Prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus of Bareilly region (India).

Background: Periodontal disease and diabetes share a two way relationship because of common pathways of disease progression. Aims & Objective: Extensive study on various population worldwide were carried out but there is a limited data for Indian population, Hence, the present study was done to evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus of Bareilly region of Uttar Pradesh (INDIA). Material and Methods: 1000 individuals of type 2 diabetes mellitus were categorized as good, average and poor glycaemic control on the basis of glycosylated hemoglobinA1C(HbA1C). Periodontal examination was done by recording oral hygiene index simplified, clinical attachment loss and gingival bleeding index. This periodontal result was correlated with glycaemic status and duration of diabetes since diagnosis. Results: Results showed a 91.7% prevalence of periodontitis, predominating with 41.3% cases of moderate periodontitis followed by 26.2% of severe and 24.2% of slight and 8.3% of gingivitis cases. In poor oral hygiene strata; the amount of severe periodontitis cases increased from 0% to 26.2% and up to 73.8%; as the glycaemic control deteriorated from good to average to poor. Similar results were reported for good and fair oral hygiene strata. Conclusion: Results of present study demonstrated that with worsening of glycaemic control, severity of periodontitis significantly increases even when examined for similar oral hygiene status.