RUNX2 and WWOX genes as molecular biomarkers and candidates for targeted therapy in Egyptian patients with primary conventional osteosarcoma

ABSTRACT

Background: The conventional osteosarcoma (OS) is the commonest primary malignant, bone tumor with complex genomic profiles and poor survival. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) genes are implicated in normal osteogenesis as well as in the development of primary conventional OS. Methods: We retrospectively assessed protein and RNA expression of the RUNX2 and WWOX genes by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 80 cases of primary OS and 20 normal control (NC) subjects. Proteins and RNA expression levels of both genes were correlated to clinico-pathological features of the patients, progression free and overall survival (PFS& OS) rates. Results: In OS, RUNX2 protein was detected in 72/80 (90%) cases compared to 4/20 (20%) NC samples (p. < 0.001) and RUNX2-RNA was up regulated (up to 103.2 folds) in 60/80 (75%) (p = 0.01). WWOX protein and RNA (up to 7.2 folds) were detected in all NC samples but in 24/80 (30%) and 20/80 (20%) OS cases; respectively (p. < 0.001 for each). The concordance between the RNA and protein expressions for RUNX2 and WWOX was significantly high (X_trend