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Tuberculose multirresistente e extensivamente resistente em área metropolitana de elevada incidência - município de Santos (SP), Brasil / Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in the metropolitan area of high incidence - the city of Santos (SP), Brazil
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [101] p. ilus, map, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870782
RESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A incidência de tuberculose (TB) em Santos (SP) situa-se em 73/100.000 habitantes-ano. A prevalência média de coinfecção TB/HIV é de 16%, taxas de cura e abandono de tratamento, entre casos novos são, respectivamente, 71% e 12%. Tais indicadores sugerem elevado risco para TB multidroga resistente (TBMR) no município, com incidência estimada em 1,9/100.000 habitantes-ano. OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar o perfil de sensibilidade às drogas (TS) de primeira e segunda linha de tratamento entre pacientes com TB pulmonar (TBP), estimar a incidência de TBMR e a proporção de TB extensivamente resistente (TBXR); analisar aspectos moleculares, epidemiológicos e institucionais dos casos de TBP resistentes em Santos (SP). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de uma coorte de pacientes de TBP, com início de tratamento ou retratamento entre 01 de janeiro de 2011 a 31 de dezembro de 2012. Definiu-se como caso de TBP, indivíduos com 15 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, residentes no município de Santos, com manifestações clínicas compatíveis com TBP e confirmação por cultura com isolamento de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As variáveis de interesse para o estudo foram as características sociodemográficas, história atual e pregressa de TB, aspectos relativos ao tratamento, co-morbidades, ao diagnóstico e resistência a drogas. Para as análises comparativas entre proporções foram usados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Exato de Fisher e para variáveis contínuas o teste T de Student ou o de Kruskal - Wallis. Os perfis genéticos dos isoladas resistentes a ao menos uma droga foram obtidos pela técnica RLFP e analisados pelo programa Bionumerics versão 5.0 (Applied Maths - Bélgica). A descrição da distribuição espacial da TB resistentes e clusters foram feitas mediante a inserção dos casos no mapa de Santos, por endereço de residência, segundo o índice de vulnerabilidade social. RESULTADOS: Dos 263 casos de TBP selecionados, 68,4% (180/263) eram do sexo masculino, a mediana da...
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Santos (SP) is located around 73 / 100,000-year, approximately double that found on average in the country. The average prevalence of TB / HIV is 16% cure rates and treatment dropout among new cases are, respectively, 71% and 12%. Such indicators suggest high risk for multidrug-resistant TB (MR-TB) in the city, with the incidence estimated at 1.9 / 100,000-year. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the sensitivity to drugs of first and second line treatment of patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) to estimate the incidence of MR-TB and extensively drugresistant TB (TBXR), describe molecular and institutional aspects, spatial distribution, epidemiological PTB resistant cases in the city of Santos (SP). METHODS: A descriptive study of a cohort of patients with PTB residing in the city who started treatment or retreatment in the period January 2011 to December 31, 2012. The case definition PTB individuals 15 years or more, both sexes, living in the city of Santos (SP), who present clinical manifestations compatible with PTB and whose confirmation was made by culture with isolation of M. tuberculosis. The variables of interest for the study were: bacteriological / laboratory socio-demographic characteristics, current and previous history of TB, aspects related to treatment, and comorbidities. For comparative analyzes of proportions the chi-squared tests and Fisher's exact were used for continuous variables and the Student t test or the Kruskal - Wallis. The genetic profiles of isolates resistant to at least one drug were obtained by RFLP (length polymorphism restriction fragment) and analyzed using version BioNumerics 5.0 (Applied Maths - Belgium) software. The description of the spatial distribution of resistant TB and the clusters was made by inserting the cases in Santos map, by address of residence, which was according to the index of social vulnerability. RESULTS: Of the 263 cases of PTB selected, 68.4% (180/263)...
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Epidemiology / Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Type of study: Incidence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Year: 2014 Type: Thesis

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Epidemiology / Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Type of study: Incidence study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Year: 2014 Type: Thesis