Body Composition Classification with Electrical Bioimpedance in Chilean Military by Sex / Clasificación de la Composición Corporal con Bioimpedancia Eléctrica en Militares Chilenos por Sexo

SUMMARY: Military readiness relies heavily on the physical fitness and operational capability of its personnel. This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of body composition assessment and classification protocols within the military context. A comprehensive evaluation of 4370 active-duty Chilean military personnel was conducted, focusing on anthropometric characteristics, including adipose tissue, muscle tissue, and anthropometric indices. The study observed significant differences in body composition between genders, with men exhibiting lower levels of body fat percentage (men: 26.28 %; women: 34.62 %) but higher levels of muscle mass (men: 42.0 %; women: 36.0 %;), skeletal muscle index (men:11.81; women: 9.31), and fat-free mass index (men: 19.92; women: 18.45) compared to women. High levels of muscle tissue were observed in both groups. By integrating these findings into a standardized assessment protocol, a more accurate classification of military personnel was achieved, surpassing traditional methods used in sedentary obese populations. The study advocates the future adoption of an assessment model based on artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, which consider the multifaceted nature of body composition and its impact on operational capability. Such a model would enable military forces to optimize their personnel's physical fitness and readiness, thus enhancing their effectiveness in deployment operations.

La preparación militar depende en gran medida de la aptitud física y la capacidad operativa de su personal. Este estudio tiene como objetivo mejorar la eficacia de los protocolos de evaluación y clasificación de la composición corporal dentro del contexto militar. Se realizó una evaluación integral de 4.370 militares chilenos en servicio activo, centrándose en las características antropométricas, incluido el tejido adiposo, el tejido muscular y los índices antropométricos. El estudio observó diferencias significativas en la composición corporal entre sexos, con los hombres exhibiendo niveles más bajos de porcentaje de grasa corporal (hombres: 26,28 %; mujeres: 34,62 %) pero niveles más altos de masa muscular (hombres: 42,0 %; mujeres: 36,0 %;), índice de músculo esquelético (hombres: 11,81; mujeres: 9,31) e índice de masa magra (hombres: 19,92; mujeres: 18,45) en comparación con las mujeres. Se observaron altos niveles de tejido muscular en ambos grupos. Al integrar estos hallazgos en un protocolo de evaluación estandarizado, se logró una clasificación más precisa del personal militar, superando los métodos tradicionales utilizados en poblaciones obesas sedentarias. El estudio aboga por la adopción futura de un modelo de evaluación basado en algoritmos de inteligencia artificial (IA), que consideren la naturaleza multifacética de la composición corporal y su impacto en la capacidad operativa. Un modelo de este tipo permitiría a las fuerzas militares optimizar la aptitud física y la preparación de su personal, mejorando así su eficacia en las operaciones de despliegue.

Correlación del Ángulo de Fase con las Masas Muscular y Grasa en una Población Caucásica Sana de Amplio Rango de Edad / Correlation of Phase Angle with Muscle and Fat Mass in a Healthy Caucasian Population of a Wide Age Range

El análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) es un método relativamente económico, rápido y no invasivo para la determinación de la composición corporal. El ángulo de fase (PhA) es un indicador de la salud celular y de la integridad de la membrana y parece estar relacionado con la capacidad física y el rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de analizar las posibles relaciones entre PhA y el porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética (SMM%) y entre PhA y el porcentaje de masa grasa (FM%) en una población caucásica sana, con un amplio rango de edad. Se analizaron 210 sujetos caucásicos sanos (99 mujeres y 111 hombres), de edades comprendidas entre 20 y 70 años. Se utilizó un dispositivo BIA mano-pie (BIA-101, AKERN-Srl, Firenze, Italy) para la determinación de los parámetros bioeléctricos y un escáner DXA de cuerpo entero QDR, serie Horizon (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) para la determinación de SMM% y FM%. Se observaron correlaciones significativas positivas fuertes entre PhA y SMM%, independientemente de la franja de edad, (0,520-0,687; p < 0,01) y correlaciones significativas negativas fuertes (o moderadas/fuertes) entre PhA y FM% (0,492-0,657; p < 0,01), también independientemente de la franja de edad. Estas correlaciones indican que PhA podría utilizarse como marcador para ver la evolución de un sujeto activo, sea deportista o no. Se recomienda, por tanto, el desarrollo y la validación de nuevas ecuaciones para determinar la masa muscular y la masa grasa, que incluyan PhA como parámetro bioeléctrico.

SUMMARY: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive, economic and fast method for body composition assessment. Phase angle (PhA) is considered an indicator of cellular health and cell membrane integrity, and it seems to be related to physical capacity and performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible relationships between PhA and skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMM%) and between PhA and fat mass percentage (FM%) in a healthy Caucasian population with a wide age range. 210 healthy Caucasian participants (99 women and 111 men), aged 20-70 years were analyzed. A BIA foot-to-hand body composition analyzer (BIA-101, AKERN-Srl, Firenze, Italy) was used to determine bioelectrical parameters, and a whole body DXA scanner QDR, serie Horizon (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) was used for SMM% and FM% assessment. Irrespective of age range, strong positive significant correlations were observed between PhA and SMM% (0.520-0.687; p < 0.01) and strong (or moderate/strong) negative significant correlations were observed between PhA and FM% (0.492-0.657; p < 0.01). These correlations indicate that PhA could be used as a marker to monitor the evolution of an active subject, whether an athlete or not. It would be useful to develop and validate new equations for skeletal muscle mass and fat mass assessment, which include PhA as a bioelectrical parameter.

Body Typology of Lebanese Adults: Initial Cluster Cross-Selection Study / Tipología Corporal de Adultos Libaneses: Estudio Inicial de Selección Cruzada de Grupos

SUMMARY: This study aims to investigate body typologies based on a combination of basic anthropo-morphological characteristics and body composition measured by multichannel bioimpedance in a sample from the adult population of Lebanon. A total of 302 subjects (173 males and 129 females) without acute or chronic health disorders were included in the study. Body composition was measured by the multichannel bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method, using the i30 device (MEDIANA, Korea). The research used 10 variables, including three basic anthropo-morphological variables, three for assessing fat, three for assessing the muscle component, and one index variable. K-means cluster analysis was used to define five specific clusters (5D) of body types based on sex. In light of the results, the study established five distinct clusters representing five different body typologies among Lebanese adults, categorized by sex: Male sample, Group 1 - Obese Endomorph (15.61 %), Group 2 - Balanced Mesomorph (16.76 %), Group 3 - Short Endomorph (30.06 %), Group 4 - Short Mesomorph (34.10 %), and Group 5 - Pathological Obese Endomorph (3.47 %); Female sample, Group 1- Obese Endomorph (2.33 %), Group 2 - Short Endo/Mesomorph (28.68 %), Group 3 - Short Ectomorph (32.56 %), Group 4 - Endomorph (22.48 %), and Group 5 - Balanced Mesomorph (13.95 %). Furthermore, the results indicated that the primary factor contributing to the distinctions among the identified clusters in terms of sex is fat tissue. This leads to the conclusion that eating habits cause the given differences, rather than the level of physical activity, regardless of sex.

