exposição às redes sociais, se comparados aos escores das escalas de estresse, depressão e ansiedade. Quanto às horas de uso da televisão e rádio foram significantes para os escores das escalas de estresse e ansiedade. Constatou-se que, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19, pessoas idosas deste estudo manifestaram sintomas de ansiedade, estresse e depressão devido à maior exposição a horas aos meios de comunicação. O acesso à televisão foi o meio mais utilizado, bem como o uso das redes sociais e o rádio foi o meio menos recorrido. Faz-se necessário pensar nessa população, desenvolvendo estratégias para o envelhecimento com qualidade e a participação ativa na sociedade, com uso consciente dos meios de comunicação
In December 2019, the world's population was surprised by the emergence of a new virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Information about the pandemic was disseminated, disseminated through various types of media, with a large volume of information. Faced with the overload of news dissemination, a phenomenon called Infodemic was created, which is defined by excess information, generating misinformation, panic and confusion. The general objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 infodemic on older adults' mental health. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, organized in two investigative stages. In the first stage, the sociodemographic profile and variables related to the COVID-19 Infodemic on social networks/TV/radio were characterized. In the second stage, validated scales were used to measure levels of anxiety, stress and depression, according to the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), Perceived Stress Scale (EEP) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Collection took place between August 2020 and August 2021 through a web-based survey. A total of 380 older adults aged between 60 and 92 years participated in the study, with a predominance of the age group between 60 and 69 years (74.7%), female (75.3), white (71.3%) and with a partner (54.5%). Thus, 119 (31.3%) completed higher education, 321 (84.5%) older adults had their own residence, lived in an urban area (97.9%) and 216 (56.8%) older adults were retired. The majority of participants used the public health service (50.3%), there was no change in income (75.5%) and 51 (15.5%) lived alone. It was identified that older adults were most frequently exposed to information and news through television (161; 42.4%), followed by social networks (103; 27.1%), while radio (44; 11.6%) exposure was lower. The comparison of the total scores on the EEP, GDS and GAI scales and sociodemographic data did not indicate any difference between the gender, marital status and age group variables. In the analysis of hours of exposure to data on the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant difference between the intervals of hours of exposure to social networks compared to the scores on the stress, depression and anxiety scales. As for the hours of television and radio use, they were significant for the scores on stress and anxiety scales. It was found that, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults in this study showed symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression due to greater exposure to the media for hours. Access to television was the most used means as well as the use of social networks and radio was the least used means. It is necessary to think about this population, developing strategies for quality aging and active participation in society, with conscious use of the media
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Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Saúde Mental , Coronavirus , Meios de Comunicação , InfodemiaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: la publicidad televisiva es una estrategia utilizada por la industria farmacéutica para ofrecer sus productos. En el caso de los medicamentos de venta libre, se tiene la responsabilidad de ajustarse a la normativa relacionada con estos productos, con el propósito de proteger al televidente de influencias negativas por posible publicidad imprecisa o engañosa. Objetivo: evaluar el cumplimiento normativo de la publicidad televisiva de medicamentos de venta libre en Colombia de agosto de 2018 en los canales nacionales Caracol y RCN. Metodología: se revisaron las grabaciones de anuncios publicitarios de medicamentos en los canales Caracol y RCN. Aleatoriamente, se seleccionaron los días 2, 4, 22 y 26 de agosto de 2018. La revisión de las grabaciones se realizó por dos evaluadores independientes. Los datos de los anuncios publicitarios se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se identificaron 624 anuncios publicitarios relacionados con medicamentos de venta libre: 601 pautas (96,3 %) y 23 comerciales (3,7 %). Entre los 624 anuncios emitidos, 226 (36,2 %) de 18 medicamentos no cumplieron con algunas condiciones establecidas en la normatividad. Discusión: este estudio, comparado con la publicación del 2014, mostró un incremento en la cantidad de anuncios que no cumplen con la norma, pasando de 8 % a 36,2 %. La principal situación de incumplimiento se debe al tamaño de la fuente, que puede limitar la lectura en poblaciones especiales. Conclusiones: los anuncios televisivos emitidos en los canales nacionales Caracol y RCN, en un 36,2 %, no cumplen con los requisitos definidos por la normatividad vigente.
Abstract Introduction: Advertising broadcast by mass media is a strategy used by the pharmaceutical sectors to offer their products. For of over-the-counter drugs, this sector is responsible for complying with the regulations related to these products, in order to protect the viewers from negative influences, for possible inaccurate or misleading advertising. Objective: To evaluate regulatory compliance in television advertising of over-the-counter drugs in Colombia in August 2018 on Caracol and RCN national channels. Methods: The recordings of the drug advertisements of two national television channels Caracol and RCN were reviewed. The days 2, 4, 22, 26 of august 2018 were randomly selected. Two independent evaluators reviewed the recordings. The data from the advertisements was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 624 commercials related to over-the-counter drugs were identified: 601 guidelines (96.3%) and 23 commercials (3.7%). Among the 624 advertisements broadcast by both national channels, 226 (36.2%) of 18 drugs did not meet some of the conditions established in the regulations. Discussion: Compared to the work done in 2014, shows that there was an increase in the number of advertisements that do not comply with the norm (from 8% to 36.2%). The main non-compliance situation presented by advertisements is related to the source size since small letters can limit the reading of special populations. Conclusion: 36.2% of the television advertisements broadcast on the national television channels Caracol and RCN do not meet the requirements defined by current regulations.
