Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Jaguaruana, Ceará, Brazil. I. Presence of triatomines and index of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in four localities of a rural area

RESUMO

In order to assay the triatomine infestation and domiciliation in the rural area of Jaguaruana district, state of Ceará, Brazil, we studied, from November 2000 to April 2002, 4 localities comprising 158 domiciles as a whole, with an average of 4 inhabitants/house, who are dwelling in there for more than 7 years. Most houses have tile-covered roofs and the walls built with plaster-covered bricks (57 percent), followed by bricks without plaster (33 percent), and mud walls (7.5 percent). A total of 3082 triatomines were captured from different locations, according to the following capture plan (a) intradomiciles 238 Triatoma brasiliensis, 6 T. pseudomaculata, 9 Rhodnius nasutus, and 2 Panstrongylus lutzi; (b) peridomiciles (annexes) 2069 T. brasiliensis, 223 T. pseudomaculata, 121 R. nasutus, and 1 P. lutzi; (c) wild, in carnauba palms (Copernicia prunifera) 413 R. nasutus. From the captured triatomines, 1773 (57.5 percent) were examined. The natural index of Trypanosoma cruzi infection ranged from 10.8 percent to 30.2 percent (average of 17 percent), depending on the species and the location from where the triatomines were captured.