Este estudio ttuvo como objetivo investigar tipologías corporales basadas en una combinación de características antropomorfológicas básicas y composición corporal, medidas por bioimpedancia multicanal, en una muestra de la población adulta del Líbano. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 302 sujetos (173 hombres y 129 mujeres) sin trastornos de salud agudos o crónicos. La composición corporal se midió mediante el método de impedancia bioeléctrica multicanal (BIA), utilizando el dispositivo i30 (MEDIANA, Corea). La investigación utilizó 10 variables, incluidas tres variables antropomorfológicas básicas, tres para evaluar la grasa, tres para evaluar el componente muscular y una variable índice. Se utilizó el análisis de conglomerados de K-medias para definir cinco conglomerados específicos (5D) de tipos de cuerpo según el sexo. En base a los resultados, el estudio estableció cinco grupos distintos que representan cinco tipologías corporales diferentes entre los adultos libaneses, categorizados por sexo: muestra masculina, grupo 1: endomorfo obeso (15,61 %), grupo 2: mesomorfo equilibrado (16,76 %), grupo 3 - Endomorfo Corto (30,06 %), Grupo 4 - Mesomorfo Corto (34,10 %), y Grupo 5 - Endomorfo Obeso Patológico (3,47 %); Muestra femenina, Grupo 1: Endomorfo obeso (2,33 %), Grupo 2: Endo/mesomorfo corto (28,68 %), Grupo 3: Ectomorfo corto (32,56 %), Grupo 4: Endomorfo (22,48 %) y Grupo 5: Mesomorfo equilibrado (13,95 %). Además, los resultados indicaron que el factor principal que contribuye a las distinciones entre los grupos identificados en términos de sexo es el tejido adiposo. Esto lleva a la conclusión de que las diferencias dadas son causadas por los hábitos alimentarios, más que por el nivel de actividad física, independientemente del sexo.

Resting Energy Expenditure, comparison of predictive formulas with bioimpedance: Peruvian population / Gasto Energético en Reposo, comparación de fórmulas predictivas con la bioimpedancia: población peruana

Introduction: In areas with limited access to healthcare systems, Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) estimation is performed using predictive equations to calculate an individual's caloric requirement. One problem is that these equations were validated in populations with different characteristics from those in Latin America, such as race, height, or body mass, leading to potential errors in the prediction of this parameter. Objective: To determine the REE using predictive formulas compared with bioimpedance in Peruvians. Materials and methods: A comparative analytical cross-sectional study with secondary database analysis of the CRONICAS cohort. Results: we worked with a total of 666 subjects. The Mjeor equation was the one with the highest rating of 0.95, a lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4.69%, and equivalence was found with the REE values. In the multiple regression, it was observed that the Mjeor equation was the one that least overestimated the REE, increasing 0.77 Kcal/day (95% CI: 0.769-0.814; p<0.001) for each point that increased the REE determined by bioimpedance. The strength of association between Mjeor and bioimpedance was 0.9037. Furthermore, in the regression of the data (weight, height, age) in the Mjeor equation it was observed that the coefficients obtained were the same as those used in the original equation. Conclusions: The Mjeor equation seems to be the most adequate to estimate the REE in the Peruvian population. Future prospective studies should confirm the usefulness of this formula with potential utility in primary health care(AU)

Introducción: En zonas con acceso limitado a sistemas de salud, la estimación del Gasto Energético en Reposo (GER) se realiza utilizando ecuaciones predictivas para calcular el requerimiento calórico de un individuo. Uno de los problemas es que estas ecuaciones fueron validadas en poblaciones con características diferentes a las latinoamericanas, como raza, talla o masa corporal, lo que conlleva a potenciales errores en la predicción de este parámetro. Objetivo: Determinar el GER mediante fórmulas predictivas comparadas con la bioimpedancia en peruanos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico comparativo con análisis secundario de base de datos de la cohorte CRONICAS. Resultados: Se trabajó con un total de 666 sujetos. La ecuación de Mjeor fue la que obtuvo la puntuación más alta de 0,95, un error medio porcentual absoluto (MAPE) inferior de 4,69%, y se encontró equivalencia con los valores del GER. En la regresión múltiple, se observó que la ecuación de Mjeor fue la que menos sobreestimó el GER, aumentando 0,77 Kcal/día (IC 95%: 0,769-0,814; p<0,001) por cada punto que aumentaba el GER determinado por bioimpedancia. La fuerza de asociación entre Mjeor y bioimpedancia fue de 0,9037. Además, en la regresión de los datos (peso, talla, edad) de la ecuación de Mjeor se observó que los coeficientes obtenidos eran los mismos que los utilizados en la ecuación original. Conclusiones: La ecuación de Mjeor parece ser la más adecuada para estimar el GER en la población peruana. Futuros estudios prospectivos deberán confirmar la utilidad de esta fórmula para su potencial utilidad en la atención primaria de salud(AU)

Different Body Partialization Procedures Considering Maximum Strength and Explosiveness: Factorial Analysis Approach / Diferentes Procedimientos de Parcialización Corporal Considerando Fuerza Máxima y Explosividad: Enfoque de Análisis Factorial

