Determination of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in Yemeni khat by anodic stripping voltammetry

ABSTRACT

Trace element concentrations in khat were investigated as they can disturb trace element levels in the body. Cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], copper [Cu] and zinc [Zn] levels in khat and 6 leafy vegetables commonly consumed in the Republic of Yemen were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry after wet digestion of the organic matter. Khat had significantly higher concentrations of Cu and Zn than did the leafy vegetables, but similar amounts of Cd and Pb. The average daily intake of khat consumers of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from khat only was estimated to be 2.0-10.2 micro g/day, 23.6-118.0 micro g/day, 530-2654 microg/day and 662-3311 micro g/day respectively. Although high, these values were within Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization tolerance limits