Maternal Vitamin D Status and Its Associated Environmental Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
;
32(5): 885-894, 5 September 2022. Tables
Article
in English
| AIM
| ID: biblio-1398203
ABSTRACT
Vitamin D deficiency is common among women during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and their shared modifiable environmental factors among pregnant women in Indonesia and Malaysia. METHODS:
Blood samples of 844 third-trimester pregnant women (Indonesians 311; Malaysians 533) were collected to determine their serum 25(OH) D levels. Information on sun exposure and sun protection behaviours were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed by using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.RESULTS:
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) among Indonesian and Malaysian pregnant women were 42.4% and 72.0%, respectively. Percentage of exposed body surface area was inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency among Indonesian pregnant women (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.09-0.48). Among Malaysian pregnant women, higher intakes of dietary vitamin D were associated with lower risk of vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29-0.81). Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women who had a daily intake of at least 15 mcg vitamin D (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.38-0.88) and exposure of more than 27% body surface area to the sunlight (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.60).CONCLUSION:
Despite abundant sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant women in tropical countries. The present study suggests that nutrition education on vitamin D intake and sun exposure during pregnancy is necessary for primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women living in the tropical countries
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Index:
AIM (Africa)
Main subject:
Vitamin D Deficiency
/
Body Surface Area
/
Prevalence
/
Pregnant Women
/
Prenatal Nutrition
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prevalence study
/
Qualitative research
/
Risk factors
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
English
Journal:
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
Year:
2022
Type:
Article
Institution/Affiliation country:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia/MY
/
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia/ID
/
Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia/ID
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