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of different methods of partialization, in terms of different body component indices in relation to indicators of strength and explosiveness. The research involved 187 subjects who were divided into two groups based on sex. This research consisted of measuring body composition characteristics by multichannel bioimpedance analysis (BIA) InBody 720, as well as contractile characteristics of different muscle groups with tenziometric Dinamometry method. Based on the results of the factor analysis we found that regardless of the sex the most sensitive variable for partialization of absolute body isometric strength variable (ABiS) is partialization by allometric scaling (0.964 for females and 0.947 for males explained factor variance). However, in the case of absolute body isometric explosiveness (ABiE), the results of this study have demonstrated that partialization relative to skeletal muscle mass according to the body longitudinality - skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) is the methodological choice disregarding the sex (0.982 for females and 0.980 for males explained factor variance). The results of the study have shown that for the purpose of scaling the maximal strength relative to body composition, the allometric method can be considered as a choice, while for the partialization of maximal isometric explosiveness skeletal muscle mass index is the best choice insensitive of the sex.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad de distintos métodos de parcialización, en términos de diferentes índices de componentes corporales en relación a los indicadores de fuerza y explosividad. En la investigación participaron 187 sujetos que se dividieron según el sexo en dos grupos. Esta investigación consistió en medir las características de composición corporal mediante análisis de bioimpedancia multicanal (BIA) InBody 720, así como las características contráctiles de diferentes grupos musculares con el método de Dinamometría tenciométrica. Con base en los resultados del análisis factorial, encontramos que, independientemente del sexo, la variable más sensible para la parcialización de la variable de fuerza isométrica corporal absoluta (ABiS) fue la parcialización mediante escala alométrica (0,964 para las mujeres y 0,947 para los hombres). Sin embargo, en el caso de la explosividad isométrica corporal absoluta (ABiE), los resultados de este estudio han demostrado que la parcialización relativa a la masa del músculo esquelético según la longitudinalidad del cuerpo - índice de masa del músculo esquelético (SMMI) es la opción metodológica sin tener en cuenta el sexo (0,982 para las mujeres y 0,980 para los hombres). Los resultados del estudio han demostrado que para escalar la fuerza máxima en relación con la composición corporal, el método alométrico puede considerarse como una opción, mientras que para la parcialización de la explosividad isométrica máxima, el índice de masa del músculo esquelético es la mejor opción independiente del sexo.

Standing-Long-Jump Test Application in Identifying Female Adolescents at Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity / Aplicación de la Prueba de Salto de Longitud de Pie para Identificar a Adolescentes con Riesgo de Obesidad Sarcopénica

SUMMARY: The identification of children and adolescents who are at risk of sarcopenic obesity development often requires specialized equipment and expensive test procedures. Therefore, the establishment of cheaper and faster methods would be greatly useful, especially if they could be applied in the field. The study's objective was to establish if identification of female adolescents who suffer the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity can be obtained through the standing-long-jump test application. To achieve the research objectives, various anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed and lower limb explosive strength was assessed using the standing long jump fitness test. The research was conducted on a sample of 535 female respondents randomly selected from 9 elementary schools in the Skopje region of the Republic of North Macedonia. The respondents were divided into quintiles according to BMI z-scores, and the arithmetic means and SD about muscle-to-fat ratio were calculated for each quintile. The cutoff was determined based on the mean and standard deviation of the muscle-to-fat ratio for the 3rd quintile of BMI and the percentage of respondents with sarcopenic obesity was examined. The optimal cut-off value of the long jump fitness test results for predicting sarcopenic obesity in an adolescent girl showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.781 (95 % CI 0.743-0.815). The standing-long-jump test values, on grounds of odds ratio (OR 95 % CI) about the girls at risk of sarcopenic obesity development, which was identified on muscle-to-fat ratio base, were 8.76 (4.39 - 17.54, p 0.001). It can be used to predict sarcopenic obesity presence in female adolescents, which can be vital in case of health intervention.

La identificación de niños y adolescentes que corren riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica a menudo requiere equipos especializados y procedimientos de pruebas costosos. Por lo tanto, el establecimiento de métodos más baratos y rápidos sería de gran utilidad, especialmente si pudieran aplicarse en el campo. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer si la identificación de mujeres adolescentes que sufren riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica se puede obtener mediante la aplicación de la prueba de salto de longitud de pie. Para lograr los objetivos de la investigación, se realizaron diversas mediciones antropométricas y de composición corporal y se evaluó la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores mediante la prueba de aptitud de salto de longitud de pie. La investigación se realizó con una muestra de 535 mujeres encuestadas seleccionadas al azar de 9 escuelas primarias de la región de Skopje, en la República de Macedonia del Norte. Los encuestados se dividieron en quintiles según las puntuaciones z del IMC, y se calcularon las medias aritméticas y la DE sobre la relación músculo-grasa para cada quintil. El límite se determinó en función de la media y la desviación estándar de la relación músculo-grasa para el tercer quintil del IMC y se examinó el porcentaje de encuestados con obesidad sarcopénica. El valor de corte óptimo de los resultados de la prueba de condición física de salto de longitud para predecir la obesidad sarcopénica en una adolescente mostró que el área bajo la curva ROC fue 0,781 (IC del 95 %: 0,743-0,815). Los valores de la prueba de salto de longitud de pie, sobre la base del odds ratio (OR IC del 95 %) sobre las niñas en riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica, que se identificó sobre la base del ratio músculo-grasa, fueron 8,76 (4,39 - 17,54, p. 0,001). Puede utilizarse para predecir la presencia de obesidad sarcopénica en adolescentes, lo que puede ser vital en caso de intervención sanitaria.

Anthropometric profile and body composition of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy on enteral diet / Perfil antropométrico e composição corporal de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral em uso de dieta enteral

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the anthropometric variables and body composition of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy based on the type of enteral diet received. Methods A case-series study involving 38 individuals with spastic quadriparetic cerebral palsy, aged four to 18 years, fed only by the enteral route, followed up at a Reference Hospital in the city of Recife (PE), Brazil. One group received an exclusively industrialized enteral diet, while the other received a mixed diet (industrialized and homemade). Weight, stature, arm circumference, and arm muscle area were measured. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the groups receiving industrialized and mixed diets, with a high stature deficit frequency (63.6% versus 68.7%; p=0.743), excess fat mass (93.3% versus 58.3%; p=0.060), and fat free mass deficit (73.3% versus 66.7%; p=1.000) observed in both groups. Regarding the nutritional composition of the enteral diet, 54.5% and 53.8% of the individuals in the industrialized and mixed diet groups, respectively, received an industrialized enteral diet with a hypercaloric, hyperlipidic, and hypoproteic nutritional composition. Conclusion It was concluded that there was no difference in anthropometric parameters and body composition based on the type of diet received. It should be considered that the nutritional composition of the most commonly used industrialized diet among the individuals in this study may have influenced the unfavorable outcomes, such as the high frequency of low muscle mass and excess fat mass. This highlights the need for the formulation and availability of an enteral diet that meets the nutritional needs of this population.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar os parâmetros antropométricos e a composição corporal de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral em função do tipo de dieta enteral recebida. Métodos Estudo tipo série de casos, envolvendo 38 indivíduos com paralisia cerebral tetraparética espástica entre 4 e 18 anos, alimentados apenas por via alternativa, acompanhados em um Hospital de Referência em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Um grupo recebia dieta enteral industrializada exclusiva e outro, dieta mista (industrializada e artesanal). Foram aferidos, peso, estatura, circunferência e área muscular do braço. A composição corporal se deu por meio da utilização de bioimpedância elétrica. Resultados Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos dieta industrializada e dieta mista, sendo constatada elevada frequência de déficit estatural (63,6% versus 68,7%; p=0,743), excesso de massa gorda (93,3% versus 58,3%; p=0,060) e déficit de massa livre de gordura (73,3% versus 66,7%; p=1,000), em ambos os grupos. Quanto à composição nutricional da dieta enteral ofertada, 54,5% e 53,8% dos indivíduos nos grupos dieta industrializada e dieta mista, respectivamente, recebiam dieta enteral industrializada de composição nutricional hipercalórica, hiperlipídica e hipoproteica. Conclusão Conclui-se que não houve diferença nos parâmetros antropométricos e na composição corporal em função do tipo de dieta recebida. Deve-se considerar que a composição nutricional da dieta industrializada mais utilizada pelos indivíduos dessa pesquisa pode ter influenciado os resultados desfavoráveis, como a elevada frequência de baixa massa muscular e excesso de massa gorda. Surgindo por sua vez, a necessidade da formulação e disponibilização de uma dieta enteral que atenda às necessidades nutricionais dessa população.

