Alterations in urinary VMA levels following cigarette smoking, coffee drinking and alcohol consumption.

ABSTRACT

In eighteen normal healthy volunteers, the effect of cigarette smoking, coffee drinking and alcohol consumption on adrenomedullary sympathetic function was assessed in terms of urinary VMA levels. Following the indulgence in all these social habits, urinary VMA levels are significantly increased. The maximum and minimum increase in VMA levels were recorded following coffee drinking and alcohol consumption respectively.