Nefropatía terminal en pacientes de un hospital de referencia en El Salvador / End-stage renal disease among patients in a referral hospital in El Salvador
Rev. panam. salud pública
; 12(3): 202-206, sept. 2002. tab
Article
in Es
| LILACS
| ID: lil-327416
Responsible library:
BR1.1
RESUMEN
Objetivos. El Salvador es un país con alta mortalidad por nefropatía terminal (NT). El objetivo de este estudio consistió en conocer las características epidemiológicas de una serie de nuevos casos de NT atendidos en un hospital de referencia de este país. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal de todos los nuevos casos que iniciaron diálisis crónica entre noviembre de 1999 y marzo de 2000. Mediante una entrevista personal se obtuvieron datos sobre aspectos clínicos, demográficos, laborales y ambientales. Resultados. Durante los 5 meses que duró el estudio se observaron 205 nuevos casos de NT. Entre los 202 entrevistados, se diferenciaron claramente dos grupos uno de 67 pacientes (33 por ciento) con factores de riesgo conocidos de NT, similares a los de países desarrollados (fundamentalmente, diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y consumo crónico de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos), y otro de 135 pacientes (67 por ciento) con características peculiares, en los que no se pudo detectar ningún factor asociado. La mayoría de estos últimos pacientes eran hombres, agricultores, habitantes de zonas costeras o adyacentes a ríos, que años atrás habían estado expuestos, sin protección, a insecticidas o plaguicidas agrícolas por razones laborales. Conclusiones. Se ha identificado un importante grupo de pacientes con NT que aparentemente carecen de una causa para su enfermedad y que presentan características peculiares que permiten sospechar una relación con la exposición laboral a insecticidas o plaguicidas. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para confirmar esta hipótesis
ABSTRACT
Objective. El Salvador is a country with high mortality from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of a series of new cases of ESRD seen in a referral hospital in the country. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted of all the new cases that initiated chronic dialysis between November 1999 and March 2000. Using a personal interview, data were obtained on the patients' clinical, demographic, and occupational characteristics, among others. Results. During the five months that the study lasted, 205 new cases of ESRD were observed. Among the 202 interviewees, two groups were clearly distinguished. One group, of 67 patients (33%), had known risk factors for ESRD, similar to those for developed countries (basically, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories). Another group of 135 patients (67%) had unusual characteristics that were not associated with the known risk factors. The majority of the patients in this second group were male, farmers, residents of coastal areas or areas next to rivers, and some years before had been exposed, without adequate protection, to agricultural insecticides or pesticides through their work. Conclusions. We have identified an important group of patients with ESRD who seem to lack a cause for their disease. Their special characteristics make it possible to suspect a relationship with the occupational exposure to insecticides or pesticides. New studies are needed in order to confirm this hypothesis.
Key words
Full text:
1
Index:
LILACS
Main subject:
Kidney Failure, Chronic
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adult
/
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Country/Region as subject:
America central
/
El salvador
Language:
Es
Journal:
Rev. panam. salud pública
Journal subject:
SAUDE PUBLICA
Year:
2002
Type:
Article