Skeletal muscle mass obtained by anthropometric equation and presence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women

Abstract Objective: To analyze the amount of muscle and the presence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women using different methods, verifying the agreement between them as to skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years. SMM was obtained from a predictive equation, Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA), and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were calculated. The cut-off point of SMI was determined for the population itself. The agreement between the SMI obtained using the different methods was verified. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). The significance level adopted for all tests was 5.0%. Results: A total of 112 women were evaluated, with an average age of 66.1 ± 5.65 years. Among them, 51.8% were sufficiently active and 43.8% were overweight and obese. The SMI cut-offs were 6.46 kg/m2 for the predictive equation and 7.66 kg/m2 for BIA, with high sensitivity and specificity. There was an excellent agreement in the identification of SMM by the predictive equation (0.89 [0.824-0.917], p < 0.001) and BIA (0.92 [0.883-0.945], p < 0.001), in reference to DXA. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 0.9%, 1.8%, and 2.7% according to BIA, DXA, and the predictive equation, respectively. Conclusion: The predictive equation showed the expected agreement in estimating skeletal muscle mass in postmenopausal women, offering a viable and accurate alternative.

Asociación entre condición física y fase angular en el adulto mayor: un estudio piloto / Association between physical fitness and angular phase in older adults: a pilot study / Associação entre condição física e fase angular em idosos: um estudo piloto

El diagnóstico por bioimpedancia (BIA) y el ángulo de fase (AnF), como indicador, permiten monitorear el estado físico, de salud y nutricional en adultos mayores. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre la condición física y valores de fase angular por bioimpedancia en un grupo de adultos mayores sedentarios. Participaron voluntariamente 24 adultos mayores sedentarios (21 mujeres y 3 hombres). A cada participante se les midió bioimpedancia, fuerza de presión manual y test de 6 minutos del Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Posteriormente se analizaron los resultados, correlacionando el ángulo de fase (AnF) y condición física cardiorrespiratoria según sexo y el AnF con la fuerza de presión manual. El 71% presentó una media de AnF por debajo de la referencia (4,5º ± 0,4), específicamente, el 67% de los hombres y el 62% de las mujeres. La correlación entre AnF y capacidad física cardiorrespiratoria arrojó un valor de R2= 0,50; p<0,0001. La asociación entre AnF y fuerza de presión manual fue de R2=0,35; p=0,0023. Se encontró una relación significativa entre una prueba de condición física cardiorrespiratoria y AnF y entre la fuerza de presión manual y AnF. Es de importancia clínica incluir parámetros objetivos de valoración celular en adultos mayores como el AnF.

The diagnosis by bioimpedance (BIA) and the phase angle (PhA) are indicators, that allow monitoring of the physical health and nutritional status of older adults. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between physical fitness and phase angle values by bioimpedance in a group of sedentary older adults. 24 elderly sedentary volunteers participated (21 women and 3 men). Each participant underwent bioimpedance, manual dynamometry, and the 6-minute Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Subsequently, the results were analyzed, making a correlation between PhA and cardiorespiratory physical condition, another between PhA and cardiorespiratory physical condition according to sex and finally an association between PhA and handgrip strength. R71% presented a PhA mean below the reference (4.5º ± 0.4), specifically 67% of men and 62% of women. The correlation between PhA and cardiorespiratory fitness showed a value of R2= 0.50; p<0.0001. The association between PhA and handgrip strength was R2=0.35; p=0.0023. A significant relationship was found between a cardiorespiratory fitness test and PhA and between handgrip strength and PhA. It is of clinical importance to include objective cellular assessment parameters in older adults such as PhA.

O diagnóstico por bioimpedância (BIA) e ângulo de fase (AnF), como indicador, permitem monitorar o estado físico, de saúde e nutricional de idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a relação entre a condição física e os valores da fase angular por bioimpedância em um grupo de idosos sedentários. Participaram voluntariamente 24 idosos sedentários (21 mulheres e 3 homens). Cada participante foi medido bioimpedância, força de pressão manual e teste de 6 minutos do Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Posteriormente, os resultados foram analisados, correlacionando o ângulo de fase (AnF) e a condição física cardiorrespiratória de acordo com o sexo e o AnF com a força de pressão manual. 71% apresentaram média do LAn abaixo da referência (4,5º ± 0,4), sendo 67% dos homens e 62% das mulheres. A correlação entre o LAn e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória deu um valor de R2= 0,50; p<0,0001. A associação entre LAn e força de pressão manual foi R2=0,35; p=0,0023. Encontrou-se relação significativa entre teste de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e NF e entre força de pressão manual e NF. É de importância clínica incluir parâmetros objetivos de avaliação celular em adultos mais velhos, como AnF.

Relación entre la Composición Corporal, Condición Física y Capacidad Operativa en Militares Chilenos / Relationship Between Body Composition, Physical Condition and Operational Capacity in Chilean Military

La composición corporal engloba una serie de variables relacionadas con la salud e influye en la condición física. A pesar de ello, existe poca evidencia sobre sus efectos en la capacidad operativa en militares. El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar la composición corporal, la condición física y la capacidad operativa de militares chilenos. Participaron 57 militares chilenos (26,9 ± 4,8 años), con especialización operativa en infantería. La composición corporal fue evaluada con bioimpedancia octopolar estimando masa libre de grasa, tejido muscular y tejido adiposo, entre otras variables. También se realizaron las siguientes pruebas de condición física: 5000 m planos, dominadas, abdominales y flexibilidad, así como cuatro pruebas específicas de actividades operativas militares específicas (situación de combate simulado). Los resultados mostraron un porcentaje de tejido muscular de 45,4 ± 2,9 % (IC95%: 44,6 - 46,2), mientras que el porcentaje de tejido adiposo fue de 20,3 ± 4,9 % (IC95%: 14,7 - 17,3). Se encontraron correlaciones negativas de pequeña magnitud entre el tiempo de carrera (5000 m) y el tejido muscular (%) (r = -0,275) y positiva con el tejido adiposo (%) (r = 0,294). Sin embargo, se observaron correlaciones de alta magnitud entre dominadas y tejido muscular (%) (r = 0,517) y tejido adiposo (%) (r = -0,558). El tejido adiposo se relacionó negativamente con la capacidad aeróbica, fuerza de brazos(??) y fuerza resistencia abdominal, mientras que el tejido muscular se relacionó positivamente con estas mismas variables. No se apreciaron correlaciones entre la composición corporal y la capacidad operativa militar (p<0,05). Se concluye que la composición corporal y la condición física no se relacionan con la capacidad operativa militar en situación de combate en especialistas en infantería, pero si la composición corporal se relaciona con la fuerza y la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria.