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Humanos , Publicidade de Medicamentos , Automedicação , Meios de Comunicação , Normas Jurídicas , Medicamentos sem PrescriçãoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have changed the way firms conduct their international business transactions, as small, medium and large companies are increasingly adopting these tools in order to improve productivity in operational processes, including the internationalization of goods and services. Objective. This paper aims to identify the ICT most commonly used in the international trade negotiation process for the achievement of import and export contracts in Pacific Alliance firms. Methodology. A survey was conducted among 401 internationalized firms in this regional trade bloc formed by Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. A descriptive analysis was also applied to present the results of the study, highlighting the ICT most used in international trade negotiations and, likewise, an ordered logistic regression was applied to explain both the level of importance given to ICT in the negotiation process and the frequency of use within this trade agreement. Results The research reveals that ICT are essential for each phase of the international negotiation, especially in the preparation phase. Conclusion. The use of specialized ICT, such as e-procurement, ERP, CRM, NSS and scenario building software, increases as the size of companies also increases.
Resumen Introducción. Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) han cambiado la forma en que las empresas llevan a cabo sus transacciones comerciales internacionales, ya que las pequeñas, medianas y grandes empresas están adoptando cada vez más estas herramientas con el fin de mejorar la productividad en los procesos operativos, incluida la internacionalización comercial e industrial. Objetivo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las TIC más utilizadas en el proceso de negociación comercial internacional para la consecución de contratos de importación y exportación en las empresas de la Alianza del Pacífico. Metodología. Se realizó una encuesta en 401 empresas internacionalizadas en este bloque comercial regional conformado por Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Asimismo, se aplica un análisis descriptivo para presentar los resultados del estudio destacando las TIC más utilizadas dentro de la negociación comercial internacional y, del mismo modo, se aplica una regresión logística ordenada para explicar tanto el nivel de importancia que se le da a las TIC en el proceso de negociación como la frecuencia de uso dentro de este acuerdo comercial. Resultados. La investigación también revela que las TIC son esenciales para cada fase de la negociación internacional, especialmente en la fase de preparación. Conclusión. El uso de las TIC especializadas, como la contratación electrónica, el ERP, el CRM, el NSS y el software de creación de escenarios, aumenta a medida que aumenta también el tamaño de las empresas.
Resumo Introdução. As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) mudaram a maneira como as empresas realizam transações comerciais internacionais, já que as pequenas, médias e grandes empresas estão adotando cada vez mais essas ferramentas a fim de melhorar a produtividade nos processos operacionais, incluindo a internacionalização comercial e industrial. Objetivo. Este artigo visa identificar as TIC mais utilizadas no processo de negociação comercial internacional para a obtenção de contratos de importação e exportação em empresas da Pacific Alliance. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma pesquisa entre 401 empresas internacionalizadas neste bloco comercial regional formado pelo Chile, Colômbia, México e Peru. Uma análise descritiva também foi aplicada para apresentar os resultados do estudo, destacando as TIC mais utilizadas nas negociações comerciais internacionais, e uma regressão logística ordenada foi aplicada para explicar tanto o nível de importância dado às TIC no processo de negociação quanto a frequência de uso dentro deste acordo comercial. Resultados. A pesquisa também revela que as TIC são essenciais para cada fase da negociação internacional, especialmente na fase de preparação. Conclusão. O uso de TIC especializadas, tais como e-procurement, ERP, CRM, NSS e software de construção de cenários, aumenta conforme aumenta o tamanho das empresas.
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Objetivos. Documentar cuantitativamente el grado de concordancia con las recomendaciones del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INC) de los mensajes institucionales emitidos en redes sociales de Argentina durante octubre de 2019, en el contexto de las campañas de prevención del cáncer mamario, y analizar cualitativamente los elementos icónicos y textuales que conforman sus piezas de difusión. Materiales y métodos. Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de 171 piezas de difusión emitidas durante octubre de 2019 por 54 instituciones, a partir de la evaluación de su concordancia con las recomendaciones del INC, la descripción de las principales recomendaciones discordantes (análisis cuantitativo) y el análisis cualitativo de 30 piezas. Resultados. Ninguno de los mensajes emitidos mencionó potenciales daños del tamizaje. Solamente los del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación fueron totalmente concordantes con las recomendaciones del INC, mientras que los restantes recomendaban realizar mamografías a edades más tempranas o a intervalos más breves. El autoexamen mamario fue la recomendación más frecuente entre las discordantes. Predominaron las imágenes de cuerpos femeninos vinculadas con los estereotipos predominantes de género y belleza, y los discursos paternalistas que apelan al miedo y a la culpa. Conclusiones. Los mensajes emitidos en las piezas de difusión analizadas no fueron concordantes con las recomendaciones del INC, a pesar de que estas últimas están respaldadas por evidencia científica. Por otro lado, los mensajes refuerzan los estereotipos de género y belleza, la culpa y el modelo médico-hegemónico.
Objectives. To quantitatively document the degree of compliance of institutional messages broadcast on social networks with the recommendations of the National Cancer Institute (INC) in Argentina during October 2019, in the context of breast cancer prevention campaigns, and to qualitatively analyze the pictorial and textual elements that make up their dissemination pieces. Materials and methods. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of 171 dissemination pieces issued during October 2019 by 54 institutions, based on the evaluation of their compliance with INC recommendations, the description of the main discordant recommendations (quantitative analysis) and the qualitative analysis of 30 pieces. Results. None of the issued messages mentioned potential screening harms. Only the messages of the National Ministry of Health complied completely with the INC recommendations, while the remaining ones recommended mammograms at younger ages or at shorter intervals. Breast self-examination was the most frequent recommendation among those who didn't comply. The images of female bodies linked to common stereotypes of sex and beauty, and paternalistic discourses appealing to fear and guilt were predominant. Conclusions. The messages broadcasted in the analyzed diffusion pieces did not comply with the INC recommendations, despite the fact that the latter are supported by scientific evidence. On the other hand, the messages reinforce sex and beauty stereotypes, guilt and the medical-hegemonic model.