Resistencia a antimicrobianos en cepas de Mannheimia haemolytica aisladas de exudado nasal de bovinos productores de leche / Antimicrobial resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica strains isolated from dairy cattle nasal exudate

ABSTRACT

Two hundred and one strains of M. haemolytica isolated from nasal exudate of dairy cattle were used, 123 strains from clinically healthy (CH) bovines and 78 from clinically ill (CI) bovines affected by pneumonia, obtained from a dairy complex in the Tizayuca region of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Strains were previously identified by conventional culture and biochemical tests, and serotyped by indirect haemagglutination. Disk diffusion test was performed to determine antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics, such as ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftiofiur, penicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and erythromycin. Frequencies of higher antimicrobial resistance were streptomycin (81.6%) and gentamicin (24.4%), all strains were susceptible to ampicillin and penicillin. Because of the high resistant strain frequency (81.6%) of M. haemolytica to streptomycin, obtained by Kirby-Bauer test, presence of the strA gene, which encodes the enzyme aminoglycoside-3-phosphotransferase that provides resistance to streptomycin, PCR was performed by testing the presence of the strA gene. Of the 201 strains tested, 42.7% showed the gene sfrA, 17.4% of which was serotype A1, 1.4% serotype A6 and 23.8% non-typeable strains. Of the 78 CI strains and 123 CH strains, 80% and 18.7%, had the gene sfrA, respectively.

RESUMEN

Se emplearon 201 cepas de Mannheimia haemolytica provenientes de muestras de exudado nasal de bovinos productores de leche, 123 de bovinos clínicamente sanos (CS) y 78 de bovinos enfermos de neumonía (CE), obtenidas de un complejo lechero en la región de Tizayuca, Hidalgo, México, las cuales fueron identificadas previamente mediante pruebas convencionales de cultivo y bioquímicas, y serotipificadas mediante la prueba de hemaglutinación indirecta. Se les realizó la prueba de difusión en placa para determinar la resistencia a diversos antimicrobianos como ampicilina, gentamicina, ceftiofiur, penicilina, estreptomicina, trimetoprim con sulfametoxazol, tetraciclina y eritromicina. Las frecuencias más altas en la resistencia a antimicrobianos se presentaron a la estreptomicina (81.6%) y gentamicina (24.4%), todas las cepas fueron susceptibles a la ampicilina y penicilina. Debido a la alta frecuencia (81.6%) de cepas de M. haemolyfica resistentes a St con la técnica de Kirby-Bauer, se buscó la presencia del gen sfrA. Se realizó la técnica de PCR para comprobar la presencia del gen sfrA que codifica para la enzima aminoglycoside-3-phosphofransferase que proporciona resistencia contra la estreptomicina. Del total de cepas estudiadas (n = 201), 42.7% presentaron el gen sfrA, del cual 17.4% pertenecía al serotipo A1, 1.4% al A6 y 23.8% a cepas no tipificables. De las 78 cepas de CE y las 123 de CS, 80.0% y 18.7% respectivamente, presentaron el gen sfrA.