SUMMARY: Body composition encompasses a series of variables that are health-related and influence physical condition. Nevertheless, there is little evidence on its effects on the operational capacity of the military. The objective of this study was to relate the body composition, the physical condition and the operational capacity of the Chilean military. Fifty-seven Chilean soldiers (26.9 ± 4.8 years) participated, with operational specialization in infantry. Body composition was evaluated with octopolar bioimpedance, estimating fat- free mass, muscle tissue, and adipose tissue, among other variables. The following physical condition tests were also carried out: 5000 m flat, pull-ups, abdominals and flexibility, as well as four specific tests of specific military operational activities (simulated combat situation). The results showed a percentage of muscle tissue of 45.4 ± 2.9 % (95%CI: 44.6 - 46.2), while the percentage of adipose tissue was 20.3 ± 4.9 % (95%CI). : 14.7-17.3). Negative correlations of small magnitude were found between race time (5000 m) and muscle tissue (%) (r = -0.275) and positive with adipose tissue (%) (r = 0.294). However, high magnitude correlations were observed between pull-ups and muscle tissue (%) (r = 0.517) and adipose tissue (%) (r = -0.558). Adipose tissue was negatively related to aerobic capacity, arm strength, and abdominal endurance strength, while muscle tissue was positively related to these same variables. No correlations were found between body composition and military operational capacity (p<0.05). It is concluded that body composition and physical condition are not related to military operational capacity in combat situations in infantry specialists, but body composition is related to strength and cardiorespiratory capacity.

Reference Values and Sensitivity for Different Body Fat Variables Measured by Bioimpedance Method in Female Athletes in Individual Sports: Discriminative and Comparative Study / Valores de Referencia y Sensibilidad para Diferentes Variables de Grasa Corporal Medidas por el Método de Bioimpedancia Eléctrica en Deportistas Femeninas en Deportes Individuales: Estudio Discriminativo y Comparativo

SUMMARY: Athletes differ among themselves and one of the main differences is observed in relation to body shape and composition. Achieving top sports performance requires more standardization in the processes of training and development of a unique methodology for individualizing the control specific adaptation of athletes. The aim of this study is to establish reference data for the most sensitive variables to define the amount and structure of body fat in female athletes in individual sports. The sample included 895 females, divided in: a control group (Cont) of young females (N = 688); International (N = 113), and National level female athletes (N = 94) in 13 individual sports. Four variables described the structureof of body fat: Percentage of body fat (PBF), Body Fat Mass Index (BFMI), Protein Fat Index (PFI) and Index of Body Composition (IBC). Results showed that considering the control group, female athletes have all examined Body Fat variables statistically significantly different (BFMI and PBF are lower, p = 0.011 and p = 0.000, while PFI and IBC are higher, p = 0.000, respectively). Female athletes are also statistically significantly different in relation to the level of competition (p = 0.000), and the investigated variables are responsible for 17.7 % of the variability of the difference between the groups. Competitively more successful female athletes have higher IBC (lower percentage of fat per overall body volume, p = 0.013), as well as, a statistically significantly higher protein mass in relation to body fat mass (PFI, p = 0.018). The most sensitive variables for defining body fat differences between the examined individual sports were IBC, with an influence of 37.9 %, then PFI (32.4 %), then PBF (22.8 %), and finally BFMI, with an influence of 11.4 % on the differences. Based on the results of this study, IBC and PFI are variables that have shown useful scientific-methodological potential for research in the future.

Los deportistas difieren entre sí y una de las principales diferencias se observa en relación a la forma y composición corporal. Alcanzar el máximo rendimiento deportivo requiere una mayor estandarización en los procesos de entrenamiento y en el desarrollo de una metodología única para individualizar el control de adaptación específico de los atletas. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer datos de referencia de las variables más sensibles para definir la cantidad y estructura de la grasa corporal en mujeres deportistas en deportes individuales. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 895 mujeres, divididas en: un grupo control (Cont) de mujeres jóvenes (N = 688); Atletas femeninas de nivel internacional (N = 113) y nacional (N = 94) en 13 deportes individuales. Cuatro variables describieron la estructura de la grasa corporal: Porcentaje de grasa corporal (PBF), Índice de Masa Grasa Corporal (BFMI), Índice de Proteína Grasa (PFI) e Índice de Composición Corporal (IBC). Los resultados mostraron que, considerando el grupo control, todas las atletas tuvieron diferecias estadísticamente significativas respecto a las variables de grasa corporal (BFMI y PBF son más bajos, p = 0,011 y p = 0,000, mientras que PFI e IBC son más altos, p = 0,000, respectivamente). En relación al nivel de competencia, las atletas femeninas presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,000), y las variables investigadas son responsables por el 17,7 % de la variabilidad de la diferencia entre los grupos. Las atletas femeninas competitivamente más exitosas tienen un IBC más alto (menor porcentaje de grasa por volumen corporal total, p = 0,013), así como una masa proteica estadísticamente más alta en relación con la masa de grasa corporal (PFI, p = 0,018). Las variables más sensibles para definir las diferencias de grasa corporal entre los deportes individuales examinados fueron IBC, con una influencia del 37,9 %, luego PFI (32,4 %), a seguir PBF (22,8 %) y finalmente BFMI, con una influencia del 11,4 % en las diferencias. En base a los resultados de este estudio, IBC y PFI son las variables que han mostrado un potencial científico-metodológico útil para la investigación en el futuro.

