Intravenous immunoglobulin for prophylaxis of nosocomial sepsis.

A total of 76 premature newborn infants with gestational age of 34 weeks or less were enrolled in a randomized controlled study to determine whether intravenously administrated immunoglobulin (IVIG) is able to prevent nosocomial sepsis. Forty infants were given 0.5 g/kg IVIG on the first day of life and 36 infants with similar gestational age and birth weight were selected as controls and did not receive IVIG. The frequency of proven sepsis, with a positive blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture, was significantly lower in infants who received IVIG as compared to controls (42.5 vs 80.0%) (p < 0.01). The mortality rate attributable to infection was not different in IVIG recipients and in controls (41 vs 48%) (p > 0.05). The overall mortality rates in the two groups were not different either (35.0 vs 44.4%) (p > 0.05). The majority of micro-organisms isolated from the blood culture of the patients were gram negative microorganisms (Klebsiella, Enterobacter). IVIG therapy was believed to be effective for prophylaxis of nosocomial infection, but such therapy was not able to reduce overall mortality rate or mortality rate due to systemic infection in prematurely born infants in our intensive care unit where the causative pathogens are usually gram negative microorganisms.