Effect of lead acetate on neurobehavioral development of rats

ABSTRACT

We investigated the effects of lead exposure during the pre- and postnatal period on the neurobehavioral development of female Wistar rats (70-75 days of age, 120-150 g) using a protocol of lead intoxication that does not affect weight gain. Wistar rats were submitted to lead acetate intoxication by giving their dams 1.0 mM lead acetate. Control dams received deionized water. Growth and neuromotor development were assessed by monitoring daily the following parameters in 20 litters body weight, ear unfolding, incisor eruption, eye opening, righting, palmar grasp, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance and startle reflex. Spontaneous alternation was assessed on potnatal day 17 using a T maze. The animals'ability to equilibrate on a beaker rim was measured on postnatal day 19. Lead intoxication was confirmed by measuring renal, hepatic and cerebral lead concentration in dams and litters. Lead treatment hastened the day of appearance of the following parameters eye opening (control 13.5 + 0.6, N= 88; lead 12.9 + 0.6, N=72; P<0.05), startle reflex (control 13.0 + 0.8, N= 88; lead 12.0 + 0.7, N=72; P<0.05) and negative geotaxis. On the other hand, spontaneous alternation performance was hindered in lead-exposed animals (control 37.6 + 19.7; lead 57.5 + 28.3 percent of alternating animals; P<0.05). These results suggest that lead exposure without concomitant undernutrition alters rat development, affecting specific subsets of motor skills.