Associação entre força de preensão manual e ângulo de fase em idosos da Estratégia Saúde da Família: um estudo transversal / Association between handgrip strength and phase angle in older adults from the Family Health Strategy: a cross-sectional study

Introdução: a Força de Preensão Manual (FPM) é um indicador de saúde e funcionalidade do idoso, que diminui com o passar do tempo, impactada por aspectos como mudanças na composição corporal. Objetivo: investigar a associação entre o Ângulo de Fase Padronizado (AFP) e FPM em idosos comunitários da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Metodologia: estudo transversal, com pessoas de 60 anos ou mais, atendidos na APS. A variável dependente foi a FPM medida com dinamômetro e a independente principal foi o AFP com base no sexo e faixa etária, calculado a partir do ângulo de fase obtido pela bioimpedância. Foi realizada a regressão logística com entrada por bloco, sendo incluídas no modelo as variáveis que apresentaram associação com nível crítico menor do que 10%. Resultados: dos 296 indivíduos avaliados, 28,0% exibiram baixa FPM e 15,9% apresentaram AFP < ­ 1,65°. As variáveis inseridas no modelo final de regressão logística, juntamente com o AFP, foram sexo, faixa etária, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Circunferência da Panturrilha (CP). A análise mostrou que o AFP < ­ 1,65° aumenta a chance do idoso apresentar baixa FPM, tanto na análise sem ajuste (OR = 2,71; IC 95% 1,43-5,15), quanto no modelo final (OR = 2,35; IC 95% 1,14-4,87). Conclusão: o AFP mostrou-se associado à FPM, independentemente da interação com sexo, faixa etária, IMC e CP. A sua utilização pode contribuir na avaliação de idosos, especialmente quando a aferição da FPM não for possível.

Introduction: Handgrip Strength (HGS) is an indicator of health and functionality of the older adults, which decreases over time, impacted by aspects including changes in body composition. Objective: to investigate the association between the Standardized Phase Angle (SPA ) and HGS in community-dwelling older adults in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methodology: cross-sectional study, with people aged 60 or over, assisted in the PHC. The dependent variable was the HGS measured using a dynamometer. The main independent variable was the SPA based on gender and age range, calculated from the phase angle obtained by bioimpedance. Block-by-block logistic regression was performed, including variables that were associated with a critical level lower than 10% in the model. Results: of the 296 individuals assessed, 28.0% had low HGS and 15.9% had SPA < ­ 1.65°. The variables inserted in the final logistic regression model, together with the SPA , were gender, age group, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Calf Circumference (CC). The analysis showed that SPA < ­ 1.65° increases the chance of the older adults having low HGS, both in the unadjusted analysis (OR = 2.71; 95% CI 1.43-5.15) and in the final model (OR = 2.35; 95%CI 1.14-4.87). Conclusion: the SPA was associated with HGS, regardless of the interaction with sex, age group, BMI and CC. Its use can contribute to the evaluation of the older adults, especially when HGS measurement is not possible.

Association between phase angle of bioelectrical impedance analysis and nutritional parameters in older adults

INTRODUCTION: Phase angle (PhA) is a Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameter representing an indicator of cellular health and has been suggested as a biomarker of nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between PhA and nutritional parameters in older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with community-dwelling older adults. Body mass index (BMI), arm muscle circumference (AMC), calf circumference (CC), body fat percentage (BF%), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), serum albumin, mini-nutritional assessment (MNA), and PhA were assessed. Kolmogorov­Smirnov test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, chi-square test, and Poisson regression models were performed. RESULTS: 144 participants were included in the study, and most of them were female, aged ≥80 years, and underweight. Most older adults with lower PhA were women, aged range 80­89 years, and with reduced ASMM (p<0.05). PhA presented a significant correlation with age (r=­0.417; p<0.001), ASMM (r=0.427; p<0.001), AMC (r=0.195; p=0.019) and BF% (r=­0.223; p=0.007). Older adults with lower PhA present reduced ASMM (PR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.04­1.50), and hypoalbuminemia (PR: 1.50; 95%CI: 1.11­2.03). CONCLUSION: PhA is related to commonly nutritional indicators used in clinical practice and could be an important biomarker of muscle mass reserves in community-living older adults of both sexes.

Morphological characteristics and bilateral differences of youth U13, U15, U17 and U19 male football players / Características morfológicas y diferencias bilaterales de los jóvenes futbolistas masculinos U13, U15, U17 y U19

SUMMARY: An anthropometric and body composition analysis was conducted on 123 competitive young male football players of different age groups (U13; U15; U17 & U19) with at least 4 years of training load. 3D anthropometric measurement were performed by the NX-16 ([TC]2, 3D body scanner Cary, North Carolina). Body composition was measured by the bioelectrical impedance with InBody 720 (Biospace Ltd.). Anthropometric and body composition characteristics among different age groups and asymmetries between the left and right side of the upper and lower limbs were analysed for treated age groups. The results showed differences in anthropometric and body composition variables among all age groups in all observed variables (Height, Weight, Basal Metabolic Rate, Skeletal Muscle Mass, Body Fat Mass, Percent Body Fat, Abdominal Obesity Degree, Body Mass Index, Body Fat Mass, Skeletal Lean Mass and Fat Free Mass). The results also showed that young football players of age group U13 differed statistically in four (from 7) paired variables (Arm Lean Mass, Leg Lean Mass, Forearm Girth and Calf Girth), U15 in three variables (Upper Arm Girth, Thigh Girth and Calf Girth), U17 in five variables (Arm Lean Mass, Leg Lean Mass, Upper Arm Girth, Forearm Girth and Calf Girth) and U19 in four observed variables (Arm Lean Mass, Leg Lean Mass, Upper Arm Girth and Calf Girth). All of the age groups differed statistically in calf girth paired variables. Puberty time probably had an impact on the results, and in future research more focus should be placed on puberty characteristics variables.

Se realizó un análisis antropométrico y de composición corporal en 123 jugadores de fútbol masculino jóvenes competidores de diferentes grupos de edad (U13, U15, U17 y U19) con al menos 4 años de carga de entrenamiento. La medición antropométrica 3D se realizó con el NX-16 ([TC]2, escáner corporal 3D Cary, Carolina del Norte). La composición corporal se midió mediante la impedancia bioeléctrica con InBody 720 (Biospace Ltd.). Se analizaron las características antropométricas y de composición corporal entre los diferentes grupos de edad y las asimetrías entre los lados izquierdo y derecho de los miembros superiores e inferiores para los grupos de edad tratados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal entre todos los grupos de edad en todas las variables observadas (Talla, Peso, Tasa Metabólica Basal, Masa Muscular Esquelética, Masa Grasa Corporal, Porcentaje de Grasa Corporal, Grado de Obesidad Abdominal, Índice de Masa Corporal, Masa Grasa Corporal, Masa magra esquelética y Masa libre de grasa). Los resultados también mostraron que los jugadores de fútbol jóvenes del grupo de edad U13 diferían estadísticamente en cuatro (de 7) variables pareadas (masa magra del brazo, masa magra de la pierna, circunferencia del antebrazo y circunferencia de la pantorrilla), U15 en tres variables (circunferencia del brazo superior, circunferencia del muslo y circunferencia del muslo). Circunferencia de la pantorrilla), U17 en cinco variables (Masa magra del brazo, Masa magra de la pierna, Circunferencia del brazo superior, Circunferencia del antebrazo y Circunferencia de la pantorrilla) y U19 en cuatro variables observadas (Masa magra del brazo, Masa magra de la pierna, Circunferencia del brazo superior y Circunferencia de la pierna). Todos los grupos de edad difirieron estadísticamente en las variables pareadas de circunferencia de la pierna. El tiempo de la pubertad probablemente tuvo un impacto en los resultados, y en investigaciones futuras se debe prestar más atención a las variables de las características de la pubertad.

