Correlação entre dimensões alveolares radiográficas e tomográficas de pacientes com fissuras labiopalatinas / Correlation between alveolar cleft measurements performed with periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography

RESUMO

Objetivo: Correlacionar medidas de fissuras alveolares obtidas por radiografias convencionais e tomografias computadorizadas do feixe cônico (TCFC). Método: Estudo transversal no qual participaram 11 pacientes com idades entre 6 e 32 anos, com fissuras pré-forame e transforame alveolar, não submetidos ao enxerto ósseo. Foram realizadas radiografias periapicais, oclusais e TCFC. Nas radiografias periapicais, foram mensuradas a) largura da fissura em relação ao dente adjacente nos terços apical, b) médio, e c) cervical. Nas radiografias oclusais d) largura da fissura nas superfícies vestibular, e) mediana, e f) na superfície palatina. Nas TCFC g) a largura da fissura em relação ao dente adjacente nos terços apical, h) médio, e i) cervical, em corte longitudinal panorâmico para a correlação com a radiografia periapical e; j) a largura da fissura nas superfícies vestibular, l) na mediana, e m) palatina, em cortes axiais, para a correlação com a radiografia oclusal. As mensurações foram realizadas nas radiografias com régua milimetrada e nas TCFC pelo i-CAT Vision. Para a análise estatística foi empregado o teste de correlação de Spearman pelo software SPSS Statistics 17 for Windows. Resultados: A) Entre a radiografia periapical e a TCFC, obteve-se o coeficiente de correlação p de 0,618 no terço apical (significância de 0,05), 0,556 no terço médio (significância de 0,05) e 0,963 no terço cervical (significância de 0,01); B) Entre a radiografia oclusal e a TCFC, obteve-se correlação de 0,712 na superfície vestibular (significância de 0,01), na mediana 0,568 e na palatina 0,679 (ambos significância de 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados indicam diferentes coeficientes de correlação positiva entre as medidas obtidas nas radiografias convencionais e na TCFC, sendo maior entre a radiografia periapical e a TCFC no terço cervical e, entre a radiografia oclusal e a TCFC na superfície vestibular.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the correlation between alveolar cleft measurements obtained from conventional radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Method: Eleven patients treated at 'Associação Maranhense da Alegria', a non-profit organization that offers treatment to patients with cleft lip and palate, were included in this cross-sectional, descriptive study. All patients presented pre-incisive and trans-incisive foramen clefts and had not been treated with bone grafting. Periapical and occlusal radiographs and CBCT scans were obtained from all patients. The following measurements were determined on periapical radiographs, cleft width in relation to the adjacent teeth in the a) apical, b) middle, and c) cervical thirds; on occlusal radiographs, cleft width based on the d) buccal, e) middle, and f) palatal aspects of the cleft; on CBCT scans, cleft width in relation to the adjacent teeth in the g) apical, h) middle, and i) cervical thirds, in a panoramic longitudinal section, for the assessment of correlation with periapical radiographic findings, and cleft width based on the j) buccal, l) middle, and m) palatal aspects of the cleft, in axial sections, for the assessment of correlation with occlusal radiographic findings. Radiographic measurements were calculated using a millimeter ruler and CBCT measurements were made using the i-CAT Vision software. Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman's rank correlation test using and the software SPSS Statistics 17 for Windows. Results: The following correlation coefficients were found between periapical radiography and CBCT 0.618 in the apical third (significance p=0.05), 0.556 in the middle third (significance p=0.05), and 0.963 in the cervical third (significance p=0.01). Results between occlusal radiography and CBCT were as follows 0.712 on the buccal aspect (significance p=0.01), 0.568 on the middle aspect, and 0.679 on the palatal aspect (both significant at p=0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate different positive correlation coefficients between measurements obtained from conventional radiography vs. CBCT, especially between periapical radiography and CBCT in the cervical third, and between occlusal radiography and CBCT on the buccal aspect of the cleft.