Study on the time-point distribution characteristics of the occurrence of laryngopharyngeal reflux / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of the time-point distribution of the occurrence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) by 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (24 h MII-pH) and to provide guidance for the development of individualized anti-reflux strategies for LPR patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 24 h MII-pH data from 408 patients [339 males and 69 females, aged 23-84 (55.08±11.08) years] attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at the Sixth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2013 to March 2020. The number of gas acid/weak-acid reflux, mixed gas-liquid acid/weak-acid reflux, liquid acid/weak-acid reflux and alkaline reflux events at different time points were recorded and statistically analyzed through SPSS 26.0 software. Results: A total of 408 patients were included. Based on the 24 h MII-pH, the total positive rate of LPR was 77.45% (316/408). The type of positive gaseous weak-acid reflux was significantly higher than the remaining types of LPR (χ2=297.12,P<0.001). Except the gaseous weak-acid reflux, the occurrence of the remaining types of LPR showed a tendency to increase after meals, especially after dinner. Liquid acid reflux events occurred mainly between after dinner and the following morning, and 47.11% (57/121) of them occurred within 3 h after dinner. There was a significant positive association between Reflux Symptom Index scores and gaseous weak-acid reflux(r=0.127,P<0.01), liquid acid reflux(r=0.205,P<0.01) and liquid weak-acid reflux(r=0.103,P<0.05)events. Conclusions: With the exception of gaseous weak-acid reflux events, the occurrence of the remaining types of LPR events has a tendency to increase after meals, especially after dinner. Gaseous weak-acid reflux events accounts for the largest proportion of all types of LPR events, but the pathogenic mechanisms of gaseous weak-acid reflux are needed to further investigate.

Human muscle fatigue monitoring method and its application for exoskeleton interactive control / 生物医学工程学杂志

Aiming at the human-computer interaction problem during the movement of the rehabilitation exoskeleton robot, this paper proposes an adaptive human-computer interaction control method based on real-time monitoring of human muscle state. Considering the efficiency of patient health monitoring and rehabilitation training, a new fatigue assessment algorithm was proposed. The method fully combined the human neuromuscular model, and used the relationship between the model parameter changes and the muscle state to achieve the classification of muscle fatigue state on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the fatigue trend. In order to ensure the safety of human-computer interaction, a variable impedance control algorithm with this algorithm as the supervision link was proposed. On the basis of not adding redundant sensors, the evaluation algorithm was used as the perceptual decision-making link of the control system to monitor the muscle state in real time and carry out the robot control of fault-tolerant mechanism decision-making, so as to achieve the purpose of improving wearing comfort and improving the efficiency of rehabilitation training. Experiments show that the proposed human-computer interaction control method is effective and universal, and has broad application prospects.

Design of a dynamic measurement system for Bl factor spatial distribution of resonant blood viscoelastic sensor / 生物医学工程学杂志

Bl factor is a key system parameter of the resonant blood viscoelastic sensor. In this paper, a dynamic measurement system for the spatial distribution of Bl factor based on velocity amplitude and motional impedance was designed. The system extracted the velocity amplitude and motional impedance of the coil under the dynamic condition of driving the sensor to generate simple harmonic oscillations using laser displacement and impedance analysis combined with in-phase/quadrature demodulation algorithm, and controlled the equilibrium position of the coil by adjusting the direct current component of the excitation current to realize the position scanning. In the position interval of [-240, 240] μm, the maximum coefficient of variation of the measurement results was 0.077 3%, and the maximum relative error to the simulation results was 2.937 9%, with a linear fitting correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.996 8. The system can be used to accurately measure the spatial distribution of Bl factor of the resonant blood viscoelastic sensor, which provides a technical support for the verification of the design of the sensor magnetic circuit.

Research progress on electrical impedance tomography in pulmonary perfusion / 生物医学工程学杂志

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an emerging technology for real-time monitoring based on the impedance differences of different tissues and organs in the human body. It has been initially applied in clinical research as well as disease diagnosis and treatment. Lung perfusion refers to the blood flow perfusion function of lung tissue, and the occurrence and development of many diseases are closely related to lung perfusion. Therefore, real-time monitoring of lung perfusion is particularly important. The application and development of EIT further promote the monitoring of lung perfusion, and related research has made great progress. This article reviews the principles of EIT imaging, lung perfusion imaging methods, and their clinical applications in recent years, with the aim of providing assistance to clinical and scientific researchers.

Comparación de los métodos de antropometría y bioimpedancia eléctrica a través de la determinación de la composición corporal en estudiantado universitario / Comparison of the Methods of Anthropometry and Electrical Bioimpedance trough the Determination of Body Composition in University Students

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la composición corporal por antropometría clásica e impedancia bioeléctrica en estudiantado universitario de una universidad peruana. Método: Estudio correlacional, transversal, conformado por 152 estudiantes (77 varones y 75 mujeres) matriculados en el ciclo 2018-II con edad promedio de 20.45 ± 3.63 años. Se calculó para el método de antropometría el índice de masa corporal, mediciones antropométricas y se utilizó la ecuación de Yuhasz (1974) para determinar el porcentaje de grasa corporal, y para el de bioimpedancia eléctrica se utilizó el analizador tetrapolar multifrecuencia de medición segmental directa Inbody 120. Para establecer la correlación se utilizó el coeficiente de Pearson y para la concordancia se utilizó el método gráfico de Bland Altman e índice de estabilidad. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 27.0. Para todos los análisis se utilizó un nivel de significancia (p<0.05). Resultados: Existe una fuerte correlación estadísticamente significativa (p<0.01y r=0.95) entre los métodos de antropometría y bioimpedancia eléctrica para la determinación del porcentaje de grasa corporal; además, una buena concordancia según el método gráfico de Bland Altman, reforzada con el índice de estabilidad para complemento de la interpretación (IE= 95 %). Conclusiones: Ambos métodos son intercambiables entre sí, por lo que pueden ser usados indistintamente en este tipo de población para determinar el porcentaje de grasa corporal expresado en porcentaje.

Abstract Objective: The aim was to compare the body composition using classical anthropometry and bioelectric impedance in university students of a Peruvian university. Method: a correlational, cross-sectional study with a research sample of 152 students (77 men and 75 women) enrolled in the 2018-II period with an average age of 20.45 ± 3.63 years. The body mass index and anthropometric measurements were calculated for the anthropometric method. The Yuhasz (1974) equation was used to determine the body fat percentage. The electrical bioimpedance method implemented the tetrapolar multi-frequency direct segmental measurement analyzer Inbody 120. Pearson coefficient was used to establish the correlation, and the Bland Altman graphical method and stability index were used for concordance. The data were analyzed using the statistical software application IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27.0. A level of significance (p <0.05) was used for all analyzes. Results: there is a strong statistically significant correlation (p<0.01 and r = 0.95) between the anthropometric and electrical bioimpedance methods to determine body fat percentage. In addition, there is a good agreement according to the Bland Altman graphical method, reinforced by the stability index to complement the interpretation (IE = 95%). Conclusions: Both methods are interchangeable with each other, so they can be used indistinctly in this type of population to determine body fat percentage.

Resumo Objetivo: comparar a composição corporal por antropometria clássica e impedância bioelétrica em estudantes universitários de uma universidade peruana. Método: estudo correlacional, transversal, compreendendo 152 estudantes (77 homens e 75 mulheres) matriculados no ciclo 2018-II, com idade média de 20,45 ± 3,63 anos. Para o método antropométrico, o índice de massa corporal, as medidas antropométricas e a equação de Yuhasz (1974) foram calculados para determinar a porcentagem de gordura corporal; e para o método de bioimpedância elétrica foi usado o analisador tetrapolar multifrequencial com medida segmentar direta Inbody 120. O coeficiente de Pearson foi usado para estabelecer a correlação; o método gráfico Bland Altman e o índice de estabilidade foram usados para a concordância. Os dados foram analisados com o IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 27.0. Um nível de significância (p<0,05) foi usado para todas as análises. Resultados: há uma forte correlação estatística significativa (p<0,01 e r=0,95) entre os métodos de antropometria e bioimpedância elétrica para a determinação da porcentagem de gordura corporal; além disso, uma boa concordância de acordo com o método gráfico Bland Altman, reforçado com o índice de estabilidade para complementar a interpretação (IE= 95%). Conclusões: Ambos os métodos são intercambiáveis entre si, portanto, podem ser utilizados indistintamente nesse tipo de população para determinar a porcentagem de gordura corporal expressa como porcentagem.

Efectos de una intervención nutricional asociada a entrenamiento concurrente en la composición corporal de hombres físicamente activos / Effects of a nutritional intervention associated with concurrent training on the body composition of physically active men

RESUMEN: La práctica regular de ejercicio físico es una de las estrategias que se utiliza para optimizar la composición corporal. Para esto, no siempre se considera una intervención nutricional como parte de un trabajo interdisciplinario. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los efectos de un programa de intervención nutricional asociada a un entrenamiento concurrente en la composición corporal evaluada a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA) en hombres físicamente activos. La intervención tuvo una duración de 6 meses, donde participaron 12 personas (23,4 ± 4,9 años). Durante los primeros 5 meses se aplicó una planificación alimentaria y de entrenamiento ajustado a las características individuales de cada uno de los participantes, al comienzo del 6º mes, fue eliminada la planificación alimentaria y sólo se mantuvo el entrenamiento, esto con el objetivo de analizar los posibles cambios de composición corporal de los participantes. Antes (previo al programa de intervención), durante (al final del mes 5) y posterior a la intervención (final del mes 6) se evaluó el tejido adiposo, muscular y la masa libre de grasa a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA). Los resultados muestran que el programa de entrenamiento con intervención nutricional generaron en los primeros 5 meses, una disminución del porcentaje de tejido adiposo (PRE= 16,20 ± 4,75; POST= 9,52 ± 3,70; p= 0,000; TE= 1,51) e índice de tejido adiposo (PRE= 5,34 ± 1,75; POST= 3,16 ± 1,34; p=0,001; TE=1,35), aumento del porcentaje de tejido muscular (PRE= 46,05 ± 3,02; POST= 49,90 ± 2,90; p=0,004; TE= -1,25) y aumento el índice muscular/adiposo (PRE= 2,53 ± 0,75; POST= 4,85 ± 2,64; p=0,005; TE= -1,15), efectos que se atenúan significativamente cuando la intervención nutricional fue retirada del programa de intervención (p>0.05). Se concluye que la intervención nutricional es un factor clave para generar efectos positivos en la optimización de la composición corporal independientemente del nivel de entrenamiento de las personas. Estos resultados evidencian la importancia de la realización de una planificación alimentaria individualizada, ejecutada por un profesional nutricionista en los cambios de la composición corporal en sujetos físicamente activos. Los resultados de este estudio podrían orientar la consideración de un profesional nutricionista a la hora de formar equipos transdisciplinarios con el fin de mejorar hábitos de alimentación y de composición corporal.

SUMMARY: The regular practice of a certain type of training is one of the strategies used to optimize body composition. Consequently, nutritional intervention is not always considered as part of interdisciplinary work. This study aimed to identify the effects of a nutritional intervention program associated with concurrent training on body composition, assessed through bioelectrical impedance (BIA) in physically active men. The intervention lasted 6 months, with the participation of 12 subjects (23.4 ± 4.9 years). During the first 5 months, food and training planning was applied, adjusted to the individual characteristics of each of the participants. At the beginning of the 6th month, food planning was eliminated and only training was maintained, to analyze the possible changes in body composition of the participants. Prior to (before the intervention program), during (at the end of month 5), and after the intervention (end of month 6), adipose tissue, muscle, and fat-free mass were evaluated through electrical bioimpedance (BIA). The results showed that in the first five months, this training program generated a decrease in the percentage of adipose tissue (PRE= 16.20 ± 4.75; POST= 9.52 ± 3.70; p= 0.000; ES= 1.51) and adipose tissue index (PRE= 5.34 ± 1.75; POST= 3.16 ± 1.34; p=0.001; ES=1.35), increase in the percentage of muscle tissue (PRE= 46.05 ± 3.02; POST= 49.90 ± 2.90; p=0.004; ES= -1.25) and increased muscle/fat index (PRE= 2.53 ± 0.75; POST = 4.85 ± 2.64, p=0.005, SE= -1.15). The above effects were significantly reduced when the nutritional intervention was withdrawn from the program (p>0.05). It is concluded that nutritional intervention is a key factor to generate positive effects in the optimization of body composition regardless of the level of training. These results show the importance of individualized food planning, carried out by a professional nutritionist with regard to changes in the body composition of physically active subjects. The results of this study could be useful for nutritionists when forming disciplinary teams to improve eating habits and body composition.